ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2574-4893
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Educational Psychology | Psychology | Health, Clinical And Counselling Psychology | Social And Community Psychology
Behavioural and cognitive sciences | Secondary education | Health status (e.g. indicators of “well-being”) |
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1002/PER.783
Abstract: Reynolds et al. offer a version of interactionism based on social identity theory. Although we applaud both interactionism and the social identity approach, we suspect that the marriage the authors propose is unlikely to succeed. The core problem is that interactionism is optimized when the situation and person are on equal footing and the authors’ model weds robust situational influences to a feckless, empty self. The result is a win for the social identity approach at the cost of what may have been an important new approach to interactionism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-07-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-01-2012
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.1841
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2018
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1037/T70320-000
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1002/PER.784
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1002/PER.782
Abstract: In both personality psychology and social psychology there is a trajectory of theory and research that has its roots in Gestalt psychology and interactionism. This work is outlined in this paper along with an exploration of the hitherto neglected points of connection it offers these two fields. In personality psychology the focus is on dynamic interactionism and in social psychology, mainly through social identity theory and self–categorization theory, it is on the interaction between the in idual (‘I’) and group (‘we’) and how the environment (that includes the perceiver) is given meaning. What emerges is an understanding of the person and behaviour that is more integrated, dynamic and situated. The aim of the paper is to stimulate new lines of theory and research consistent with this view of the person. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2007
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 30-05-2023
Abstract: Moral Injury is an emerging construct that has been primarily examined in military groups but is increasingly expanding to a broader range of non-military occupational settings. A key barrier to this research on moral injury in broader occupational groups has been the lack of valid and reliable measures specifically developed for non-military settings. The current paper addresses this gap by developing the Occupational Moral Injury Scale (OMIS), a measure designed to capture both morally injurious events (MIEs) and primary markers of moral injury (guilt, shame, anger, loss of trust, existential conflict) in any occupational setting, without the need for modification. A combination of Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses were used in scale development and refinement. Drawing upon a s le of 1454 frontline health and first responder workers across two studies, factor analytic results revealed an expected bifactor structure of five primary factors capturing exposure to morally injurious events (MIEs Commission with Agency, Commission under Duress, Act of Omission, Witnessing, Betrayal) and a general factor of moral injury. Subscales demonstrated excellent internal consistency, and when compared to theoretically relevant constructs OMIS scores demonstrated strong convergent and ergent validity. Differential validity was also observed among the OMIS subscales. The OMIS provides a psychometrically validated tool for assessing moral injury risk in any occupational setting. The OMIS will help facilitate further research and understanding of how moral injury presents in high-risk occupational settings beyond the military and allow for direct comparison between these groups for the first time.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S40519-019-00647-2
Abstract: Parental invalidation and narcissism have been proposed to play an important role in understanding the etiology of eating disorders. The current research aimed to address two main gaps in the literature. The first aim was to determine the differential associations of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism with eating disorder pathology. The second aim was to find a common mediator between both maternal and paternal invalidation and eating disorder pathology. It was hypothesized that when controlling for vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism would not predict eating disorder pathology. In addition, it was hypothesized that vulnerable narcissism would be a mediator of the relationship between parental invalidation and eating disorder pathology. Participants were 352 women aged 18-30 years who were recruited from the general and tertiary student population, and as such constituted a community s le. Participants completed the Invalidating Childhood Environment Scale, Brief-Pathological Narcissism Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Avoidance of Affect Subscale of the Distress Tolerance Scale, and the Emotional Expression as a Sign of Weakness Subscale of the Attitudes Towards Emotional Expression Scale in an online survey. Results showed that, when controlling for vulnerable narcissism, grandiose narcissism was no longer associated with eating disorder pathology. It was also found that parental invalidation had a positive indirect effect upon eating disorder pathology, via vulnerable narcissism. The findings indicate that vulnerable narcissism is more strongly associated with eating disorder pathology as opposed to grandiose narcissism and help to further elucidate the mechanisms via which parental invalidation might exert its negative effect on eating disorder pathology. A cross-sectional survey (Level V).
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-05-2023
DOI: 10.1037/TRA0001490
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-05-2022
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic there have been marked changes in in iduals' belief systems (e.g., support for lockdowns) as a result of the threat of COVID-19. In the current study, we investigated whether these belief systems change as a function of changes in the threat of COVID-19. Specifically, we conducted a longitudinal study, with authoritarianism measured at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand and when the threat of COVID-19 was low (i.e., no known COVID-19 cases in the community). A total of 888 participants responded at both timepoints, completing measures of political orientation and distrust of science, in addition to the measure of authoritarianism. We had two hypotheses. First, that liberals would display a more marked reduction in authoritarian submission between Alert Level 4 and Alert Level 1 relative to conservatives. Second, that changes would be mediated by trust in science. Both hypotheses were supported, demonstrating that authoritarianism is sensitive to threat, even for those on the political left, and that trust in science helps to explain these changes. We suggest that fluctuations in authoritarianism may be different across the political spectrum due to underlying belief systems such as a distrust of science.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-03-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2023.1098452
Abstract: Categorical models of personality disorders have been beneficial throughout psychiatric history, providing a mechanism for organizing and communicating research and treatment. However, the view that in iduals with personality disorders are qualitatively distinct from the general population is no longer tenable. This perspective has amassed steady criticism, ranging from inconsequential to irreconcilable. In response, stronger evidence has been accumulated in support of a dimensional perspective that unifies normal and pathological personality on underlying trait continua. Contemporary nosology has largely shifted toward this dimensional perspective, yet broader adoption within public lexicon and routine clinical practice appears slow. This review focuses on challenges and the related opportunities of moving toward dimensional models in personality disorder research and practice. First, we highlight the need for ongoing development of a broader array of measurement methods, ideally facilitating multimethod assessments that reduce biases associated with any single methodology. These efforts should also include measurement across both poles of each trait, intensive longitudinal studies, and more deeply considering social desirability. Second, wider communication and training in dimensional approaches is needed for in iduals working in mental health. This will require clear demonstrations of incremental treatment efficacy and structured public health rebates. Third, we should embrace cultural and geographic ersity, and investigate how unifying humanity may reduce the stigma and shame currently generated by arbitrarily labeling an in idual's personality as normal or abnormal. This review aims to organize ongoing research efforts toward broader and routine usage of dimensional perspectives within research and clinical spaces.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-02-2021
Abstract: Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 in iduals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized in idual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its ersity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 28-02-2022
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-04-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-09-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-26663-4
Abstract: Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 in iduals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2022.114817
Abstract: The aim of the study was to measure and compare prejudice towards people with specific mental illnesses between mental health professionals and the general population, and examine personality, ideological, and attitudinal antecedents of prejudice. To do so, we also aimed to validate three shortened scales of prejudice. A s le of mental health professionals (N = 299) and a s le from the general population (N = 427) completed shortened versions of the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness, Prejudice towards People with Schizophrenia, and Prejudice towards People with Depression scales. They also completed measures of validity criteria and demographics. The scales demonstrated construct validity in both s les. Although prejudice was highest towards people with schizophrenia and lowest towards people with depression, mental health professionals demonstrated significantly less prejudice overall than the general population. Prejudice was associated with higher social dominance orientation, right wing authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, conservatism, and generalized prejudice, and lower agreeableness, openness to experience, and contact. These antecedents of prejudice were better predictors than any demographic or profession-related variables examined. This study contributes increased knowledge of the structure and correlates of prejudice towards people with mental disorders. This knowledge should inform more nuanced and effective interventions, therapy, and training.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-02-2023
DOI: 10.1177/00207640231155056
Abstract: People living with borderline personality disorder (BPD) face high levels of prejudice and discrimination from both the community and medical professionals, but no measure of prejudice toward people living with BPD exists. The current study aimed to adapt an existing Prejudice toward People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale and investigate the structure and nomological network of prejudice toward people with BPD. The original 28-item PPMI scale was adapted to create the Prejudice toward People with Borderline Personality Disorder (PPBPD) scale. The scale and related measures were completed by three s les: 217 medical or clinical psychology students, 303 psychology undergraduate students, and 314 adults from the general population. The original four-factor structure of the PPMI was supported in the PPBPD scale. Reported prejudice toward people with BPD was more negative than prejudice toward people with mental illness in general. The association of the PPBPD scale with antecedents and consequences was assessed, including social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, ethnocentrism, personality traits, empathy, prior contact, and feelings toward other stigmatized groups and mental illnesses. This study provided evidence for the validity and psychometric properties of the PPBPD scale across three s les and investigated anticipated relationships with theoretically related antecedents and consequences. This research will help improve understanding of the expressions underlying prejudice toward people with BPD.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 13-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BS12100384
Abstract: The media perpetuates many harmful stereotypes about people with mental illness. In two studies, we demonstrate the impact of negative media portrayals of mental illness on prejudice and attempt to mitigate these negative effects. Specifically, in Study 1, participants watched the movie Joker, a recent film which associates mental illness with violent behavior, or a control film (Terminator). Participants completed the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale before and after viewing their respective films. The PPMI consists of four dimensions: fear/avoidance (i.e., wanting to avoid people with mental illness), malevolence (i.e., viewing people with mental illness as inferior), authoritarianism (i.e., preference for control over people with mental illness), and unpredictability (i.e., the behavior of people with mental illness is unreliable). We hypothesized that participants who watched the film Joker would display an increase in their fear/avoidance of people with mental illness and their support for authoritarian approaches to their treatment. Consistent with these hypotheses, participants who viewed Joker displayed a significant increase in the fear/avoidance and authoritarian subscales of the PPMI, relative to participants that watched Terminator. In Study 2, in an attempt to mitigate the impact of Joker on prejudice towards people with mental illness, directly after the film we displayed educational and counter-stereotypical statements on-screen that challenged the view that people with mental illness are violent. A control group viewed Joker without these statements. Identical to Study 1, all participants completed the PPMI scale before and after viewing the film. We hypothesized that participants who viewed Joker with the statements would display lower prejudice relative to the control condition. Unfortunately, participants in the experimental and control conditions displayed a comparable increase in prejudice. Together, these studies confirm the negative effect of media portrayals of mental illness (as depicted in Joker) and demonstrate that these effects are not easily mitigated.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2017
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2263
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-02-2013
DOI: 10.1111/POPS.12022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-07-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0269930
Abstract: New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, adopted a “go hard, go early” approach to eliminate COVID-19. Although Ardern and her Labour party are considered left-leaning, the policies implemented during the pandemic (e.g., police roadblocks) have the hallmarks of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). RWA is characterized by three attitudinal clusters (authoritarian aggression, submission, and conventionalism). The uniqueness of the clusters, and whether they react to environmental change, has been debated. Here, in the context of the pandemic, we investigate the relationship between political orientation and RWA. Specifically, we measured political orientation, support for New Zealand’s major political parties, and RWA among 1,430 adult community members. A multivariate Bayesian model demonstrated that, in the middle of a pandemic, both left-leaning and right-leaning in iduals endorsed items tapping authoritarian submission. In contrast to authoritarian submission, and demonstrating the multidimensional nature of RWA, we observed the typical relationships between political orientation and authoritarian aggression and conventionalism was observed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-08-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-08-2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-03-2020
Abstract: Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives—an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective—offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country s le ( N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 13-07-2023
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/A000509
Abstract: Abstract. Resilience has become increasingly important in clinical and health psychology, but only few scales have received good psychometric ratings for assessing various outcomes of resilience. The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) is one of the best psychometrically rated scales and has been validated among Norwegian s les. The purpose of this study was to explore the construct validity of the RSA in an English-speaking Australian s le and test measurement invariance between the Australian s le and a Norwegian s le. An Australian s le ( N = 781) completed the RSA, Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). A second s le of Norwegians ( N = 320) was included in the analyses of invariance of the RSA across cultures. There were expected negative correlations between RSA and PHQ-9, and between RSA and GAD-7, but positive correlations between RSA and SOC-13. The results indicated that the six-factor measurement model of the RSA is the same in the Australian and Norwegian s les, and respondents from the two cultures understood and interpreted the items in a comparable fashion. Support was found for the cross-cultural validity of the RSA in an English-speaking Australian s le and as a valid and reliable self-report measure of protective factors.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-10-2014
Abstract: We know that there are cross-cultural differences in psychological variables, such as in idualism/collectivism. But it has not been clear which of these variables show relatively the greatest differences. The Survey of World Views project operated from the premise that such issues are best addressed in a erse s ling of countries representing a majority of the world’s population, with a very large range of item-content. Data were collected online from 8,883 in iduals (almost entirely college students based on local publicizing efforts) in 33 countries that constitute more than two third of the world’s population, using items drawn from measures of nearly 50 variables. This report focuses on the broadest patterns evident in item data. The largest differences were not in those contents most frequently emphasized in cross-cultural psychology (e.g., values, social axioms, cultural tightness), but instead in contents involving religion, regularity-norm behaviors, family roles and living arrangements, and ethnonationalism. Content not often studied cross-culturally (e.g., materialism, Machiavellianism, isms dimensions, moral foundations) demonstrated moderate-magnitude differences. Further studies are needed to refine such conclusions, but indications are that cross-cultural psychology may benefit from casting a wider net in terms of the psychological variables of focus.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-01-2023
Publisher: Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)
Date: 25-04-2018
Abstract: Authoritarianism has been an important explanatory concept for more than 60 years and a powerful predictor of social, political, and intergroup attitudes and behaviour. An important impediment to research on authoritarianism has been the length of the measures available, particularly with the contemporary emphasis on the need for social research to use larger, more representative s les and measure multiple constructs across multiple domains. We therefore developed a six-item Very Short Authoritarianism (VSA) scale that equally represented the three content subdimensions and two directions of wording of Altemeyer’s widely used Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) scale. Over four s les (N = 1,601) from three countries the VSA scale showed satisfactory internal consistency and the expected hierarchical factor structure with three primary factors loading on a single higher-order factor. Additionally, the scale predicted variables such as nationalism, ethnocentrism, political orientation, political party/candidate support, attitudes towards ingroups or outgroups and anti-minority bias at moderate to strong levels with effects very close to those obtained for much longer established measures of RWA (including Altemeyer’s scale). The VSA scale also showed clearly better reliability and validity than a short measure of authoritarian parental values that has been used to measure authoritarianism.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-12-2009
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-09-2019
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate, theoretically and empirically, the role of the six dimensions of reconceptualized ethnocentrism in consumer ethnocentrism. The paper investigates both direct and indirect effects of the six dimensions on consumer ethnocentrism, through four theoretically meaningful mediators: nationalism, ethnic ingroup positivity, national ingroup positivity and prejudice against foreigners. This study has used primary data collected from 304 US citizens through online surveys, including measures of demographics, ethnocentrism, consumer ethnocentrism, nationalism and attitudes toward ethnic ingroups, national ingroups and foreigners. Correlational, sequential multiple regression and parallel multiple mediation analyses were conducted to investigate effects of the dimensions of ethnocentrism on consumer ethnocentrism. Regression and mediation analyses, covarying age, education, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status, showed that ethnocentric purity had a direct effect on consumer ethnocentrism, whereas ethnocentric devotion and exploitativeness had indirect effects, entirely mediated by nationalism. There were no significant effects of the other dimensions of ethnocentrism, ethnic ingroup positivity, national ingroup positivity or prejudice against foreigners. In addition, two demographic variables (white/Anglo Americans and lower socio-economic status) had a direct effect on consumer ethnocentrism, whereas three other variables (gender, education and age) did not. This study is first to explore how the dimensions of ethnocentrism relate to consumer ethnocentrism. Although consumer ethnocentrism has often been linked to ethnocentrism, the relationship has never been explicitly studied. Ethnocentrism, defined as ethnic group self-centeredness and self-importance, in which the main role is to ensure ethnic group strength and survival, plays a substantial but mainly indirect role via nationalism in consumer ethnocentrism. This study shows that both direct and indirect processes concerned with ethnic groups play a substantial role in the development of consumer ethnocentrism. Implications of the findings for consumer ethnocentrism and global consumer culture are discussed.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-07-2021
Abstract: New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, adopted a “go hard, go early” approach to eliminate COVID-19. Although she and her Labour party are considered left-leaning, the policies implemented during the pandemic (e.g., police road blocks) have the hallmarks of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). RWA is characterised by three attitudinal clusters (authoritarian aggression, submission, and conventionalism). The uniqueness of the clusters, and whether they react to environmental change, has been debated. Here, in the context of the pandemic, we investigate the relationship between political orientation and RWA. Specifically, we measured political orientation, support for New Zealand’s major political parties, and RWA among 1,430 adult community members. A multivariate Bayesian model demonstrated that, in the middle of a pandemic, both left-leaning and right-leaning in iduals endorsed items tapping authoritarian submission. Demonstrating the multidimensional nature of RWA, this change occurred at the same time the typical relationships between political orientation and authoritarian aggression and conventionalism was observed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)
Date: 30-12-2021
DOI: 10.5964/PS.7417
Abstract: Narcissism as a psychological construct has had a contentious past both in its conceptualization and measurement. There is an emerging consensus that narcissism consists of grandiose and vulnerable subtypes, which share a common core. In the present research (N = 1002), we constructed a new measure of unified narcissism that reflects these contemporary understandings using items from the most widely used measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI Raskin & Terry, 1988, 0.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890), and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI Pincus et al., 2009, doi-org/10.1037/a0016530). We used classical test theory and item response theory approaches to devise a 29-item Unified Narcissism Scale. The scale showed good internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity, and showed evidence of measurement invariance between men and women. This research gave strong support for the structure, reliability, and validity of the unified measure, which offers a promising avenue for further enhancing our knowledge of narcissism.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/POPS.12710
Abstract: The concept of ethnocentrism was introduced by Gumplowicz in the 1870s, popularized by Sumner in the 1900s, and first investigated psychometrically by Adorno and colleagues in the 1940s. It has become a fundamental concept in the social sciences, but over the last several decades, its popularity and usage in political and social psychology have decreased. Recent events, such as the growing popularity of ethno‐nationalist and populist leaders and policies, show that ethnocentrism as a phenomenon has been resurging around the world. In addition, given its important explanatory power, an increasing number of political psychologists have started again to use the concept. This article presents an analysis of ethnocentrism reconceptualized as a hierarchical construct emanating from a strong sense of ethnic group self‐centeredness and self‐importance. It discusses the prevalence of ethnocentrism around the world, its conceptualization and measurement, and its theoretical underpinnings, supporting them with novel empirical research conducted with two abbreviated measures of ethnocentrism. The article argues that ethnocentrism ultimately stems from the need to strengthen one's own ethnic group at the expense of anyone who and anything that can weaken it.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1037/PAS0000784
Abstract: For over 45 years, research investigating Machiavellianism has largely used the same unidimensional approach, even though empirical research demonstrates that Machiavellianism is comprised of 2 robust dimensions: views and tactics. This article elaborates on the theory and conceptualization behind the 2 dimensions. It also documents the construction and validation of the 12-item Two-Dimensional Machiavellianism Scale (TDMS), which measures the cynical and untrusting views dimension, and the immoral interpersonal tactics dimension, across 6 s les (
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID)
Date: 31-01-2014
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 26-10-2023
DOI: 10.1037/TRM0000482
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-02-2013
DOI: 10.1111/POPS.12032
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-12-2008
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.589
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1093/SCHIZBULLOPEN/SGAC060
Abstract: Many existing measures of prejudiced attitudes toward people with mental illness have conceptual, theoretical, and psychometric problems. The recently created Prejudice toward People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale has addressed many of these limitations, but prejudice toward people with different mental disorders may be unique and require further exploration. This study aimed to facilitate this exploration by adapting the PPMI to focus on schizophrenia and depression, and investigate the structure, distinctiveness, and the nomological network of prejudice toward people with these mental disorders. We adapted the original 28-item PPMI scale to create the Prejudice toward People with Schizophrenia (PPS) and Prejudice toward People with Depression (PPD) scales. There were 406 participants from the general population, who completed these scales and related measures. The original 4-factor structure (fear/avoidance, unpredictability, authoritarianism, and malevolence) was supported for each scale. Participants expressed the highest levels of prejudice toward people with schizophrenia, followed by prejudice toward people with mental illness, and lastly by prejudice toward people with depression. Analyses supported the proposed nomological network of prejudice, which involves theoretical antecedents of social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, empathy, personality traits, disgust sensitivity, and prior contact. This research provides evidence for the validity and psychometric properties of the PPMI, PPS, and PPD scales, expanding our understanding of antecedents to prejudice toward people with different mental disorders. This research also shows that we gain more insight into prejudice when we use measures targeting specific disorders rather than mental illness in general.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2017.12.011
Abstract: We investigated the specificity in mediated pathways that separately link specific stress dimensions through anxiety to depressive symptoms and the protective utility of resilience. Thus, this study goes beyond lumping together potential mediating and moderating processes that can explain the relations between stress and (symptoms of) psychopathology and the buffering effect of resilience. Ghanaian adolescents between 13 and 17 years (female = 285 male = 244) completed the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ), Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Short Mood Feeling Questionnaire (SMFQ) and the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ). Independent s les t-test, multivariate analysis of covariance with follow-up tests and moderated mediation analyses were performed. Evidences were found for specificity in the associations between dimensions of adolescent stressors and depressive symptoms independent of transient anxiety. Transient anxiety partly accounted for the indirect effects of eight stress dimensions on depressive symptoms. Except stress of school attendance and school/leisure conflict, resilience moderated the indirect effects of specific stress dimensions on depressive symptoms. Results suggested differences in how Ghanaian adolescents view the various stress dimensions, and mediated pathways associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Use of cross-sectional data does not show causal process and temporal changes over time. Findings support and clarify the specificity in the interrelations and mediated pathways among dimensions of adolescent stress, transient anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Conditional process analyses shows that resilience does not only buffer direct, but also indirect psychological adversities. Interventions for good mental health may focus on low resilience subgroups in specific stress dimensions while minimizing transient anxiety.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 24-02-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-05-2015
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 21-07-2021
Abstract: A wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and orce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries ( n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-11-2016
DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2016.1248807
Abstract: Parenting behaviors and childhood experiences have played a central role in theoretical approaches to the etiology of narcissism. Research has suggested an association between parenting and narcissism however, it has been limited in its examination of different narcissism subtypes and in idual differences in parenting behaviors. This study investigates the influence of perceptions of parental invalidation, an important aspect of parenting behavior theoretically associated with narcissism. Correlational and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted using a s le of 442 Australian participants to examine the relationship between invalidating behavior from mothers and fathers, and grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Results indicate that stronger recollections of invalidating behavior from either mothers or fathers are associated with higher levels of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism when controlling for age, gender, and the related parenting behaviors of rejection, coldness, and overprotection. The lowest levels of narcissism were found in in iduals who reported low levels of invalidation in both parents. These findings support the idea that parental invalidation is associated with narcissism.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 10-2021
Abstract: Moral injury (MI) research has been expanded to populations beyond the military in recent years. A key barrier to further research into MI in civilian populations is the lack of valid, reliable measures of the construct appropriate for general civilian use. This paper addresses this barrier by adapting two existing military measures, and exploring their psychometrics in a general civilian s le: The Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES-Civilian) and Expressions of Moral Injury Scale-Military (EMIS-Civilian). A s le of civilian women (n = 192) and men (n = 88) completed the above measures, and additional scales designed to capture theoretically-supported primary and secondary markers of MI (guilt, shame, anger depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety). Confirmatory factor analysis found that the factor structure of the MIES-C and EMIS-C replicated well within our civilian s le. Discriminant validity was indicated through significant negative correlation with wellbeing. Both measures correlated as predicted with each other and measures of MI markers at the total score level. Correlations of in idual subscales with each of these measures were more varied, shedding light on differential relationships between type of MI event and clinical outcomes, and suggesting some conceptual differences in how MI is experienced in general civilian populations. Results suggest that civilian populations are also susceptible to MI, but that existing measures may have problems capturing this effectively. While the MIES-C and EMIS-C are supported for civilian use, further scale construction efforts for this population are warranted.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-023-31502-1
Abstract: Touch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Springer US
Date: 2012
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 24-02-2017
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1037/T72871-000
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 24-02-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-08-2023
DOI: 10.1177/10731911231191435
Abstract: The study of narcissism has been hindered by conceptual, theoretical, and measurement in-consistencies. In this article, we report two studies that tested a novel unified conceptualization and theoretical approach to narcissism using the Unified Narcissism Scale–Revised. Study 1 revised the recently developed Unified Narcissism Scale to construct a preliminary 40-item measure in a s le of 395 American participants ( M age = 41). We confirmed the five-factor first-order model, the two-factor second-order model, and the one-factor third-order model. Study 2 considered the cross-cultural performance of the revised scale in the Chinese language in China ( N = 326, M age = 25.5 years) and in the English language in Sri Lanka ( N = 354 M age = 28.7 years) and constructed a final 35-item measure. In conducting these studies, we have demonstrated the cross-cultural importance of entitlement and self-esteem to the conceptualization of narcissism and suggest that the negative relationship between narcissism and agreeableness may be culture-specific to Western s les (as evidenced by the absence of this relationship in non-Western s les). In this article, we have constructed a measure of narcissism that has refined our understanding of the construct and created a tool to capture this understanding.
Start Date: 07-2008
End Date: 06-2012
Amount: $330,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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