ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4305-2615
Current Organisations
University of Queensland
,
Australian National University
,
University of New South Wales
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1981
Abstract: Eighty students, 40 male and 40 female, listened to tapes of male and female speakers from Australia, Britain, France, Greece, Italy, and Vietnam reading a short English passage. The aim of the study was to determine the impressions of an Australian-born audience to accented English speech and its effect upon judgments of the speakers' personalities. Factor analysis of the personality ratings revealed evaluative and dynamism dimensions. Results indicated an interaction between sex and nationality of speaker on both dimensions. Discussion focused on the combined influence of nationality and sex of speaker in eliciting impressions based on accented voices.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-1986
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932000016497
Abstract: Forty-two single women who want to be childless, eighteen who desire a one child family, and 42 who want two children responded to questions about the quality of their present lives, and nature of future marriages. The groups of women were closely matched for age and education, and on current quality of life there were few differences. They had similar levels of positive and negative affect, and described life as enjoyable, interesting and contented. Those wanting to be childless, however, rated life as less optimistic and less loving, and also as currently somewhat less satisfying, but life satisfaction was still quite high. These early deciders of childlessness, and those wanting only one child, wanted to be financially and socially more independent in future marriage-type relationships than women wanting at least two children. They also expected to follow interests and careers to their fullest, wanted more role innovative partners, and were somewhat less concerned about home ownership, living to a budget, and keeping contact with family and friends. All women placed considerable importance on the need for trust, self-disclosure and open communication in a relationship, although the voluntarily childless rated more highly the need for intellectual stimulation and for each partner to be happy about the success of their mate. Compared to women wanting two children, those wanting to be childless expected a partner to perform a wide range of non-traditional roles in the home.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1993
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X950144006
Abstract: The use of language strategies to express power varies according to the status, sex, and ethnicity of the interactants. A total of 50 same-sex dyads in unconstrained conversation were videotaped: 10 each of Australian student with Australian student, Australian student with ethnic Chinese overseas student, Chinese student with Chinese student, Australian student with Australian academic staff member (lecturer), and Chinese student with Australian lecturer. Results indicated that students shared management of the interaction with other students but that lecturers controlled management of interactions with students. Although both male and female lecturers controlled the discourse, however, men did so particularly with nonverbal behaviour whereas women controlled the interactions with discourse management and interpersonal control. Female students in mixed-status interactions behaved more similarly to males than they did in same-status interactions. Lecturers and male Australian students controlled interactions with Chinese students more than they did with Australian students.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1987
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 10-1986
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-1988
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-05-2013
Abstract: Considerable research has explored the variables that affect the success of newcomer on-boarding, socialization, and retention. We build on this research by examining how newcomer socialization is affected by the degree to which newcomers’ peers and leaders provide them with positive feedback. We refer to newcomers’ perceptions of this feedback as “social validation.” This study examines the impact of social validation from peers and leaders on the development of organizational identification over time and the turnover attitudes of new employees. We found that perceptions of social validation significantly predicted how new employees used coping strategies to adapt to their new role over time, and consequently the development of identification and turnover intentions. Specifically, increased peer social validation predicted a greater use of positive coping strategies to engage with the new organization over time, and less use of disengagement coping strategies. In contrast, initial leader validation decreased newcomers’ disengagement from the organization over time. These results highlight the role of the social environment in the workplace in temporally shaping and validating newcomers’ adaptation efforts during transitions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-04-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1997
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199708)14:5<475::AID-MAR3>3.0.CO;2-5
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1982
DOI: 10.1177/144078338201800306
Abstract: Accurate statements about the impact of children upon our lives can only be made if we s le not only the attitudes of parents, but also married adults who voluntarily decided to forgo parenthood. First, this paper reviews the findings of previous Australian studies which have provided some information on the values and costs Australian parents perceive in having children. Second, a comparison is made between the perceived values and costs of children to 50 voluntarily childless wives and 35 of their husbands, and a matched-s le of parents.
Publisher: University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)
Date: 03-1982
DOI: 10.3138/JCFS.13.1.49
Abstract: The claim that children are valued greatly, but in , somewhat different ways by parents in various socio-economic and cultural groups was examined with a s le of Australian, Greek and Italian parents. Present results generally support earlier finding that husbands and wives have similar perceptions of childrearing, and for Australians in particular, higher socioeconomic status groups are less concerned about economic costs, and more sensitive to the restrictions of children. In contrast to the Australian-born, Southern European immigrants indicate somewhat more the Adult Status and Social Indentity benefits in having a family. While the cultural back ground of Southern Europeans appears instrumental in structuring the values of children, their lower socio-economic status appears to be a more significant explanation of differences between Southern Europeans and the native-born population in the costs of children and awareness of alternative sources of satisfaction to children.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Academy of Management
Date: 04-1995
DOI: 10.2307/256687
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-04-2021
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1916952
Abstract: In the increasingly commercialized healthcare environment in China, doctor-patient relationship (DPR) is a job demand for doctors that is linked to various motivational outcomes. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, and the conservation of resources theory, we develop a preliminary conceptual model that links Leader Member Exchange (LMX) as a job resource, and DPR as a challenge job demand, to the levels of work engagement and turnover intentions of doctors working in this healthcare environment. Using two-wave data collected from 381 doctors in a public hospital, we found support for the hypothesized model. Results of a series of SEM analyses revealed that LMX was positively related to DPR and work engagement, while DPR partially mediates the path from LMX to work engagement. In addition, LMX is negatively related to turnover intentions through DPR and subsequently work engagement. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of the JD-R model by investigating the concept of challenge job demand, and its role in the motivational process, with new evidence from healthcare occupations in China. Practically, this study contributes to the limited number of studies on managing the changing nature of the DPR in China, and in seeking potential solutions based on established organizational constructs.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-1984
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932000015327
Abstract: Twenty-seven voluntarily childless couples who had made early decisions prior to marriage not to have children were compared to 23 couples childless through a series of successive postponements of childbearing. While the two groups differed little on background characteristics, husbands in early deciding relationships were less feminine-oriented and their wives more masculine-oriented than husbands and wives in the postponing group. Early deciding couples revealed higher levels of commitment to their choice, especially being more likely to seek an abortion for any pregnancy or to adopt out any child. A repertory grid measure revealed few differences in perceptions of others by either group of deliberately childless couples.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1982
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1986
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1080/09595239200185031
Abstract: The alcohol consumption of 120 male and female college students was measured as they viewed a 90-min videotape of popular prime-time television programmes. Independent measures were the sex of the student, their drinker classification (light or moderate-heavy) and the number of alcohol advertisements (0, 6, 12) shown during the screening of the television programmes. Dependent measures were the number of drinks consumed, and the intentions of students to drive a motor vehicle after viewing the videotaped programmes. As predicted, males consumed more alcohol than females, and moderate-heavy drinkers consumed more than light drinkers. Male and female students who viewed six alcohol advertisements consumed more alcohol than students shown no alcohol advertisements or 12 alcohol advertisements. Analysis of intentions to drive after viewing the programmes revealed that the number of drinks consumed was not a significant covariate of driving intentions. Rather light drinkers of both sexes were less likely to intend to drive than moderate-heavy drinkers. Males exposed to alcohol advertisements were less likely to intend to drive than males who did not view alcohol advertisements. Different levels of exposure to alcohol advertisements did not influence the driving intentions of college females.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-1994
Abstract: Thirty-three couples were assessed in terms of their communication and relationship satisfaction, just before marriage and twice during the first 2 years, using questionnaire and interaction-based methods. There were few changes over time, except that couples lower in relationship satisfaction temporarily decreased their use of negative strategies and increased their use of positive strategies after 1 year. Spouses high in satisfaction after 2 years of marriage were less likely to manipulate the partner, to avoid dealing with conflict, to behave coercively and to engage in destructive patterns such as demand-withdraw. There were moderately strong effects of communication behaviours on concurrent relationship satisfaction. Communication behaviours predicted later satisfaction for wives only. Relationship satisfaction also predicted later communication behaviours for both husbands and wives, indicating a reciprocal relationship between these variables.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1980
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1983
DOI: 10.1177/0022002183014004002
Abstract: A s le population of 48 Anglo-Australian and 49 Greek-Australian male and female high school students made personality evaluations of standard Australian English and Greek-Australian-accented English. Ratings were along two dimensions (status and solidarity), and each speaker was rated on three passages representing an achievement-oriented, public context (school), a situation of intimacy and friendliness (home), and a friendly interaction in a public context (bus stop). On the status dimension, Greek-accented speakers were evaluated more negatively than Australian-accented speakers by both Anglo-Australian and Greek-Australian students. Greek-Australian female subjects were more extreme in their ratings than were Anglo-Australians or Greek-Australian males. On the bus stop passage, however, Greek-Australian subjects did not distinguish on the basis of accent. Finally, female subjects of both ethnic groups favored female speakers in the home context, while male subjects favored Anglo-Australian female speakers in the two public settings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF01132180
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-09-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8341.1989.TB02844.X
Abstract: Cognitive models of coping point to the use by in iduals of appraisal-focused, problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, as well as the need to consider an in idual's coping response in terms of their intrapersonal and interpersonal resources. This cognitive approach was applied to organizing findings from research into the experience of infertility. At least nine coping strategies are identified that can be employed by couples. Discussion also raises several research questions about the personal crisis of infertility that need to be further investigated.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF01129572
Abstract: Mechanical ventilation improves survival of preterm infants with respiratory failure. The aim of this study was to determine the success rate and short-term neonatal morbidities of early extubation in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Retrospective cohort study of ELBW infants admitted to a tertiary. neonatal intensive care referral unit from January 1 st to December 31 st , 2005. The primary outcome was the success rate of early extubation in ELBW infants who were intubated at delivery, extubated in the first 48 hours of life, and did not require reintubation within 72 hours following extubation. Thirty of the 95 eligible infants were extubated early of these 30 infants, 24 (80%) had a successful extubation. Infants extubated early had a higher mean birth weight (855 vs 745 g P<.0001) and gestational age (27.3 vs 25.6 weeks P<.0001). ELBW infants who were extubated early had lower rates of death (relative risk [RR], 0.05 95% CI, (0.0, 0.79) P=.003), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (RR, 0.23 95% CI, 0.08, 0.70 P=.008), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (RR, 0.76 95% CI, 0.60, 0.98 P=.03) compared with those who remained ventilated beyond the first 48 hours of life. The rate of successful early extubation in our unit exceeded the sole previously reported rate. Successful early extubation was associated with lower rates of death, IVH, and PDA in ELBW infants.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1981
DOI: 10.1007/BF01255800
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1177/0022022102033002005
Abstract: Data are presented showing how middle managers in 47 countries report handling eight specific work events. The data are used to test the ability of cultural value dimensions derived from the work of Hofstede, Trompenaars, and Schwartz to predict the specific sources of guidance on which managers rely. Focusing on sources of guidance is expected to provide a more precise basis than do generalized measures of values for understanding the behaviors that prevail within different cultures. Values are strongly predictive of reliance on those sources of guidance that are relevant to vertical relationships within organizations. However, values are less successful in predicting reliance on peers and on more tacit sources of guidance. Explaining national differences in these neglected aspects of organizational processes will require greater sensitivity to the culture-specific contexts within which they occur.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1982
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1080/10615809508249360
Abstract: Abstract The present study was designed to examine further the stress-adjustment relationship in employees. Specifically, the relations among employees' coping resources (self-esteem, generalized control beliefs, neuroticism, and social support), their appraisals of a recent stressful event experienced at work (appraised stress, self-efficacy, and situational control beliefs), the coping strategies (problem- and emotion-focused coping) used to deal with the event, and levels of employee adjustment (psychological well-being and job satisfaction) were examined. Data were collected from 153 male and female employees in a public sector department, employed in a range of middle-management administrative activities. The data provided support for a modified version of a model that proposed that both situational appraisals and coping strategies are mediating processes in the stress-adjustment relationship. There was evidence that employees' coping responses to the recent stressful event experienced at work were related to concurrent levels of adjustment. As predicted, the use of problem-focused coping, in general, had positive relationships with the measures of adjustment, whereas the effects of emotion-focused coping were generally negative (there was, however, some evidence that the effects of coping were dependent on event controllability). There was also evidence that coping resources had both direct and indirect effects (via coping and via situational appraisals) on employee adjustment. The latter effects were most marked for generalized control beliefs and self-esteem. Situational appraisals (in particular, efficacy expectancies) also had indirect effects on employee adjustment, through their effects on coping responses.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932083006215
Abstract: This paper examines the knowledge and use of contraception, and abortion decision-making of 212 Australian women who were seeking a repeat abortion in 1980. The analysis of questionnaires from a pregnancy and family planning clinic revealed that most women were seeking their second abortion. Single women were more likely to claim a slight knowledge of contraception and irregular use of contraceptives, and to attribute pregnancy to the failure of the pill. Women in de facto or cohabitation relationships were most likely to rate the abortion decision as difficult. Of the women who returned post-abortion questionnaires, almost all felt they had made the correct decision.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1988
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8341.1988.TB02772.X
Abstract: A comparison of 53 infertile women and 24 mothers who now experienced infertility revealed that infertile women reported less satisfaction with their lives as a whole. In contrast to mothers they rated life as less interesting, less rewarding, emptier, more lonely and they were less content.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-1983
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932000014504
Abstract: Comparison of single women who were initial and repeat abortion seekers revealed that the latter tended to perceive themselves as having a better knowledge of contraception, and to be more regular users of contraceptives. Repeat abortion seekers had more favourable attitudes towards abortion, and were more likely than first-time aborters to have initiated the abortion decision. Initial abortion seekers were somewhat more likely to rate their decision as most difficult. Both groups of single women mentioned similar reasons for wanting an abortion, although initial aborters mentioned somewhat more often the effect of the pregnancy upon career or studies, being unmarried, and disgracing their parents.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1984
Abstract: Eighty-four male and 84 female high-school students, who were urban whites, rural whites, or rural Australian Aborigines rated audiotapes of Aboriginal and white male and female speakers. Each speaker presented two standardcontent passages representing statusand solidarity-oriented contexts. Aboriginal students rated all speakers favourably, and rated Aboriginal speakers more favourably in the solidarity context. Rural white students, who had more contact with Aborigines than did urban whites, rated Aboriginal speakers more positively than did urban whites. Interactions involving sex of speaker revealed that traditional sex-roJedit6fotypes were applied according to context by urban white young people. Finallyt the discussion presents the possibility of a hierarchy of impressions based on speech, in which the application of sex-role stereotypes to outgroup sp4akers varies as a function of social distance from the group.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1993
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1997
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1992
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8341.1992.TB01707.X
Abstract: One hundred infertile women and 73 female controls completed three measures of psychological well-being (depression, self-esteem and self-confidence) on two occasions (Times 1 and 2), coinciding with the beginning and end of a failed IVF attempt by the infertile women. At Time 2, the IVF women were also asked to indicate whether they had used a number of different coping responses, in relation to dealing with their failed IVF attempt. As predicted, IVF women were more depressed and had lower self-esteem than controls prior to the treatment cycle, and both before and after the treatment cycle they were less self-confident. After the failed IVF procedure, IVF women were more depressed and had lower levels of self-esteem than they did prior to the treatment cycle. In terms of the effects of coping on the post-attempt well-being of the IVF women, the use of problem-focused coping was associated with high levels of well-being, while the use of avoidance coping and seeking social support was associated with low levels of well-being.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-09-2011
Abstract: Managerial leadership within 56 nations is examined in terms of the sources of guidance that managers use to handle work events. Correlations between the sources of guidance that managers use and the perceived effectiveness of how well these events are handled are employed to represent their schemas and attributional propensities for effectiveness. These correlations are predicted to vary in relation to dimensions of national culture. The hypotheses are tested using data from 7,701 managers. Reliance on one’s own experience and training, on formal rules and procedures, and on one’s subordinates are positively correlated with perceived effectiveness globally, whereas reliance on superiors, colleagues, and unwritten rules are negatively correlated with perceived effectiveness. Cross-level analyses revealed support for hypotheses specifying the ways in which each of these correlations is moderated by one or more of the dimensions of national culture first identified by Hofstede (1980). These results provide an advance on prior analyses that have tested only for main effect relationships between managerial leadership and national culture.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 11-1985
DOI: 10.2307/352349
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1997
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X970161001
Abstract: Using the framework of Communication Accommodation Theory, this study investigated the extent to which job applicants objectively and subjectively altered their accents to converge to or erge from the speech style of the interviewer. Forty-eight male and 48 female job applicants participated in two interviews for a casual research assistant position. In one interview, the interviewer had a broad Australian English accent, and in the other one, the interviewer had a cultivated accent. Applicants showed broader accents with broad-accented interviewers than with cultivated-accented interviewers. Applicants did not converge to the cultivated-accented interviewers, however, and male job applicants were more likely than were females to erge from the cultivated-accented interviewers. There were also discrepancies between objectively rated changes to applicants' accents and their subjective judgments about the extent of accent accommodation.
Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited
Date: 06-09-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1986
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-1971(86)80030-6
Abstract: This study examined across 281 families of different aged adolescents the similarity of parent‐adolescent perceptions of levels of adaptability and cohesion in families. Compared to parents, adolescents of almost all age groups (13–17 years) were less satisfied with levels of adaptability in families and so the ability of the family to change its roles and rules in relation to stress. Adolescents judged the present state of the family as more inflexible to changes in its structure than did parents. Asked about ideal levels of adaptability, fathers with 14 and 16 year old adolescents of both sexes, and fathers with 17 year old sons were least flexible about changes to the power and role structure of families. Scores on cohesion or the emotional bonding in families indicated that across family types parents judged the family as more cohesive than did adolescents. Adolescents, however, still showed fairly high levels of cohesion, although below their parents. Adolescents desire changes to power and roles in the family system, but still want a relatively cohesive and supportive family environment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF00872308
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 07-1989
DOI: 10.2307/585048
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1980
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1980
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2005
Abstract: Data provided by 7380 middle managers from 60 nations are used to determine whether demographic variables are correlated with managers’ reliance on vertical sources of guidance in different nations and whether these correlations differ depending on national culture characteristics. Significant effects of Hofstede’s national culture scores, age, gender, organization ownership and department function are found. After these main effects have been discounted, significant although weak interactions are found, indicating that demographic effects are stronger in in idualist, low power distance nations than elsewhere. Significant non-predicted interaction effects of uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity are also obtained. The implications for theory and practice of the use of demographic attributes in understanding effective management procedures in various parts of the world are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1984
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1999
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1177/10384162211012045
Abstract: Structural inequalities and stereotypes are held out as explanations for gender differences in reported levels of confidence. However, while it is reported that in the absence of stereotypes women and men should possess identical levels of self-confidence, no study to date has tested this hypothesis. Single sex schools were identified as an environment where structural bias might be mitigated. From a survey of 9,414 Australian adolescents aged 13–17 years attending single sex high schools, no significant difference in overall self-efficacy was identified between genders. Overall, by age cohort there was no significant difference between boys’ and girls’ self-efficacy, with a minor exception of the 15 years cohort. Self-efficacy levels were linked to participation in team sport and undertaking leadership roles. The study provides the first large scale study that demonstrates that women are no less confident than men under conditions where gendered structures are mitigated by their environment.
Publisher: University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)
Date: 03-1983
DOI: 10.3138/JCFS.14.1.87
Abstract: Recently attention has been given to the strategies adopted by the voluntarily childless to defend their non-conformity. In late 1980, voluntarily childless males and females responded to a questionnaire that obtained information on the stereotype they held of themselves and parents, and their perceptions of the positive and negative comments made by parents about their childlessness. In contrast to negative impressions held by the general community about intentional childlessness, the voluntarily childless presented themselves as, ‘intelligent’, ‘practical’, ‘in idualistic’, self-fulfilled’ and ‘well-adjusted’, while parents were described as ‘conventional’ and ‘restricted’. Negative comments received from parents, however, portrayed the childless as selfiish, unusual and persons to be pitied.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 28-08-2009
DOI: 10.1108/09534810910983479
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the charismatic dimension of transformational leadership on team processes and innovative outcomes in research and development (R& D) teams. Data are collected by surveying 34 teams that totalled 178 participants. Surveys measured charismatic leadership style, team identity, cooperative strategies and team innovation. Results reveal the importance of managers assuming a charismatic style of leadership to encourage innovation. Charismatic leaders promote team innovation by supporting a sense of team identity and commitment, and encourage team members to cooperate through the expression of ideas and participation in decisions. The study is conducted in a single R& D organization and future research should explore the influence of these factors in other settings. The measures of team innovation are based on the perceptions of the team members, and future research needs to include a wider variety of data sources over time. Successful team leaders who employ a more charismatic style facilitate more cooperative interactions in teams. Teams with a strong team identity combined with the exercise of cooperative behaviours are more innovative. The preliminary model tested enhances the understanding of the importance of the leaders in influencing team processes and innovation. Leaders who are more transformational in style influence followers by affecting their sense of identity. This sense of identity influences how well teams adopt and follow more cooperative strategies to resolve issues and to make decisions. In turn, the model shows how these factors influence team innovation.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 02-1985
DOI: 10.2307/352077
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2005
Abstract: This study developed and tested a model of job uncertainty for survivors and victims of downsizing. Data were collected from three s les of employees in a public hospital, each representing three phases of the downsizing process: immediately before the announcement of the redeployment of staff, during the implementation of the downsizing, and towards the end of the official change programme. As predicted, levels of job uncertainty and personal control had a direct relationship with emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. In addition, there was evidence to suggest that personal control mediated the relationship between job uncertainty and employee adjustment, a pattern of results that varied across each of the three phases of the change event. From the perspective of the organization’s overall climate, it was found that levels of job uncertainty, personal control and job satisfaction improved and/or stabilized over the downsizing process. During the implementation phase, survivors experienced higher levels of personal control than victims, but both groups of employees reported similar levels of job uncertainty. We discuss the implications of our results for strategically managing uncertainty during and after organizational change.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-12-2021
DOI: 10.1177/03128962211066536
Abstract: To better understand the links between gender ersity and board dynamics, 45 male chairs of large Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) firms were interviewed to identify the impacts of the appointment of women on board functioning. Chairs held very positive perceptions about the influence of women board members, including improved dynamics around reflexivity, communication and debate which assisted chairs to promote a sense of shared group membership and cohesion. Every chair consciously worked to ensure that board member gender was not made a salient attribute or social category. Irrespective of gender, chairs encouraged board members to judge themselves as fulfilling specific components of the board skills matrix, while also identifying as a social category of highly qualified professionals rather than as unique in iduals or factions categorised by gender difference or business track records. A preliminary social-psychological framework is proposed to guide future research and to promote improved boardroom practices. JEL classification: D23, D74, G41
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 08-1983
DOI: 10.2307/351665
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1989.TB03477.X
Abstract: This study examined direct and indirect influences of parents and peers on adolescent drinking. One hundred and six adolescents, their parents and a same-sex best friend of the adolescent each completed measures that tapped actual and perceived drinking behaviour, and normative standards for alcohol use. Of methodological interest was that adolescents of both sexes provided accurate reports of their parents' and peer's drinking, as well as drinking norms. Path analyses revealed different effects for male and female adolescents. Strongest predictors of alcohol use for males were their perceptions of their father's and mother's drinking, and their father's actual drinking. Best friend's drinking was positively related to the adolescent males' perceptions of themselves as a drinker. The single predictor of their internalized norms was the perception adolescent males had of their friend's drinking. Significantly, the adolescent male's own norms predicted how much and what they drank. For adolescent females, how much they believed their best friend drank, and their friend's normative standards, were the strongest predictors of alcohol use. Father's drinking also influenced the drinking practices of daughters, but mothers had no impact on their daughters' alcohol use. In contrast to young males, females' personal preferences or liking of alcohol successfully predicted most of their drinking behaviour.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1988
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8341.1988.TB02785.X
Abstract: One hundred and thirty parents who had experienced a perinatal death completed a self-administered questionnaire that examined the demographic characteristics of parents, factors associated with the loss, and their levels of satisfaction with the amount of support they received. In addition, they completed scales measuring current levels of depression, self-esteem and psychological well-being. Comparisons with available norms revealed that, while parents were more depressed than general members of the community, they showed fewer symptoms of depression than did depressed patients. In addition, results revealed that less depressed parents were more satisfied with the level of support and comfort they received from doctors and nurses after the loss of their infant. Greater satisfaction with the support from hospital staff also predicted higher levels of self-esteem, as did being satisfied with opportunities to be with the baby. Being more pleased with support from hospital staff and partners also predicted higher levels of psychological well-being. Parents who reported higher well-being were more likely to have experienced a neonatal death, and were satisfied with the opportunities they had had to create special memories of their baby. In the case of happier parents more time had elapsed since the loss of the child.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1985
Publisher: Monash University
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.2104/MBR08031
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1984
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1991
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2001
Abstract: Adopting an intergroup perspective, the research was designed to examine predictors of employee responses to an organizational merger. Data were collected from 465 fleet staff employed in a newly merged airline company. As predicted from social identity theory, the negative effects of the merger were most marked for employees of the low-status premerger organization. Also, as predicted, the perception of permeable intergroup boundaries in the new organization was associated positively with identification with the new organization and both job-related and person-related outcomes among employees of the low-status premerger organization but negatively with person-related outcomes among employees of the high-status premerger organization. As predicted, there was some evidence that the main and interactive effects involving status, perceived permeability, and intergroup contact on employee adjustment were mediated through strength of identification with the new organization.
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 07-1984
Abstract: It is proposed that older adolescents become more sensitive to parental norms about alcohol use. Seventy-two father-mother-daughter triads and 30 father-mother-son triads rated structural attitude statements about alcohol and drinking. Factor analyses yielded six dimensions of attitudes toward alcohol. Sons and parents had similar attitudes overall, with perceptions differing more on the sociability factor. There were a larger number of differences in the attitudes of parents and their daughters, especially concerning women drinking, moderate uses of alcohol and social status benefits from drinking. Daughters' attitudes were more likely to be different from both parents' attitudes than were sons' attitudes. The attitudes of daughters toward alcohol were discussed with reference to changes in women's roles and differences in their education and lifestyle.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1992
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1993
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1983
DOI: 10.3109/00048678309161285
Abstract: One hundred and thirty-three (76 male, 57 female) Papua New Guinean (PNG) and 144 (93 male, 51 female) Australian high school students completed a series of structured and open-ended measures on attitudes to the mentally ill, especially opinions about the nature of mental illness, characteristics of the mentally ill, and treatment. Both groups of students suggested hereditary and environmental causes, with PNG students citing more often witchcraft and sorcery. Australian students generally presented more favourable attitudes to mental illness, in that they were more willing to work with or marry the mentally ill. PNG students, however, were more likely to highlight the disruptive, violent behaviour of the long long and possibly held a much narrower view of the types of persons labelled mentally ill.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2006
Abstract: Rumors collected from a large public hospital undergoing change were content analyzed, and a typology comprising the following five broad types of change-related rumors was developed: rumors about changes to job and working conditions, nature of organizational change, poor change management, consequences of the change for organizational performance, and gossiprumors. Rumors were also classified as positive or negative on the basis of their content. As predicted, negative rumors were more prevalent than positive rumors. Finally, employees reporting negative rumors also reported more change-related stress as compared to those who reported positive rumors and those who did not report any rumors. The authors propose that rumors be treated as verbal symbols and expressions of employee concerns during organizational change.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-06-2015
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1108/02683940610650758
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to confirm predictions that employee reports of psychological climate, appraisals of change and levels of adjustment during a change programme would be more positive for employees in higher status groups (operationalized as hierarchical level in the organization and occupational role). Two questionnaire studies were conducted and data were analysed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Study one examined differences among 669 public sector employees as a function of status (organizational hierarchal level). Study two examined differences among 732 hospital employees as a function of role (occupational group) and status (managerial responsibility). The results of study one revealed that upper level staff reported more positive attitudes during change, across a range of indicators. The results of study two showed that non‐clinical staff reported more negative attitudes during change than other occupational groups. In addition, managers appraised change as more stressful than non‐managers, but felt more in control of the situation. A limitation of the paper is the cross sectional and self‐report nature of measurement. Future research could utilize a longitudinal design and collect alternative sources of data to indicate the constructs of interest, e.g. supervisor ratings of employee adjustment during change. Together, the results of both studies highlighted the importance of implementing change management interventions that are targeted at the sub‐group level. The findings of the paper add empirical evidence to the emerging literature on group differences in adjustment during organizational change. The paper will be of interest to academics and practicing managers, particularly those concerned with the effective management of change programmes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1989
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1981
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1002/SMI.935
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-1984
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932000015017
Abstract: The voluntarily childless and parents of one child by choice might be expected to make strong use of sterilization. This study examined the reasons given by couples who were early articulators of voluntary childlessness, couples childless through postponement, and mothers of a single child, for selecting or avoiding sterilization. Early articulators were more likely to be sterilized and more often reported difficulties in arranging sterilization than did those who were postponing parenthood. Among the voluntarily childless and mothers of a single child who were not sterilized, respondents cited its finality, aversion to non-essential surgery, and satisfaction with present methods. Clinic data on requests for reversals of previous vasectomies revealed that neither the intentionally childless nor single child parents were over-represented among men seeking reversals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1990
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.3109/10826089909035656
Abstract: Structural equation models were used to test the effectiveness of various theories in predicting cigarette smoking among adolescents. Maximum-likelihood estimation, as implemented in LISREL for Windows 8.12, was used to compare the theory of reasoned action (TRA), the theory of planned behavior, and a modified version of the theory of reasoned action incorporating past behavior. Respondents consisted of 225 high school students who were questioned in 1994 about their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, past behavior, intentions, and actual behavior relating to the use of cigarettes. Results indicated that the modification of the TRA incorporating past behavior provided a marginally better fit than the other models. For this group of high school students, attitudes toward smoking, past behavior in relation to smoking, and perceptions of what significant others think they should do were significant predictors of their intentions to smoke. Intentions, together with past behavior, predicted their actual behavior. The models used in the present research show that this behavior can be explained with reference to a small number of key variables which are useful for furthering our understanding of the structure of adolescent smoking.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1982
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01537077
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1080/09595239000185021
Abstract: Completing a diary over two weeks, 201 young adults recorded each of their drinking events, and information about the context and their motivations for alcohol use. Males reported almost twice as many drinking events and three times the number of drinks over the two-week period. At the same time, males and females mostly drank from Wednesdays to Sundays, with the majority of beer, wine and spirit consumption being between 4 p.m. and midnight. Most drinking occurred in mixed-sex peer groups, and the next greatest in family gatherings. Males mostly drank beer, while females chose either wine or spirits. Most drinking was in bars or at home. Males tended to drink for a wider range of reasons. The advantages of using prospective diaries in studies of young adults' alcohol use are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-06-2007
Abstract: Three experiments examine the extent to which newcomers are able to influence their groups relative to old-timers. Specifically, how group members respond to criticisms of their group was assessed as a function of the intragroup position of the speaker. When criticizing their workplace (Experiment 1 N = 116), their profession (Experiment 2 N = 106), or an Internet community (Experiment 3 N = 189), newcomers aroused more resistance than old-timers, an effect that was mediated by perceptions of how attached critics were to their group identity. Experiment 3 also showed that newcomers could reduce resistance to their criticisms by distancing themselves from a group of which they were previously members. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1980
Abstract: Between May 1977 and February 1978, 717 Australian, Greek, and Italian parents were interviewed in Sydney, Australia, concerning their attitudes to having children. Open-ended questions related to the advantages and disadvantages of having children provided measures of the economic and social-psychological values and costs of children to parents. Analysis of responses to these questions showed that Southern Europeans were more likely to mention the benefits of children in completing the marriage and in establishing the family unit. The major costs of children to all groups were reported as economic, concerns about the care of children, and restrictions to parents. A number of multiple regression analyses revealed that the psychological variables for Southern European parents provided substantial explanatory power in the prediction of the number of children wanted by them. The variance explained for Australians, however, was considerably smaller. It is suggested that measures which take into account changes in attitudes to having children with the experience of child rearing might improve upon the percentage of variance explained by social-psychological indices.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2017
DOI: 10.1002/JOB.2131
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1982
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1996
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1700(199604)12:2<105::AID-SMI695>3.0.CO;2-Q
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 11-1986
DOI: 10.2307/352574
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2006
Abstract: This study tested the utility of a stress and coping model of employee adjustment to a merger. Two hundred and twenty employees completed both questionnaires (Time 1: 3 months after merger implementation Time 2: 2 years later). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that positive event characteristics predicted greater appraisals of self-efficacy and less stress at Time 1. Self-efficacy, in turn, predicted greater use of problem-focused coping at Time 2, whereas stress predicted a greater use of problem-focused and avoidance coping. Finally, problem-focused coping predicted higher levels of job satisfaction and identification with the merged organization (Time 2), whereas avoidance coping predicted lower identification.
Publisher: University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)
Date: 10-1985
Abstract: Eighty-eight (45 male, 43 female) Greek-Australian and 89 (43 male, 46 female) Anglo-Australian young people, all residents of a multi-ethnic city with relatively small immigrant groups, completed a self-administered questionnaire which explored sexrole orientation and stereotypes and attitudes to marriage. Greek-Australian subjects of both sexes described themselves as having higher levels of masculine traits, and to desire these traits more, than did Anglo-Australian subjects. Other results revealed that Greek-Australian subjects advocated a less egalitarian pattern of decision-making within marriage, and that they placed more importance than Anglo-Australians on the practical and familial aspects of married life. Thus, Greek values and attitudes to marriage and sex roles appear to maintain some influence on these second generation Greek-Australians.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1997
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1991
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1984
DOI: 10.2190/2LP8-8JFC-XKPP-HP1J
Abstract: Little is known of the drinking habits and attitudes to alcohol of young people in the developing nations. This research compared the alcohol-related attitudes and stereotypes of 677 Papua New Guinea high school youth to those held by 315 Australian and 166 American school students. While the overwhelming majority of Australian and American students had drunk alcohol, the majority of Papua New Guinean young people had not drunk alcoholic beverages. Papua New Guinean students gave higher ratings on reasons for drinking, and especially emphasized more than other students that alcohol was related to feelings of being important and friendships. These alcohol-related benefits were more salient to Papua New Guinean males than females. A measure of stereotypes revealed that Papua New Guinean students had more definite stereotypes about heavy drinkers than other students, while the strength of stereotypes was more similar across countries on impressions of non-drinkers. The personality traits attributed to drinkers and non-drinkers also differed across cultures. Finally, almost all Papua New Guinean male and female teenagers thought that women should not drink alcohol.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-2003
DOI: 10.1108/EB028976
Abstract: Using a multi‐method approach, this paper presents both a qualitative and quantitative examination of workplace conflict, the emotional reactions to bullying and counterproductive behaviors. Three studies were undertaken for the present research. Data for Study 1 emerged from semi‐structured interviews conducted with 50 group leaders and members from six workgroups in two large organizations. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using systematic interpretative techniques. Findings from Study 1 showed that conflict induced a variety of emotional and behavioral responses. Data from Study 2 were collected from 660 employees from 7 public sector organizations using a structured open‐ended survey. Results from Study 2 revealed that the majority of respondents perceived their managers as bullies. Study 3 surveyed 510 staff in 122 workgroups from five organizations. Regression analysis revealed that differing conflict events were associated with bullying, emotional reactions and counterproductive behaviors. In particular, prolonged conflict increased incidents of bullying. Higher levels of bullying were predictive of workplace counterproductive behaviors such as purposely wasting company material and supplies, purposely doing one's work incorrectly and purposely damaging a valuable piece of property belonging to the employer.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1984
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1984.TB03890.X
Abstract: The number of hospital beds per capita, an important measure of equity in healthcare availability and resource allocation, was found to vary across geographic areas in many countries, including the USA. The hospital service areas (HSAs) have proven to be more meaningful spatial units for studying health-seeking behaviors and health resource allocation and service utilization. However, when evaluating the geographical balance in ratios of hospital beds to population (HBtP), no existing HSA delineation methods directly consider the underlying population distribution. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this study incorporated the State Inpatient Database with census data to develop a population-based HSA delineation method. The census-derived HSAs were produced for Florida and were validated by aggregating and comparing with the traditional flow-based HSAs. The difference in current ratios of HBtP between the most over- and under-served HSAs was approximately 60 times. Significant clusters of high and low ratios were found in Miami and Jacksonville metropolitan areas, respectively. Such results may be of interest to relevant stakeholders and contribute to planning and optimization of hospital resource allocation and healthcare policy-making. Furthermore, the discovery of a strong correlation between the numbers of hospital discharges and the population at ZIP code level holds a remarkable potential for affordable population estimation, especially in non-census years.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 02-09-2009
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199211913.003.0017
Abstract: This article aims to outline the context in which engagement and retention crises have arisen in organizations today. It reviews what it means for an employee to be engaged in the workplace how good levels of engagement result in better mental and physical health and improved job satisfaction and what psychological conditions might shape engagement. In particular, while acknowledging that many facilitating agents and factors are at work in building employee engagement, this article argues that the transformational leadership behaviors of front-line supervisors play a critical role in determining various conditions that influence employee engagement, and in turn their health, satisfaction, and retention. Finally, this article discusses future directions and implications for employee engagement research, as well as the role of supervisors in shaping the workplace conditions that better meet the needs of workers.
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 09-1997
Abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of various attitude-behavior theories in explaining alcohol use among young adults. The theory of reasoned action (TRA), the theory of planned behavior and an extension of the TRA that incorporates past behavior were compared by the method of maximum-likelihood estimation, as implemented in LISREL for Windows 8.12. Respondents consisted of 122 university students (82 female) who were questioned about their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, past behavior and intentions relating to drinking behavior. Students received course credit for their participation in the research. Overall, the results suggest that the extension of the theory of reasoned action which incorporates past behavior provides the best fit to the data. For these young adults, their intentions to drink alcohol were predicted by their past behavior as well as their perceptions of what important others think they should do (subjective norm). The main conclusions drawn from the research concern the importance of focusing on normative influences and past behavior in explaining young adult alcohol use. Issues regarding the relative merit of various alternative models and the need for greater clarity in the measure of attitudes are also discussed.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1983
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 13-06-2008
DOI: 10.1108/01437730810876122
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of organizational level on employees' perceptions and reactions to a complex organizational change involving proposed work force redesign, downsizing and a physical move to a new hospital. Participants included executives, supervisory and non‐supervisory staff in a major tertiary hospital. Recorded in‐depth interviews were conducted with 61 employees about the positive and negative aspects of the change. A total of 12 themes were identified from content coding, including emotional responses and attitudes toward the change, issues about the management of the change process and about change outcomes. Supervisory and non‐supervisory staff referred more to conflict and isions, and expressed more negative attitudes toward the change, than did executives. Executives and supervisory staff focused more on planning challenges and potential outcomes of the change than did non‐supervisory staff. Finally, compared to other staff, executives focused more on participation in the change process and communication about the change process. This study examines the organizational change at only one time point in one organization. Perceptions of the change may change over time, and other identities like professional identity may influence perceptions. These findings suggest that change agents should consider the needs of different organizational groups in order to achieve effective and successful organizational change. This study clearly shows the impact of organizational level, identifying similarities and differences in perceptions of change across level.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1989
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1983
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2008
Abstract: The authors seek to advance research on conflict and emotions by integrating features of conflict, reactions to conflict, and team emotional intelligence climate. They tested hypothesized links between variables with data collected from 528 employees in 97 organizational teams. Results revealed that teams with less-well-defined emotional intelligence climates were associated with increased task and relationship conflict and increased conflict intensity. In addition, team emotional intelligence climate, especially conflict management norms, moderated the link between task conflict and destructive reactions to conflict. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1992
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.2307/2545926
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1992
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1992.TB02718.X
Abstract: One hundred and twenty-two college students over a 2-week period completed a diary of their drinking habits and reasons for drinking, as well as a structured questionnaire about drinking attitudes and habits. Daily consumption based on the diary was compared with consumption based on a quantity-frequency measure within the questionnaire. There were no significant differences between estimates of consumption based on the two measures, and both measures were highly correlated. The questionnaire was more accurate in classifying drinkers and non-drinkers and led to better identification of those classified as hazardous and harmful drinkers. Sex differences in beliefs about drinking, as well as differences according to drinker classification, were found. Unsafe drinkers rated their drinking episodes as significantly more satisfying, comforting and exciting than other drinkers and were more likely to drink in order to get drunk and to relax. Their beliefs, attitudes and intentions also were more favourable towards the consumption of alcohol. Hotels or clubs were the most preferred locations for beer and spirits consumption while wine was consumed mainly at home. Most drinking took place within a mixed group or with close friends. Findings are discussed in terms of the relative advantages of both diary and quantity-frequency/questionnaire methods.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1997
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF01258959
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-09-2020
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1108/EB022873
Abstract: This study presents an investigation of the communicative behaviors and strategies employed in the stimulation and management of productive and destructive conflict in culturally heterogeneous workgroups. Using communication accommodation theory (CAT), we argue that the type and course of conflict in culturally heterogeneous workgroups is impacted by the communicative behaviors and strategies employed by group members during interactions. Analysis of data from participant observations, non‐participant observations, semi‐structured interviews, and self‐report questionnaires support CAT‐based predictions and provide fresh insights into the triggers and management strategies associated with conflict in culturally heterogeneous workgroups. In particular, results indicated that the more groups used discourse management strategies, the more they experienced productive conflict. In addition, the use of explanation and checking of own and others' understanding was a major feature of productive conflict, while speech interruptions emerged as a strategy leading to potential destructive conflict. Groups where leaders emerged and assisted in reversing communication breakdowns were better able to manage their discourse, and achieved consensus on task processes. Contributions to the understanding of the triggers and the management of productive conflict in culturally heterogeneous workgroups are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1989
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(89)90066-9
Abstract: This study assessed the relationship between premenstrual dysphoria reflected in the Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) and the Daily Ratings Form (DRF) dimensions of dysphoric mood, physical discomfort, energy levels, consumption and levels of alcohol, sex and activity. Reports of 59% of women with PAF Major Depressive Syndrome were confirmed by their DRF dysphoric mood score, compared with 27% of women with PAF Minor Depressive Syndrome. Women with confirmed premenstrual dysphoria (PMS + group) had significantly higher levels of mood dysphoria, physical discomfort and lower energy levels than the control group at the premenstrual phase. Higher levels of consumption overall were reported premenstrually than postmenstrually. There were no significant differences between groups on the dimension of more alcohol, sex and activity. Implications for future assessment are discussed.
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 03-1986
Abstract: Twenty-one adolescent children of recovered alcoholic fathers and 14 children of alcoholic fathers were compared with 35 sociodemographically matched children on aspects of family and personal adjustment, the parent-child relationship and perceptions of alcoholism. Children of recovered alcoholics and controls rated their families as happier and more trusting, cohesive, secure and affectionate than children of families where father still drank alcohol. Adolescents scored similarly on measures of self-esteem and locus of control, but children of alcoholics were less happy with their lives. The three groups did not differ in their relationships with either parent. Children of alcoholic or recovered alcoholic fathers were less likely to attribute alcoholism to internal causes than controls, however, and were more positive about alcoholics and their recovery.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 1984
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932000014772
Abstract: The present study of 329 Australian and 281 Papua New Guinean (PNG) high school youth compared students' perceptions of the economic role of children, the importance of personal aspirations, evidence of support for the conjugal family and for cultural props. As predicted, the economic role of children was more important to PNG students, and considerably less so to young Australians. Predicted differences in personal aspirations were less clear cut, but young Australians cited more frequently the restrictions and economic costs in having children. In addition, Australians emphasized more than PNG students the pleasure, pride, fulfilment and achievement in having children. As expected in a low fertility country, Australian students mentioned more often the love and companionship of children, although students in both countries had similar views about the impact of children upon the marital relationship. Lineage and religious benefits from children were more salient to PNG youth.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1985
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 11-1987
DOI: 10.2307/351978
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-12-2010
Abstract: In an extension of organizational identity research, we draw on place identity theory (PIT) to argue that employees’ identification with their place of work influences their perceptions of large-scale organizational change. To determine how different types of employees respond to threats to their sense of place identity, we conducted 34 interviews with senior and middle managers, supervisory and nonsupervisory staff, and external stakeholders at a public hospital undergoing change. Groups of employees at lower levels of the organizational hierarchy experienced a stronger sense of place and belongingness and greater disruption to their place identity than those at higher levels. We discuss how place identity operates as a component of social identity as well as the responses managers can make to ways in which employees with different place identifications deal with change.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF01006473
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1995
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1988
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.1988.TB00532.X
Abstract: We evaluated the expression of human trophoblast cell-surface marker (Trop-2) and the potential of hRS7, a humanized monoclonal anti-Trop-2 antibody, against treatment-refractory cervical cancer. Trop-2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. Sensitivity to hRS7 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity was tested in 5-hour chromium release assays. The effect of interleukin (IL)-2 on hRS7 ADCC was also investigated. Membrane Trop-2 expression was observed in 8 of 8 (100%) of the cancer s les tested by immunohistochemistry, but not in normal cervix. High messenger RNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and high Trop-2 surface expression by flow cytometry were detected in 80% of cervical cancers (4 of 5 cell lines). Although these tumors were resistant to natural killer cell-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro (mean killing, 6.0%), Trop-2-positive cell lines showed high sensitivity to hRS7 ADCC (range of killing, 30.6-73.2%). Incubation with IL-2 further increased the level of cytotoxicity against Trop-2-positive tumors. hRS7 may represent a novel treatment option for patients with cervical cancer refractory to conventional treatment modalities.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1999
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X99018002001
Abstract: This study describes a coding system developed to operationalize the sociolinguistic strategies proposed by communication accommodation theory (CAT) in an academic context. Fifty interactions between two students (of Australian or Chinese ethnic background) or a student and faculty member were videotaped. A turn-and episode-based coding system was developed, focusing on verbal and nonverbal behavior. The development of this system is described in detail, before results are presented. Results indicated that status was the main influence on choice of strategies, particularly the extent and type of discourse management and interpersonal control. Participants’ sex and ethnicity also played a role: Male participants made more use of interpretability (largely questions), whereas female participants used discourse management to develop a shared perspective. The results make clear that there is no automatic correspondence between behaviors and the strategies they constitute, and they point to the appropriateness of conceptualizing behavior and strategies separately in CAT.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 17-05-2013
DOI: 10.1108/09534811311328597
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of how transformational leaders influence R& D team outcomes around being more innovative. In particular, the study aims to focus on the role of group identification in mediating innovative outcomes. In total, 104 participants in a large Australian R& D organization were surveyed twice during a 12 month period of major restructuring and change. These matched respondents came from 29 different teams. Results revealed that group identification and perceived support for creativity exerted equal independent effects in fully mediating the relationship between transformational leadership and team innovation. The potential for leadership to influence innovation through identification raises interesting alternative possibilities. Future research may generate new insights by investigating alternative s les, leadership styles or using qualitative methods. Findings point to how a more transformational style of leadership influences team climate and identification, and in turn innovation in the context of scientific R& D teams. Such styles do produce better outcomes, both for the organization around more innovative products and processes, but also for team members who engage in more creative team environments. These findings add to the conceptual understanding of processes through which transformational styles of leadership promote innovation, and highlight the benefits gained by promoting more transformational styles of leadership to generate more innovative outcomes from teams and employees.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1988
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1080/09595239200185051
Abstract: In 16 families, half of which had an alcoholic parent, both parents and an adolescent were videotaped interacting with each other. Mothers, fathers and the adolescent in each family viewed the videotaped interaction and completed ratings of themselves and the other two family members on levels of anxiety, involvement, dominance and friendliness. In families with an alcoholic parent, adolescents and their mothers rated family members as less anxious than did adolescents and mothers in families without a drinking problem. Also mothers in the alcoholic families rated family members as being more involved, and their ratings were higher than mothers in other families. Alcoholic families rated parent-adolescent interactions as more dominant and friendlier. At least in these videotaped interactions where alcohol was not being consumed, mothers in alcoholic families adopted a more positive view of family members than mothers in other families. In addition, possibly due to the efforts of fathers not to drink and memories of interactions when he was drunk, alcoholic families perceived their family interactions as more dominant and friendlier than families without an alcohol-related problem.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-07-2015
Abstract: Although there has been significant research into coping with work stress, support mobilization has been largely overlooked. When workplace stressors adversely influence employees, they often turn to colleagues and supervisors for feedback and support. This article outlines the development of a new multidimensional measure of support mobilization: the Support Mobilization for Work Stressors (SMWS) inventory. Two studies revealed that the SMWS inventory shows evidence of reliability, factor structure dimensionality and replication across s les, convergent and discriminant validity with a perceived available support measure, and criterion-related validity with organizational outcomes. The 12-item inventory is rated with reference to three sources of support (supervisor, colleagues, non-work people), and assesses how often an employee has approached each of those sources to obtain four supportive functions (emotional, informational, instrumental, appraisal) thus producing 12 distinct support mobilization constructs.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 05-1986
DOI: 10.2307/352393
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1985
DOI: 10.3109/10826088509044934
Abstract: Six hundred and seventy-seven indigenous Papua New Guinean, 315 Australian, and 166 American high school teenagers completed a series of measures on attitudes to alcohol. Papua New Guinean students differed most from other students in considering that money was wasted on alcohol and that preventive steps should be adopted to ban sales of take-away alcohol. In addition, Papua New Guinean males and females were more likely than other teenagers to feel that women should not drink alcoholic beverages. Within countries, males and females had fairly similar attitudes about alcohol and alcohol-related issues, and where differences occurred, males generally were less likely to highlight the costs of alcohol abuse.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 06-1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/IJTD.12152
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-06-2022
DOI: 10.1177/10596011221102297
Abstract: Workplace mavericks are seen as highly disruptive, engaging in unconventional behavior and showing apparent disregard for organizational norms, policies, and procedures. Despite this, some organizational leaders successfully leverage maverick behaviors to progress and achieve higher order organizational agendas. This paper challenges the former view by investigating the positive value maverickism provides organizations. Guided by the conceptualization of mavericks’ non-conformity as a form of positive deviance, two studies were conducted. Study 1 analyzed secondary data sources within the scientific research field to determine organizational performance requirements and expectations. Study 2 interviewed 28 mavericks and 27 leaders of mavericks in the same field. Data collection and analysis was guided by Bourdieu’s (1990) theoretical and methodological constructs—field, capital, and habitus. Results highlight that, while mavericks challenge and often ignore many organizational norms, their disruption is driven by the desire to achieve higher order goals benefitting their organizations and communities. Operating within boundaries set by these higher order values, mavericks not only embody traditional cultural capitals expected in their field but also offer valuable capitals traditionally possessed by those more senior in the field. This powerful combination of capitals produces additional symbolic capital which allows them to influence organizational decision-making despite not conforming to lower order organizational norms. At an applied level, valuable capitals associated with maverickism can be leveraged by leaders to support transformational change. To do this, organizational leaders need to recognize mavericks’ strengths through allowing them, as positive deviants, to challenge the status quo and to find alternative pathways to achieve organizational goals.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1990
DOI: 10.1080/09595239000185311
Abstract: One hundred and twenty-two students from the University of Queensland were surveyed regarding their attitudes and behaviour toward alcohol. As an extension of earlier investigations at the same university the study provides some monitoring of drinking levels over 8 years. Results indicate that the quantity and frequency of male consumption continues to be greater than that of females. Sex differences were also evident in beverage preferences. An increase in the proportion of males drinking more than 40 grams of alcohol per day was noted. The implications of this finding are discussed within the broader context of comparisons across studies and with reference to National Health and Medical Research Council recommendations for alcohol consumption.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2004
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-1984
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932000015054
Abstract: This study employed similarity judgments to determine the dimensions used in distinguishing between methods of contraception, and to investigate in idual differences in the use of these dimensions. Three groups of subjects rated the similarity of seventeen methods of contraception, and also rated each method on a number of adjective scales. Multidimensional scaling of the similarity judgments revealed two dimensions: one related to effectiveness, expense, and safety, and the other differentiating between standard and non-standard methods of contraception (or natural and non-natural ones). In addition, methods of contraception were arrayed in the space mainly on the basis of physical similarity. Analyses of the rating scales indicated that subjects perceived methods accurately in terms of effectiveness, but were inaccurate in their ratings of safety to the user. Finally, analysis of in idual differences indicated that the second dimension was more salient to younger than to older subjects, but did not reveal differences related to religion or contraceptive use.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1990
DOI: 10.1080/09595239000185431
Abstract: The topic of drugs is a sensitive issue and an area where considerable conflict and disagreement may exist between parents and children. In this study, 50 family groups (consisting of father-mother-adolescent-adolescent's friend) responded to questions about a range of legal and illegal drugs used in Australia. A multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that parents, adolescents, and adolescents' best friends had similar perceptions about drugs, especially distinctions between legal and illegal substances, and drugs used more by younger people. LSD, cocaine and heroin were judged by all groups as causing personal and family problems, being strong and dangerous, not socially acceptable, bad for one's health and associated with crime. Marihuana, tobacco and alcohol were judged in opposite terms, as well as being perceived as popular, widespread and used by youth. Subjects' perceptions of drugs were very similar to representative state and national community s les, but were inaccurate when compared to official figures for drug prevalence and morbidity. In particular, respondents showed little appreciation of the problems associated with widely available legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 1988
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1994
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1992
DOI: 10.1016/0140-1971(92)90067-F
Abstract: The study adopts a multi‐dimensional construct of self‐esteem to examine the relationship between self‐perception and psychological adjustment in order to identify specific dimensions that discriminate between disturbed and non‐disturbed groups. The disturbed group ( n = 33) is derived from a clinical s le and are matched with a non‐disturbed group ( n = 33) of adolescents. Results indicate that dimensional self‐concept scores are significantly lower for clinical subjects while there are no significant differences between groups on the mathematics, honesty, and physical ability dimensions. These findings provide a more fine grained understanding of the relationship between self‐esteem and psychological adjustment and emphasize the need to examine self‐esteem in terms of its particular dimensions.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-05-2016
DOI: 10.1108/IJCHM-08-2014-0391
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify across a number of workplace variables the similarities and differences in attitudes between three key frontline hotel worker groups: housekeepers, front office employees and food and beverage front-of-house staff. A qualitative study was conducted using 25 semi-structured interviews with frontline workers employed in full-service hotels across Eastern Australia. Analysis was augmented through the Leximancer® software package to develop relational themes in the aggregation and disaggregation of the occupations. Although work/life balance was a common theme across the three occupations, several distinct attitudinal differences emerged, in particular regarding perceptions of one occupational group towards another. This study highlights the importance of hotel managers being cognisant of occupational differences and collecting data capable of assisting in the identification of these differences. Several practitioner relevant recommendations are made. This exploratory study challenges assumptions regarding a “pan-industrial” hospitality occupational community and applies an emerging qualitative software package to highlight occupational differences and relational perceptions.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.2307/2546129
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-04-2011
Abstract: This article explores the predictive properties of talk as an indicator of failure to change. As part of the exploration of organizational change, researchers regularly focus on how discourse is used and applied to achieve certain processes and outcomes. This position presents change as a function of particular types of communication and its interpretation. Using longitudinal data of an organization’s technology change, we propose that the way employees talk about planned organizational change, as a group, signals and can be used to recognize eventual failure to change. Extending current trends in discursive analyses, we establish talk as a reflective device, in the context of tracking failure while it occurs, by combining social identity theory (SIT) with a language and social psychology (LASP) approach. In doing so, the discourse of failure can be viewed as part of an intergroup phenomenon experienced and interpreted through organizational memberships.
Publisher: The Haworth Press
Date: 06-01-1997
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1997
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-1994
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the proposal of Communication Accommodation Theory that evaluations are affected by whether a speaker's behaviour is accommodative or nonaccommodative, by comparing the impact of ethnic group, status as a student or lecturer, accommodative behaviour, and the behaviour of the other interactant, on evaluations of power and solidarity. Anglo-Australian and Chinese overseas students and Australian academic staff members rated videotapes of same-sex interactions between an Australian or a Chinese student and an Australian lecturer. There were five versions of the interaction: underaccommodating studentlaccommodating lecturer, overaccommodating studentlaccommodating lecturer, accommodating student and lecturer, under-accommodating lecturer/accommodating student, and overaccommodating lectureri accommodating student. Results indicated that behaviour was a strong influence on ratings, with accommodation generally rated more favourably than nonaccommodation. Social status interacted with behaviour in influencing evaluations of both power and solidarity. In addition, there was some evidence of in-group ethnic and status bias, especially by students, for ratings of power Finally, effects due to the behaviour of the other interactant appeared mainly for evaluations of power These results highlight the complexity and the importance of the context of an interaction on reactions to communication accommodation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1982
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1081/JA-120023473
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1992
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-07-2019
No related grants have been discovered for Victor Callan.