ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8360-3592
Current Organisations
SUNY Buffalo State University
,
Universitat Bern
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Geology | Igneous And Metamorphic Petrology | Mineralogy and Crystallography | Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology | Ore Deposit Petrology | Inorganic Geochemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Extraterrestrial Geology | Chemical Spectroscopy | Vulcanology | Geochronology And Isotope Geochemistry | Mineralogy And Crystallography | Geochemistry not elsewhere classified | Tectonics
Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Earth sciences | Climate change | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water not elsewhere classified | Scientific Instruments | Mineral Exploration not elsewhere classified | Diamond Exploration | Chemical sciences |
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2018
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 13-05-2005
DOI: 10.1029/2004TC001709
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-03-2021
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-6050
Abstract: & & Garnet is one of the most robust and ubiquitous minerals that record element zoning during crustal metamorphism. In addition to major element distribution, zoning in trace elements can provide a wealth of information to document the changing conditions of garnet growth and modification. Trace element distribution in garnet grains was mapped in 2D in thin section with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time of flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOFMS) and conventional LA-ICP-MS to achieve a lateral resolution of 15-5 & #181 m and limits of detection for the heavy rare earth elements (REE) down to 0.2 & #181 g/g (Rubatto et al. 2020).& & & & In granulite-facies garnet, major elements show diffusional resetting, whereas trace elements still largely document the growth history. Enrichment of trace elements in the garnet mantle is attributed to the consumption of biotite (V, Cr) and the dissolution of zircon (Zr) and monazite (Y+REE) in the coexisting melt. Lu is notably enriched in the garnet mantle with implications for geochronology. The gradual zoning of Y+HREE between mantle and core is reconcilable with diffusion over ~200 & #181 m in 10 My at temperatures of 750& #8211 & #176 C& & & & In hibolite facies garnet, Y+REE trace element zoning closely matches the growth zoning in Ca with no notable diffusive modification. Y+REE zoning is dominated by Rayleigh fractionation in the core and in the outer zones it shows annuli that mark the sporadic breakdown of accessory phases.& & & & Garnet in eclogite facies s les that underwent fluid-rock interaction show growth zoning in major and trace elements, with local oscillations and sectors. In certain s les, the overall distribution of REE can be reconciled with diffusion-limited uptake. Where garnet displays fluid-related veinlets, visible in major elements, that cross-cut the primary growth zoning, the regular Y+REE and Cr growth zoning is not affected by the veinlets. This indicates that the veinlets did not form by a crack-seal mechanism but are rather related to a selective replacement process.& & & & & & & & & & strong& References & /strong& & & & & Rubatto D, Burger M, Lanari P, Hattendorf B, Schwarz G, Neff C, Keresztes Schmidt P, Hermann J, Vho A, G& #252 nther D (2020) Identification of growth mechanisms in metamorphic garnet by high-resolution trace element mapping with LA-ICP-TOFMS. Contrib Mineral Petrol 175:61 0.1007/s00410-020-01700-5& &
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-02-2010
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-09-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-10-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2009
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 28-08-2015
DOI: 10.1130/G37026.1
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 02-2010
DOI: 10.2138/AM.2010.3313
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-07-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00410-022-01905-W
Abstract: Devolatilization of subducting lithologies liberates COH-fluids. These may become partially sequestered in peridotites in the slab and the overlying forearc mantle, affecting the cycling of volatiles and fluid mobile elements in subduction zones. Here we assess the magnitudes, timescales and mechanism of channelized injection of COH-fluids doped with $${\\mathrm{Ca}}_{\\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$ Ca aq 2 + , $${\\mathrm{Sr}}_{\\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$ Sr aq 2 + and $${\\mathrm{Ba}}_{\\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$ Ba aq 2 + into the dry forearc mantle by performing piston cylinder experiments between 1–2.5 GPa and 600–700 °C. Cylindrical cores of natural spinel-bearing harzburgites were used as starting materials. Based on mineral assemblage and composition three reaction zones are distinguishable from the rim towards the core of primary olivine and orthopyroxene grains. Zone 1 contains carbonates + quartz ± kyanite and zone 2 contains carbonates + talc ± chlorite. Olivine is further replaced in zone 3 by either antigorite + magnesite or magnesite + talc within or above antigorite stability, respectively. Orthopyroxene is replaced in zone 3 by talc + chlorite. Mineral assemblages and the compositions of secondary minerals depend on fluid composition and the replaced primary silicate. The extent of alteration depends on fluid CO 2 content and fluid/rock-ratio, and is further promoted by fluid permeable reaction zones and reaction driven cracking. Our results show that COH-fluid induced metasomatism of the forearc mantle is self-perpetuating and efficient at sequestering $${\\mathrm{Ca}}_{\\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$ Ca aq 2 + , $${\\mathrm{Sr}}_{\\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$ Sr aq 2 + , $${\\mathrm{Ba}}_{\\mathrm{aq}}^{2+}$$ Ba aq 2 + and CO 2aq into newly formed carbonates. This process is fast with 90% of the available C sequestered and nearly 50% of the initial minerals altered at 650 °C, 2 GPa within 55 h. The dissolution of primary silicates under high COH-fluid/rock-ratios, as in channelized fluid flow, enriches SiO 2aq in the fluid, while CO 2aq is sequestered into carbonates. In an open system, the remaining CO 2 -depleted, Si-enriched aqueous fluid may cause Si-metasomatism in the forearc further away from the injection of the COH-fluid into peridotite.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-11-2012
Publisher: American Journal of Science (AJS)
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.2475/05.2007.03
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-10-2023
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5JA00047E
Abstract: Water concentrations in geological reference materials are evaluated with the new SHRIMP SI ion microprobe.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1124
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S43247-021-00103-Z
Abstract: Above subduction zones, magma production rate and crustal generation can increase by an order of magnitude during narrow time intervals known as magmatic flare-ups. However, the consequences of these events in the deep arc environment remain poorly understood. Here we use petrological and in-situ zircon dating techniques to investigate the root of a continental arc within the collisional West Gondwana Orogen that is now exposed in the Kabyé Massif, Togo. We show that gabbros intruded 670 million years ago at 20–25 km depth were transformed to eclogites by 620 million years ago at 65–70 km depth. This was coeval with extensive magmatism at 20–40 km depth, indicative of a flare-up event which peaked just prior to the subduction of the continental margin. We propose that increased H 2 O flux from subduction of serpentinized mantle in the hyper-extended margin of the approaching continent was responsible for the increased magma productivity and crustal thickening.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2016-5568
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 30-01-2012
DOI: 10.2138/AM.2012.3854
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2007JB005451
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2016
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-02-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-12-2014
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2017-5891
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2020-7286
Abstract: 26Mg tracer diffusion coefficients were determined in single crystals of pure synthetic forsterite (Mg2SiO4). Isotopically enriched powder sources both acted as the 26Mg source and buffered the activities of silica (aSiO2) at forsterite + protoenstatite (Mg2Si2O6) (high aSiO2) and forsterite + periclase (MgO) (low aSiO2). Experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure between 1250 and 1600 °C, and at oxygen fugacities (fO2s) between 10–12 bars (CO-CO2 mix) and 10–0.7 bars (air). The resulting diffusion profiles were measured along the three principal crystallographic axes (a, b, and c ||[100], ||[010], ||[001]) using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. These measurements were corroborated by ion microprobe using the sensitive high resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) instrument. Mg tracer diffusion is anisotropic, with D[001] & D[010] & D[100], the difference in diffusion coefficients varying by about one order of magnitude at a given temperature with crystallographic orientation. Diffusion is faster in protoenstatite-buffered than periclase-buffered conditions, again with around one order of magnitude difference in diffusivity between buffering conditions. There is no apparent effect of fO2 on diffusion. A global fit to all data, including data from Chakraborty et al. (1994) and Morioka (1981) yields the relationship: log 10 D = log 10 D 0 ( m 2 s - 1 ) + 0 . 61 ( ± 0 . 03 ) log 10 a SiO 2 + - 359 ( ± 10 ) kJ / mol 2 . 303 R T where log10D0 is –3.15 (±0.08), –3.61 (±0.02), and –4.01 (± 0.05) m2 s–1 for the [001], [010], and [100] directions, respectively (1 s.d.). The LA-ICP-MS technique reproduces diffusion coefficients determined by SHRIMP-RG, albeit with slightly different absolute values of isotope ratios. This shows that LA-ICPMS, which is both accessible and rapid, is a robust analytical method for such tracer diffusion studies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-05-2017
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.2138/AM.2008.2657
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 10-03-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Oxygen isotope geochemistry is a powerful tool for investigating rocks that interacted with fluids, to assess fluid sources and quantify the conditions of fluid–rock interaction. We present an integrated modelling approach and the computer program PTLoop that combine thermodynamic and oxygen isotope fractionation modelling for multi-rock open systems. The strategy involves a robust petrological model performing on-the-fly Gibbs energy minimizations coupled to an oxygen fractionation model for a given chemical and isotopic bulk rock composition both models are based on internally consistent databases. This approach is applied to subduction zone metamorphism to predict the possible range of δ18O values for stable phases and aqueous fluids at various pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions in the subducting slab. The modelled system is composed of a mafic oceanic crust with a sedimentary cover of known initial chemical composition and bulk δ18O. The evolution of mineral assemblages and δ18O values of each phase is calculated along a defined P–T path for two typical compositions of basalts and sediments. In a closed system, the dehydration reactions, fluid loss and mineral fractionation produce minor to negligible variations (i.e. within 1 ‰) in the bulk δ18O values of the rocks, which are likely to remain representative of the protolith composition. In an open system, fluid–rock interaction may occur (1) in the metasediment, as a consequence of infiltration of the fluid liberated by dehydration reactions occurring in the metamorphosed mafic oceanic crust, and (2) in the metabasalt, as a consequence of infiltration of an external fluid originated by dehydration of underlying serpentinites. In each rock type, the interaction with external fluids may lead to shifts in δ18O up to 1 order of magnitude larger than those calculated for closed systems. Such variations can be detected by analysing in situ oxygen isotopes in key metamorphic minerals such as garnet, white mica and quartz. The simulations show that when the water released by the slab infiltrates the forearc mantle wedge, it can cause extensive serpentinization within fractions of 1 Myr and significant oxygen isotope variation at the interface. The approach presented here opens new perspectives for tracking fluid pathways in subduction zones, to distinguish porous from channelled fluid flows, and to determine the P–T conditions and the extent of fluid–rock interaction.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 31-03-2006
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.2138/AM.2008.2656
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 27-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-4248
Abstract: & & The capacity of garnet to preserve successive growth stages over the & em& P& /em& & #8211 & em& T& /em& evolution of the host rock remains unsurpassed. The distributions of major elements, trace elements and oxygen isotopes, can be mapped at high spatial resolution to decode this information. The combination of experimental studies and investigation of natural s les is needed to determine the systematics of garnet compositional zoning and translate it into petrological information.& & & & Trace element mapping of garnet from different metamorphic settings reveals that different categories of elements record distinct mineral reactions and that trace elements zoning in garnet is related to growth conditions (Rubatto et al. 2020). During sub-solidus growth of garnet, Y+REE zoning is mainly controlled by Rayleigh fractionation with the sporadic breakdown of accessory phases producing annuli. However, additional processes overprinting equilibrium growth can be recognised. Fluid-induced garnet replacement can decouple major elements from compatible trace elements, whereby only the major elements are subject to replacement along veinlets. Trace element zoning can also reveal inheritance from precursor and neighbouring phases, such as epidote, lawsonite and biotite. At higher temperature, partial melting results in enrichment of V and Cr in garnet due to mica consumption, as well as Zr, Y and HREE from dissolution of zircon and monazite.& & & & In situ oxygen isotope analyses of garnet are particularly suitable to retrieve information on fluid-rock interaction. In eclogite facies rocks that underwent relatively low T conditions (& & #176 C), the different isotopic compositions of garnet growth zones within and across s les is preserved and can assist in determining the pervasive or localized nature of fluid flow. In different metamorphic units, garnet is instrumental in recognising high-pressure fluid-rock interaction versus inherited alteration from previous stages (Vho et al. 2020, Bovay et al. 2021). Supported by thermodynamic and geochemical modelling, the oxygen isotopic composition of garnet can be translated into time-integrated fluid fluxes at specific stages of the & em& P& /em& & #8211 & em& T& /em& path.& & & & At higher temperatures, diffusion of oxygen isotopes has to be considered, but remains poorly constrained. The results of a comprehensive experimental study (Scicchitano et al. 2022) show that the diffusivity of oxygen is similar to Fe-Mn diffusivity at 1000-1100 & #176 C. However, the activation energy for O diffusion is larger, leading to lower diffusivities at & em& P& /em& & #8211 & em& T& /em& conditions characterizing crustal metamorphism. Therefore, original oxygen isotopic signatures can be retained in garnet showing Fe-Mn element zoning partially re-equilibrated by diffusion.& & & & & & & & & Scicchitano MR, Jollands MC, William IS, Hermann J, Rubatto D, Kita NT, Williams ON, Valley JW, Escrig S, Meibom A (2022) American Mineralogist, 0.2138/am-2022-7970& & & & Bovay T, Rubatto D, Lanari P (2021) Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 176:55, 0.1007/s00410-021-01806-4& & & & Rubatto D, Burger M, Lanari P, Hattendorf B, Schwarz G, Neff C, Keresztes Schmidt P, Hermann J, Vho A, G& #252 nther D (2020) Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 175:61, 0.1007/s00410-020-01700-5& & & & Vho A, Rubatto D, Lanari P, Giuntoli F, Regis D, Hermann J (2020) Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 175:109, 0.1007/s00410-020-01745-6& &
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 09-02-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Single crystals of synthetic Cr-doped forsterite (Cr:Mg2SiO4) containing both Cr3+ and Cr4+ were partially hydroxylated in piston-cylinder apparatuses at 750–1300 ∘C and pressures from 0.5 to 2.5 GPa, with p(H2O) ≈Ptotal. The oxygen fugacity (fO2) was buffered by graphite-water, Ni–NiO, Re–ReO2, Fe2O3–Fe3O4 or Ag–Ag2O, and the silica activity (aSiO2) was buffered by powdered forsterite plus either enstatite (Mg2Si2O6), periclase (MgO) or zircon–baddeleyite (ZrSiO4–ZrO2). Profiles of OH content versus distance from the crystal edge were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and profiles of the oxidation state and coordination geometry of Cr were obtained, at the same positions, using K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The techniques are complementary – FTIR spectroscopy images the concentration and nature of O–H bonds, where Cr K-edge XANES spectroscopy shows the effect of the added H on the speciation of Cr already present in the lattice. Profiles of defect-specific absorbance derived from FTIR spectra were fitted to solutions of Fick's second law to derive diffusion coefficients, which yield the Arrhenius relationship for H diffusion in forsterite: log10D̃[001]=-2.5±0.6+-(224±12+4.0±2.0P)2.303RT, where D̃ is the measured diffusion coefficient in m2 s−1, valid for diffusion parallel to [001] and calibrated between 1000 and 750 ∘C, P and T are in GPa and K, and R is 0.008314 kJK−1 mol−1. Diffusivity parallel to [100] is around 1 order of magnitude lower. This is consistent with previous determinations of H diffusion associated with M-site vacancies. The FTIR spectra represent a variety of Cr-bearing hydrous defects, along with defects associated with the pure Mg–Si–O–H system. It is proposed that all of the defects can form by interaction between the dry lattice, including Cr3+ and Cr4+, and fully hydroxylated M-site vacancies. The initial diffusive wave of hydroxylation is associated with neither reduction nor oxidation of Cr but with Cr4+ changing from tetrahedral to octahedral coordination. Superimposed on the H diffusion and concomitant change in Cr4+ site occupancy, but at a slower rate, producing shorter profiles, is reduction of Cr4+ to Cr3+ and potentially of Cr4+ and Cr3+ to Cr2+. In addition, by comparing FTIR data to trace element contents measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), constraints can be placed on absorption coefficients used for converting absorbance to H2O contents – our data support either wavenumber- or defect-dependent values of absorption coefficients. We estimate absorption coefficients of between 60 200 and 68 200 L mol−1 cm−1 for OH− associated with octahedral Cr3+ and an M-site vacancy and 18 700 to 24 900 L mol−1 cm−1 for two OH− associated with octahedrally coordinated Cr4+ and a Si vacancy (i.e. a “clinohumite-type” point defect).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2011
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-01-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JMG.12093
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2016-5454
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS6198
Abstract: The deeply eroded West Gondwana Orogen is a major continental collision zone that exposes numerous occurrences of deeply subducted rocks, such as eclogites. The position of these eclogites marks the suture zone between colliding cratons, and the age of metamorphism constrains the transition from subduction-dominated tectonics to continental collision and mountain building. Here we investigate the metamorphic conditions and age of high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure eclogites from Mali, Togo and NE-Brazil and demonstrate that continental subduction occurred within 20 million years over at least a 2,500-km-long section of the orogen during the Ediacaran. We consider this to be the earliest evidence of large-scale deep-continental subduction and consequent appearance of Himalayan-scale mountains in the geological record. The rise and subsequent erosion of such mountains in the Late Ediacaran is perfectly timed to deliver sediments and nutrients that are thought to have been necessary for the subsequent evolution of sustainable life on Earth.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-12-2007
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2003
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-04-2023
Abstract: Abstract. The coupling behaviour of H+ and trace elements in rutile has been studied using in situ polarised Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) analysis. H2O contents in rutile can be precisely and accurately quantified from polarised FTIR measurements on single grains in situ. The benefits of this novel approach compared to traditional quantification methods are the preservation of textural context and heterogeneities of water in rutile. Rutile from six different geological environments shows H2O contents varying between ∼ 50–2200 µg g−1, with large intra-grain variabilities for vein-related s les with H2O contents between ∼ 500 and ∼ 2200 µg g−1. From FTIR peak deconvolutions, six distinct OH absorption bands have been identified at ∼ 3280, ∼ 3295, ∼ 3324, ∼ 3345, ∼ 3370, and ∼ 3390 cm−1 that can be related to coupled substitutions with Ti3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Cr2+, respectively. Rutile from eclogite s les displays the dominant exchange reactions of Ti4+ → Ti3+, Fe3+ + H+, whereas rutile in a whiteschist shows mainly Ti4+ → Al3+ + H+. Trace-element-dependent H+ contents combined with LA–ICP–MS trace-element data reveal the significant importance of H+ for charge balance and trace-element coupling with trivalent cations. Trivalent cations are the most abundant impurities in rutile, and there is not enough H+ and pentavalent cations like Nb and Ta for a complete charge balance, indicating that additionally oxygen vacancies are needed for charge balancing trivalent cations. Valance states of multivalent trace elements can be inferred from deconvoluted FTIR spectra. Titanium occurs at 0.03 ‰–7.6 ‰ as Ti3+, Fe, and Cr are preferentially incorporated as Fe3+ and Cr3+ over Fe2+ and Cr2+, and V most likely occurs as V4+. This opens the possibility of H+ in rutile as a potential indicator of oxygen fugacity of metamorphic and subduction-zone fluids, with the ratio between Ti3+- and Fe3+-related H+ contents being most promising.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-06-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1130/G21759.1
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-02-2020
DOI: 10.1093/PETROLOGY/EGAA035
Abstract: High-pressure experiments were performed to investigate the effectiveness, rate and mechanism of carbonation of serpentinites by a carbon-saturated COH fluid at 1·5–2·5 GPa and 375–700 °C. This allows a better understanding of the fate and redistribution of slab-derived carbonic fluids when they react with the partially hydrated mantle within and above the subducting slab under pressure and temperature conditions corresponding to the forearc mantle. Interactions between carbon-saturated CO2–H2O–CH4 fluids and serpentinite were investigated using natural serpentinite cylinders with natural grain sizes and shapes in piston-cylinder experiments. The volatile composition of post-run fluids was quantified by gas chromatography. Solid phases were examined by Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Textures, porosity and phase abundances of recovered rock cores were visualized and quantified by three-dimensional, high-resolution computed tomography. We find that carbonation of serpentinites is efficient at sequestering CO2 from the interacting fluid into newly formed magnesite. Time-series experiments demonstrate that carbonation is completed within ∼96 h at 2 GPa and 600 °C. With decreasing CO2,aq antigorite is replaced first by magnesite + quartz followed by magnesite + talc + chlorite in distinct, metasomatic fronts. Above antigorite stability magnesite + enstatite + talc + chlorite occur additionally. The formation of fluid-permeable reaction zones enhances the reaction rate and efficiency of carbonation. Carbonation probably occurs via an interface-coupled replacement process, whereby interconnected porosity is present within reaction zones after the experiment. Consequently, carbonation of serpentinites is self-promoting and efficient even if fluid flow is channelized into veins. We conclude that significant amounts of carbonates may accumulate, over time, in the hydrated forearc mantle.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1029/2006JB004620
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-05-2013
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-05-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251698
Abstract: Several past studies indicated that religious beliefs, orientation, and practice are protective of suicide. Findings from recent studies in China suggest that religiosity may contribute to increased suicidality. However, few studies have examined the associations between religious affiliation across different faiths and suicidality in China. The current study examines the association between religious affiliation and suicidality among college students in six provinces in China. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 11,407 college students from six universities in Ningxia, Shandong, Shanghai, Jilin, Qinghai, and Shaanxi. We collected the data between October 2017 and March 2018 using self-report questionnaires. They included self-report measures of depression, psychache, hopelessness, self-esteem, social support, and life purpose. Participants with a Christian affiliation had 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.14, 1.99, p = 0.004) higher odds of indicating an elevated suicide risk, 3.1 times (95% CI: 1.90, 5.04, p .001) higher odds of indicating a previous suicide attempt, and increased overall suicidality ( B = 0.105, p 0.001) after accounting for demographic and risk rotective factors. Christians also scored the highest in depression, psychache, hopelessness, and the lowest social support, self-esteem, and purpose in life. Muslims reported decreased suicidality ( B = -0.034, p = 0.031). Buddhism/Daoism yielded non-significant results in the multivariate analyses. Christian college students reported increased suicidality levels, perhaps due to public policies on religion. The decreased suicidality levels among Muslims may be attributed to higher perceived social support. The associations between religious affiliation and suicidality, depression, and hopelessness contrast sharply with US s les. This finding may be influenced by interactions between the religious denomination, in idual, and social olitical factors. This conclusion includes the possibility of anti-religious discrimination, which this paper did not investigate as a possible mediator and therefore remains a conjecture worthy of future investigation.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU23-1226
Abstract: Knowledge of oxygen diffusion in garnet is crucial for a correct interpretation of oxygen isotopic sig& #173 natures in natural s les. Scicchitano et al. (2022) reported a series of experiments with pyrope and YAG at P-T of 1-atm to 2.5 GPa and 900 & #176 C to 1600 & #176 C, either under nominally-dry or water-saturated conditions, to better constrain the diffusivity of oxygen in garnet. Analysis of 18O/(18O+16O) profiles by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) shows that: (i) diffusivities in pyrope and YAG crystals annealed under similar conditions (P = 1 GPa and T = 900 & #176 C) are comparable, suggesting a limited effect of chemical composition on oxygen diffusivity (ii) diffusivity values calculated for water-saturated experiments at 900 & #176 C fall on the Arrhenius curve described by nominally dry experiments performed at T = 1050-1600 & #176 C and (iii) several profiles deviate from the Gaussian error function, suggesting complex diffusion behaviour related to diffusion via interstitial (fast) and vacancy (slow) mechanisms. Modelling this process yields oxygen diffusion coefficients, D, that differ by approximately two orders of magnitude between the fast and slow diffusion mechanisms. The new experimental data suggest, however, that the slow mechanism is prevalent in natural garnet compositions and probably controls the retentivity of oxygen isotopic signatures in natural s les. Even though oxygen diffusivity in garnet is comparable to Fe-Mn and Ca diffusivity at high temperature ( 850 & #176 C), oxygen diffusivity is slower than cation diffusivity at P-T conditions typical of crustal metamorphism due to its larger activation energy. Original oxygen isotopic signatures therefore can be retained in garnet showing zoning partially re-equilibrated by the diffusion of other major elements.& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & ReferencesScicchitano et al. (2022), American Mineralogist, 107, 1425-1441.
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1130/G30788.1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 05-07-2023
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-2924524/V1
Abstract: Modern-style continental subduction is the main carrier of rifted margins to mantle depths ( 90 km) where ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism above coesite stability is attained[1,2]. An open question is why exhumed UHP rocks, a key feature of modern-style continental orogens, only appeared and became common late in Earth’s history. The long-standing explanation relies on the higher geothermal gradient of the ancient Earth, which would either prevent continental subduction to reach UHP conditions or prevent their exhumation[3,4]. Although different exhumation mechanisms for UHP rocks have been discussed[5], none of them integrate the recent paradigm shifts in understanding the architecture and lithology of rifted continental margins[7]. Here, we perform high-resolution thermomechanical numerical experiments to demonstrate that segments of magma-poor rifted margins that reach UHP conditions can exhume back to shallower levels, while segments of magma-rich rifted margins cannot. This is because the thick layer of basaltic rocks in magma-rich margins becomes negatively buoyant during metamorphism, preventing their exhumation. We further argue that the secular decrease in both mantle potential temperature and fertility would have favoured the formation of magma-rich rifted margins in the first half of Earth’s history, affecting the recycling and exhumation of deep subducted margins. The record shows that the conditions for development of magma-poor rifted margins may have become achievable during the Earth’s middle age (1.5-0.8 Ga), when cold and more refractory, depleted mantle limited melting and therefore magmatism. When these magma-poor rifted margins reached collision zones in the Neoproterozoic, their positive buoyancy forced the exhumation of the oldest unequivocally coesite-bearing UHP rocks at 0.6 Ga[8,9]. Since then, UHP rocks have become a key and ubiquitous feature of modern-style continental orogens.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 14-01-2022
Abstract: Temperature-dependent trace element fractionation during melting of subducted slab can explain the composition of arc magmas.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.2138/AM-2014-5049
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-10-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00410-020-01745-6
Abstract: Subduction zones represent one of the most critical settings for fluid recycling as a consequence of dehydration of the subducting lithosphere. A better understanding of fluid flows within and out of the subducting slab is fundamental to unravel the role of fluids during burial. In this study, major and trace element geochemistry combined with oxygen isotopes were used to investigate metasediments and eclogites from the Sesia Zone in order to reconstruct the effect of internal and external fluid pulses in a subducted continental margin. Garnet shows a variety of textures requiring dissolution–precipitation processes in presence of fluids. In polycyclic metasediments, garnet preserves a partly resorbed core, related to pre-Alpine high-temperature/low-pressure metamorphism, and one or multiple rim generations, associated with Alpine subduction metamorphism. In eclogites, garnet chemical zoning indicates monocyclic growth with no shift in oxygen isotopes from core to rim. In metasediments, pre-Alpine garnet relics show δ 18 O values up to 5.3 ‰ higher than the Alpine rims, while no significant variation is observed among different Alpine garnet generations within each s le. This suggests that an extensive re-equilibration with an externally-derived fluid of distinct lower δ 18 O occurred before, or in correspondence to, the first Alpine garnet growth, while subsequent influxes of fluid had δ 18 O close to equilibrium. The observed shift in garnet δ 18 O is attributed to a possible combination of (1) interaction with sea-water derived fluids during pre-Alpine crustal extension and (2) fluids from dehydration reactions occurring during subduction of previously hydrated rocks, such as the serpentinised lithospheric mantle or hydrated portions of the basement.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-09-2019
DOI: 10.5194/SE-2019-140
Abstract: Abstract. Oxygen isotope geochemistry is a powerful tool for investigating rocks that interacted with fluids, to assess fluid sources and quantify the conditions of fluid-rock interaction. We present an integrated modelling approach and the computer program PTLOOP that combine thermodynamic and oxygen isotope fractionation modelling for multi-rock open systems. The strategy involves a robust petrological model performing on-the-fly Gibbs energy minimizations coupled to an oxygen fractionation model both based on internally consistent databases. This approach is applied to subduction zone metamorphism to predict the possible range of δ18O values for stable phases and aqueous fluids at various pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions in the subducting slab. The modelled system is composed by a sequence of oceanic crust (mafic) with sedimentary cover of known initial chemical composition and bulk δ18O. The evolution of mineral assemblage and δ18O values of each phase is calculated along a defined P-T path. Fluid-rock interactions may occur as consequence of (1) infiltration of an external fluid into the mafic rocks or (2) transfer of the fluid liberated by dehydration reactions occurring in the mafic rocks into the sedimentary rocks. The effects of interaction with externally-derived fluids on the mineral and bulk δ18O of each rock are quantified for two typical compositions of metabasalts and metasediments with external fluid influx from serpentinite. The dehydration reactions, fluid loss and mineral fractionation produce minor to negligible variations in bulk δ18O values, i.e. within 1 ‰. By contrast, the interaction with external fluids may lead to shifts in δ18O up to one order of magnitude larger. Such variations can be detected by analysing in-situ oxygen isotope in key metamorphic minerals such as garnet, white mica and quartz. The simulations show that, when the water released by the slab infiltrates the forearc mantle wedge, it can cause extensive serpentinization within fractions of a Myr and significant oxygen isotope variation at the interface. This technique opens new perspectives to track fluid pathways in subduction zones, to distinguish porous from channelized fluid flows, and to determine the P-T conditions and the extent of fluid/rock interaction.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/GGR.12232
Combined Patterns Of Physical Activity And Screen-Related Sedentary Behavior Among Chinese Adolescents And Their Correlations With Depression, Anxiety And Self-Injurious Behaviors
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S220075
Start Date: 05-2011
End Date: 05-2014
Amount: $300,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2003
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $87,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 12-2017
Amount: $330,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2003
End Date: 12-2005
Amount: $260,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 04-2007
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $300,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 04-2005
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $710,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 12-2016
Amount: $250,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 04-2019
End Date: 11-2023
Amount: $380,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity