ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7269-7949
Current Organisation
Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine
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Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-07-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.22.215632
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen with an arsenal of virulence factors and a propensity to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. The understanding of the global epidemiology of S. aureus through the use of various typing methods is important in the detection and tracking of novel and epidemic clones in countries and regions. However, detailed information on antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of S. aureus , and its population structure is still limited in Africa. In this study, S. aureus isolates collected in South Africa (n=38) and Nigeria (n=2) from 2001-2004 were characterized using DNA microarray. The combination of spa typing and DNA microarray classified the isolates into seven spa types and three clonal complexes (CCs) i.e. t064-CC8 (n=17), t037-CC8 (n=8), t1257-CC8 (n=6), t045-CC5 (n=5), t951-CC8 (n=1), t2723-CC88 (n=1), t6238-CC8 (n=1), and untypeable-CC8 (n=1). There was excellent agreement (only two discordant results) between antibiotic susceptibility testing and the detection of the corresponding resistance genes by DNA microarray. Antibiotic and virulence gene markers were associated with specific clones. The detection of the collagen-binding adhesion ( cna ) gene was unique for t037-CC8-MRSA, the enterotoxin gene cluster ( egc ) and staphylococcal complement inhibitor ( scn ) gene for t045-CC5-MRSA, and the combination of genes encoding enterotoxin ( entA , entB , entK , entQ ) were noted with most of the CC8 isolates. The t045-CC5-MRSA clone was positive for the mercury resistance ( mer ) operon. DNA microarray assay provides information on antibiotic resistance and virulence gene determinants and can be a useful tool to identify gene markers of specific S. aureus clones in Africa.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS10101250
Abstract: Following a surge in the prevalence of chlor henicol-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Kuwait hospitals, this study investigated the genotypes and antibiotic resistance of the chlor henicol-resistant isolates to ascertain whether they represented new or a resurgence of sporadic endemic clones. Fifty-four chlor henicol-resistant MRSA isolates obtained in 2014–2015 were investigated. Antibiotic resistance was tested by disk diffusion and MIC determination. Molecular typing was performed using spa typing, multilocus sequence typing, and DNA microarray. Curing and transfer experiments were used to determine the genetic location of resistance determinants. All 54 isolates were resistant to chlor henicol (MIC: 32–56 mg/L) but susceptible to florfenicol. Two chlor henicol-resistance determinants, florfenicol exporter (fexA) and chlor henicol acetyl transferase (cat), were detected. The fexA-positive isolates belonged to CC5-ST627-VI-t688/t450/t954 (n = 45), CC5-ST5-V-t688 (n = 6), whereas the cat-positives isolates were CC8-ST239-III-t037/t860 (n = 3). While cat was carried on 3.5–4.4 kb plasmids, the location of fexA could not be established. DNA sequencing of fexA revealed 100% sequence similarity to a previously reported fexA variant that confers chlor henicol but not florfenicol resistance. The resurgence of chlor henicol resistance was due to the introduction and spread of closely related fexA-positive CC5-ST5-V and CC5-ST627-VI clones.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1159/000518408
Abstract: b i Objective: /i /b The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic determinants of fusidic acid (FA) resistance in MRSA isolated from patients in Kuwait hospitals. b i Methods: /i /b The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FA was tested with i E /i -test strips. Genetic determinants of FA were determined by PCR and DNA microarray. Staphylococcal protein A gene ( i spa /i ) typing and DNA microarray analysis were used to study their genetic backgrounds. b i Results: /i /b The FA MIC ranged from 2 mg/L to & #x3e mg/L. Of the 97 isolates, 79 (81.4%) harbored i fusC /i , 14 isolates harbored i fusA /i mutations ( i fusA /i ), and 4 isolates harbored i fusB. /i Isolates with i fusA /i mutations expressed high FA MIC (MIC & #x3e mg/L), whereas those with i fusC /i and i fusB /i expressed low FA MIC (MIC 2–16 mg/L). The isolates belonged to 23 i spa /i types and 12 clonal complexes (CCs). The major i spa /i types were t688 ( i n /i = 25), t311 ( i n /i = 14), t860 ( i n /i = 8), and t127 ( i n /i = 6) which constituted 54.6% of the isolates. The 12 CCs were CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC22, CC80, CC88, and CC97 with CC5 (45.6%) and CC97 (13.2%) as the dominant CCs. b i Conclusions: /i /b The MRSA isolates belonged to erse genetic backgrounds with the majority carrying the i fusC /i resistance determinants. The high prevalence of FA resistance belonging to erse genetic backgrounds warrants a review of FA usage in the country to preserve its therapeutic benefits.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-04-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S237319
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1159/000524755
Abstract: b i Objective: /i /b The prevalence of phage 80/81 i Staphylococcus aureus /i strains, the pandemic strains that were dominant in the 1950s, had declined in the 1960s and 1970s. However, these strains have reemerged in some countries in recent years. This study investigated the antibacterial resistance, virulence, and the genetic backgrounds of CC30-MSSA isolates obtained from patients in three tertiary hospitals. b i Materials and Methods: /i /b Twenty-two CC30-MSSA isolates cultured from different clinical s les were investigated using antibiotic sensitivity testing, i spa /i typing, multilocus sequence typing, and DNA microarray analysis. b i Results: /i /b All 22 isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (MIC ≤2 μg/mL), teicoplanin (MIC ≤2 μg/mL), and cefoxitin but were resistant to penicillin G ( i n /i = 22 100.0%), tetracycline ( i n /i = 12 54.5%), ciprofloxacin ( i n /i = 15 68.2%), cadmium acetate ( i n /i = 22 100%), mercuric chloride ( i n /i = 13 59.1%), and ethidium bromide ( i n /i = 3 13.6%). The isolates belonged to sequence type, ST30, and five i spa /i types: t012 ( i n /i = 12 54.5%), t019 ( i n /i = 5 22.7%), t017 ( i n /i = 2 9.1%), t037 ( i n /i = 2 9.1%), and t318 ( i n /i = 1 4.5%). All 22 isolates were positive for i agrIII, cap8 /i , i clfA, clfB, icaA, icaC, icaD /i , i cna /i , and staphylococcal enterotoxin gene clusters ( i seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, seu /i ) i . /i Eight isolates carried i lukS-PV /i and i lukF-PV /i that code for Panton-Valentine leukocidin. b i Conclusion: /i /b The current CC30-MSSA isolates share phenotypic and genotypic characteristics with the pandemic phage 80/81 isolates that were common in the 1950s and 1960s. Continued surveillance is recommended to keep abreast of the changing epidemiology of i S. aureus /i causing healthcare and community-associated infections.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-07-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0237124
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen with an arsenal of virulence factors and a propensity to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. The understanding of the global epidemiology of S . aureus through the use of various typing methods is important in the detection and tracking of novel and epidemic clones in countries and regions. However, detailed information on antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of S . aureus , and its population structure is still limited in Africa. In this study, S . aureus isolates collected in South Africa (n = 38) and Nigeria (n = 2) from 2001–2004 were characterized by spa typing and DNA microarray. The combination of these two methods classified the isolates into seven spa types and three clonal complexes (CCs) i.e. t064-CC8 (n = 17), t037-CC8 (n = 8), t1257-CC8 (n = 6), t045-CC5 (n = 5), t951-CC8 (n = 1), t2723-CC88 (n = 1), t6238-CC8 (n = 1), and untypeable-CC8 (n = 1). A high percentage agreement ( %) and kappa coefficient ( .60) was largely observed with antibiotic susceptibility testing and DNA microarray, indicating substantial agreement. Some antibiotic and virulence gene markers were associated with specific clones. The detection of the collagen-binding adhesion ( cna ) gene was unique for t037-CC8-MRSA while the enterotoxin gene cluster ( egc ) and staphylococcal complement inhibitor ( scn ) gene were identified with t045-CC5-MRSA. Moreover, the combination of genes encoding enterotoxins ( entA , entB , entK , entQ ) was noted with most of the CC8 isolates. The t045-CC5-MRSA clone was positive for the mercury resistance ( mer ) operon. DNA microarray provides information on antibiotic resistance and virulence gene determinants and can be a useful tool to identify gene markers for specific S . aureus clones in Africa.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-08-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12866-020-02009-W
Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) belong to erse genetic backgrounds that differ in antibiotic resistance. Knowledge of the local clonal composition of MRSA strains is important for patients’ management and for designing effective control and eradication methods. The aim of this study was to compare the antibiotic resistance patterns and genotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates obtained in public hospitals in Kuwait in 2016 and 2017 for changes in their resistance patterns and clonal composition. A total of 4726 MRSA isolates obtained in 2016–2017 from clinical specimens in Kuwait public hospitals were characterized using antibiogram, SCC mec typing, spa typing and DNA microarray. The isolates expressed resistance to fusidic acid (52.9%), kanamycin (41.6%), gentamicin (32.5%) and erythromycin (36.2%). The prevalence of high-level mupirocin resistance decreased from 3.7% in 2016 to 2.4% in 2017, while the proportion of resistance to other antibiotics remained relatively stable. A total of 382 spa types were detected with eight spa types, t688 ( N = 547), t304 ( N = 428), t860 ( N = 394), t127 ( N = 306), t044 ( N = 230), t311 ( N = 243), t223 ( N = 184) and t002 ( N = 181) constituting 53.1% of the MRSA isolates in 2016–2017. Of the 3004 MRSA isolates obtained in 2016 ( N = 1327) and 2017 ( N = 1677) selected for DNA microarray analysis, 26 clonal complexes (CCs) were identified. Most of the isolates belonged to CC1 ( N = 248), CC5 ( N = 833), CC6 ( N = 241), CC8 ( N = 292), CC22 ( N = 421), CC30 ( N = 177), CC80 ( N = 177) and CC97 ( N = 171). The prevalence of CC5 isolates has significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) increased from 294 isolates in 2016 to 539 isolates in 2017. Although CC22 increased from 196 isolates in 2016 to 225 isolates in 2017, CC1 increased from 112 isolates in 2016 to 136 isolates in 2017, CC6 increased from 103 isolates in 2016 to 138 isolates in 2017, these changes were not significant ( p ≥ 0.05). These results revealed the ersity in the genetic backgrounds of MRSA isolates and the stable maintenance of the dominant MRSA clones in Kuwait hospitals in 2016 and 2017 suggesting an on-going transmission of these clones. Novel and creative infection prevention and control measures are required to curtail further transmission.
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