ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1278-6536
Current Organisations
University of Ottawa
,
University of New England
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Palaeoclimatology | Geology | Marine Geoscience
Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Mineral Resources (excl. Energy Resources) not elsewhere classified | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) |
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2020
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 19-04-2010
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 30-04-2018
DOI: 10.1144/SP477.11
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1002/2017GC007100
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2016GC006623
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-02-2021
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.1029/2020GC008924
Abstract: Back‐arc basins open in response to subduction processes, which cause extension in the upper plate, usually along trench‐parallel spreading axes. However, global seismic databases reveal that the majority of seismic events in the Lau Basin occur along transcurrent (strike‐slip) rather than extensional faults. To better characterize active deformation in this region, we compared centroid moment tensors (CMTs), calculated for large (Mw 5), shallow ( km) seismic events, to the orientations of seafloor lineaments mapped throughout the Lau Basin. Ship‐based multibeam and satellite altimetry were combined with vertical gravity gradient data to create the lineament map. By comparing the possible focal planes of the CMTs to the orientations of the lineaments, the most likely fault plane solutions were selected, thus classifying the faults and establishing the nature of the highly variable stress regimes in the basin. We resolved the strike, dip, and dip direction of 308 faults and classified 258 additional structures by fault type. The analysis highlights a stress regime that is dominated by a combination of left‐lateral and right‐lateral strike‐slip faults, large‐scale transcurrent motion along rigid crustal‐scale fault zones, and nonrigid diffuse deformation along preexisting seafloor structures, with extension mainly limited to the tips of propagating rifts and spreading centers. By resolving many of the uncertain motions on the mapped lineaments of the Lau Basin, the CMT analysis addresses a number of questions concerning basin‐scale stress regimes and microplate development, complementing GPS measurements, and providing a more complete picture of the complexities of back‐arc basin development.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-03-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2018
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 11-02-2022
DOI: 10.1130/GES02340.1
Abstract: A 1:1,000,000-scale lithostratigraphic assemblage map of the Lau Basin (southwestern Pacific Ocean) has been created using remote predictive mapping (RPM) techniques developed by geological surveys on land. Formation-level geological units were identified in training sets at scales of 1:100,000–1:200,000 in different parts of the basin and then extrapolated to the areas where geological data are sparse. The final compilation is presented together with a quantitative analysis of assemblage-level crustal growth based on area-age relationships of the assigned units. The data sets used to develop mapping criteria and an internally consistent legend for the compilation included high-resolution ship-based multibeam, satellite- and ship-based gravity, magnetics, seafloor imaging, and s ling data. The correlation of units was informed by published geochronological information and kinematic models of basin opening. The map covers & ,000,000 km2 of the Lau-Tonga arc-backarc system, sub ided into nine assemblage types: forearc crust (9% by area), crust of the active volcanic arc (7%), backarc rifts and spreading centers (20%), transitional arc-backarc crust (13%), relict arc crust (38%), relict backarc crust (8%), and un ided arc-backarc assemblages (& %), plus oceanic assemblages, intraplate volcanoes, and carbonate platforms. Major differences in the proportions of assemblage types compared to other intraoceanic subduction systems (e.g., Mariana backarc, North Fiji Basin) underscore the complex geological makeup of the Lau Basin. Backarc crust formed and is forming simultaneously at 12 different locations in the basin in response to widely distributed extension, and this is considered to be a dominant pattern of crustal accretion in large arc-backarc systems. Accelerated basin opening and a microplate breakout north of the Peggy Ridge has been accommodated by seven different spreading centers. The result is an intricate mosaic of small intact assemblages in the north of the basin, compared to fewer and larger assemblages in the south. Although the oldest rocks are Eocene (~40 m.y. old basement of the Lau and Tonga Ridges), half of the backarc crust in the map area formed within the last 3 m.y. and therefore represents some of the fastest growing crust on Earth, associated with prolific magmatic and hydro-thermal activity. These observations provide important clues to the geological evolution and makeup of ancient backarc basins and to processes of crustal growth that ultimately lead to the emergence of continents.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2011
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 17-06-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1130/G36645.1
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Start Date: 2014
End Date: 2015
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2014
End Date: 12-2016
Amount: $3,600,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity