ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2817-0488
Current Organisation
University of Wollongong
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Nanotechnology | Nanotechnology | Materials Engineering | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Other Electronic Engineering | Electrical and Electronic Engineering | Functional Materials | Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Condensed Matter; Superconductivity | Heat And Mass Transfer Operations | Condensed Matter Physics | Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified | Condensed Matter Physics—Electronic And Magnetic Properties; | Condensed Matter Characterisation Technique Development | Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications) | Electrochemistry | Manufacturing Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Metals and Alloy Materials | Interdisciplinary Engineering | Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells) | Electronic and magnetic properties of condensed matter; superconductivity | Condensed matter physics | Manufacturing engineering | Ceramics | Manufacturing processes and technologies (excl. textiles) | Functional materials | Communications Technologies | Electrical Engineering | Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified | Optics And Opto-Electronic Physics | Solid State Chemistry | Biomaterials | Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy | Nanophotonics | Tribology | Mining engineering | Nanoscale Characterisation | Climatology (Incl. Palaeoclimatology) | Optical Physics not elsewhere classified | Nanomaterials | Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Engineering Instrumentation | Antennas and Propagation | Condensed Matter Modelling and Density Functional Theory | Microwave and Millimetrewave Theory and Technology | Nanofabrication, Growth and Self Assembly
Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Scientific instrumentation | Computer hardware and electronic equipment not elsewhere classified | Conservation and efficiency | Integrated systems | Energy Transformation not elsewhere classified | Energy storage | Integrated circuits and devices | Physical sciences | Renewable energy not elsewhere classified (e.g. geothermal) | Other | Other | Energy Conservation and Efficiency not elsewhere classified | Renewable Energy not elsewhere classified | Solar-thermal electric | Solar-photoelectric | Machinery and Equipment not elsewhere classified | Ceramics, Glass and Industrial Mineral Products not elsewhere classified | Fabricated Metal Products not elsewhere classified | Ceramics, glass and industrial mineral products not elsewhere classified | Energy Storage (excl. Hydrogen) | Integrated Circuits and Devices | Inorganic industrial chemicals | Ceramics | Energy storage and distribution | Energy transformation | Renewable energy | Electricity transmission | Metals (composites, coatings, bonding, etc.) | Medical instrumentation | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Industrial Energy Conservation and Efficiency | Communication services not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Scientific Instruments |
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-02-2012
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-08-1996
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-07-1986
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-11-1991
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-06-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4984961
Abstract: We demonstrate a mechanism of efficiently transforming surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) into Cherenkov terahertz (THz) radiation. In a structure where multilayer graphene is deposited on a dielectric substrate with a buffer layer, the energy of the SPPs can be significantly enhanced. The dispersion of SPPs crosses the light line of the substrate if the buffer layer has a low permittivity relative to the substrate. As a result, the SPPs can be readily transformed into radiation without the need of wavevector compensation. Compared to the radiation from structures without graphene, the radiation power density is enhanced by nearly three orders of magnitude due to the field enhancement of SPPs. Our results could provide a promising way for developing room temperature, tunable, coherent, and intense THz radiation sources to cover the entire THz regime.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP07872
Abstract: Ratchet is a device that produces direct current of particles when driven by an unbiased force. We demonstrate a simple scattering quantum ratchet based on an asymmetrical quantum tunneling effect in two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction (R2DEG). We consider the tunneling of electrons across a square potential barrier sandwiched by interface scattering potentials of unequal strengths on its either sides. It is found that while the intra-spin tunneling probabilities remain unchanged, the inter-spin-subband tunneling probabilities of electrons crossing the barrier in one direction is unequal to that of the opposite direction. Hence, when the system is driven by an unbiased periodic force, a directional flow of electron current is generated. The scattering quantum ratchet in R2DEG is conceptually simple and is capable of converting a.c. driving force into a rectified current without the need of additional symmetry breaking mechanism or external magnetic field.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-09-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2783203
Abstract: The authors demonstrate that the Rashba spin-orbit interaction in low-dimensional semiconductors can enhance or reduce the electron-phonon scattering rate by as much as 25%. The underlying mechanism is that the electron-phonon scattering phase space for the upper (lower) Rashba band is significantly enhanced (suppressed) by the spin-orbit interaction. While the scattering time decreases for the upper level, the mobility of the level increases due to an additional term in the electron velocity.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 23-04-2018
DOI: 10.1063/1.5024777
Abstract: WTe2 is a unique material in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides and it has been proposed as a candidate for type-II Weyl semimetals. However, thus far, studies on the optical properties of this emerging material have been significantly hindered by the lack of large-area, high-quality WTe2 materials. Here, we grow a centimeter-scale, highly crystalline WTe2 ultrathin film (∼35 nm) by a pulsed laser deposition technique. Broadband pump-probe spectroscopy (1.2–2.5 μm) reveals a peculiar ultrafast optical response where an initial photo-bleaching signal (lasting ∼3 ps) is followed by a long-lived photoinduced absorption signature. Nonlinear absorption characterization using femtosecond pulses confirms the saturable absorption response of the WTe2 ultrathin films, and we further demonstrated a mode-locked Thulium fiber laser using a WTe2 absorber. Our work provides important insights into linear and nonlinear optical responses of WTe2 thin films.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-07-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4927512
Abstract: The effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling on the nonlinear optical conductivity in a bilayer graphene is investigated. We demonstrate the very different role played by the Rashba term and interlayer hopping in some cases, the two roles can be quite opposite. It is found that the Rashba term can either enhance or suppress the nonlinear effect in a bilayer graphene, depending on the strength of the interlayer hopping. For a weak interlayer hopping, the Rashba term can significantly enhance the nonlinear effect. An analytical result was derived, showing the interplay of the Rashba effect and the interlayer hopping effect.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 13-12-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3527934
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 18-09-2006
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3615795
Abstract: The energy-loss rate of a fast particle in graphene is studied. The energy-loss rate always increases with increasing incident particle energy, which is quite unusual when compared to electron gas in normal metal. Graphene exhibits a “discriminating” behavior where there exists a low energy cut-off below which the scattering process is strictly forbidden, leading to lossless traverse of an external particle in graphene. This low energy cutoff is of the order of nearest neighbor hopping bandwidth. Our results suggest that backscattering is also absent in the external particle scattering of graphene.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2001
Publisher: American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR)
Date: 10-12-2015
DOI: 10.3174/AJNR.A4607
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2003
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 20-03-1989
DOI: 10.1063/1.100739
Abstract: In this letter we present for the first time the observation of quantum-confined transitions of a short-period sawtooth doping superlattice in photocurrent and luminescence. The luminescence was investigated with different laser intensities. Due to the nature of the band modulation of sawtooth doping superlattices, the resonant energies for optical transitions are dependent on the intensity of the laser beam. We present a model, which incorporates both the Kronig–Penney energy dispersion and the self-consistent intensity-dependent internal field to explain the observed energy shift. Furthermore, the differences between photocurrent and luminescence measurements are discussed.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-01-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-09-2016
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 03-11-2020
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.403512
Abstract: We analyze the Kerr index, associated critical power, and focal length for nodal semimetals in a Weyl, Dirac, and gapped semimetal phase. Our model produces a Kerr index of 10 − 15 − 10 − 20 m 2 / W in the micro-meter wavelength range. Novel dependence of the Kerr index, critical power, and focal length on temperature, chemical potential, bandgap, and node separation are readily obtained through our model and show that the tunability of the non-linear response of a nodal semimetal persists in its focusing phenomenon.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 24-01-2005
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-10-2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3251074
Abstract: We evaluate the effect of stretching on the optical conductance of graphene. It is found that the low energy (Dirac regime) isotropy that leads to the “universal conductance” is lost. More significantly, due to the loss of C3 symmetry, a nonzero Hall conductance emerges for stretching along chiral directions, reaching a maximum at a stretching angle of 45°, and being as high as σ0=e2/4ℏ at van Hove singular point for bond angle changes of about 2°. Our results indicate that the optical properties of graphene can be tuned by a weak mechanical deformation.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-07-2020
DOI: 10.1063/5.0011059
Abstract: We study the effect of quantum reflection over the barrier (ROB) in a thermionic cooling device. We find that the performance of refrigerators can be enhanced by the ROB effect if the bias voltage and the lattice thermal resistance of the semiconductor in the barrier region are both sufficiently high. Furthermore, the figure of merit ZT can be higher due to the ROB effect if the workfunction of the cathode is low and the lattice thermal resistance is high. The overall optimum ZT calculated with and without the ROB effect are 6.5 and 7.1, respectively. The origin of the ROB correction to ZT is that the quantum reflection becomes asymmetric for the carrier transport in opposite directions.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-01-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.572434
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-1988
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 26-01-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.572438
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-05-2012
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-11-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2817405
Abstract: The gate-controllable Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) magnetic interaction between the magnetic impurities embedded in one- and two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling was analyzed theoretically. By using the eigenfunctions of the single-particle Rashba Hamiltonian as the basis of second quantization, we derived the RKKY interaction by fully taking into account the spin-orbit interaction. The dependence of the RKKY magnetic interaction on the Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength was obtained numerically. Our results clearly indicate that the RKKY interaction can be significantly modified by an applied voltage via the Rashba spin-orbit coupling.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 21-10-2008
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/46/465401
Abstract: We demonstrate that due to the Rashba spin-orbit coupling in semiconductor quantum wells, there is strong photo-mixing by mobile carriers in the terahertz frequency regime. The third order nonlinear current is of the same order of magnitude as the linear order current for an electric field intensity of 10(4) V cm(-1) at frequency around 1 THz, a situation easily achievable in a laboratory system. Unlike other nonlinear effects, the nonlinear current density due to the spin-orbit coupling is inversely proportional to the concentration of mobile carriers.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 17-11-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4902411
Abstract: We theoretically studied the frequency-dependent current response of the bulk state of topological insulator HgTe/CdTe quantum well. The optical conductivity is mainly due to the inter-band process at high frequencies. At low frequencies, intra-band process dominates with a dramatic drop to near zero before the inter-band contribution takes over. The conductivity decreases with temperature at low temperature and increases with temperature at high temperature. The transport scattering rate has an opposite frequency dependence in the low and high temperature regime. The different frequency dependence is due to the interplay of the carrier-impurity scattering and carrier population near the Fermi surface.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-08-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-11-2009
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-01-2015
Abstract: Background. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis is the disruption of functional connectivity between cerebrum and cerebellum after hemispheric unilateral brain lesions. In adults and to a lesser extent in children, crossed cerebellar diaschisis has been largely investigated by functional connectivity and demonstrated to influence paretic hand function. Objective. We aim to demonstrate a disruption in structural corticopontocerebellar (CPC) connectivity in children with congenital brain lesions and examine its correlation with paretic hand motor function. Methods. Thirty-six children (Manual Ability Classification System: I, n = 21 II, n = 15) with unilateral brain lesions and 18 controls were analyzed in a case-control study, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired at 3T. High angular resolution diffusion imaging probabilistic tractography was employed for the region of interest–based reconstruction of CPC tracts. To identify statistical differences in structural cerebrocerebellar connectivity between case and control groups, an asymmetry index based on the number of streamlines of CPC tracts was used. In the case group, the correlation between asymmetry index and hand function measures was also determined. Results. Projections through the middle cerebellar peduncle to the contralateral cerebral cortex showed greater asymmetry in children with congenital unilateral brain lesion compared to controls ( P = .03), thus indicating a disruption of structural cerebrocerebellar connectivity. The degree of asymmetry index showed a correlation ( P .03 r = −0.31) with impaired hand abilities in bimanual tasks. Conclusions. Disruption of structural cerebrocerebellar connectivity is present in patients with congenital unilateral brain injury and might be related to impaired hand function in bimanual skills, with potential implication in tailoring early intervention strategies.
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2355288
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-12-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 15-04-1998
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-02-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4790847
Abstract: The energy-loss rate (ELR) of a charged particle in a two-dimensional semiconductor with Rashba spin-orbit coupling is studied. Our model takes into account of the temperature and density dependence of the electronic properties of the Rashba system. The energy and temperature dependence of the ELR are presented. It is found that a finite Rashba spin-orbit coupling offers a mechanism of tuning the mean scattering time in narrow-gap semiconductors. With a change of Rashba parameter of around 3 times, the mean scattering time can change by one to two orders of magnitude.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-11-2012
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/48/485303
Abstract: We demonstrate that the trigonal warping observed in bilayer graphene is doubled in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit (RSO) coupling, i.e. the Dirac points along the three-fold symmetry axis are doubled. There are now seven Dirac points. Furthermore, the RSO interaction breaks the electron-hole symmetry of the magnetic band structure. The most intriguing feature is that the step of the quantum Hall plateau at zero energy is four times that at finite energy. The number of Dirac points and the zero energy Hall step are only determined by the existence of RSO coupling, but are independent of the strength of the coupling. The robustness of these phenomena suggests equivalence between the RSO coupling and the topological effect in bilayer coupling.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1996
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-08-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2344835
Abstract: A fiber-optic temperature sensor based on the interference of selective higher-order modes in circular optical fibers is described. The authors demonstrate that by coupling the LP01 mode in a standard single-mode fiber to the LP0m modes in a multimode fiber, and utilizing the interference of the higher-order modes, a fiber-optic temperature sensor which has an extremely simple structure and is suitable for high-temperature measurements can be constructed. The sensing principle, temperature measurement experiments, and results are presented.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 25-06-2001
DOI: 10.1063/1.1381033
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-06-2012
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-12-1990
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 29-06-1998
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-02-1986
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-04-1991
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-04-2000
DOI: 10.1063/1.481252
Abstract: Electron transport processes of a nanometer metal-conjugated polymer–metal tunnel junction have been probed using a scanning tunneling microscope. The tunnel current of the junction shows two effects. The appearance of an asymmetry in the tunnel current indicates that the junction transport mechanism is different from that for which tunneling occurs directly between two metallic electrodes. Thus, understanding of the asymmetry and hence the transport mechanism demands a detailed description of the metal–polymer interface. By applying the theories of the metal–semiconductor interface to the tunnel junction, we show the presence of an asymmetric electrostatic potential-energy profile, which, together with the metal-induced gap states in the polymer, gives rise to the observed asymmetry in the tunnel current. In some cases, a threshold of anomalously large currents enhances the current asymmetry to give rise to rectification, indicating carrier excitations and carrier multiplication processes in the junction. Our results show that a detailed description of the interface electronic structure is essential to understanding electron transport in devices based on organic molecules.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-02-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 29-05-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2208380
Abstract: The dispersion and intensity of coupled plasma excitation in an electron-hole bilayer with Rashba spin-orbit coupling is calculated. We propose to use the spin-orbit coupling in in idual layers to tune the intensity of two plasmons. The mechanism can be used to develop a two color terahertz source with tunable intensities.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-04-2006
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3622323
Abstract: We demonstrate that the direction of transverse current in graphene nanoribbons under a magnetic field can be tuned with a gate voltage. It is shown that for armchair ribbons there exist extra energy regions where the direction of the Hall current can be switched between positive and negative values. The directional change of the Hall current coincides with the special points where the two lowest energy bands in the spectrum become degenerate (band crossing points). The number of such degenerate points depends on the width of the ribbons. The dependence of the sign reversal on the gate voltage provides a mechanism for tuning transverse response in graphene based devices.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-05-1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-02-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-04-2002
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-11-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4829467
Abstract: The energy loss rate (ELR) of a charged particle in a HgTe/(HgTe, CdTe) quantum well is investigated. We consider scattering of a charged particle by the bulk insulating states in this type of topological insulator. It is found that the ELR characteristics due to the intraband excitation have a linear energy dependence while those due to interband excitation depend on the energy exponentially. An interesting quantitative result is that for a large range of the incident energy, the mean inelastic scattering rate is around a few terahertz.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-1993
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-1997
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-01-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2431444
Abstract: The authors demonstrate that in single-walled carbon nanotubes, a weak impurity potential can lead to a strong above-gap absorption continuum. The total absorption is enhanced due to the intraband and indirect transitions, as well as plasmon excitations, which are forbidden in perfect nanotubes. Such impurity induced absorption is strongly dependent on the size and chirality of the tube.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-02-1997
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-01-2019
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-02-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.582101
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 11-01-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3292026
Abstract: We show that for graphene with any finite asymmetry in the on-site energy between the two sublattices (Δ), the optical absorption edge is determined by the Δ. The universal conductance will be broken and the conductance near the band edge varies with frequency as 1/ω2. The onset conductance is σc=2σ0=πe2/2h, independent of the size of the band gap. The total integrated optical response is nearly conserved despite of the opening of the band gap. Moreover, near the band edge, there is a change over of the electrical resistivity from temperature independent to a linear temperature dependence.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 10-01-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-06-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 16-03-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-01-1994
DOI: 10.1063/1.356445
Abstract: The Hartree–Fock treatment of cyclotron resonance (CR) [see A. H. MacDonald, J. Phys. C 18, 1003 (1985)] is generalized by including the correlation contribution to the screening by the electrons. It is found that the CR effective mass m* is an oscillatory function of the magnetic field, which is due to the filling-factor-dependent dynamic screening of the electron-impurity scattering. It is demonstrated that as the Landau levels are depleted with increasing magnetic field, m* has a maximum at half-filling. Similar behavior has also been found in CR absorption of the two-dimensional electron gas in a high-mobility heterostructure.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4922261
Abstract: We demonstrate a concept that allows direct excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by a moving electron bunch above a single layer graphene sheet deposited on a dielectric substrate without any additional coupling requirements. We show that if the two-dimensional current in the graphene is dominated by the third order nonlinear effect when the surface electric field exceeds a moderate strength of ∼5 kV/cm, the SPP mode can cross the light line although the group velocity remains much smaller than the speed of light. This effect gives rise to direct transformation of SPPs into radiation. The underlying mechanism of the crossing of the SPP dispersion into the light line is the energy shift of charged particles in the nonlinear regime and the finite transport scattering time in graphene. Both the energy and lifetime of the SPPs increase with the field intensity. The radiation intensity and frequency can be tuned with an AC bias.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 16-06-2008
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-09-2020
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 24-10-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5123398
Abstract: We calculate the heat transfer from electronic devices based on three-dimensional Dirac materials without and with thermionic cooling. Without thermionic cooling, the internal temperature of the devices is at best equal to and usually higher than the temperature of the surrounding environment. However, when thermionic cooling is employed to transport heat, the internal temperature can be considerably lower than the environmental temperature. In the proposed thermionic cooling process, the energy efficiency can be as high as 75% of the Carnot efficiency.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-11-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2001
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-11-1987
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-07-1993
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF02396210
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-09-2012
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/45/39/395303
Abstract: The optical response of a Kronig–Penney type graphene superlattice is investigated. When an external field is applied along the periodicity of the superlattice, the total optical response of the graphene superlattice is enhanced due to the formation of anisotropic Dirac fermions. Such anisotropy tunes up the total optical spectra while maintaining the same critical electric field regardless of the degree of anisotropy. The optical conductance of anisotropic Dirac fermions exhibits two contrasting behaviours: (i) inversely proportional to the anisotropy and (ii) directly proportional to the anisotropy, depending on the direction of the external field. Interestingly, the anisotropy-induced optical conductance enhancement also occurs in gapped graphene with band structure anisotropy. This suggests that the enhanced electron–photon couplings in the presence of anisotropy is a general feature of the relativistic nature of the Dirac fermions in both massless and massive form. It is also revealed that the strong optical nonlinearity is a consequence of the relativistic nature of the Dirac fermions and the Dirac cone isotropy is not required.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 11-1995
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 20-08-2013
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-08-2016
DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.020461
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-06-1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-11-2005
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-01-1992
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 13-08-2020
DOI: 10.1063/5.0007139
Abstract: We theoretically investigate the thermionic emission from nodal-ring semimetals. The thermionic emission is found to be anisotropic in the x- and y-directions. The anisotropic emission can be enhanced by increasing the radius of nodal-ring b. The main feature of nodal-ring semimetals not only results in anisotropic thermionic emission but also affects the value of thermionic emission current density (TECD). The TECD of the lower branch of the energy–momentum dispersion increases with b, while the TECD of the upper branch decreases with b. Unlike in conventional materials, the TECD in nodal-ring semimetals depends on Fermi energy that is similar to the situation in Dirac semimetals. The underlined reason is that Dirac semimetals and nodal-ring semimetals have a linear or a linear-like energy–momentum dispersion while conventional materials have a parabolic energy–momentum dispersion. The TECD of nodal-ring semimetals depends strongly on work function and temperature.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2001
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 02-11-2018
Abstract: We observed electronic Kagome lattice and possible nontrivial electronic flat band in twisted multilayer silicene at 77 K.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-06-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2206855
Abstract: We calculate the photon absorption coefficient of hot two-dimensional electrons in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The electrons interact strongly with the optical phonons and the acoustic phonons in quantum wells. The dependence of the optical absorption on the magnetic field is obtained by using the quantum mechanical kinetic theory. It is found that the photon absorption spectrum displays a local magnetophonon resonance. The magnetophonon absorption resulting from inelastic scattering between Landau levels is more pronounced at higher temperature. The effect of subband nonparabolicity on the absorption coefficient is also discussed.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 24-01-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3549201
Abstract: We report that for graphene with a finite band gap (such as semihydrogenated graphene or graphene with spin-orbit coupling), there exists a strong nonlinear optical response for energies lower than the band gap where the linear response is forbidden. At low temperatures, the nonlinear current in graphene with a gap is much stronger than that in gapless graphene. Our result suggests that semihydrogenated graphene can have a unique potential as a two-color nonlinear material in the terahertz frequency region. The relative intensity of the two colors can be tuned with the electric field.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 27-05-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5098045
Abstract: We study the effect of a strong and low frequency (ω & Δ, the superconducting gap) electrical field on a superconducting state. It is found that the superconducting gap decreases with the field intensity and wavelength. The physical mechanism for this dependence is the multiphoton absorption by a superconducting electron. By constructing the state of a superconducting electron dressed by photons, we determined the dependence of the superconducting gap on E/ω and temperature. We show that the critical temperature is determined by the parameter E/ω which is distinct from that induced by the heating effect. The result is consistent with experimental findings. This result can be applied to study terahertz nonlinear superconducting metamaterials.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-12-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.638419
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 23-07-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2760040
Abstract: The nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor quantum wells driven by intense in-plane terahertz electric fields are investigated theoretically by employing the extended semiconductor Bloch equations. The dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect of the optical absorption near the band edge is analyzed with Coulomb correlation among the carriers included. The in-plane terahertz field induces a variety of behavior in the absorption spectra, including terahertz replicas of the (dark) 2p exciton and terahertz sidebands of the 1s exciton. The dependence of these interesting features on the intensity, frequency, and phase of the terahertz field is explored in detail.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-07-2018
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-07-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2964093
Abstract: We demonstrate that the optical response of graphene nanoribbons in the terahertz to far-infrared regime can be significantly enhanced and tuned by an applied magnetic field. The dependence of the threshold frequency on the magnetic field is studied. The ribbons with the strongest terahertz conductance under a magnetic field are those with one-dimensional massless Dirac Fermion energy dispersion. For a given ribbon, there exists an optimal field under which the conductance resonance can occur at the lowest frequency.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 29-11-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.756018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-08-1996
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3647783
Abstract: By employing a self-consistent approach, we reveal a number of unique properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons under crossed electric and magnetic fields: (1) a very strong electrical polarization along the transverse direction of the ribbon, and (2) a strong nonlinear Hall current under a rather moderate electrical field. At the field strength of 5000 V/cm, the ratio of the nonlinear current to the linear current is around 1 under an applied magnetic field of 7.9 T. Our results suggest that graphene nanoribbons are an ideal system to achieve a large electrical polarizability. Our results also suggest that the nonlinear effect in graphene nanoribbons has been grossly underestimated without the self-consistent scheme proposed here.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-10-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2012
DOI: 10.1038/SREP01013
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-07-2005
DOI: 10.1063/1.1977191
Abstract: It is shown that the equations for electrical current in solid-state thermionic and thermoelectric devices converge for devices with a width equal to the mean free path of electrons, yielding a common expression for the intensive electronic efficiency in the two types of devices. This result is used to demonstrate that the material parameters for thermionic and thermoelectric refrigerators are equal, rather than differing by a multiplicative factor as previously thought.
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.500.62
Abstract: We demonstrate that bilayer graphene exhibits strong nonlinear optical response in the terahertz frequency regime. The electric field strength required to generate single-frequency and triple-frequency nonlinear optical responses comparable to the linear optical response is only moderate and can be easily achieved in laboratory. This strong nonlinear optical response persists even in room temperature. This suggests that bilayer graphene can potentially be utilized in nonlinear terahertz photonics.
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1364/OL.43.001187
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 11-09-2012
DOI: 10.1142/S0217984912501746
Abstract: We investigate the optical conductivity of a two-dimensional semiconductor with Rashba spin-orbit coupling subject to an external sinusoidal potential. Using Fourier series, we obtain quantitative results on the band structure of this system. The periodic potential can be treated as a perturbation of the Rashba Hamiltonian, with the induced band gap at degeneracy point being linear with the potential strength. The optical conductance displays a number of interesting features, namely the presence of multiple tunable resonances that originate from a k-shift of band extrema.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-06-2021
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-02-2007
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-10-1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 14-11-1988
DOI: 10.1063/1.100339
Abstract: The frequency-dependent transmission coefficient of a particle tunneling through a time-dependent barrier is calculated taking into account the quantum interference effect. We consider a rectangular barrier of height V0 with a time-dependent modulation of single frequency ω. For small modulation litude V1, our result is exact up to order V21 for any barrier width. In the low transmission region, our result is consistent with those obtained using a semiclassical method. We find that quantum interference (two modulation quanta process) makes a significant contribution to the tunneling current. In the static approximation, ωτ≪1, where τ is the barrier transit time, the contribution to the current from interference process is to cancel one-half of the tunneling current from first-order process (one modulation quantum process). To the lowest order in power series of V1/ℏω, the tunneling current is reduced due to interference.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 21-07-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-06-1988
DOI: 10.1063/1.99592
Abstract: We report an investigation of photocurrent response in a sawtooth doping superlattice which is composed of alternating n(Si) and p(Be) δ-doping layers with undoped GaAs layers (7–15 nm) between them. A selective contact method is used to measure the interesting behavior of the subband gap compared with the gap of the host semiconductor. The photocurrent is finite even when the photon energy is below the gap of GaAs and can be varied by applying a bias voltage between the n and p contacts. The observed phenomena can be explained by a generalized Franz–Keldysh model which takes into account the finite voltage drop inside the s le.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 24-03-2023
DOI: 10.1063/5.0143436
Abstract: We demonstrate that a topological nodal ring system driven by an off-resonant laser can be tuned between the semimetal phase and the insulator phases, including Weyl semimetal, semi-Dirac semimetal, and normal insulator phases. The controlling parameters are the disorder induced energy shift and the driving laser frequency. We further show that there exists a close correlation between the low energy spectrum and the low frequency conductivity. From the frequency dependence of conductivity components, one can deduce the anisotropic energy dispersion along different directions. This result offers a convenient optical method to tune and characterize electronic properties of nodal ring systems.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-1989
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-05-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4879017
Abstract: Although surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resonance in graphene can be tuned in the terahertz regime, transforming such SPPs into coherent terahertz radiation has not been achieved. Here, we propose a graphene-based coherent terahertz radiation source with greatly enhanced intensity. The radiation works at room temperature, it is tunable and can cover the whole terahertz regime. The radiation intensity generated with this method is 400 times stronger than that from SPPs at a conventional dielectric or semiconducting surface and is comparable to that from the most advanced photonics source such as a quantum cascade laser. The physical mechanism for this strong radiation is presented. The phase diagrams defining the parameters range for the occurrence of radiation is also shown.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-1988
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-1994
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-08-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 22-06-2023
DOI: 10.1063/5.0153026
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been widely explored for high-performance energy conversion applications. The Thomson effect—a higher order transport process—plays an important role in thermoelectric devices, yet its effect on the performance of thermionic devices remains unknown thus far. Here, we investigate the performance of thermionic refrigeration in vertically stacked heterostructure (VHS) and laterally stitched heterointerface (LHS) composed of a graphene and a 2D semiconductor (i.e., MoS2 and WSe2) in the presence of the Thomson effect. Using a temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficient, we derived the analytical expressions of the cooling efficiency and the effective ZT. We shall show that the Thomson effect improves the coefficient of performance (COP) by up to 20%, particularly, in the case where the temperature difference between the cold and the hot electrodes is large. However, the Carnot efficiency decreases with the temperature difference. The overall COP is reduced by the Thomson effect. We calculate the COP in graphene/MoS2/graphene and graphene/WSe2/graphene VHS and LHS devices. We show that the LHS composed of WSe2 significantly outperforms the VHS and MoS2 counterpart. These findings provide an understanding of thermionic processes in the higher-order transport regime and shall offer insights into the design of novel 2D material heterostructure thermionic energy converters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-07-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2227049
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP16059
Abstract: Terahertz (THz) radiation can revolutionize modern science and technology. To this date, it remains big challenges to develop intense, coherent and tunable THz radiation sources that can cover the whole THz frequency region either by means of only electronics (both vacuum electronics and semiconductor electronics) or of only photonics (lasers, for ex le, quantum cascade laser). Here we present a mechanism which can overcome these difficulties in THz radiation generation. Due to the natural periodicity of 2π of both the circular cylindrical graphene structure and cyclotron electron beam (CEB), the surface plasmon polaritions (SPPs) dispersion can cross the light line of dielectric, making transformation of SPPs into radiation immediately possible. The dual natural periodicity also brings significant excellences to the excitation and the transformation. The fundamental and hybrid SPPs modes can be excited and transformed into radiation. The excited SPPs propagate along the cyclotron trajectory together with the beam and gain energy from the beam continuously. The radiation density is enhanced over 300 times, up to 10 5 W/cm 2 . The radiation frequency can be widely tuned by adjusting the beam energy or chemical potential. This mechanism opens a way for developing desired THz radiation sources to cover the whole THz frequency regime.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-1988
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-07-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4927512
Abstract: The effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling on the nonlinear optical conductivity in a bilayer graphene is investigated. We demonstrate the very different role played by the Rashba term and interlayer hopping in some cases, the two roles can be quite opposite. It is found that the Rashba term can either enhance or suppress the nonlinear effect in a bilayer graphene, depending on the strength of the interlayer hopping. For a weak interlayer hopping, the Rashba term can significantly enhance the nonlinear effect. An analytical result was derived, showing the interplay of the Rashba effect and the interlayer hopping effect.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-12-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.5007818
Abstract: The refractive index of LiNiO2 thin films is complex and exhibits both dielectric and metallic properties. With LiNiO2 thin films coated on or inserted in photonic crystals (PCs), it is possible to enhance the absorptance in the designed (AB)nLiNiO2(BA)m PC structures. One-way absorption in the photonic bandgap of (AB) PCs has been observed via changing the optical transmitting direction. The positions, width, and strength of the absorption peaks depend on the thickness of the LiNiO2 films, the incident angles, and the transverse electric/transverse magnetic modes. The photonic band structure can be employed to determine the allowed and forbidden photonic modes and the related optical properties for (AB) PC and (AB)nLiNiO2 PCs. These novel absorption characteristics can enrich the optoelectric properties of LiNiO2 thin films.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-04-2023
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-06-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5086085
Abstract: By employing optical pump Terahertz (THz) probe spectroscopy, a three dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetal, Cd3As2 film, was investigated systematically at room temperature. After photoexcitation at 400/800 nm, the rise time of photoenhanced THz photoconductivity (PC) is about ∼1.0 ps, increasing slightly with the pump fluence, in which time scale, photoexcited electrons and holes establish separate Fermi distribution with electrons in the conduction band and holes in the valence band via fast carrier-carrier scattering and carrier-phonon coupling. The subsequent THz PC relaxation shows single exponential decay with a time constant of ∼6.0 ps that is independent of pump fluence. The relaxation process is dominated by the electron-hole recombination via a radiative and nonradiative way, which is mediated by the phonon-phonon scattering. The optically induced THz complex PC can be well fitted with the Drude-Smith model. Our experimental results shed light on understanding the photocarrier dynamics of the 3D Dirac semimetal materials at THz frequency.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-11-2005
DOI: 10.1063/1.2137445
Abstract: The dependence of the intersubband absorption spectra on the Coulomb interaction and quantum well (QW) width is studied. Rather than following the Fermi–Dirac distribution, we have solved the intersubband equations of motion to determine the subband population self-consistently. We have gone beyond the linear absorption theory to show the effect of various many-body interactions on the absorption spectra. It is found that the redistribution of electrons in excited states reduces the absorption. Our results indicate that the line shape and peak position are determined by the interplay of different collective excitations, such as the Fermi edge singularity and the intersubband plasmon. The dependence of the absorption spectrum on the QW width and the subband effective masses is also discussed.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-11-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-06-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-05-1991
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-01-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 30-10-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.5006277
Abstract: Three dimensional (3D) topological materials have a linear energy dispersion and exhibit many electronic properties superior to conventional materials such as fast response times, high mobility, and chiral transport. In this work, we demonstrate that 3D Dirac materials also have advantages over conventional semiconductors and graphene in thermionic applications. The low emission current suffered in graphene due to the vanishing density of states is enhanced by an increased group velocity in 3D Dirac materials. Furthermore, the thermal energy carried by electrons in 3D Dirac materials is twice of that in conventional materials with a parabolic electron energy dispersion. As a result, 3D Dirac materials have the best thermal efficiency or coefficient of performance when compared to conventional semiconductors and graphene. The generalized Richardson-Dushman law in 3D Dirac materials is derived. The law exhibits the interplay of the reduced density of states and enhanced emission velocity.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 08-08-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4892674
Abstract: Due to quantum interference, light can transmit through dense atomic media, a phenomenon known as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We propose that EIT is not limited to light transmission and there is an electronic analog where resonant transparency in charge transport in an opaque structure can be induced by electromagnetic radiation. A triple-quantum-dots system with Λ-type level structure is generally opaque due to the level in the center dot being significantly higher and therefore hopping from the left dot to the center dot is almost forbidden. We demonstrate that an electromagnetically induced electron transparency (EIET) in charge of transport can indeed occur in the Λ-type system. The direct evidence of EIET is that an electron can travel from the left dot to the right dot, while the center dot apparently becomes invisible. We analyze EIET and the related shot noise in both the zero and strong Coulomb blockade regimes. It is found that the EIET (position, height, and symmetry) can be tuned by several controllable parameters of the radiation fields, such as the Rabi frequencies and detuning frequencies. The result offers a transparency/opaque tuning technique in charge transport using interfering radiation fields.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1990
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 05-04-2019
DOI: 10.1364/OE.27.011137
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-06-1989
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 16-07-2012
DOI: 10.1063/1.4737898
Abstract: The effects of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) doping in n-type Bi2Te3 bulk s les on the electrical and thermal transport properties have been studied. Bi2Te3 s les doped with 0–5 wt. % SWCNTs were fabricated using solid state reaction and investigated using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and magneto transport measurements. Results show that the 0.5% doping results in the significant enhancement of the Seebeck coefficience to as high as −231.8 μV/K, giant magneto resistance of up to 110%, reduction of thermal conductivity, and change of sign of the Seebeck coefficient from n to p type depending on the doping level and temperature. The figure of merit, ZT, of the optimum SWCNT doped Bi2Te3 was increased by 25%–40% over a wide temperature range compared to the undoped s le.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2003
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-08-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4985688
Abstract: The hot-carrier relaxation dynamics of Cd3As2 thin films has been investigated by using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy in a transmission geometry. A comparative study of degenerate and non-degenerate experiments reveals that hot-carrier distribution in Cd3As2 is established with a time constant of ∼400 fs. Significantly, the broadband measurements allow the extraction of the time evolution of electron temperature and the carrier-phonon coupling factor g = 5.3 × 1015 W m−3 K−1 is deduced by a semiclassical two-temperature model. These results provide fundamental insights into the hot-carrier dynamics of Cd3As2.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-10-1992
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 20-01-2004
DOI: 10.1063/1.1635974
Abstract: The optical absorption spectra in a quantum well driven both by an intense terahertz (THz) and by an optical pulse are theoretically investigated within the theory of density matrix. We found that the optical absorption spectra and the splitting of the excitonic peaks splitting can be controlled by changing the THz field intensity and/or frequency. The Autler–Towns splitting is a result of the THz nonlinear dynamics of confined excitons, which is in agreement with the experiments. In addition, the dependence of the optical absorption on the quantum well width and the carrier density is also discussed.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-12-2013
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-10-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4991431
Abstract: In this work, using the transfer-matrix method, the optical transport process is investigated, with graphene inserted into multilayer dielectric structures, theoretically and numerically in the THz regime. When the incident frequency is lower than the graphene Fermi energy, the optical intra-band transitions provide the main contribution to the graphene surface current. The absorptance can be enhanced to about 50% with only one graphene/dielectric layer in air. When increasing the number of dielectric layers coated with graphene, the absorption increases. Periodic absorption peaks are observed in multilayer structures. The positions of the absorption peaks as a function of the frequency and the incident angle are in accordance with the positions of the abrupt change in the reflection coefficient phase and of the imaginary solution of the Bloch wavevector in expanding periodic structures using Bloch theorem.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2014
DOI: 10.1038/SREP03780
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 07-01-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4775732
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 16-11-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4936232
Abstract: We demonstrate optical bistability in a prism-air-graphene-dielectric structure. Under a moderate electric field in the terahertz frequency regime, the third order nonlinear optical conductivity is comparable to the linear conductivity. The nonlinear conductivity enhances the energy of surface plasmon polaritons. Both the energy and frequency of the surface plasmon polaritons depend on the strength of the nonlinear current in the graphene layer. When considering excitation in the Kretschmann configuration, the reflectance as a function of frequency exhibits bistability. The origin of the bistability is the field dependence of the plasmon mode. We have determined the parameter regime for the occurrence of bistability in this structure.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 22-12-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-07-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-11-2019
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 09-10-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2361263
Abstract: The authors analyzed the thermionic cooling efficiency of the cylindrical semiconductor nanostructures. It is shown that due to the reduced emission current from the inner electrode, the cooling efficiency can be enhanced if the outer cylinder is the cold electrode. The threshold voltage for thermionic cooling is lower in cylindrical devices as compared to that in planar devices. The competition between the heat transport by electrons and the heat conduction by phonons is responsible for the efficiency enhancement and the voltage reduction.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-03-2012
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/45/12/125301
Abstract: N-type bismuth telluride sulfide has received attention as a potential thermoelectric material due to its large thermopower and ability to form solid solutions with bismuth antimony sulfide. Here, we fabricated an n-type tetradymite BiSbSTe 2 by solid-state reaction. The crystal structure was found to be rhombohedral, and the thermoelectric properties were measured for the temperature range 50–390 K. A high Seebeck coefficient of −190 µV K −1 was achieved at 385 K. The electronic structure of BiSbSTe 2 was investigated using first-principles calculations and compared with its parent counterpart (Bi 2 STe 2 ). The results have shown that BiSbSTe 2 is a narrow band-gap semiconductor. For the first time, we have demonstrated that the vacancies in substitutional atomic sites, which can be altered through different fabrication techniques, can determine the charge carrier nature of tetradymite thermoelectrics. As a proof of concept, we have shown that the vacancies in antimony sites result in a p-type compound while a sulfur deficiency produces an n-type phase with lower electrical conductivity.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-07-2006
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-12-1997
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 25-03-2004
DOI: 10.1117/12.521175
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 07-01-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-06-1989
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2019
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 24-08-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4929754
Abstract: Without breaking the topological order, HgTe/CdTe quantum wells can have two types of bulk band structure: direct gap type (type I) and indirect gap type (type II). We report that the strong nonlinear optical responses exist in both types of bulk states under a moderate electric field in the terahertz regime. Interestingly, for the type II band structure, the third order conductivity changes sign when chemical potentials lies below 10 meV due to the significant response of the hole excitation close to the bottom of conduction band. Negative nonlinear conductivities suggest that HgTe/CdTe quantum wells can find application in the gain medium of a laser for terahertz radiation. The thermal influences on nonlinear optical responses of HgTe/CdTe quantum wells are also studied.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 22-04-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4803072
Abstract: We demonstrate an electromagnetically induced electron transparency (EIET) in electron transport through a coupled triple-quantum-dots system under two radiation fields. The direct evidence of EIET is that an electron can travel from the left dot to the right dot without any effect from the center dot. The EIET (position, height, and symmetry) can be tuned by several controllable parameters of the radiation fields, such as the Rabi frequencies and detuning frequencies. The result offers a resonant transport tuning technique using radiation fields.
Publisher: Physical Society of Japan
Date: 15-10-2016
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-07-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3462972
Abstract: We show that the optical responses of a graphene pn junction is dominated by nonlinear intraband and interband processes. At the experimentally relevant electric field intensity, nonlinear conductance is an order of magnitude larger than the linear conductance. Furthermore, the total conductance is negative in the terahertz to far infrared regime. The negative conductance provides a unique mechanism for photon generation in graphene and could be used for developing coherent terahertz radiation sources.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-09-2009
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/40/405203
Abstract: We investigate the dependence of the optical conductivity of bilayer graphene (BLG) on the intra and interlayer interactions using the most complete model to date. We show that the next nearest neighbor intralayer coupling introduces new features in the low energy spectrum significantly changing the 'universal' conductance. Further, its interplay with interlayer couplings leads to an anisotropy in the conductance in the ultraviolet range. We propose that experimental measurement of the optical conductivity of intrinsic and doped BLG will provide a good benchmark for the relative importance of intra and interlayer couplings at different doping levels.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-04-2010
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 29-08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-06-2021
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-11-2012
DOI: 10.1063/1.4768781
Abstract: We reveal that topological insulators (TI) HgTe/CdTe quantum well have a strong nonlinear optical property in the three-photon mixing. While the gapless surface state in TI can exhibit strong nonlinear effect due to the linear energy dispersion, the nonparabolic energy dispersion of the bulk state is responsible for the photo mixing effect reported here. To produce response at terahertz frequency regime from femtosecond electrical fields, the mixing efficiency is around 10−4 comparable to that of nonlinear semiconductor crystals. The optimal temperature for this nonlinear effect is around 100 K. The results suggest a potential application of TI in terahertz photonics.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-02-1996
DOI: 10.1063/1.116545
Abstract: In this letter, we present a theoretical study on terahertz (THz) acoustic-phonon emission in AlxGa1−xAs parabolic quantum-well structures in parallel magnetic fields. Our theoretical results show that (i) the generation of acoustic-phonon signals can be enhanced significantly by the in-plane magnetic fields (ii) the strongest acoustic-phonon emission can be observed around a magnetic field where an electronic subband becomes depopulated (iii) the generated acoustic-phonon frequency depends weakly on the magnetic fields and (iv) the presence of an in-plane magnetic field slightly varies the acoustic-phonon emission angle from that at zero magnetic field.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3065523
Abstract: The small signal response and thermal noise spectra in miniband superlattice are investigated. The properties of hot electron differential mobility, velocity fluctuation, and noise temperature are determined around a stationary condition. The field and frequency dependent drift velocity, electron energy, effective mass, and electron temperature are obtained. At low frequencies, noise temperature increases rapidly with the electric field. Our calculated noise temperatures for miniband superlattice are in good agreement with the experimental results, with the s le thickness estimated to be around 4 μm.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 07-02-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3555631
Abstract: We demonstrate that spin-orbit coupling can give rise to a strong terahertz response in metallic armchair bilayer graphene nanoribbons. The combination of the interlayer coupling and the spin-orbit coupling leads to double resonant optical response in the low frequency regime. The frequency separation of the two excitations is tunable with a gate voltage.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11467-014-0443-Z
Abstract: Single molecular shuttle-junction is one kind of nanoscale electromechanical tunneling system. In this junction, a molecular island oscillates depending on its charge occupation, and this charge dependent oscillation leads to modulation of electron tunneling through the molecular island. This paper reviews recent development on the study of current, shot noise and decoherence of electrons in the single molecular shuttle-junction. We will give detailed discussion on this topic using the typical system model, the theory of fully quantum master equation and the Aharonov-Bohm interferometer.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 29-09-1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-01-1993
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-10-2014
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-11-2004
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 07-1994
DOI: 10.1063/1.357054
Abstract: The level width of a quasibound state due to electron tunneling in a double-barrier resonant tunneling structure in an external electric field is investigated. The result for the width rests on the S-matrix resonant tunneling formalism. The inverse lifetime obtained in this manner is free of small parameter expansion and is exactly the width at the half-maximum of the resonant tunneling rate. It is found that for a system exhibiting current bistability, the level broadening of a quasibound state is not a monotonic function of the applied bias and has a minimum at some intermediate field strength.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-07-2019
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-1992
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-06-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3445782
Abstract: The transport properties of a graphene multiquantum well system are investigated numerically using transfer-matrix method. There are transmission gaps for electrons and holes in the transmission spectra at tilted incidence. In the transmission gaps, a few resonant tunneling peaks appear, defined as transmission windows, which are related with the bound states in the quantum wells. Unlike conventional semiconductor nanostructures, the location and the width of the transmission windows are sensitive not only to the quantum well width but also the incident angle. The number of the quantum wells determines the fine structure of the transmission windows. The anisotropic property is affected in the following way: the increase in well width makes the nonzero-transmission incident angle range decrease, and the interference effect is enhanced as the well number increases. Tiny oscillation of the conductance and fine structures in the middle energy range are due to the resonant tunneling induced by the multiquantum well structure. These oscillating features may be helpful in explaining the oscillatory characteristics in experiment.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 30-06-2006
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 27-05-2021
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 21-10-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4827339
Abstract: We demonstrate the topological band-gap dependence of armchair honeycomb nanoribbons in a staggered sublattice potential. A scaling law is presented to quantify the band gap variation with potential strength. All armchair nanoribbons are described by one of three distinct classes depending on their width, consistent with previous classifications, namely, the well known massless Dirac condition, potentially gapless, and gapless-superlattice. The ability to tune and, in all cases close, the band-gap via external probes makes our classification particularly relevant experimentally. We propose several systems in which these results should shed considerable light, which have all already been experimentally realized.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 26-07-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3469941
Abstract: We demonstrate two unusual electronic properties of semihydrogenated graphene with variable sized A- or B-hydrogenated domains within the tight-binding formalism as follows: (i) a universal band gap scaling law which states that the band gap depends linearly upon the ratio of the number of A- to B-hydrogenated atoms, NA/NB, reaching zero gap at NA=NB, but independent of the domain size, and (ii) an insulating state with zero band gap at NA=NB, a rare phenomenon in nature. We confirm this gapless insulator state by the zero optical conductance at low frequencies.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-12-1996
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-03-1992
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2005
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-12-2017
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-11-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5097335
Abstract: The ultrafast optoelectronic response in topological insulators (TIs) has been recognized as one of the keys for applications on quantum computing and high-speed devices, which thus has attracted great attention recently. In this work, we systematically investigate the ultrafast transient terahertz emission excited by femtosecond laser pulses in Bi2Te3 with terahertz emission spectroscopy serving as an ultrafast and contactless detector. The nonlinear terahertz emission surpasses the terahertz emission from the sum of the drift and diffusion current contributions even at oblique incidence with an incident angle up to 70°, manifesting remarkable surface nonlinear effects on TIs. Quantitatively comprehensive microscopic analysis of the nonlinear terahertz emission origins indicates the 120°-periodic azimuth-angle dependence, which reveals a microscopic picture that the nonlinear current flows along the Bi-Te bonds. Our exploration not only enhances the microscopic understanding of the nonlinear responses in TIs on a femtosecond timescale but also lays a foundation for their applications on high-speed and low-power-consumption devices and systems.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-02-2003
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-06-1997
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 22-09-2020
DOI: 10.1063/5.0025078
Abstract: We demonstrate that Weyl semimetals can exhibit intriguing thermionic properties. The emission current varies significantly in systems with different Weyl point separation, the key topological parameter of such materials. The emission is highly anisotropic along directions parallel and perpendicular to the Weyl point separation. For large separations, emission is higher along the perpendicular direction. However, for smaller separations, there exists a changeover temperature at which the dominant emission direction changes from parallel to perpendicular when increasing temperature. The optimal cooling efficiency of a single barrier device can approach 80% of the theoretical limit in the perpendicular direction, 5% greater than a conventional parabolic material. Our results suggest that this class of material has potential applications in thermionic cooling and power generation.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-07-2019
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-03-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2713346
Abstract: It is shown that in two-dimensional semiconductors, the electron-phonon interaction and polaron mass correction are both significantly enhanced by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The mass correction is positive for the upper Rashba branch and negative for the lower Rashba branch. Both Rashba branches have the same polaron binding energy, which is higher than that for systems in the absence of spin-orbit interaction. To the leading order, the correction to the binding energy is proportional to the square of the spin-orbit coupling strength.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-10-2007
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 28-12-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.638394
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 26-01-2022
DOI: 10.1063/5.0076625
Abstract: In a blueprint for topological electronics, edge state transport in a topological insulator material can be controlled by employing a gate-induced topological quantum phase transition. Here, by studying the width dependence of electronic properties, it is inferred that zigzag-Xene nanoribbons are promising materials for topological electronics with a display of unique physical characteristics associated with the intrinsic band topology and the finite-size effects on gate-induced topological switching. First, due to intertwining with intrinsic band topology-driven energy-zero modes in the pristine case, spin-filtered chiral edge states in zigzag-Xene nanoribbons remain gapless and protected against backward scattering even with finite inter-edge overlapping in ultra-narrow ribbons, i.e., a 2D quantum spin Hall material turns into a 1D topological metal. Second, mainly due to width- and momentum-dependent tunability of the gate-induced inter-edge coupling, the threshold-voltage required for switching between gapless and gapped edge states reduces as the width decreases, without any fundamental lower bound. Third, when the width of zigzag-Xene nanoribbons is smaller than a critical limit, topological switching between edge states can be attained without bulk bandgap closing and reopening. This is primarily due to the quantum confinement effect on the bulk band spectrum, which increases the nontrivial bulk bandgap with decrease in width. The existence of such protected gapless edge states and reduction in threshold-voltage accompanied by enhancement in the bulk bandgap overturns the general wisdom of utilizing narrow-gap and wide channel materials for reducing the threshold-voltage in a standard field effect transistor analysis and paves the way toward low-voltage topological devices.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-12-1994
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 18-03-1991
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 10-10-2017
DOI: 10.1364/OE.25.025919
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 10-02-2012
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-02-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1997
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-06-1996
DOI: 10.1063/1.116582
Abstract: In this letter, we propose a mechanism which may cause a strong absorption of terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation in AlGaAs/GaAs-based two-dimensional semiconductor systems. In such systems, the rate of electronic transitions via hot electrons interacting with impurities and phonons is on the scale of 1012 s−1 so that the THz radiation will modify strongly the processes of electron momentum and energy relaxation and, consequently, a resonant absorption of the THz electromagnetic wave may occur. We find that in these s le systems, the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation at different frequencies can be tuned by heating the electrons to different temperatures. Our results can be used for understanding and interpreting the experimental results reported very recently.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-07-1985
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-03-1990
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-04-2018
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-01-2016
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-10-1988
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 15-05-2008
DOI: 10.1063/1.2930875
Abstract: We present a quantitative analysis on orbital magnetization of graphene under a magnetic field. The energy spectra were obtained by solving Harper equation for a honeycomb lattice. The effect of the next-nearest-neighbor hopping (NNNH) is to increase the period of the magnetic subbands in ϕ/ϕ0 from 1 to 6 (where ϕ is the magnetic flux through a unit cell and ϕ0 is the flux quanta). The shifts of the energy levels due to the NNNH vary with the magnetic field. The Holmholtz free energy at the points ϕ/ϕ0=6n+1 is lowered as compared to that with the nearest neighbor hopping only. For graphene nanoribbons, the magnetic susceptibility is very sensitive to the ribbon width and chirality. The zero-field susceptibility increase with the ribbon width.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-12-1995
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-01-2009
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 19-12-2011
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/3/035303
Abstract: We present a systematic investigation of the effect of spin-orbit interaction on optical conductivity in monolayer graphene. Our key findings are: (i) level splitting at various crystal symmetry points caused by true spin as well as pseudospin of the electrons gives rise to a resonant current response (ii) under heavy doping, the spin-orbit interaction leads to a re-entrance of finite conductivity at very low frequency which was strictly forbidden in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (iii) deformation of band structure and the topological properties of trigonal warping are analytically identified in a low-energy conical-like approximation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1993
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 18-09-2019
DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.7.001154
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS14111
Abstract: Pulsed lasers operating in the mid-infrared (3–20 μm) are important for a wide range of applications in sensing, spectroscopy, imaging and communications. Despite recent advances with mid-infrared gain platforms, the lack of a capable pulse generation mechanism remains a significant technological challenge. Here we show that bulk Dirac fermions in molecular beam epitaxy grown crystalline Cd 3 As 2 , a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal, constitutes an exceptional ultrafast optical switching mechanism for the mid-infrared. Significantly, we show robust and effective tuning of the scattering channels of Dirac fermions via an element doping approach, where photocarrier relaxation times are found flexibly controlled over an order of magnitude (from 8 ps to 800 fs at 4.5 μm). Our findings reveal the strong impact of Cr doping on ultrafast optical properties in Cd 3 As 2 and open up the long sought parameter space crucial for the development of compact and high-performance mid-infrared ultrafast sources.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1990
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-11-2021
DOI: 10.1063/5.0071963
Abstract: The electron mobility and the dark resistivity of undoped semi-insulating GaAs have been calculated theoretically over the temperature range from 5 to 500 K by taking into consideration all indispensable scattering processes, screening effects, and impurities compensation action. The two temperature characteristic curves of electron mobility and dark resistivity both exhibit unimodality. The peak value of the mobility as high as 11.4 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1 can be achieved at 27 K, which is more than two orders of magnitude greater than that at 300 K. We analyzed the carrier relaxation rate due to scattering by ionized impurities, acoustic deformation potential, piezoelectric, and polar optical phonons. It is found that the unusually thermal characteristic is dominated by ionized impurity scattering, piezoelectric scattering, and polar optical phonon scattering in different temperature ranges, respectively. According to the scattering theory models, the dominant position relationships between the two different carrier scatterings induced by acoustical phonons in two-dimensional GaAs layer and bulk semi-insulating GaAs are discussed, respectively. The peak value of dark resistivity is about 1.29 × 1012 Ω cm at 154 K, which is more than five orders of magnitude greater than that at 300 K. The theoretical results are in good agreement with previously published results. Moreover, the dependence of the peak value of dark resistivity on the deep and shallow donor concentrations are obtained, respectively, and the mechanisms of the dependence are discussed. Understanding of thermal properties of dark resistivity and mobility can be used to optimize GaAs-based electronic and photonic devices’ performance in different temperature regimes.
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 04-04-2018
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 07-1989
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-01-1991
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 17-08-2009
DOI: 10.1063/1.3205115
Abstract: We demonstrate that within the model of massless Dirac fermions, graphene has a strong nonlinear optical response in the terahertz regime. It is found that the nonlinear contribution significantly alters both the single frequency and frequency tripled optical response at experimentally relevant field strengths. The optical activity of single layer graphene is significantly enhanced by nonlinear effects, and the frequency tripled response opens the gateway to photonic and optoelectronic device applications.
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