ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7538-1931
Current Organisations
Nanyang Technological University
,
Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich
,
UniversitätsSpital und Universität Zürich
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-09-2023
DOI: 10.1002/EPI4.12827
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-05-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41564-019-0426-5
Abstract: Microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are essential for water purification to protect public and environmental health. However, the ersity of microorganisms and the factors that control it are poorly understood. Using a systematic global-s ling effort, we analysed the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from ~1,200 activated sludge s les taken from 269 WWTPs in 23 countries on 6 continents. Our analyses revealed that the global activated sludge bacterial communities contain ~1 billion bacterial phylotypes with a Poisson lognormal ersity distribution. Despite this high ersity, activated sludge has a small, global core bacterial community (n = 28 operational taxonomic units) that is strongly linked to activated sludge performance. Meta-analyses with global datasets associate the activated sludge microbiomes most closely to freshwater populations. In contrast to macroorganism ersity, activated sludge bacterial communities show no latitudinal gradient. Furthermore, their spatial turnover is scale-dependent and appears to be largely driven by stochastic processes (dispersal and drift), although deterministic factors (temperature and organic input) are also important. Our findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of the global ersity and biogeography of activated sludge bacterial communities within a theoretical ecology framework and have important implications for microbial ecology and wastewater treatment processes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEDIATRNEUROL.2022.10.004
Abstract: Although phenobarbital (PB) is commonly used as a first-line antiseizure medication (ASM) for neonatal seizures, in 2015 we chose to replace it with levetiracetam (LEV), a third-generation ASM. Here, we compared the safety and efficacy of LEV and PB as first-line ASM, considering the years before and after modifying our treatment protocol. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 108 neonates with electroencephalography (EEG)-confirmed seizures treated with first-line LEV or PB in 2012 to 2020. First-line ASM was LEV in 33 (31%) and PB in 75 (69%) neonates. The etiology included acute symptomatic seizures in 69% of cases (30% hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, 32% structural vascular, 6% infectious, otherwise metabolic) and neonatal epilepsy in 22% (5% structural due to brain malformation, 17% genetic). Forty-two of 108 (39%) neonates reached seizure freedom following first-line therapy. Treatment response did not vary by first-line ASM among all neonates, those with acute symptomatic seizures, or those with neonatal-onset epilepsy. Treatment response was lowest for neonates with a higher seizure frequency, particularly for those with status epilepticus versus rare seizures (P < 0.001), irrespective of gestational age, etiology, or EEG findings. Adverse events were noted in 22 neonates treated with PB and in only one treated with LEV (P < 0.001). Our study suggests a potential noninferiority and a more acceptable safety profile for LEV, which may thus be a reasonable option as first-line ASM for neonatal seizures in place of PB. Treatment should be initiated as early as possible since higher seizure frequencies predispose to less favorable responses.
Location: Hungary
No related grants have been discovered for Dorottya Cserpan.