ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5425-6974
Current Organisations
Finnish Environment Institute
,
Flinders University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Geochemistry | Isotope Geochemistry | Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) | Palaeoecology | Hydrogeology | Plant Physiology | Ecology not elsewhere classified
Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Environments (excl. Social Impacts) | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Water Allocation and Quantification | Coastal and Estuarine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity | Climate Variability (excl. Social Impacts) | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments (excl. Urban and Industrial Use) | Mining Land and Water Management |
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-07-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-08-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-01-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-07-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-06629-7
Abstract: Photosynthetic capacity and leaf life span generally determine how much carbon a plant assimilates during the growing season. Leaves of deciduous tree species start senescence in late season, but whether the senescent leaves still retain capacity of carbon assimilation remains a question. In this study, we investigated leaf phenology and photosynthesis of a subtropical broadleaf deciduous tree species Liquidambar formosana Hance in the central southern continental China. The results show that L . formosana has extended leaf senescence (more than 2 months) with a substantial number of red leaves persisting on the tree. Leaf photosynthetic capacity decreases over season, but the senescent red leaves still maintain relatively high photosynthetic capacity at 42%, 66% and 66% of the mature leaves for net photosynthesis rate, apparent quantum yield, and quantum yield at the light compensation point, respectively. These results indicate that L . formosana may still contribute to carbon sink during leaf senescence.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 28-04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2014
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 19-05-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016JD025139
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP23284
Abstract: Drought is an intermittent disturbance of the water cycle that profoundly affects the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, the response of the coupled water and carbon cycles to drought and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we provide the first global synthesis of the drought effect on ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE = gross primary production (GPP)/evapotranspiration (ET)). Using two observational WUE datasets (i.e., eddy-covariance measurements at 95 sites (526 site-years) and global gridded diagnostic modelling based on existing observation and a data-adaptive machine learning approach), we find a contrasting response of WUE to drought between arid (WUE increases with drought) and semi-arid/sub-humid ecosystems (WUE decreases with drought), which is attributed to different sensitivities of ecosystem processes to changes in hydro-climatic conditions. WUE variability in arid ecosystems is primarily controlled by physical processes (i.e., evaporation), whereas WUE variability in semi-arid/sub-humid regions is mostly regulated by biological processes (i.e., assimilation). We also find that shifts in hydro-climatic conditions over years would intensify the drought effect on WUE. Our findings suggest that future drought events, when coupled with an increase in climate variability, will bring further threats to semi-arid/sub-humid ecosystems and potentially result in biome reorganization, starting with low-productivity and high water-sensitivity grassland.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-05-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JOC.8047
Abstract: The stable oxygen isotope composition of precipitation (δ 18 O p ) in southern China is considered as a valuable proxy of climatic conditions. However, their interpretations have been controversial. In this study, based on the observed and simulated data (isoGSM2) on oxygen isotope composition of precipitation, the linkage between summer precipitation ( P ) and δ 18 O p in the Dongting Lake basin and their possible influencing factors were investigated. The results indicate that the interannual variation of summer δ 18 O p is consistent with that of annual δ 18 O p . They both show a significantly negative correlation with the summer P , suggesting that the stable isotope composition in precipitation may be considered as a proxy of summer precipitation in the Dongting Lake basin. Statistically, the amount effect and circulation effect are significant in the isotope composition of precipitation in the basin. Based on either the observed data in Changsha or the simulated data for the basin, the local amount effect appears more important than large‐scale circulation for δ 18 O p during extreme summers. These results can potentially improve the reconstruction of paleoclimate in the East Asian monsoon region. Further study is needed to determine the contribution of local and large‐scale factors to the oxygen isotope composition of precipitation and to quantify the integral rainout along the moisture transporting paths.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-05-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JOC.3660
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 02-2013
Abstract: Efforts in the past two decades on air temperature mapping based on sparse monitoring networks reveal that algorithms based on multiple linear regressions with geographical and topographical parameters perform promisingly. In this study, a multiple-regression model, previously for precipitation characterization using autosearched orographic and atmospheric effects (PCASOA), is applied to analyze spatial distribution of mean monthly daily maximum and minimum temperatures (at 33 stations) in Adelaide and the Mount Lofty Ranges (9000 km2), a coastal hilly area in South Australia. Terrain aspect (or slope orientation) is transformed and explicitly incorporated in the model, together with some other topographic variables. Overall, PCASOA captures 91% and 70% observed spatial variability for mean monthly maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature, respectively. The regression also infers some physical processes influencing the air temperature distribution. The results indicate horizontal gradients of Tmax in the east–west and north–south directions, which can be related to the effects of dominant wind directions in the study area. The effect of terrain ruggedness on Tmax is likely related to the blockage of sea breeze in the complex terrain. Cold air drainage potential only influences Tmin during winter months in the study area. Terrain slope and aspect significantly contribute to interpreting Tmin spatial distribution and can be related to their sheltering effect from the dominant cool inland winds. They also contribute to interpreting Tmax spatial distribution, while the physical mechanism is not clear.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.07.069
Abstract: Surfactant modified zeolites (SMZs) have the capacity to target various types of water contaminants at relatively low cost and thus are being increasingly considered for use in improving water quality. It is important to know the surfactant loading performance of a zeolite before it is put into application. In this work we compare the loading capacity of a surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br), onto four natural zeolites obtained from specific locations in the USA, Croatia, China, and Australia. The surfactant loading is examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. We then compare the resulting SMZs performance in removing nitrate from water. Results show that TGA is useful to determine the HDTMA loading capacity on natural zeolites. It is also useful to distinguish between a HDTMA bi-layer and a HDTMA mono-layer on the SMZ surface, which has not been previously reported in the literature. TGA results infer that HDTMA (bi-layer) loading decreases in the order of US zeolite>Croatian zeolite>Chinese zeolite>Australian zeolite. This order of loading explains variation in performance of nitrate removal between the four SMZs. The SMZs remove 8-18 times more nitrate than the raw zeolites. SMZs prepared from the selected US and Croatian zeolites were more efficient in nitrate removal than the two zeolites commercially obtained from Australia and China.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 13-07-2010
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-14-1233-2010
Abstract: Abstract. Of the various approaches for estimating groundwater recharge, the chloride mass balance (CMB) method is one of the most frequently used, especially for arid and semiarid regions. Widespread native vegetation clearance, common in many areas globally, has changed the land surface boundary condition, posing the question as to whether the current system has reached new chloride equilibrium, required for a CMB application. Although a one-dimensional CMB can be applied at a point where the water and chloride fluxes are locally in steady state, the CMB method is usually applied at a catchment scale owing to significant lateral flows in mountains. The applicability of the CMB method to several conceptual catchment types of various chloride equilibrium conditions is examined. The conceptualisation, combined with some local climate conditions, is shown to be useful in assessing whether or not a catchment has reached new chloride equilibrium. The six conceptual catchment types are tested with eleven selected catchments in the Mount Lofty Ranges (MLR), a coastal hilly area in South Australia having experienced widespread historical forest clearance. The results show that six of the eleven catchments match a type VI chloride balance condition (chloride non-equilibrium with a gaining stream), with the ratios of stream chloride output (O) over atmospheric chloride input (I), or catchment chloride O/I ratios, ranging from 2 to 4. Two catchments match a type V chloride balance condition (chloride non-equilibrium with a losing stream), with catchment chloride O/I ratios about 0.5. For these type V and type VI catchments, the CMB method is not applicable. The results also suggest that neither a chloride O/I ratio less than one nor a low seasonal fluctuation of streamflow chloride concentration (a factor below 4) guarantees a chloride equilibrium condition in the study area. A large chloride O/I value (above one) and a large fluctuation of streamflow chloride concentration (a factor of 10 and above) generally indicates either a chloride disequilibrium, or cross-catchment water transfer, or both, for which the CMB method is not applicable. Based on regression between chloride O/I values and annual precipitation for type VI catchments, a catchment with annual precipitation of 900 mm in MLR has most likely reached new chloride equilibrium, and the CMB method can be applied if no cross-catchment water transfer occurs. CMB is applied to one catchment at chloride equilibrium, suggesting a net groundwater recharge of 27 mm/yr, about 3% of annual precipitation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 16-01-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JGRD.50137
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-05-2018
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-22-2775-2018
Abstract: Abstract. In most hydrological systems, evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation are the largest components of the water balance, which are difficult to estimate, particularly over complex terrain. In recent decades, the advent of remotely sensed data based ET algorithms and distributed hydrological models has provided improved spatially upscaled ET estimates. However, information on the performance of these methods at various spatial scales is limited. This study compares the ET from the MODIS remotely sensed ET dataset (MOD16) with the ET estimates from a SWAT hydrological model on graduated spatial scales for the complex terrain of the Sixth Creek Catchment of the Western Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. ET from both models was further compared with the coarser-resolution AWRA-L model at catchment scale. The SWAT model analyses are performed on daily timescales with a 6-year calibration period (2000–2005) and 7-year validation period (2007–2013). Differences in ET estimation between the SWAT and MOD16 methods of up to 31, 19, 15, 11 and 9 % were observed at respectively 1, 4, 9, 16 and 25 km2 spatial resolutions. Based on the results of the study, a spatial scale of confidence of 4 km2 for catchment-scale evapotranspiration is suggested in complex terrain. Land cover differences, HRU parameterisation in AWRA-L and catchment-scale averaging of input climate data in the SWAT semi-distributed model were identified as the principal sources of weaker correlations at higher spatial resolution.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-10-2009
DOI: 10.1002/JOC.1762
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/2013WR014818
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-09-2017
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-21-4469-2017
Abstract: Abstract. The normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) is a useful tool for studying vegetation activity and ecosystem performance at a large spatial scale. In this study we use the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) total water storage (TWS) estimates to examine temporal variability of the NDVI across Australia. We aim to demonstrate a new method that reveals the moisture dependence of vegetation cover at different temporal resolutions. Time series of monthly GRACE TWS anomalies are decomposed into different temporal frequencies using a discrete wavelet transform and analysed against time series of the NDVI anomalies in a stepwise regression. The results show that combinations of different frequencies of decomposed GRACE TWS data explain NDVI temporal variations better than raw GRACE TWS alone. Generally, the NDVI appears to be more sensitive to interannual changes in water storage than shorter changes, though grassland-dominated areas are sensitive to higher-frequencies of water-storage changes. Different types of vegetation, defined by areas of land use type, show distinct differences in how they respond to the changes in water storage, which is generally consistent with our physical understanding. This unique method provides useful insight into how the NDVI is affected by changes in water storage at different temporal scales across land use types.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2020EF001893
Abstract: Australia, the driest inhabited continent, is prone to natural disasters, such as droughts, floods, bushfires, and heatwaves. Strong climate variability causes recurring threats to water supply, agriculture, and the environment. Improving our insight into changes in hydroclimatic patterns is required to provide useful information for society. Previous studies mainly focused on the causes of extreme wet or dry events in specific periods and their impacts on agriculture and ecosystems. An understanding of long‐term spatio‐temporal patterns of wetting and drying in Australia is still lacking. Here we show, based on analyses of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite derived terrestrial water storage and extended datasets, that there are four consecutive periods of seesaw wetting and drying between eastern and western Australia in the past five decades. The seesaw phenomenon is characterized by eastern Australia gaining water, while western Australia is losing water, and vice versa. Strong La Niña induced continent‐wide wetting, resets this pattern, leaving each seesaw to last for 11 ± 5 years. We provide one possible mechanism related to vegetation response to climate variability and its feedback on hydrological processes to explain the seesaw pattern. The identified recurring seesaw pattern indicates that society would need to become more adaptive in managing forest, water, and disaster risks in the wake of a next strong La Niña induced continent‐wide wetting in Australia.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 11-2016
Abstract: Abstract. The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a useful tool for studying vegetation activity and ecosystem performance at a large spatial scale. In this study we use the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) total water storage (TWS) estimates to examine temporal variability of NDVI across Australia. We aim to demonstrate a new method that reveals the moisture dependence of vegetation cover at different temporal resolutions. Time series of monthly GRACE TWS anomalies are decomposed into different temporal frequencies using a discrete wavelet transform and analysed against time series of NDVI anomalies in a stepwise regression. Results show that combinations of different frequencies of decomposed GRACE TWS data explain NDVI temporal variations better than raw GRACE TWS alone. Generally, NDVI appears to be more sensitive to inter-annual changes in water storage than shorter changes, though grassland-dominated areas are sensitive to higher frequencies of water storage changes. Different types of vegetation, defined by areas of land use type show distinct differences in how they respond to the changes in water storage which is generally consistent with our physical understanding. This unique method provides useful insight into how NDVI is affected by changes in water storage at different temporal scales across land use types.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 27-07-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2019JD030324
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 26-05-2010
Abstract: Abstract. Chloride is commonly used as an environmental tracer for studying water flow and solute transport in the environment. It is especially useful for estimating groundwater recharge based on the commonly used chloride mass balance (CMB) method. Strong spatial variability in chloride deposition in coastal areas is one difficulty encountered in appropriately applying the method. A high-resolution bulk chloride deposition map in the coastal region is thus needed. The aim of this study is to construct a chloride deposition map in the Mount Lofty Ranges (MLR), a coastal hilly area of approximately 9000 km2 spatial extent in South Australia. We examined geographic (related to coastal distance), orographic, and atmospheric factors that may influence chloride deposition, using partial correlation and regression analyses. The results indicate that coastal distance, elevation, as well as terrain aspect and slope, appear to be significant factors controlling chloride deposition in the study area. Coastal distance accounts for 70% of spatial variability in bulk chloride deposition, with elevation, terrain aspect and slope an additional 15%. The results are incorporated into a de-trended residual kriging model (ASOADeK) to produce a 1 km×1 km resolution bulk chloride deposition and concentration maps. The average uncertainty of the deposition map is about 20–30% in the western MLR, and 40–50% in the eastern MLR. The maps will form a useful basis for examining catchment chloride balance for the CMB application in the study area.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1002/WRCR.20560
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-04-2010
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.7571
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1002/2014WR015619
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.2166/NH.2016.173
Abstract: Vegetation water use is closely related to its biophysical functioning and is often under stress from various environmental factors. However, commonly used root water uptake models only consider the stress from root zone moisture availability. There is a need to incorporate the stress from both the above-ground factors and root zone water condition. In this study, a newly developed coupled supply- and demand-induced (S& D) root water uptake model is examined with measurements on two tree species, Guihua in the subtropical monsoon climate and Drooping Sheoak in the Mediterranean climate. The results show that the S& D model outperforms a supply-constraint water stress function (the S-shape model) for both studied species. The S& D model predicts 67% and 84% temporal variability in the measured water stress for Guihua and Drooping Sheoak, respectively. The improvement of the S& D model over the S-shape model is more significant for Guihua than for Drooping Sheoak, which might be associated with the specific climate conditions. A two-step parameterization approach is adopted in this study for the S& D model, and is recommended for future applications. These results further support the validity of the S& D model, and should be considered for the root water uptake modeling.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 24-10-2017
Abstract: Abstract. In most hydrological systems, evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation are the largest components of the water balance, which are difficult to estimate, particularly over complex terrain. In recent decades, the advent of remotely-sensed data based ET algorithms and distributed hydrological models has provided improved spatially-upscaled ET estimates. However, information on the performance of these methods at various spatial scales is limited. This study compares the ET from the MODIS remotely sensed ET dataset (MOD16) with the ET estimates from a SWAT hydrological model for the complex terrain of the Sixth Creek Catchment of the Western Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The SWAT model analyses are performed on daily timescales with a 6-year calibration period (2000–2005) and 7-year validation period (2007–2013). Differences in ET estimation between the two methods of up to 48 %, 21 % and 16 % were observed at respectively 1 km2, 5 km2 and 10 km2 spatial resolutions. Land cover differences, mismatches between the two methods and catchment-scale averaging of input climate data in the SWAT semi-distributed model were identified as the principal sources of weaker correlations at higher spatial resolution.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-11-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.11451
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/7430658
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-06-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.13475
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 18-07-2019
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-2019-70
Abstract: Abstract. The aim of this research is to develop evaporation and transpiration products for Australia based on the maximum entropy production model (MEP). We introduce a method into the MEP algorithm of estimating the required model parameters over the entire Australia through the use of pedotransfer function, soil properties and remotely sensed soil moisture data. Our algorithm calculates the evaporation and transpiration over Australia on daily timescales at the 5 km2 resolution for 2003–2013. The MEP evapotranspiration (ET) estimates are validated using observed ET data from 20 Eddy Covariance (EC) flux towers across 8 land cover types in Australia. We also compare the MEP ET at the EC flux towers with two other ET products over Australia MOD16 and AWRA-L products. The MEP model outperforms the MOD16 and AWRA-L across the 20 EC flux sites, with average root mean square errors (RMSE), 8.21, 9.87 and 9.22 mm/8 days respectively. The average mean absolute error (MAE) for the MEP, MOD16 and AWRA-L are 6.21, 7.29 and 6.52 mm/8 days, the average correlations are 0.64, 0.57 and 0.61, respectively. The percentage Bias of the MEP ET was within 20 % of the observed ET at 12 of the 20 EC flux sites while the MOD16 and AWRA-L ET were within 20 % of the observed ET at 4 and 10 sites respectively. Our analysis shows that evaporation and transpiration contribute 38 % and 62 %, respectively, to the total ET across the study period which includes a significant part of the “millennium drought” period (2003–2009) in Australia. The data (Abiodun et al., 2019) is available at 0.25901/5ce795d313db8.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.9406
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1175/JHM448.1
Abstract: Hydrologic and ecologic studies in mountainous terrain are sensitive to the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. In this study a geostatistical model, Auto-Searched Orographic and Atmospheric Effects Detrended Kriging (ASOADeK), is introduced to map mountain precipitation using only precipitation gauge data. The ASOADeK model considers both precipitation spatial covariance and orographic and atmospheric effects in estimating precipitation distribution. The model employs gauge data and a multivariate linear regression approach to autosearch regional and local climatic settings (i.e., infer the spatial gradient in atmospheric moisture distribution and the effective moisture flux direction), and local orographic effects (the effective terrain elevation and aspect). The observed gauge precipitation data are then spatially detrended by the autosearched regression surface. The spatially detrended gauge data are further interpolated by ordinary kriging to generate a residual precipitation surface. The precipitation map is then constructed by adding the regression surface to the kriged residual surface. The ASOADeK model was applied to map monthly precipitation for a mountainous area in semiarid northern New Mexico. The effective moisture flux directions and spatial moisture trends identified by the optimal multiple linear regressions, using only gauge data, agree with the regional climate setting. When compared to a common precipitation mapping product [Precipitation-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)], the ASOADeK summer precipitation maps of the study area agree well with the PRISM estimates, and with higher spatial resolution. The ASOADeK winter maps improve upon PRISM estimates. ASOADeK gives better estimates than precipitation kriging and precipitation-elevation cokriging because it considers orographic and atmospheric effects more completely.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2015
DOI: 10.1002/JOC.4019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2003
DOI: 10.1111/J.1745-6584.2003.TB02408.X
Abstract: Several viral transport experiments were conducted in a model aquifer 1 m long, using bacteriophages MS2 and phiX174 at various pH (4.6 to 8.3) conditions, to increase our understanding of virus behavior in ground water. The results indicate the existence of a critical pH at which the virus behavior changes abruptly. This is supported by data from field and batch experiments. The critical pH is determined to be 0.5 unit below the highest isoelectric point of the virus and porous medium. When water pH is below the critical pH, the virus has an opposite charge to at least one component of the porous medium, and is almost completely and irreversibly removed from the water. This suggests that electrostatic attraction at a subcritical water pH condition is an important factor controlling virus attenuation in ground water. The concept of critical pH can assist in the design of geologic barriers for preventing viral contamination in ground water.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-03-2017
DOI: 10.1101/119529
Abstract: Balancing selection maintains advantageous ersity in populations through various mechanisms. While extensively explored from a theoretical perspective, an empirical understanding of its prevalence and targets lags behind our knowledge of positive selection. Here we describe the Non-Central Deviation ( NCD ), a simple yet powerful statistic to detect long-term balancing selection (LTBS) that quantifies how close frequencies are to expectations under LTBS, and provides the basis for a neutrality test. NCD can be applied to a single locus or genomic data, and can be implemented considering only polymorphisms ( NCD1 ) or also considering fixed differences with respect to an outgroup ( NCD2 ) species. Incorporating fixed differences improves power, and NCD2 has higher power to detect LTBS in humans under different frequencies of the balanced allele(s) than other available methods. Applied to genome-wide data from African and European human populations, in both cases using chimpanzee as an outgroup, NCD2 shows that, albeit not prevalent, LTBS affects a sizable portion of the genome: about 0.6% of analyzed genomic windows and 0.8% of analyzed positions. Significant windows ( p 0.0001) contain 1.6% of SNPs in the genome, which disproportionally fall within exons and change protein sequence, but are not enriched in putatively regulatory sites. These windows overlap about 8% of the protein-coding genes, and these have larger number of transcripts than expected by chance even after controlling for gene length. Our catalog includes known targets of LTBS but a majority of them (90%) are novel. As expected, immune-related genes are among those with the strongest signatures, although most candidates are involved in other biological functions, suggesting that LTBS potentially influences erse human phenotypes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-09-2018
DOI: 10.3390/ATMOS9100366
Abstract: Winter precipitation over South China tended to be much higher than normal for the spring El Niño events during 1979–2016. For the spring El Niño events, the meridional and zonal circulations served as a bridge, linking the warmer sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and South China winter precipitation. This possible physical process can be described as follows: During boreal winter, a positive SST anomaly in the EEP was concurrent with strong anomalous convection activity over South China via anomalous Walker circulation, an anomalous Hadley Cell along 110°–130° E, and a zonal westward teleconnection wave train pattern at 700 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere. In addition, an anomalous pumping effect at 200 hPa contributed to the convective activity. Meanwhile, the western Pacific subtropical high moved southwards and strengthened at 500 hPa, and abnormal southwesterly winds brought plentiful water vapor to South China at 850 hPa. All these factors favored an increase in precipitation over South China. For the summer El Niño events, the aforementioned anomalies were weaker, which resulted in a precipitation close to normal over South China.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.12778
Abstract: Vegetation phenology is a sensitive indicator of the dynamic response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. In this study, the spatiotemporal pattern of vegetation dormancy onset date (DOD) and its climate controls over temperate China were examined by analysing the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index and concurrent climate data from 1982 to 2010. Results show that preseason (May through October) air temperature is the primary climatic control of the DOD spatial pattern across temperate China, whereas preseason cumulative precipitation is dominantly associated with the DOD spatial pattern in relatively cold regions. Temporally, the average DOD over China's temperate ecosystems has delayed by 0.13 days per year during the past three decades. However, the delay trends are not continuous throughout the 29-year period. The DOD experienced the largest delay during the 1980s, but the delay trend slowed down or even reversed during the 1990s and 2000s. Our results also show that interannual variations in DOD are most significantly related with preseason mean temperature in most ecosystems, except for the desert ecosystem for which the variations in DOD are mainly regulated by preseason cumulative precipitation. Moreover, temperature also determines the spatial pattern of temperature sensitivity of DOD, which became significantly lower as temperature increased. On the other hand, the temperature sensitivity of DOD increases with increasing precipitation, especially in relatively dry areas (e.g. temperate grassland). This finding stresses the importance of hydrological control on the response of autumn phenology to changes in temperature, which must be accounted in current temperature-driven phenological models.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 28-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-6789
Abstract: & & Climate change has a significant impact on the environment by increasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events. Underestimating the potential risks of such events and lack of climate resilience will result in a substantial crisis in terms of water security. Understanding the hydrological consequences is difficult due to complexities and additional environmental feedbacks, depending on landuse/landcover, soil and climate.& & & & The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided an unprecedented perspective on global fluctuations in terrestrial water storage (TWS) over the past decade. While numerous studies have correlated different hydrological variables against TWS, no study has tested different rainfall thresholds (intensity) impacting TWS. Existing studies mostly have explored the relationship between TWS anomalies and hydrological variables using in idual responses, while few have looked at multi-variable interaction. Single indicators (e.g., standardized precipitation index) may limit ecohydrological understanding of soil-vegetation-atmosphere water transfer, as many factors play essential roles in land-atmosphere interactions. In particular, rainfall characteristics can significantly impact the interaction between hydrological factors by accelerating or slowing processes. Hence, including appropriate temporal resolution of precipitation in analyses is essential e.g., monthly data are not a good indicator for understanding ecohydrological interactions. Therefore, this research aims to improve our understanding of the spatiotemporal response of TWS to climate change impacts on rainfall characteristics. Monthly GRACE TWS time series anomalies are analyzed against aggregated monthly rainfall with different daily thresholds (intensities). The obtained results are used to find explanatory variables such as land use/land cover, soil type, and climatic zones that determine the significance between TWS and various variables. The methodology provides a valuable insight into the mechanisms in which TWS is affected by rainfall characteristics at different spatiotemporal scales across various hydrological contexts across Australia.& &
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-10-2019
DOI: 10.3390/RS11202345
Abstract: Increasing human activities have caused significant global ecosystem disturbances at various scales. There is an increasing need for effective techniques to quantify and detect ecological changes. Remote sensing can serve as a measurement surrogate of spatial changes in ecological conditions. This study has improved a newly-proposed remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI) with a sharpened land surface temperature image and then used the improved index to produce the time series of ecological-status images. The Mann–Kendall test and Theil–Sen estimator were employed to evaluate the significance of the trend of the RSEI time series and the direction of change. The change vector analysis (CVA) was employed to detect ecological changes based on the image series. This RSEI-CVA approach was applied to Fujian province, China to quantify and detect the ecological changes of the province in a period from 2002 to 2017 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The result shows that the RSEI-CVA method can effectively quantify and detect spatiotemporal changes in ecological conditions of the province, which reveals an ecological improvement in the province during the study period. This is indicated by the rise of mean RSEI scores from 0.794 to 0.852 due to an increase in forest area by 7078 km2. Nevertheless, CVA-based change detection has detected ecological declines in the eastern coastal areas of the province. This study shows that the RSEI-CVA approach would serve as a prototype method to quantify and detect ecological changes and hence promote ecological change detection at various scales.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-06-2015
DOI: 10.3390/RS70708250
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-03-2019
DOI: 10.3390/RS11050513
Abstract: Rainwater-induced soil erosion occurring in the forest is a special phenomenon of soil erosion in many red soil areas. Detection of such soil erosion is essential for developing land management to reduce soil loss in areas including southern China and other red soil regions of the world. Remotely sensed canopy cover is often used to determine the potential of soil erosion over a large spatial scale, which, however, becomes less useful in forest areas. This study proposes a new remote sensing method to detect soil erosion under forest canopy and presents a case study in a forest area in southern China. Five factors that are closely related to soil erosion in forest were used as discriminators to develop the model. These factors include fractional vegetation coverage, nitrogen reflectance index, yellow leaf index, bare soil index and slope. They quantitatively represent vegetation density, vegetation health status, soil exposure intensity and terrain steepness that are considered relevant to forest soil erosion. These five factors can all be derived from remote sensing imagery based on related thematic indices or algorithms. The five factors were integrated to create the soil erosion under forest model (SEUFM) through Principal Components Analysis (PCA) or a multiplication method. The case study in the forest area in Changting County of southern China with a Landsat 8 image shows that the first principal component-based SEUFM achieves an overall accuracy close to 90%, while the multiplication-based model reaches 81%. The detected locations of soil erosion in forest provide the target areas to be managed from further soil loss. The proposed method provides a tool to understand more about soil erosion in forested areas where soil erosion is usually not considered an issue. Therefore, the method is useful for soil conservation in forest.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1029/009WSA08
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-02-2016
DOI: 10.1002/ECO.1612
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2019
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 28-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-10926
Abstract: & & Since the first stoma appeared about 400 million years ago, moisture exchange between lands and the atmosphere extends into the root zone. However, due to its invisibility from the surface, root distribution and its temporal variation are difficult to estimate, which greatly hinders investigation of root zone moisture dynamics, soil-plant water relations, and transpiration modelling. Plant water potential reflects dynamic water condition in vegetation, which is determined by moisture supply in the root zone, atmospheric demand, and plant physiological control. Thus, dynamic water potential can provide a & #8220 eriscope& #8221 to observe root zone hydraulic conditions. Based on this hydraulic connection in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), plant in iduals work very likely as & #8220 observation wells& #8221 to the whole root zone at predawn, and as & #8220 umping test wells& #8221 in daytime. Meanwhile, stable isotopic composition of water in plant xylem approximately reflects the isotopic signature of bulk root accessible moisture. These hydraulic and isotopic root-zone periscopes provide information to estimate root-zone and plant hydraulic states and their dynamics, and hydraulic properties. In this presentation, we will show how this root-zone periscope concept, based on continuous monitoring of plant water potential, sapflow, and/or isotopic composition of xylem water, has been successfully applied in SPAC model development, root water uptake model improvement, transpiration model parameterisation, as well as investigation of ecohydrological separation.& &
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-09-2019
DOI: 10.1002/JOC.5830
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-02-2017
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1175/JHM9019.1
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 27-08-2020
Abstract: Abstract. This study identifies which factor, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration or local moisture deficit, dominates the temporal occurrence of hot extremes at the global scale. The wavelet decomposed GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) is for the first time applied in examining the relationship between soil moisture (θ) and number of hot days in the hottest month (NHD). It reveals stronger θ–NHD relationships over larger areas than other commonly used soil moisture proxies (i.e., standardized precipitation index (SPI) and model derived product). During the study period 1985–2015, hot extreme occurrence with a dominant influence from increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is mainly observed in South America, Africa and Asia, while soil moisture deficit dominates the occurrence of hot extremes in larger areas, including parts of North America, West Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia and South Africa. Global action in reducing emissions will support combating hot extremes. In addition, important attention should be directed to address, e.g. by adaptive land management, the increasing moisture deficit in some regions.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/GBE/EVY054
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 30-04-2002
DOI: 10.1029/2002EO000128
Publisher: Mars Informatics
Date: 14-06-2010
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2022WR033566
Abstract: Water ages in plant transpiration reveal important processes of water dynamics in soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum, which is regulated by water variability and availability in both precipitation inputs and root zone. However, the impacts of climate patterns and rooting depth on water age dynamics in transpiration are inadequately investigated. In this study, variations in root‐zone water replenishment are estimated based on stable isotope compositions of precipitation and plant xylem water, and a piecewise linear mixing water age model is employed to quantify water ages in plant transpiration under five different climates. The results show that water ages in transpiration are very dynamic in all climates with a range between 1 and 229 days. Water replenishments in the root‐zone reveal whether and how much precipitation enters the root zone. Climate patterns control median (mean) water age in plant transpiration but modified by rooting depth. In wet climates, plants mainly rely on water source that originates from precipitation in the current month (accounting for about 60% on average of their water sources), while plants in dry climates largely rely on water source that originates from precipitation fallen on previous months/seasons. These indicate that climate has profound impacts on plant water source by regulating precipitation inputs, root zone water storage and residence time, and evapotranspiration. Despite the limitations of this study, our study provides an alternative way to reveal the precipitation partitioning in root‐zone and seasonal changes in plant water use of precipitation, which highlights different vegetation responses to water variability between climate types.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 30-04-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JGRG.20056
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1002/WRCR.20357
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-04-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.13430
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-09-2006
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.6333
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1029/2005GL023759
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2013
DOI: 10.1002/JOC.3809
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1002/2014JG002670
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1002/2017WR020467
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Location: United States of America
Start Date: 01-2012
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $420,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 11-2022
End Date: 11-2026
Amount: $770,288.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2009
End Date: 12-2015
Amount: $14,999,996.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity