ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5788-4682
Current Organisation
University of Melbourne
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Chemical Engineering | Nanotechnology | Membrane and Separation Technologies | Membrane And Separation Technologies | Colloid And Surface Chemistry | Chemical Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Nanotechnology | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Biomedical Engineering | Environmental Technologies | Physical Chemistry Of Macromolecules | Industrial Biotechnology | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology | Biomaterials | Synthesis Of Macromolecules | Structural Chemistry | Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Organic Chemical Synthesis | Carbon Capture Engineering (excl. Sequestration) | Food Engineering | Powder and Particle Technology | Characterisation Of Macromolecules | Non-automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering (incl. Alternative/Renewable Fuels) | Combustion And Fuel Engineering | Nanoscale Characterisation | Nanomaterials | Nanomedicine | Plant Cell and Molecular Biology | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Nanobiotechnology | Synthesis of Materials | Mineral Processing | Biomedical Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Interdisciplinary Engineering | Condensed Matter Physics—Other | Analytical Chemistry | Organic Chemistry | Analytical Spectrometry | Separation Science | Colloid and Surface Chemistry | Biomaterials | Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry | Biomechanical Engineering | Electroanalytical Chemistry | Biotechnology Not Elsewhere Classified | Soil Biology | Analytical Biochemistry
Chemical sciences | Physical sciences | Human Pharmaceutical Treatments (e.g. Antibiotics) | Land and water management | Concentrating processes of other base metal ores | Treatments (e.g. chemicals, antibiotics) | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | First Stage Treatment of Ores and Minerals not elsewhere classified | Land and water management | Fabricated metal products not elsewhere classified | Other | Concentrating Processes of Base Metal Ores (excl. Aluminium and Iron Ores) | Dairy products | Fabricated metal products | Other non-ferrous metals (e.g. copper,zinc) | Prevention—biologicals (e.g. vaccines) | Soaps and cosmetics | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Transformation of Coal into Gaseous Fuels | Technological and organisational innovation | Energy storage | Preventive Medicine | Plant Extracts (e.g. Pyrethrum, Alkaloids, Jojoba Oil) | Chemical Fertilisers | Processed food products and beverages not elsewhere classified | Biofuel (Biomass) Energy | Industrial Crops not elsewhere classified | Polymeric materials (e.g. paints) | Production of Unrefined Precious Metal Ingots and Concentrates | Diagnostics | Food Safety | Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation | Materials performance and processes | Biological sciences | Ceramics, glass and industrial mineral products not elsewhere classified | Clinical health not specific to particular organs, diseases and conditions | Manufactured products not elsewhere classified | Diagnostics | Organic industrial chemicals not classified elsewhere | Coal | Nutraceuticals and Functional foods | Transformation of Coal into Liquid Fuels | Other | Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences | Scientific instrumentation | Farmland, Arable Cropland and Permanent Cropland Soils | Preparation of Uranium | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Industrial gases |
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-12-2009
DOI: 10.1021/JF9018596
Abstract: The commercially available preparation of beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans , known as Biolacta FN5, has been extensively used in the production of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS). This study focuses on characterizing the production of GOS in two reaction systems: 10% lactose (w/v) in buffer and skim milk. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the GOS yield along with the relative rates of GOS synthesis and degradation leads to the finding that GOS degradation activity was selectively decreased in Biolacta FN5 above 40 degrees C. Facile heat treatment of Biolacta FN5 solution prior to use allowed for GOS yields to be significantly increased in both reaction systems.
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 23-07-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-12-1999
DOI: 10.1081/SS-100100802
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1021/EF4014746
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-11-2014
DOI: 10.1021/ES5041706
Abstract: Energy and exergy analyses were studied for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with CO2 capture using hot potassium carbonate solvent. The study focused on the combined impact of the CO conversion ratio in the water gas shift (WGS) unit and CO2 recovery rate on component exergy destruction, plant efficiency, and energy penalty for CO2 capture. A theoretical limit for the minimal efficiency penalty for CO2 capture was also provided. It was found that total plant exergy destruction increased almost linearly with CO2 recovery rate and CO conversion ratio at low CO conversion ratios, but the exergy destruction from the WGS unit and the whole plant increased sharply when the CO conversion ratio was higher than 98.5% at the design WGS conditions, leading to a significant decrease in plant efficiency and increase in efficiency penalty for CO2 capture. When carbon capture rate was over around 70%, via a combination of around 100% CO2 recovery rate and lower CO conversion ratios, the efficiency penalty for CO2 capture was reduced. The minimal efficiency penalty for CO2 capture was estimated to be around 5.0 percentage points at design conditions in an IGCC plant with 90% carbon capture. Unlike the traditional aim of 100% CO conversion, it was recommended that extremely high CO conversion ratios should not be considered in order to decrease the energy penalty for CO2 capture and increase plant efficiency.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
Publisher: BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Date: 05-08-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-01-2004
DOI: 10.1081/SS-200041135
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1994
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-06-2013
DOI: 10.1021/EF400413R
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-09-2012
DOI: 10.1021/EF3015519
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2013.01.020
Abstract: Due to the high demand for donor corneas and their low supply, autologous corneal endothelial cell (CEC) culture and transplantation for treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction would be highly desirable. Many studies have shown the possibility of culturing CECs in vitro, but lack potential robust substrates for transplantation into the cornea. In this study, we investigate the properties of novel ultrathin chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel films (CPHFs) for corneal tissue engineering applications. Cross-linking of chitosan films with diepoxy-PEG and cystamine was employed to prepare ~50 μm (hydrated) hydrogel films. Through variation of the PEG content (1.5-5.9 wt.%) it was possible to tailor the CPHFs to have tensile strains and ultimate stresses identical to or greater than those of human corneal tissue while retaining similar tensile moduli. Light transmission measurements in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm) revealed that the films were >95% optically transparent, above that of the human cornea (maximum ~90%), whilst in vitro degradation studies with lysozyme revealed that the CPHFs maintained the biodegradable characteristics of chitosan. Cell culture studies demonstrated the ability of the CPHFs to support the attachment and proliferation of sheep CECs. Ex vivo surgical trials on ovine eyes demonstrated that the CPHFs displayed excellent characteristics for physical manipulation and implantation purposes. The ultrathin CPHFs display desirable mechanical, optical and degradation properties whilst allowing attachment and proliferation of ovine CECs, and as such are attractive candidates for the regeneration and transplantation of CECs, as well as other corneal tissue engineering applications.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-06-2004
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.10136
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: Springer US
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2018.04.079
Abstract: The electrochemical treatment of exhausted granular activated carbon (GAC) has been identified as an effective alternative to traditional adsorbent regeneration methods (e.g. thermal, chemical, and microbial). However, despite its proven potential and initial investigation over two decades ago, the development of this technology has been progressing slowly, hindering its deployment in industrial applications. Thus, a review has been conducted that aims to present the fundamentals of GAC electrochemical regenerative methods, what research has been conducted to develop the technology to the present day, and lastly, identify limitations and future prospects associated with electrochemical methods. The regenerative mechanism is firstly discussed, followed by a presentation of the varying reactor configurations and operating parameters utilized during the electrochemical treatment of GAC materials exhausted with a broad range of wastewater contaminants. Finally, emerging electrochemical technologies used for the commercial treatment of exhausted adsorbent materials and contaminated soils are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2018
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.16366
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-10-2008
DOI: 10.1021/IE800581U
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
Publisher: ASME International
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1115/1.4029964
Abstract: CO2 capture (CC) using hot K2CO3 solvent in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant is a promising technology for CO2 emission reduction. Based on pilot scale trials, an innovative IGCC system with CC using hot K2CO3 solvent is proposed, in which the intercooling heat between CO2 compressors is recovered for CO2 regeneration (IGCC + CC + HR). Thermodynamic performance and exergy and energy utilization diagram (EUD) analysis are presented. Results show that recovery of the intercooling heat between CO2 compressors reduces the steam extraction requirement from turbines for CO2 regeneration by around 18% and enhances the efficiency of IGCC with CO2 capture (IGCC + CC) plant by 0.3–0.7 percentage points. With 90% CC, the efficiency of the IGCC + CC + HR plant is around 35.4% which is higher than IGCC + CC plant using Selexol technology. Compared to IGCC, the energy penalty for CC in IGCC + CC + HR plant is mainly caused by the exergy losses in CO2 separation (45.2%), water gas shift (WGS) (28.5%), combined cycle (20.7%) and CO2 compression units (5.6%). EUD analysis shows that the IGCC + CC + HR plant realizes good match of the energy levels between the intercooling heat and the recovered steam for CO2 regeneration, thereby obviously reducing the exergy losses in CO2 compression and separation units and improving the plant efficiency. The results presented in this paper confirm the sources causing the energy penalty for CC in IGCC power plant and the new IGCC + CC + HR system helps to reduce the energy penalty for CC in IGCC power plant based on solvent technologies.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJPY.12243
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-06-2015
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-06-2009
DOI: 10.1021/AM900251M
Abstract: The amount of radioactive iodine generated from nuclear power plants is expected to increase with the proliferation of nuclear energy production, and long-term immobilization methods for such radioactive elements need to be developed to make nuclear energy sustainable. The standard immobilization method of radioactive elements, vitrification, is not very effective for radioactive iodine-129 because of the low solubility of iodine in silicate melts, its very high volatility at standard vitrification process temperatures, and its instability in the alkaline environment of deep geological layers below 300 m. We have developed a novel three-phase ceramic composite produced by a sintering process. Iodine adsorbed onto Ca-type zeolite A was covered with a hydroxyapatite nanolayer through the exchange reaction of ammonium with calcium. Clusters of iodine of 30 nm within the zeolite structure were found to be thermally stable up to 1253 K because of the partial blockage of the alpha-cage apertures by ammonium ions and the partial change from a crystalline phase to an amorphous phase at 473 K. No gasification of iodine molecules was found to occur during the sintering process. The outer phase was highly crystalline hydroxyfluorapatite in which the hydroxyapatite nanolayer plays an important role for successful sintering. The elution of iodine in low-dioxygen water, similar to that found within the Earth's crust, was investigated and was found to occur only in the surface layer of the sintered body.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2015
DOI: 10.1002/POLB.23900
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-01-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2007
Abstract: A novel method of spontaneous generation of new adipose tissue from an existing fat flap is described. A defined volume of fat flap based on the superficial inferior epigastric vascular pedicle in the rat was elevated and inset into a hollow plastic chamber implanted subcutaneously in the groin of the rat. The chamber walls were either perforated or solid and the chambers either contained poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sponge matrix or not. The contents were analyzed after being in situ for 6 weeks. The total volume of the flap tissue in all groups except the control groups, where the flap was not inserted into the chambers, increased significantly, especially in the perforated chambers (0.08 +/- 0.007 mL baseline compared to 1.2 +/- 0.08 mL in the intact ones). Volume analysis of in idual component tissues within the flaps revealed that the adipocyte volume increased and was at a maximum in the chambers without PLGA, where it expanded from 0.04 +/- 0.003 mL at insertion to 0.5 +/- 0.08 mL (1250% increase) in the perforated chambers and to 0.16 +/- 0.03 mL (400% increase) in the intact chambers. Addition of PLGA scaffolds resulted in less fat growth. Histomorphometric analysis rather than simple hypertrophy documented an increased number of adipocytes. The new tissue was highly vascularized and no fat necrosis or atypical changes were observed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-05-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2008.12.047
Abstract: A polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) is reported consisting of 45% (m/m) di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) immobilized in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for use as a solid phase absorbent for selectively extracting Zn(II) from aqueous solutions in the presence of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II). Interference from Fe(III) in the s le is eliminated by precipitation with orthophosphate prior to the extraction of Zn(II). Studies using a dual compartment transport cell have shown that the Zn(II) flux (2.58 x 10(-6)mol m(-2)s(-1)) is comparable to that observed for supported liquid membranes. The stoichiometry of the extracted complex is shown to be ZnR(2).HR, where R is the D2EHPA anion.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-04-2015
DOI: 10.1002/GHG.1498
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 10-02-2017
DOI: 10.2166/WH.2017.019
Abstract: Minerals of biological origin have shown significant potential for the separation of contaminants from water worldwide. This study details the contribution of biologically derived minerals to water treatment operations, with a focus on filtration media from urban municipalities and remote cold regions. The results support biofilm-embedded iron and manganese to be the building blocks of biogenic mineral development on activated carbon and nutrient-amended zeolites. The presence of similar iron and manganese oxidising bacterial species across all filter media supports the analogous morphologies of biogenic minerals between sites and suggests that biological water treatment processes may be feasible across a range of climates. This is the first time the stages of biogenic mineral formation have been aligned with comprehensive imaging of the biofilm community and bacterial identification especially with respect to cold regions. Where biogenic mineral formation occurs on filter media, the potential exists for enhanced adsorption for a range of organic and inorganic contaminants and improved longevity of filter media beyond the adsorption or exchange capacities of the raw material.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.07.043
Abstract: Hydrophobic zeolite was synthesized, modified and characterized for its suitability as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) material for treatment of hydrocarbons in groundwater. Batch sorption tests were performed along with a number of standard characterization techniques. High and low ionic strength and pH tests were also conducted to determine their impact on hydrocarbon uptake. Further ion exchange tests were conducted to determine the potential for the zeolite to act as both a hydrocarbon capture material and nutrient a delivery system for bioremediation. The zeolite was coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (C18) to change its surface properties. The results of the surface characterization tests showed that the underlying zeolite structure was largely unaffected by the coating. TGA measurements showed a reactive carbon content of 1-2%. Hydrocarbon (o-xylene and naphthalene) sorption isotherms results compared well with the behaviour of similar materials investigated by other researchers. Ionic strength and pH had little effect on hydrocarbon sorption and the treated zeolite had an ion exchange capacity of 0.3 mequiv./g, indicating it could be utilised as a nutrient source in PRBs. Recycle tests indicated that the zeolite could be used cleaned and reused at least three times without significant reduction in treatment effectiveness.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2011
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-11-2014
DOI: 10.1021/IE503506B
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-05-2002
DOI: 10.1021/LA015663O
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-03-2002
DOI: 10.1021/LA011027E
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-09-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-03-2011
DOI: 10.1021/BM1014574
Abstract: Tissue regeneration may be stimulated by growth factors but to be effective, this delivery must be sustained and requires delivery vehicles that overcome the short half-life of these molecules in vivo. One promising approach is to couple growth factors to the biomaterial surface so that they are readily bioavailable. Here the layer-by-layer process was used to construct a multilayered polyelectrolyte delivery system on the surface of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid constructs. The system was first optimized on a planar surface before translation to a 3D microsphere system. The layers incorporated heparin to facilitate the loading of basic fibroblast growth factor and increase growth factor stability. Cross-linked capping layers also reduced any burst release. The model growth factor was released in a sustained manner and stimulated significantly higher cell proliferation in vitro on release compared with the addition of the growth factor heparin complex free in solution, demonstrating the promise of this approach.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-02-2003
DOI: 10.1021/LA0260638
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-2110
DOI: 10.1021/EF201192N
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-08-2008
DOI: 10.1021/JE7006428
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-02-2011
DOI: 10.1021/LA1049088
Abstract: The atomic force microscope (AFM) has provided unprecedented opportunities to study velocity-dependent interactions between deformable drops and bubbles under a range of solution conditions. The challenge is to design an experimental system that enables accurate force spectroscopy of the interaction between deformable drops and thus the extraction of accurate quantitative information about the physically important force-separation relation. This step requires very precise control and knowledge of the interfacial properties of the interacting drops, the drive conditions of the force-sensing cantilever, the disposition of the interacting drops on the substrate and on the cantilever, and transducer calibrations of the instrument in order to quantify the effects of approach velocities and interfacial deformation. This article examines and quantifies in detail all experimental conditions that are necessary to facilitate accurate processing of dynamic force spectroscopy data from the AFM using the well-defined system of tetradecane drops in aqueous solutions under surfactant and surfactant-free conditions over a range of force magnitudes that has not been attained before. The ability of drops to deform and increase the effective area of interaction instead of decreasing the distance of closest approach when disjoining pressure exceeds the Laplace pressure means that the DLVO paradigm of colloidal stability as being determined by a balance of kinetic energy against the height of the primary maximum is no longer valid. The range of interfacially active species present in alkane-aqueous systems investigated provides insight into the applicability of the tangentially immobile boundary condition in colloidal interactions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-03-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-28869-6
Abstract: Catalytic solvent regeneration has attracted broad interest owing to its potential to reduce energy consumption in CO 2 separation, enabling industry to achieve emission reduction targets of the Paris Climate Accord. Despite recent advances, the development of engineered acidic nanocatalysts with unique characteristics remains a challenge. Herein, we establish a strategy to tailor the physicochemical properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the synthesis of water-dispersible core-shell nanocatalysts with ease of use. We demonstrate that functionalized nanoclusters (Fe 3 O 4 -COOH) effectively induce missing-linker deficiencies and fabricate mesoporosity during the self-assembly of MOFs. Superacid sites are created by introducing chelating sulfates on the uncoordinated metal clusters, providing high proton donation capability. The obtained nanomaterials drastically reduce the energy consumption of CO 2 capture by 44.7% using only 0.1 wt.% nanocatalyst, which is a ∽10-fold improvement in efficiency compared to heterogeneous catalysts. This research represents a new avenue for the next generation of advanced nanomaterials in catalytic solvent regeneration.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-08-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-10-2010
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 14-07-2006
Abstract: The understanding of static interactions in colloidal suspensions is well established, whereas dynamic interactions more relevant to biological and other suspended soft-matter systems are less well understood. We present the direct force measurement and quantitative theoretical description for dynamic forces for liquid droplets in another immiscible fluid. Analysis of this system demonstrates the strong link between interfacial deformation, static surface forces, and hydrodynamic drainage, which govern dynamic droplet-droplet interactions over the length scale of nanometers and over the time scales of Brownian collisions. The results and analysis have direct bearing on the control and manipulation of suspended droplets in soft-matter systems ranging from the emulsions in sh oo to cellular interactions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-02-2012
DOI: 10.1021/LA204753Y
Abstract: A systematic study of collisions between surfactant-free organic drops in aqueous electrolyte solutions reveals the threshold at which continuum models provide a complete description of thin-film interactions. For collision velocities above ~1 μm/s, continuum models of hydrodynamics and surface forces provide a complete description of the interaction, despite the absence of surfactant. This includes accurate prediction of coalescence at high salt concentration (500 mM). In electrolyte solutions at intermediate salt concentration (50 mM), drop-drop collisions at lower velocity (<1 μm) or extended time of forced drop-drop interaction exhibit a strong pull-off force of systematically varying magnitude. The observations have implications on the effects of ion-specificity and time-dependence in drop-drop interactions where kinetic stability is marginal.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-06-2011
DOI: 10.1021/IE1024529
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2805518
Abstract: A simple and accurate experimental method is described for determining the effective cantilever spring constant and the detector sensitivity of atomic force microscopy cantilevers on which a colloidal particle is attached. By attaching large (approximately 85μm diameter) latex particles at various positions along the V-shaped cantilevers, we demonstrate how the normal and lateral spring constants as well as the sensitivity vary with loading position. Comparison with an explicit point-load theoretical model has also been used to verify the accuracy of the method.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2015.12.002
Abstract: The application of controlled release nutrient (CRN) materials to permeable reactive barriers to promote biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater was investigated. The longevity of release, influence of flow velocity and petroleum hydrocarbon concentration on nutrient release was assessed using soluble and ion exchange CRN materials namely Polyon™ and Zeopro™. Both CRN materials, assessed at 4 °C and 23 °C, demonstrated continuing release of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N-P-K) at 3500 bed volumes passing, with longer timeframes of N-P-K release at 4 °C. Zeopro™-activated carbon mixtures demonstrated depletion of N-P-K prior to 3500 bed volumes passing. Increased flow velocity was shown to lower nutrient concentrations in Polyon™ flow cells while nutrient release from Zeopro™ was largely unchanged. The presence of petroleum hydrocarbons, at 1.08 mmol/L and 3.25 mmol/L toluene, were not shown to alter nutrient release from Polyon™ and Zeopro™ across 14 days. These findings suggest that Polyon™ and Zeopro™ may be suitable CRN materials for application to PRBs in low nutrient environments.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-03-2010
DOI: 10.1021/LA904894N
Abstract: We introduce a lateral atomic force microscopy (AFM) method to measure the hydrodynamic drag force acting on a microscopic emulsion droplet moving parallel to a flat surface. A tetradecane oil droplet formed in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylsulfate was attached to a V-shaped atomic force microscopy cantilever, and lateral hydrodynamic interactions between the droplet and a flat glass surface were measured using a range of scanning velocities. The droplet was positioned either far from the oscillating surface or was pressed to the surface under a constant applied load. These measurements demonstrate the feasibility of using AFM to study lateral hydrodynamic interactions and lubricity between soft matter materials relevant to a large number of applications in areas as erse as flavor delivery in foods to the applications of emulsions or emollients in personal care products.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-09-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.4185
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1039/B717303B
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1039/B405750C
Abstract: The interaction force between a rigid silica sphere and a butyl or octyl acetate droplet was measured in an aqueous environment using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The force measurements were performed without added stabilizers and the observed force behavior was found to be dependent on the type of inorganic electrolyte present, where the interfacial tension was constant over the electrolyte concentration range used. Force measurements in the presence of sodium nitrate showed repulsion at all concentrations. Force measurements in the presence of calcium nitrate or sodium perchlorate exhibited an initial repulsion followed by an attraction resulting in a mechanical instability in the AFM cantilever, termed jump-in. The force behavior observed was independent of the water solubility of the organic liquid, in that the same force-distance characteristics were obtained for slightly water soluble butyl acetate and the water sparingly soluble octyl acetate droplets. Modeling of the drop profile during particle-droplet interactions for this type of AFM measurement showed that the force-distance data for the sodium nitrate system obeys typical DLVO interactions. The disagreement between the DLVO predictions for the sodium perchlorate and calcium nitrate systems is attributed to a specific ion effect at the liquid-liquid interface, which gives rise to an attraction force that is greater than the electrostatic double layer repulsion over the length scale of 5 to 10 nm.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2014
Abstract: Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are responsible for maintaining the transparency of the human cornea. Loss of CECs results in blindness, requiring corneal transplantation. In this study, fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel films (PHFs) for the regeneration and transplantation of CECs is described. The 50-μm thin hydrogel films have similar or greater tensile strengths to human corneal tissue. Light transmission studies reveal that the films are >98% optically transparent, while in vitro degradation studies demonstrate their biodegradation characteristics. Cell culture studies demonstrate the regeneration of sheep corneal endothelium on the PHFs. Although sheep CECs do not regenerate in vivo, these cells proliferate on the films with natural morphology and become 100% confluent within 7 d. Implantation of the PHFs into live sheep corneas demonstrates the robustness of the films for surgical purposes. Regular slit l examinations and histology of the cornea after 28 d following surgery reveal minimal inflammatory responses and no toxicity, indicating that the films are benign. The results of this study suggest that PHFs are excellent candidates as platforms for the regeneration and transplantation of CECs as a result of their favorable biocompatibility, degradability, mechanical, and optical properties.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2015
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.4502
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-12-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-06-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JE500204V
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-09-2011
DOI: 10.1021/IE200335A
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-01-2004
DOI: 10.1021/BM0343040
Abstract: While biodegradable, biocompatible polyesters such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are popular materials for the manufacture of tissue engineering scaffolds, their surface properties are not particularly suitable for directed tissue growth. Although a number of approaches to chemically modify the PLGA surface have been reported, their applicability to soft tissue scaffolds, which combine large volumes, complex shapes, and extremely fine structures, is questionable. In this paper, we describe two wet-chemical methods, base hydrolysis and aminolysis, to introduce useful levels of carboxylic acid or primary and secondary amine groups, respectively, onto the surface of PLGA with minimal degradation. The effects of temperature, concentration, pH, and solvent type on the kinetics of these reactions are studied by following changes in the wettability of the PLGA using contact angle measurements. In addition, the treated surfaces are studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the effect on the surface chemical structure. Furthermore, we show using XPS analysis that these carboxyl and amine groups are readily activated to allow the covalent attachment of biological macromolecules.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-01-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-09-2022
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.17413
Abstract: Drop sizes were investigated and measured in a Karr column. A stagewise population balance model was presented considering drop breakage and coalescence. The same breakage mechanisms observed in the single drop study were also found in column. The breakage probability model was selected by comparing the model from single drop study and the widely used models. Model parameters were calculated based on a two‐step optimization method. The results showed that the drop sizes decreased with an increase in reciprocating intensity, but changed slightly with phase velocities. The predicted drop sizes were compared to the experimental data in previous studies and good agreement was achieved. Finally, the population balance model along with some existing correlations were compared with the experimental data. It was found that the population balance model and correlations with the low agitation term provided better predictions of drop sizes in the Karr column. Transport Phenomena and Fluid Mechanics: Karr column, drop size distribution, population balance model, parameter optimization.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Japan Association of Ion Exchange
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.5182/JAIE.18.570
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Publisher: Japan Association of Ion Exchange
Date: 2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-11-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-03-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-06-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-04-2010
DOI: 10.1002/APP.32148
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2008
DOI: 10.1002/POLB.21521
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-05-2011
DOI: 10.1021/ES200590M
Abstract: The hydration of CO(2) plays a critical role in carbon capture and geoengineering technologies currently under development to mitigate anthropogenic global warming and in environmental processes such as ocean acidification. Here we reveal that borate catalyzes the conversion of CO(2) to HCO(3)(-) via the same fundamental mechanism as the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is responsible for CO(2) hydration in the human body. In this mechanism the tetrahydroxyborate ion, B(OH)(4)(-), is the active form of boron that undergoes direct reaction with CO(2). In addition to being able to accelerate CO(2) hydration in alkaline solvents used for carbon capture, we hypothesize that this mechanism controls CO(2) uptake by certain saline bodies of water, such as Mono Lake (California), where previously inexplicable influx rates of inorganic carbon have created unique chemistry. The new understanding of CO(2) hydration provided here should lead to improved models for the carbon cycle in highly saline bodies of water and to advances in carbon capture and geoengineering technology.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2005
DOI: 10.1081/SS-200056001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1995
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 07-07-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2017.12.033
Abstract: Liquid Marbles were produced by rolling aqueous droplets on a powder bed of biodegradable polymers, namely polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and blends of these. Solvent vapor treatment was subsequently applied with dichloromethane (DCM). This treatment aligned the polymer chains in order to form a smooth polymeric shell with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. Whilst a wide range of potential applications for Liquid Marbles exists, the aim here is to encapsulate a solution containing a fertilizer, i.e. urea to produce a controlled release fertilizer. The influences of droplet volume, polymer particle size and solvent vapor treatment time on the liquid marble properties were investigated. Crystallinity and thermal properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), surface characteristics and shell thickness by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical strength and elasticity by compression tests and evaporation rates by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-015-4438-2
Abstract: A permeable reactive barrier (PRB) was installed during 2005/2006 to intercept, capture and degrade a fuel spill at the Main Power House, Casey Station, Antarctica. Here, evaluation of the performance of the PRB is conducted via interpretation of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations, degradation indices and most probable number (MPN) counts of total heterotroph and fuel degrading microbial populations. Results indicate that locations which contained the lowest TPH concentrations also exhibited the highest levels of degradation and numbers of fuel degrading microbes, based on the degradation indices and MPN methods selected. This provides insights to the most appropriate reactive materials for use in PRB's in cold and nutrient-limited environments.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1205/PSEP.04296
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-10-2008
DOI: 10.1021/IE071425Y
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-03-2011
DOI: 10.1002/AIC.12610
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-10-2007
DOI: 10.1021/IE070689H
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-05-2001
DOI: 10.1021/LA001301P
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-02-2008
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.B.31080
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-08-1999
DOI: 10.1081/SS-100100774
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-05-1999
DOI: 10.1021/LA981543D
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-03-2014
DOI: 10.1021/IE4036498
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.01.127
Abstract: A reliance on diesel generated power and a history of imperfect fuel management have created a legacy of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination at subantarctic Macquarie Island. Increasing environmental awareness and advances in contaminant characterisation and remediation technology have fostered an impetus to reduce the environmental risk associated with legacy sites. A funnel and gate permeable bio-reactive barrier (PRB) was installed in 2014 to address the migration of Special Antarctic Blend diesel from a spill that occurred in 2002, as well as older spills and residual contaminants in the soil at the Main Power House. The PRB gate comprised of granular activated carbon and natural clinoptilolite zeolite. Petroleum hydrocarbons migrating in the soil water were successfully captured on the reactive materials, with concentrations at the outflow of the barrier recorded as being below reporting limits. The nutrient and iron concentrations delivered to the barrier demonstrated high temporal variability with significant iron precipitation observed across the bed. The surface of the granular activated carbon was largely free from cell attachment while natural zeolite demonstrated patchy biofilm formation after 15 months following PRB installation. This study illustrates the importance of informed material selection at field scale to ensure that adsorption and biodegradation processes are utilised to manage the environmental risk associated with petroleum hydrocarbon spills. This study reports the first installation of a permeable bio-reactive barrier in the subantarctic.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-03-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1017/S0032247406005109
Abstract: Permeable reactive barriers are used to adsorb contaminants from soil water. Their fillings are granular materials whose stability under freezing conditions has not been demonstrated. In this research, three granular materials (activated carbon, raw clinoptilolite and a nutrient amended clinoptilolite) were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles at different moisture conditions, in order to simulate their use in permeable reactive barriers in areas of freezing ground. The μm fraction, which will potentially accumulate grain fragments, showed no change for the carbon, but an increase from ∼1% to ∼3% abundance by volume for the clinoptilolite with modes at 100–200 μm. SEM images show cracks in the zeolite grains, forming fragments of the size observed in the particle size data. These findings may have implications for the long-term permeabilities of reactive barriers operated in areas of freezing ground.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-02-2012
DOI: 10.1021/LA204272U
Abstract: Polymeric stabilizers are used in a broad range of processes and products, from pharmaceuticals and engine lubricants to formulated foods and sh oos. In rigid particulate systems, the stabilization mechanism is attributed to the repulsive force that arises from the compression of the polymer coating or "steric brush" on the interacting particles. This mechanism has dictated polymer design and selection for more than thirty years. Here we show, through direct measurement of the repulsive interactions between immobilized drops with adsorbed polymers layers in aqueous electrolyte solutions, that the interaction is a result of both steric stabilization and drop deformation. Drops driven together at slow collision speeds, where hydrodynamic drainage effects are negligible, show a strong dependence on drop deformation instead of brush compression. When drops are driven together at higher collision speeds where hydrodynamic drainage affects the interaction force, simple continuum modeling suggests that the film drainage is sensitive to flow through the polymer brush. These data suggest, for drop sizes where drop deformation is appreciable, that the stability of emulsion drops is less sensitive to the molecular weight or size of the adsorbed polymer layer than for rigid particulate systems.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-03-2011
DOI: 10.1021/IE102019U
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-04-2007
DOI: 10.1021/IE0615436
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-02-2010
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-01-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-01-2003
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-08-2003
DOI: 10.1021/LA0270237
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00216-009-2855-0
Abstract: The development of techniques to study the liquid-liquid interface is a major challenge. Spectroscopy in all its forms provides a powerful method of investigation, especially when combined with other optical techniques. Over the last 30 years, there have been significant developments in the methods for studying heterogeneous interfaces. As technology progresses, the sensitivity of existing techniques has been improved but there are major challenges still to be met, such as the measurement of interfacial dielectric constant and viscosity. This paper aims to summarise the use of spectroscopy to study molecular interactions at the liquid-liquid interface.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-04-2009
DOI: 10.1021/IE801537G
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2007
DOI: 10.1002/0471238961.120917211215.A01.PUB2
Abstract: Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extracting, is a well‐established separation technique that depends on the unequal distribution of a solute between two immiscible liquids. The initial feed liquid containing the solute is brought into contact with a solvent that is selected to have a greater affinity for the solute. The partition of the solute can be enhanced by adding a chemical extractant to the solvent this practice is widespread in the hydrometallurgical and nuclear industries. Most industrial extractors operate continuously with countercurrent flow of the two phases. In mixer–settlers, the phases are contacted as a well‐agitated dispersion of drops, which are then sent to settling tanks for phase disengagement. In extraction columns, the dispersed drops move countercurrently against the flow of the second (continuous) phase. The physics, chemistry, and practice of extraction, with brief descriptions of important industrial extraction processes and equipment, are presented. Research on hydrodynamic aspects of process design, eg, axial mixing, drop dispersion, and coalescence, is reviewed. New extraction techniques, eg, membrane extraction, supercritical exctraction, and two‐phase aqueous extraction, are discussed.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-12-0005
DOI: 10.1021/LA051927L
Abstract: The initial reaction rates of the extraction of nickel(II) by 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime (HNAPO) in a two-phase oil/water system was measured using a total internal reflectance static transfer cell. A two-step reaction mechanism between nickel(II) and HNAPO was found to satisfactorily explain the observed initial reaction rate (R(int)). The addition of neutral surfactants, nonionic octaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether and zwitterionic n-dodecyldimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, decreased R(int), which could be accounted for with a competitive surface adsorption model. The presence of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate accelerated and then decelerated R(int), while the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride caused a decrease. The effects of these charged surfactants were accounted for using a combination of a competitive surface adsorption model and the Boltzmann distribution of charged species.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-11-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2012
Publisher: Tsinghua University Press
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2005.12.015
Abstract: The in vitro and in vivo degradation properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds produced by two different technologies-thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), and solvent casting and particulate leaching (SCPL) were compared. Over 6 weeks, in vitro degradation produced changes in SCPL scaffold dimension, mass, internal architecture and mechanical properties. TIPS scaffolds produced far less changes in these parameters providing significant advantages over SCPL. In vivo results were based on a microsurgically created arteriovenous (AV) loop sandwiched between two TIPS scaffolds placed in a polycarbonate chamber under rat groin skin. Histologically, a predominant foreign body giant cell response and reduced vascularity was evident in tissue ingrowth between 2 and 8 weeks in TIPS scaffolds. Tissue death occurred at 8 weeks in the smallest pores. Morphometric comparison of TIPS and SCPL scaffolds indicated slightly better tissue ingrowth but greater loss of scaffold structure in SCPL scaffolds. Although advantageous in vitro, large surface area:volume ratios and varying pore sizes in PLGA TIPS scaffolds mean that effective in vivo (AV loop) utilization will only be achieved if the foreign body response can be significantly reduced so as to allow successful vascularisation, and hence sustained tissue growth, in pores less than 300 microm.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-12-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-12-2008
DOI: 10.1021/LA7032059
Abstract: Here we introduce a simple and effective experimental approach to measuring the interaction forces between two small bubbles (approximately 80-140 microm) in aqueous solution during controlled collisions on the scale of micrometers to nanometers. The colloidal probe technique using atomic force microscopy (AFM) was extended to measure interaction forces between a cantilever-attached bubble and surface-attached bubbles of various sizes. By using an ultrasonic source, we generated numerous small bubbles on a mildly hydrophobic surface of a glass slide. A single bubble picked up with a strongly hydrophobized V-shaped cantilever was used as the colloidal probe. S le force measurements were used to evaluate the pure water bubble cleanliness and the general consistency of the measurements.
Publisher: PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO.
Date: 11-2004
DOI: 10.1142/P181
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1995
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-08-2006
DOI: 10.1021/IE060390J
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-12-2007
DOI: 10.1021/JP076215D
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2005
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2013
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-02-2005
DOI: 10.1021/LA048014W
Abstract: A model to calculate the interfacial concentration of competing surface active species in a two-phase oil/water system was developed. To enable the calculation of the surface excess of 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime (HNAPO, active ingredient of LIX 84) in the presence of surfactants competing for interfacial area, an interfacial adsorption competition model was derived for noninteracting surface active species in a n-heptane/aqueous system, assuming ideal enthalpy and entropy of mixing. The model was found to be valid for HNAPO in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or dodecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium (DDSA). In the case of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) or octa(ethylene glycol) mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E8) as the competing surfactants with HNAPO, the predicted surface excess values from the model fit less favorably. The difference was shown to not be due to nonideal entropy of mixing.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2005
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-02-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.1021/JP904495E
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1996
Abstract: The diffusion of 8-hydroxyquinoline from an aqueous phase into an organic phase and vice versa has been measured using a static transfer cell. The total change in concentration in either phase can be accurately predicted by considering one-dimensional diffusion in the plane normal to the oil/water interface. It was found that any turbulent mixing that occurs during the initiation of the experiment dies out in the first few minutes. The relevance of this technique to the study of metal ion extraction from an aqueous phase into an organic phase is discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1996
Abstract: A study of the kinetics of Cu2+ extraction by 7-(4-ethyl-1-methyloctyl)8-hydroxyquinoline (Kelex 100) has been undertaken in a static transfer cell, where the total concentration of the Cu2+-Kelex 100 complex in the organic phase is monitored in situ as the reaction proceeds using attenuated total internal reflectance spectroscopy. The temporal characteristics of the extraction of Cu2+ from water into heptane could be accounted for using a simple one-dimensional diffusion model coupled with a reaction-limited interaction between Cu2+ and Kelex 100. Rate constants for the reaction of Kelex 100 and Cu2+ at a model interface were obtained from stopped flow experiments using a neutral micelle (C12E8) system. These rate constants were used to model the reaction between Cu2+ and Kelex 100 at the heptane-water interface.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2016.03.095
Abstract: Nitrogen deficiency has been identified as the main inhibiting factor for biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in low nutrient environments. This study examines the performance of ammonium exchanged zeolite to enhance biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons migrating in soil water within laboratory scale flow cells. Biofilm formation and biodegradation were accelerated by the exchange of cations in soil water with ammonium in the pores of the exchanged zeolite when compared with natural zeolite flow cells. These results have implications for sequenced permeable reactive barrier design and the longevity of media performance within such barriers at petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites deficient in essential soil nutrients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-10-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-04-2008
DOI: 10.1021/IE071623P
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1163/156856206776374142
Abstract: In this study, we investigate the fabrication of 3D porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds using the thermally-induced phase separation technique. The current study focuses on the selection of alternative solvents for this process using a number of criteria, including predicted solubility, toxicity, removability and processability. Solvents were removed via either vacuum freeze-drying or leaching, depending on their physical properties. The residual solvent was tested using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A large range of porous, highly interconnected scaffold architectures with tunable pore size and alignment was obtained, including combined macro- and microporous structures and an entirely novel 'porous-fibre' structure. The morphological features of the most promising poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds were analysed via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray micro-computed tomography in both two and three dimensions. The Young's moduli of the scaffolds under conditions of temperature, pH and ionic strength similar to those found in the body were tested and were found to be highly dependent on the architectures.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1997
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2004
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.30126
Abstract: One of the most important functions of artificial three-dimensional (3D) polymeric scaffolds is to serve as a physical support to provide tissues with an appropriate architecture for in vitro cell culture as well as in vivo tissue regeneration. The production of three-dimensional (3D) polymeric scaffolds with tailored macroporous architecture is thus a crucial step in promoting controlled vascularization and tissue growth within host environments. In this study, 3D poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds were manufactured by a thermally induced phase-separation (TIPS) technique. By controlling the quenching strategy, 3D interconnected PLGA scaffolds with tunable pore size and alignment were obtained and characterized with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A series of numerical heat-transfer models were established in an effort to describe the cooling process within the PLGA freezing regime. Among them, a two-dimensional (2D) solidification model has proved to be the most successful in describing the quenching of the polymer solution and has the potential to be used to infer the various 3D macroporous architectures created from different quenching conditions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-06-2010
DOI: 10.1021/LA1012473
Abstract: Dynamic force measurements have been made between an oil drop and a silica particle in surfactant and sucrose solutions with viscosities that range up to 50 times that of water. These conditions provide variations in the shear rate and the relative time scales of droplet deformation and hydrodynamic drainage in a soft matter system. The results obtained indicate that soft deformable boundaries have a natural response that limits the maximum shear rate that can be sustained in thin films compared to shear rates that can be attained in films bounded by rigid boundaries. In addition, to extend boundary slip studies on rigid surfaces, we use a smooth deformable droplet surface to probe the dependence of the boundary slip on fluid viscosity without the added complications of surface roughness or heterogeneity. Imposing a Navier slip model to characterize possible slip at the deformable oil-sucrose solution interface gives results that are consistent with a slip length of no larger than 10 nm over the range of solution viscosity studied, although an immobile (zero slip length) condition at the oil-sucrose solution interface is perfectly adequate. In high viscosity solutions, cantilever motion at high scan rates induces a significant cantilever deflection. A method has been developed to account for this effect in order to extract the correct dynamic force between the deformable drop and the particle.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-07-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.121244
Abstract: This work assesses the potential of electrochemical technologies for the treatment of groundwaters contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Specific consideration was given to deployment in Antarctic regions where numerous fuel spills have occurred over the last two centuries, and resources and manual labour for remediation efforts are limited. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene, was a used as a model contaminant and was treated with low-cost, active carbon electrodes to promote the active chlorine degradation pathway. Results showed that 20 mg/L naphthalene solutions could be treated to sufficient standards in less than 3 h of treatment, and that the formation of toxic and chlorinated by-products is not an issue of concern if the appropriate timeframes are used (4 h of treatment). The effects of the applied current (0-160 mA) and electrolyte concentration (0.01-0.1 M NaCl) were evaluated and a dynamic kinetic model proposed and found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The energy consumption is an important limitation in remote environmental regions where resources are scarce. It was found that an energy usage of 104 kW h/kg of naphthalene removed could be achieved.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.626.681
Abstract: The synthesis of biocompatible hydrogel based on poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and ethylene diamine (EDA) using epoxy-amine chemistry was conducted. PEG was chosen as the base material (or monomer) to synthesise hydrogels in this study due to its high hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and low toxicity properties. The effects of mole ratios of EDA to PEGDGE on the hydrogel scaffolds properties (i.e., gelling time, swelling) were investigated. It was found out for hydrogel scaffolds prepared at 1.2 and 1.4 M [PEGDG and an EDA/PEGDGE mol ratio of 0.5 in DMSO gave the optimum hydrogel properties. Swelling studies has confirmed that hydrogel prepared at 0.5 mole ratios consist of highly cross-linked network as expected.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.12.133
Abstract: A field trial was conducted at Casey Station, Antarctica to assess the suitability of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) media sequence for the remediation of sites containing both hydrocarbon and heavy metal contamination. An existing PRB was modified to assess a sequence consisting of three sections: (i) Nutrient release/hydrocarbon sorption using ZeoPro™ and granular activated carbon (ii) Phosphorus and heavy metal capture by granular iron and sand (iii) Nutrient and excess iron capture by zeolite. The media sequence achieved a greater phosphorus removal capacity than previous Antarctic PRB configurations installed on site. Phosphorus concentrations were reduced during flow through the iron/sand section and iron concentrations were reduced within the zeolite section. However, non-ideal flow was detected during a tracer test and supported by analysis of media and liquid s les from the second summer of operation. Results indicate that the PRB media sequence trialled might be appropriate for other locations, especially less environmentally challenging contaminated sites.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 07-06-2010
Abstract: The interaction between moving bubbles, vapor voids in liquid, can arguably represent the simplest dynamical system in continuum mechanics as only a liquid and its vapor phase are involved. Surprisingly, and perhaps because of the ephemeral nature of bubbles, there has been no direct measurement of the time-dependent force between colliding bubbles which probes the effects of surface deformations and hydrodynamic flow on length scales down to nanometers. Using ultrasonically generated microbubbles (∼100 μm size) that have been accurately positioned in an atomic force microscope, we have made direct measurements of the force between two bubbles in water under controlled collision conditions that are similar to Brownian particles in solution. The experimental results together with detailed modeling reveal the nature of hydrodynamic boundary conditions at the air/water interface, the importance of the coupling of hydrodynamic flow, attractive van der Waals–Lifshitz forces, and bubble deformation in determining the conditions and mechanisms that lead to bubble coalescence. The observed behavior differs from intuitions gained from previous studies conducted using rigid particles. These direct force measurements reveal no specific ion effects at high ionic strengths or any special role of thermal fluctuations in film thickness in triggering the onset of bubble coalescence.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-07-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2013
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-03-2011
DOI: 10.1021/JF104397W
Abstract: Prebiotic galactosyl oligosaccharides (GOS) are produced from lactose by the enzyme β-galactosidase. It is widely reported that the highest GOS levels are achieved when the initial lactose concentration is as high as possible however, little evidence has been presented to explain this phenomenon. Using a system composed of the commercial β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans known as Biolacta FN5, lactose and sucrose, the relative contribution of water activity, and substrate availability were assessed. Oligosaccharide levels did not appear to be affected by changes in water activity between 1.0 and 0.77 at a constant lactose concentration. The maximum oligosaccharide concentration increased at higher initial concentrations of lactose and sucrose, while initial reaction rates for transfer increased but remained constant for hydrolysis. This suggests that the high oligosaccharide levels achieved at the raised initial saccharide concentration are due to increases in reactions that form oligosaccharides rather than decreases in concurrent reactions, which degrade oligosaccharides. There were different effects from changing the initial concentration of lactose compared to sucrose, suggesting that the ability of lactose to act as a donor saccharide may be more important for increasing maximum oligosaccharide concentrations than the combined ability of both saccharides to act as galactosyl acceptors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-03-2015
DOI: 10.1002/POLB.23689
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-09-2013
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-02-2008
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105709
Abstract: Variations in the mechanical properties of nominally identical V-shaped atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers sourced from the same silicon nitride wafer have been quantified by measuring the spring constants, resonant frequencies and quality factors of 101 specimens as received from the manufacturer using the thermal spectrum method of Hutter and Bechhoefer. The addition of thin gold coatings always lowers the resonant frequency but the corresponding spring constant can either increase or decrease as a result. The observed broad spread of spring constant values and the lack of correlations between the resonant frequency and spring constant can be attributed in part to the non-uniformity of composition and material properties in the thinnest dimension of such cantilevers which arise from the manufacturing process. The effects of coatings are dictated by the competing influence of differences in mass density and Young's modulus between the silicon nitride and the gold coating. An implication of this study is that cantilever calibration methods based on the assumption of uniformity of material properties of the cantilever in the thinnest dimension are unlikely to be applicable for such cantilevers.
Publisher: Japan Association of Ion Exchange
Date: 2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-10-2009
DOI: 10.1021/EF9001082
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-10-2001
DOI: 10.1021/LA0103968
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1990
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-03-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-02-2014
DOI: 10.1021/IE403836E
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2023
Publisher: Japan Association of Ion Exchange
Date: 2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Japan Association of Ion Exchange
Date: 2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1021/LA701568R
Abstract: Recent advances in atomic force microscopy (AFM) force measurement techniques have allowed the direct measurement and theoretical interpretation of the interaction between a liquid droplet and a solid surface or between two liquid droplets. In this study, we investigated the interaction across an aqueous thin film between fluorocarbon (perfluoropentane) droplets, hydrocarbon (tetradecane) droplets, and a droplet and a flat mica surface in the absence of stabilizers. It was found that even at a relatively elevated electrolyte concentration of 0.1 M NaNO3, depending on the solution pH, interactions between two identical droplets or a droplet and a mica surface could be repulsive. A simple theoretical analysis of the magnitude and range of these interactive forces suggests that the DLVO theory cannot explain the observed behavior. The measured force behavior is discussed in the context of ion adsorption, and the arising charging effects, at the bare oil-water interface.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2014.06.091
Abstract: A permeable bio-reactive barrier (PRB) was installed at Casey Station, Antarctica in 2005/06 to intercept, capture and degrade petroleum hydrocarbons from a decade old fuel spill. A funnel and gate configuration was selected and implemented. The reactive gate was split into five separate cells to enable the testing of five different treatment combinations. Although different treatment materials were used in each cell, each treatment combination contained the following reactive zones: a zone for the controlled release of nutrients to enhance degradation, a zone for hydrocarbon capture and enhanced degradation, and a zone to capture excess nutrients. The materials selected for each of these zones had other requirements, these included not having any adverse impact on the environment, being permeable enough to capture the entire catchment flow, and having sufficient residence time to fully capture migrating hydrocarbons. Over a five year period the performance of the PRB was extensively monitored and evaluated for nutrient concentration, fuel retention and permeability. At the end of the five year test period the material located within the reactive gate was excavated, total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations present on the material determined and particle size analysis conducted. This work found that although maintaining media reactivity is obviously important, the most critical aspect of PRB performance is preserving the permeability of the barrier itself, in this case by maintaining appropriate particle size distribution. This is particularly important when PRBs are installed in regions that are subject to freeze thaw processes that may result in particle disintegration over time.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-10-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2003
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-01-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-08-2005
DOI: 10.1021/JP0511799
Abstract: MCM-48 was surface modified via vapor-phase reactions with hexamethyldisilazane (CH(3)-MCM-48) and 3-aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane (NH(2)-MCM-48). (29)Si NMR confirmed that the resulting materials contained covalently attached trimethylsilane and 3-aminopropyldimethylsilane moieties, both important functionalities for bioseparation applications. The surface coverage was approximately 1.8 and 0.9 groups per nm(2), respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns and the narrow pore size distributions obtained from the gas sorption isotherms showed that the modified materials retained the characteristic pore structure of the underlying MCM-48 material. CH(3)-MCM-48 exhibited significantly improved hydrolytic stability over the unmodified MCM-48 under the aqueous conditions tested, whereas NH(2)-MCM-48 appeared to be less stable than the unmodified MCM-48. The decrease in stability is most likely due to the nature of the attachment of the 3-aminopropyldimethylsilane moiety, where the conversion of surface silanol groups is limited by H bonding with the amino end, leading to a 50% lower surface concentration and resulting in an increased likelihood of nucleophilic attack on the silica surface, enhancing the rate of hydrolysis. Hexamethyldisilazane thus appears to be a superior functional group for modifying the MCM-48 surface.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2014.02.019
Abstract: The development of suitable scaffolds plays a significant role in tissue engineering research. Although scaffolds with promising features have been produced via a variety of innovative methods, there are no fully synthetic tissue engineering scaffolds that possess all the desired properties in one three-dimensional construct. Herein, we report the development of novel polyester poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) sponges that display many of the desirable scaffold characteristics. Our novel synthetic approach utilizes acidchloride/alcohol chemistry, whereby the reaction between a hydroxyl end-functionalized 4-arm PEG and sebacoyl chloride resulted in cross-linking and simultaneous hydrogen chloride gas production, which was exploited for the in situ formation of highly interconnected pores. Variation of the fabrication conditions, including the precursor volume and concentration, allowed the pore size and structure as well as the compressive properties to be tailored. The sponges were found to possess excellent elastic properties, preserving their shape even after 80% compressive strain without failure. The benign properties of the sponges were demonstrated in an in vivo subcutaneous rat model, which also revealed uniform infiltration of vascularized tissue by 8 weeks and complete degradation of the sponges by 16 weeks, with only a minimal inflammatory response being observed over the course of the experiments.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2014
DOI: 10.1002/JCTB.4318
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 03-12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTSONCH.2004.05.007
Abstract: Ultrafiltration (UF) of whey is a major membrane based process in the dairy industry. However, commercialization of this application has been limited by membrane fouling, which has a detrimental influence on the permeation rate. There are a number of different chemical and physical cleaning methods currently used for cleaning a fouled membrane. It has been suggested that the cleaning frequency and the severity of such cleaning procedures control the membrane lifetime. The development of an optimal cleaning strategy should therefore have a direct implication on the process economics. Recently, the use of ultrasound has attracted considerable interest as an alternative approach to the conventional methods. In the present study, we have studied the ultrasonic cleaning of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes fouled with dairy whey solutions. The effects of a number of cleaning process parameters have been examined in the presence of ultrasound and results compared with the conventional operation. Experiments were conducted using a small single sheet membrane unit that was immersed totally within an ultrasonic bath. Results show that ultrasonic cleaning improves the cleaning efficiency under all experimental conditions. The ultrasonic effect is more significant in the absence of surfactant, but is less influenced by temperature and transmembrane pressure. Our results suggest that the ultrasonic energy acts primarily by increasing the turbulence within the cleaning solution.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2014
DOI: 10.1002/GHG.1455
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2000
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-09-2008
DOI: 10.1021/LA802206Q
Abstract: A bubble attached to the end of an atomic force microscope cantilever and driven toward or away from a flat mica surface across an aqueous film is used to characterize the dynamic force that arises from hydrodynamic drainage and electrical double layer interactions across the nanometer thick intervening aqueous film. The hydrodynamic response of the air/water interface can range from a classical fully immobile, no-slip surface in the presence of added surfactants to a partially mobile interface in an electrolyte solution without added surfactants. A model that includes the convection and diffusion of trace surface contaminants can account for the observed behavior presented. This model predicts quantitatively different interfacial dynamics to the Navier slip model that can also be used to fit dynamic force data with a post hoc choice of a slip length.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1039/B901134J
Abstract: We used atomic force microscopy to study dynamic forces between a rigid silica sphere (radius approximately 45 microm) and a silica nano-particle super-hydrophobic surface (SNP-SHS) in aqueous electrolyte, in the presence and absence of surfactant. Characterization of the SNP-SHS surface in air showed a surface roughness of up to two microns. When in contact with an aqueous phase, the SNP-SHS traps large, soft and stable air pockets in the surface interstices. The inherent roughness of the SNP-SHS together with the trapped air pockets are responsible for the superior hydrophobic properties of SNP-SHS such as high equilibrium contact angle (> 140 degrees) of water sessile drops on these surfaces and low hydrodynamic friction as observed in force measurements. We also observed that added surfactants adsorbed at the surface of air pockets magnified hydrodynamic interactions involving the SNP-SHS. The dynamic forces between the same silica sphere and a laterally smooth mica surface showed that the fitted Navier slip lengths using the Reynolds lubrication model were an order of magnitude larger than the length scale of the sphere surface roughness. The surface roughness and the lateral heterogeneity of the SNP-SHS hindered attempts to characterize the dynamic response using the Reynolds lubrication model even when augmented with a Navier slip boundary.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 15-10-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1039/C2SM07370F
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-06-2009
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.B.30713
Abstract: An in vivo murine vascularized chamber model has been shown to generate spontaneous angiogenesis and new tissue formation. This experiment aimed to assess the effects of common biological scaffolds on tissue growth in this model. Either laminin-1, type I collagen, fibrin glue, hyaluronan, or sea sponge was inserted into silicone chambers containing the epigastric artery and vein, one end was sealed with adipose tissue and the other with bone wax, then incubated subcutaneously. After 2, 4, or 6 weeks, tissue from chambers containing collagen I, fibrin glue, hyaluronan, or no added scaffold (control) had small amounts of vascularized connective tissue. Chambers containing sea sponge had moderate connective tissue growth together with a mild "foreign body" inflammatory response. Chambers containing laminin-1, at a concentration 10-fold lower than its concentration in Matrigel, resulted in a moderate adipogenic response. In summary, (1) biological hydrogels are resorbed and gradually replaced by vascularized connective tissue (2) sponge-like matrices with large pores support connective tissue growth within the pores and become encapsulated with granulation tissue (3) laminin-containing scaffolds facilitate adipogenesis. It is concluded that the nature and chemical composition of the scaffold exerts a significant influence on the amount and type of tissue generated in this in vivo chamber model.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2015.03.007
Abstract: A series of dynamic-flow kinetic experiments were conducted to assess the removal rates of aqueous Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions by zero-valent iron (ZVI), a promising material for inclusion in cold-climate remediation applications. The influence of experimental parameters on contaminant removal rates, including aqueous flow rate, operating temperature, and the concentrations of ZVI, salt and dissolved oxygen, was investigated. A mass transport model has been developed that accounts (i) aqueous-phase dispersion processes, (ii) film diffusion of contaminant ions to the reactive ZVI surface and (iii) the reactive removal mechanism itself. Regression to the experimental data indicated that when oxygen is present in the solution feed Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) removal processes were limited by film diffusion. In de-aerated solutions film diffusion still controls Cu(2+) removal but a first-order surface reaction provides a better model for Zn(2+) kinetics. Using air as the equilibrium feed gas, the reactive proportion of the total surface area for contaminant removal was calculated to be 97% and 64% of the active spherically-assumed geometric area associated with ZVI media for Cu(2+) and Zn(2+), respectively. Relative to a gas absorption area, determined in previous studies, the reactive proportion is less than 0.41% of the unreacted ZVI total surface area. These findings suggest that only part of the iron oxyhydroxide surface is reacting during ZVI based metal contaminant removal.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-04-2006
DOI: 10.1021/BM060044L
Abstract: Although poly(alpha-hydroxy esters), especially the PLGA family of lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymers, have many properties which make them promising materials for tissue engineering, the inherent chemistry of surfaces made from these particular polymers is problematic. In vivo, they promote a strong foreign-body response as a result of nonspecific adsorption and denaturation of serum proteins, which generally results in the formation of a nonfunctional fibrous capsule. Surface modification post-production of the scaffolds is an often-utilized approach to solving this problem, conceptually allowing the formation of a scaffold with mechanical properties defined by the bulk material and molecular-level interactions defined by the modified surface properties. A promising concept is the so-called "blank slate": essentially a surface that is rendered resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption but can be readily activated to covalently bind bio-functional molecules such as extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors or polysaccharides. This study focuses on the use of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to follow the layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic deposition of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and chitosan onto PLGA surfaces rendered positively charged by aminolysis, to form a robust, protein-resistant coating. We further show that this surface may be further functionalized via the covalent attachment of collagen IV, which may then be used as a template for the self-assembly of basement membrane components from dilute Matrigel. The response of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts to these surfaces was also followed and shown to closely parallel the results observed in the QCM.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-01-2003
DOI: 10.1021/CM0116018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOMATERIALS.2010.05.008
Abstract: Highly porous and biodegradable hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and cystamine (Cys) were fabricated using epoxy-amine chemistry and investigated as scaffolds for soft-tissue engineering. Whereas the application of fused-salt templates provided a comprehensive interconnecting pore morphology, the incorporation of a specially designed poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) cross-linker provided enhanced mechanical function without adversely effecting the scaffolds positive biological interactions. The addition of only 1.2 wt% of the PCL cross-linker was sufficient to provide improvements in the ultimate stress of 30-40%. In vitro studies not only confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of the scaffolds, but also their degradation products, which were isolated and characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI ToF MS). In vivo trials were conducted over a period of 8 weeks through implantation of the scaffolds into the dorsal region of rats. At both 2 and 8 week time points the explants revealed complete infiltration by the surrounding tissue and the development of a vascular network to support the newly generated tissue, without an excessive foreign-body response.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-05-2015
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.LANGMUIR.5B01020
Abstract: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a native enzyme that facilitates the hydration of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions. This study reports the fabrication of thin films of active CA enzyme onto a porous membrane substrate using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Deposition of multilayer films consisting of polyelectrolytes and CA was monitored by quartz crystal microgravimetry, while the enzymatic activity was assayed according to the rates of p-nitrophenylacetate (p-NPA) hydrolysis and CO2 hydration. The fabrication of the films onto a nonporous glass substrate showed CO2 hydration rates of 0.52 ± 0.09 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of bovine CA and 2.6 ± 0.7 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of a thermostable microbial CA. The fabrication of a multilayer film containing the microbial CA on a porous polypropylene membrane increased the hydration rate to 5.3 ± 0.8 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of microbial CA. The addition of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a film layer prior to enzyme adsorption was found to increase the activity on the polypropylene membranes even further to a rate of 19 ± 4 μmol cm(-2) min(-1) per layer of microbial CA. The LbL treatment of these membranes increased the mass transfer resistance of the membrane but decreased the likelihood of membrane pore wetting. These results have potential application in the absorption of carbon dioxide from combustion flue gases into aqueous solvents using gas-liquid membrane contactors.
Start Date: 2001
End Date: 12-2002
Amount: $900,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 11-2006
End Date: 06-2009
Amount: $31,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 03-2004
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $305,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2002
End Date: 12-2006
Amount: $338,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2012
End Date: 12-2014
Amount: $365,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2009
End Date: 04-2013
Amount: $420,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2009
End Date: 07-2012
Amount: $121,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 11-2007
End Date: 11-2008
Amount: $345,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 10-2006
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $213,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2008
End Date: 06-2012
Amount: $640,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2002
End Date: 12-2005
Amount: $300,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $160,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 11-2007
End Date: 12-2011
Amount: $350,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 11-2016
End Date: 11-2019
Amount: $305,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2015
End Date: 12-2018
Amount: $383,762.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 12-2006
Amount: $406,385.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 12-2019
Amount: $420,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 06-2004
End Date: 06-2008
Amount: $70,668.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 04-2003
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $138,198.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 09-2017
End Date: 03-2021
Amount: $420,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2011
End Date: 12-2015
Amount: $295,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 10-2010
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $340,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2011
End Date: 02-2016
Amount: $835,200.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 02-2012
End Date: 02-2013
Amount: $150,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2005
End Date: 12-2005
Amount: $932,870.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2004
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $10,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2007
End Date: 12-2008
Amount: $370,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 12-2013
End Date: 12-2016
Amount: $300,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2004
End Date: 06-2005
Amount: $445,124.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 05-2008
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $588,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2009
End Date: 06-2010
Amount: $300,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2002
End Date: 12-2003
Amount: $260,876.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2012
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $300,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 11-2018
End Date: 12-2021
Amount: $466,072.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 10-2009
End Date: 12-2010
Amount: $690,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity