ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3264-7899
Current Organisation
University College London
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Environmental Management | Agricultural Spatial Analysis and Modelling | Regional Analysis and Development | Urban and Regional Studies (excl. Planning) | Other Economics | Ecological Economics | Environmental Science and Management |
Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Farmland, Arable Cropland and Permanent Cropland Environments | Ecosystem Assessment and Management at Regional or Larger Scales | Ecological Economics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2016
DOI: 10.1002/APP5.147
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-08-2020
Publisher: European Forest Institute
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.36333/K2A02
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/EN14102803
Abstract: In early 2020, Indonesia implemented the biodiesel 30 (B30) program as an initiative to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on fossil fuels and to protect Indonesia’s palm oil market. However, palm oil has received international criticism due to its association with harmful environmental externalities. This paper analysed whether an investment in palm oil-based biofuel (POBB) provides Indonesia with the ability to achieve its environmental and financial goals. In this research, we performed a meta-analysis on biofuel energy return on investment (EROI) by examining 44 biofuel projects using ten types of biofuel feedstocks from 13 countries between 1995 and 2016. Results showed an average EROI of 3.92 and 3.22 for POBB and other biomass-based biofuels (OBBB), respectively. This shows that if only energy inputs and outputs are considered, biofuels provide a positive energy return. However, biofuels, including those from palm oil, produce externalities especially during land preparation and land restoration. We also compared these EROI biofuel results with other renewable energy sources and further analysed the implications for renewable energies to meet society’s energy demands in the future. Results showed that biofuel gives the lowest EROI compared to other renewable energy sources. Its EROI of 3.92, while positive, has been categorised as “not feasible for development”. If Indonesia plans to continue with its biofuel program, some major improvements will be necessary.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 24-02-2009
Abstract: A high and sustainable quality of life is a central goal for humanity. Our current socio-ecological regime and its set of interconnected worldviews, institutions, and technologies all support the goal of unlimited growth of material production and consumption as a proxy for quality of life. However, abundant evidence shows that, beyond a certain threshold, further material growth no longer significantly contributes to improvement in quality of life. Not only does further material growth not meet humanity's central goal, there is mounting evidence that it creates significant roadblocks to sustainability through increasing resource constraints (i.e., peak oil, water limitations) and sink constraints (i.e., climate disruption). Overcoming these roadblocks and creating a sustainable and desirable future will require an integrated, systems level redesign of our socio-ecological regime focused explicitly and directly on the goal of sustainable quality of life rather than the proxy of unlimited material growth. This transition, like all cultural transitions, will occur through an evolutionary process, but one that we, to a certain extent, can control and direct. We suggest an integrated set of worldviews, institutions, and technologies to stimulate and seed this evolutionary redesign of the current socio-ecological regime to achieve global sustainability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-03-2023
DOI: 10.1177/20530196231158080
Abstract: Bio ersity change and increasing within-country economic inequalities represent two of the greatest global challenges of the Anthropocene. The most marginalized in society are often the most vulnerable to bio ersity change but there is no consensus on the relationships between bio ersity change and rising economic inequalities. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic scoping review of the literature and found 27 studies that explicitly examined the relationships between economic inequality and bio ersity. These were predominantly quantitative but also included qualitative, scenario, and review papers. The majority of studies (21/27) found evidence to suggest that more unequal regions had lower levels of bio ersity, and also that wealthier areas had higher levels of bio ersity. However, few studies investigated the causal mechanisms underlying the reported relationships, and there was little consistency in the metrics used to measure either inequality or bio ersity. Future research needs to focus on testing, or in-depth explorations, of causal mechanisms, with both quantitative and qualitative approaches needed. It is crucial that we understand how economic inequality and bio ersity interact if we are to meet the aims of reducing economic inequality and preventing further bio ersity loss.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1890/150019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2022
DOI: 10.1002/SD.2234
Abstract: In 2015, all 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These 17 goals, 169 targets, and 232 indicators (including over 650 indicators if all the sub isions are included) are intended to guide and improve sustainable wellbeing and life satisfaction for everyone on earth. Challenges include the fact that many indicators are not measured or reliably tracked in many countries, the cost of tracking is unclear, and no explicit overarching goal exists. To highlight some of the problems with this approach, we model life satisfaction (LS) survey scores by country, as a proxy for overall wellbeing, as the dependent variable against the official 232 SDG indicators. Using a constrained linear regression approach (LASSO), we identify a model that includes only 8 of the 232 indicators and explains 84% of the variation in LS. These eight indicators are proxies for economic, social, and environmental variables. We also cluster countries according to these indicators and LS showing correlation within geographical and cultural regions. We discuss these results with regard to the meaning and measurement of sustainable development vs. sustainable wellbeing and its relationship with LS and the SDGs. We recommend how these results can be used to prioritize goals and measurement efforts to create more meaningful and useful measures of sustainable wellbeing.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.1007/S10709-004-1930-X
Abstract: With the completion of the first draft of the human genome sequence, the next major challenge is assigning function to genes. One approach is genome-wide random chemical mutagenesis, followed by screening for mutant phenotypes of interest and subsequent mapping and identification of the mutated genes in question. We (a consortium made up of GlaxoSmithKline, the MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mouse Genome Centre, Harwell, Imperial College, London, and the Royal London Hospital) have used ENU mutagenesis in the mouse for the rapid generation of novel mutant phenotypes for use as animal models of human disease and for gene function assignment (Nolan et al., 2000). As of 2003, 35,000 mice have been produced to date in a genome-wide screen for dominant mutations and screened using a variety of screening protocols. Nearly 200 mutants have been confirmed as heritable and added to the mouse mutant catalogue and, overall, we can extrapolate that we have recovered over 700 mutants from the screening programme. For further information on the project and details of the data, see www.mgu.har.mrc.ac.uk/mutabase.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 15-07-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.13.20152397
Abstract: Some countries have been more successful than others at dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. When we explore the different policy approaches adopted as well as the underlying socio-economic factors, we note an interesting set of correlations: countries led by women leaders have fared significantly better than those led by men on a wide range of dimensions concerning the global health crisis. In this paper, we analyze available data for 35 countries, focusing on the following variables: number of deaths per capita due to COVID-19, number of days with reported deaths, peaks in daily deaths, deaths occurred on the first day of lockdown, and excess mortality. Results show that countries governed by female leaders experienced much fewer COVID-19 deaths per capita and were more effective and rapid at flattening the epidemic’s curve, with lower peaks in daily deaths. We argue that there are both contingent and structural reasons that may explain these stark differences. First of all, most women-led governments were more prompt at introducing restrictive measures in the initial phase of the epidemic, prioritizing public health over economic concerns, and more successful at eliciting collaboration from the population. Secondly, most countries led by women are also those with a stronger focus on social equality, human needs and generosity. These societies are more receptive to political agendas that place social and environmental wellbeing at the core of national policymaking.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 30-09-2013
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 14-03-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/SU11164374
Abstract: Increasingly, empirical evidence refutes many of the theoretical pillars of mainstream economics. These theories have persisted despite the fact that they support unsustainable and undesirable environmental, social, and economic outcomes. Continuing to embrace them puts at risk the possibility of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and overcoming other global challenges. We discuss a selection of paradoxes and delusions surrounding mainstream economic theories related to: (1) efficiency and resource use, (2) wealth and wellbeing, (3) economic growth, and (4) the distribution of wealth within and between rich and poor nations. We describe a wellbeing economy as an alternative for guiding policy development. In 2018, a network of Wellbeing Economy Governments (WEGo), (supported by, but distinct from, the larger Wellbeing Economy Alliance—WEAll) promoting new forms of governance that erge from the ones on which the G7 and G20 are based, has been launched and is now a living project. Members of WEGo aim at advancing the three key principles of a wellbeing economy: Live within planetary ecological boundaries, ensure equitable distribution of wealth and opportunity, and efficiently allocate resources (including environmental and social public goods), bringing wellbeing to the heart of policymaking, and in particular economic policymaking. This network has potential to fundamentally re-shape current global leadership still anchored to old economic paradigms that give primacy to economic growth over environmental and social wealth and wellbeing.
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 14-03-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2018.05.046
Abstract: Ecosystem services (the benefits to humans from ecosystems) are estimated globally at $125 trillion/year [1, 2]. Similar assessments at national and regional scales show how these services support our lives [3]. All valuations recognize the role of bio ersity, which continues to decrease around the world in maintaining these services [4, 5]. The giant panda epitomizes the flagship species [6]. Its unrivalled public appeal translates into support for conservation funding and policy, including a tax on foreign visitors to support its conservation [7]. The Chinese government has established a panda reserve system, which today numbers 67 reserves [8, 9]. The bio ersity of these reserves is among the highest in the temperate world [10], covering many of China's endemic species [11]. The panda is thus also an umbrella species [12]-protecting panda habitat also protects other species. Despite the benefits derived from pandas, some journalists have suggested that it would be best to let the panda go extinct. With the recent downlisting of the panda from Endangered to Vulnerable, it is clear that society's investment has started to pay off in terms of panda population recovery [13, 14]. Here, we estimate the value of ecosystem services of the panda and its reserves at between US$2.6 and US$6.9 billion/year in 2010. Protecting the panda as an umbrella species and the habitat that supports it yields roughly 10-27 times the cost of maintaining the current reserves, potentially further motivating expansion of the reserves and other investments in natural capital in China.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.11.409
Abstract: China has a long history of building hard engineered coastal defences for storm protection, which enables us to examine the economic effects of the hard engineering to mitigate storm damage. Examining historical storm impacts between 1989 and 2016, a significant negative relationship exists between the relative economic damages (i.e., TD/GDP) by storm and the length of existing hard engineering within the storm swath. This indicates that hard engineered defences play a critical role in storm mitigation. We estimated that the storm protection value provided by hard engineered defences in China is CNY 3.18 million/km [US$0.50 million/km] on average, with a median of CNY 1.69 million/km [US $0.27 million]. They provide an annual economic value of CNY 6.04 billion on average. Despite their great contribution to reduce total economic damages from storms, hard engineered defences are not as efficient as coastal wetlands. Coastal wetlands are more cost effective based on comparison from China and USA. This study highlights the need for the Chinese government to transfer focus from prevailing hard engineered defences to ecosystem-based measure or the combination of both measures to prevent storm damage in the future.
Publisher: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Resilience Alliance, Inc.
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1038/505283A
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-06-2022
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16281
Abstract: An ecosystem is healthy if it is active, maintains its organization and autonomy over time, and is resilient to stress. Healthy ecosystems provide human well-being via ecosystem services, which are produced in interaction with human, social, and built capital. These services are affected by different ecosystem stewardship schemes. Therefore, society should be aiming for ecosystem health stewardship at all levels to maintain and improve ecosystem services. We review the relationship between ecosystem health and ecosystem services, based on a logic chain framework starting with (1) a development or conservation policy, (2) a management decision or origin of the driver of change, (3) the driver of change itself, (4) the change in ecosystem health, (5) the change in the provision of ecosystem services, and (6) the change in their value to humans. We review two case studies to demonstrate the application of this framework. We analyzed 6,131 records from the Ecosystem Services Valuation Database (ESVD) and found that in approximately 58% of the records data on ecosystem health were lacking. Finally, we describe how the United Nations' System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) incorporates ecosystem health as part of efforts to account for natural capital appreciation or depreciation at the national level. We also provide recommendations for improving this system.
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 21-02-2019
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.6502
Abstract: Indicators that attempt to gauge wellbeing have been created and used at multiple spatial scales around the world. The most commonly used indicators are at the national level to enable international comparisons. When analyzing subjective life satisfaction (LS), an aspect of wellbeing, at multiple spatial scales in Australia, variables (drawn from environmental, social, and economic domains) that are significantly correlated to LS at smaller scales become less significant at larger sub-national scales. The reverse is seen for other variables, which become more significant at larger scales. Regression analysis over multiple scales on three groups (1) all in iduals within the s le, (2) in iduals with self-reported LS as dissatisfied (LS ≤ 5), and (3) in iduals self-reporting LS as satisfied (LS 5), show that variables critical for LS differ between subgroups of the s le as well as by spatial scale. Wellbeing measures need to be created at multiple scales appropriate to the purpose of the indicator. Concurrently, policies need to address the factors that are important to wellbeing at those respective scales, segments, and values of the population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Date: 2011
Publisher: Faculty Opinions Ltd
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.3410/B3-14
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 14-07-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 06-2015
End Date: 12-2018
Amount: $338,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 09-2021
End Date: 09-2024
Amount: $323,091.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity