ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6297-0593
Current Organisation
RMIT University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Road And Rail Transportation | Transportation and Freight Services | Environmental And Occupational Health And Safety | Learning, Memory, Cognition And Language | Sensory Processes, Perception And Performance | Civil Engineering | Police Administration, Procedures And Practice | Interfaces And Presentation (Excl. Computer-Human Interaction) | Transport Engineering | Criminology | Psychology | Psychology Not Elsewhere Classified | Public Health And Health Services Not Elsewhere Classified | Engineering/Technology Instrumentation | Transport Economics | Transportation Not Elsewhere Classified | Quality Management | Business And Management Not Elsewhere Classified
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Road safety | Injury control | Management | Law enforcement | Automotive equipment | Ground transport | Behavioural and cognitive sciences |
Related Links
Publications
Students' performance in economics: Does the norm hold across cultural and institutional settings?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1994
Traffic injury risks of aging drivers in single vehicle collisions
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 16-06-2011
DOI: 10.1061/41177(415)45
Economic Efficiency vs Traffic Restraint: A Note on Singapore′s Area License Scheme
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1993
Logistic regression model of risk of fatality in vehicle-pedestrian crashes on national highways in Bangladesh
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.3141/2264-15
Abstract: Pedestrian fatalities on national highways in Bangladesh account for about 47% of all pedestrian fatalities therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors involved. Binary logistic models were calibrated with crash data from 1998 to 2006 maintained by the Accident Research Institute of Bangladesh to identify the factors associated with the probability of a fatal outcome. The results showed that the involvement of elderly pedestrians (in iduals older than 55 years of age) and young pedestrians (in iduals younger than 15 years of age) increased the likelihood of a fatality. A higher risk of fatality was also seen for pedestrians who crossed the road than for those who walked along the edges of the road. Pedestrian collisions with trucks, buses, baby taxis or tempos (auto rickshaws), and tractors had a higher risk of a fatality than collisions with cars. Crashes occurring at locations with no traffic control, stop control, and pedestrian crossings had a higher risk of a fatality than those occurring at locations with traffic signals or police control. Finally, collisions during the rainy season had a higher probability of a fatality. In addition, the influences of implicit attributes on the trend for the risk of a pedestrian injury, temporal confounding, and interaction effects were considered and were incorporated progressively into the model. A trend toward a slight increase in the risk of a pedestrian fatality was found when the model controlled for the influences of demographic factors, the road environment, and other risk factors. The identification of these risk factors for pedestrians provides valuable inputs that will assist with the development of a comprehensive pedestrian safety action plan.
Modelling the Relationships between Train Commuters’ Access Modes and Traffic Safety
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 26-02-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3473397
Abstract: Walking, cycling, and feeder bus/tram for first- and last-mile (FLM) train access are often considered to have better health benefits, lower cost, and less environmental impacts than driving. However, little is known about the road safety impacts of these FLM access modes, particularly at a network level. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of train commuters’ access modes on road safety in Victoria, Australia. Macroscopic analyses of crash outcomes in each zone (i.e., Statistical Area Level 1) were performed using negative binomial (NB) and spatially lagged X negative binomial (SLXNB), accounting for potential indirect effects of mode shares in adjacent zones. This macroscopic analysis approach enabled the consideration of the safety effects across the network. The results showed that the SLXNB models outperformed the NB models. Commuting by train, either with walking or car as FLM access mode, was negatively associated with both total and severe crashes. In addition, commuting by train with feeder bus/tram access mode was negatively associated with severe crashes. Interestingly, commuting by train with cycling access mode was negatively associated with total crashes, with a larger effect when compared to walking and car access modes. Overall, the results suggested promoting active transport as FLM train access mode would lead to an improvement in road safety.
Effects of roadside memorials on traffic flow
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2010.08.026
Abstract: Despite their growing popularity in North America, little research has been conducted on understanding the effects of roadside memorials on drivers' behaviour. In this study, we examined the short-term effects of roadside memorials on traffic speed and headways on a high speed intercity freeway as well as its long-term effect on traffic speed on a high speed urban freeway. Our study found that the placement of roadside memorials did not have any significant effect on traffic speeds or headways, either in the short or long term. Therefore, concerns about the negative effects on driver behaviour were not supported by this research, at least with regards to speeding and following too closely. However, no positive effects on safety were found either.
A portfolio choice model of the demand for recreational trips
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1996
Estimating spatial logistic model: A deterministic approach or a heuristic approach?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Critical determinants for mobile commerce adoption in Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-01-2020
Managing speed at school and playground zones
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2011.04.009
Abstract: Since speeding is one of the major causes of frequent and severe traffic accidents around school and playground areas, many jurisdictions have reduced the speed limits in these areas to protect children who may be at risk. This paper investigated the speed compliance, mean speed and 85th percentile speed at selected school and playground zones in the City of Calgary in Alberta. Our results showed that the mean speed was lower and the rate of compliance was higher in the school zone compared to the playground zone, 2 lane roads relative to 4 lane roads, roads with fencing, traffic control devices and the presence of speed display device or children, and zones that were longer (> 200 m). Accordingly, this study provided recommendations to improve the effectiveness of school and playground zone speed limits.
Effects of variable message sign on driver detours and identification of influencing factors
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 03-2014
Examining the effectiveness of physical threats in road safety advertising: The role of the third-person effect, gender, and age
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Marginal effect of increasing ageing drivers on injury crashes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2008.07.012
Abstract: The safety effects of the ageing driving population have been a topic of research interests in health and transportation economics in recent years due to the ageing of the baby boomers. This study adds to the current knowledge by examining the marginal effects of changing the driver mix on injury crashes using data from the Canadian Province of Alberta between 1990 and 2004. Results from a Poisson regression model reveal that increasing the number of young and ageing drivers will result in an increase in the number of injury crashes whereas increasing the number of middle-aged drivers will result in a reduction. These results are in contrast to those obtained in a previous study on the marginal effects of changing the driver mix on fatal crashes in the Australian State of Queensland and some possible explanations for the differing results are provided.
Passengers’ Perception of Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Travel Experience Attributes: Results from an Australian Survey
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU15086645
Abstract: Rail, one of the most sustainable modes of transport, is vital in carrying mass passengers in many urban cities. Passengers’ satisfaction with railway services is mostly discussed in the context of service quality in the literature. However, limited studies have considered other attributes that may influence passengers’ satisfaction, such as their travel experience and issues encountered. This study aims to systematically model passengers’ satisfaction and its relationship with travel experience attributes. This paper makes a theoretical contribution by proposing a conceptual model that evaluates the overall satisfaction of passengers through four attribute groups, including traveller attributes, trip attributes, service attributes, and other attributes. The model is tested with the 429 valid responses collected from a passenger survey targeting Metro train users in Melbourne, Australia. Result shows that the best-fitted model is produced only when all attribute groups are considered together, for which 60% of the variation in overall satisfaction is accountable. It is found that all attribute groups have at least one variable included in the final model, and the service attribute group has the greatest influence. The best model has nine significant variables, with eight having positive associations to the overall satisfaction and one variable (GroupTravel) having a negative association. This finding suggests that consideration of other attributes is also important besides the service attributes, and hence advances our scientific understanding of train passengers’ satisfaction with train services. The public transport sector and the operators can use this knowledge to improve service and increase passenger satisfaction.
Ageing driver licensing requirements and traffic safety
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-06-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X11000535
Abstract: As the population in most developed countries continues to age, there is an increasing concern about its effect on traffic safety, resulting in calls to tighten the licensing renewal policies for mature drivers. This study examines the licensing requirements in five Canadian provinces and their respective vehicle collision rates for ageing drivers. Contrary to expectation, we find a positive correlation between the stringency of the licensing system and the mean crash rates. Therefore, increasing the mandatory testing and licensing requirements is not recommended at this time.
Passengers’ awareness and perceptions of way finding tools in a train station
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Severity of urban transit bus crashes in Bangladesh
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1002/ATR.104
“I’m very visible but seldom seen”: consumer choice and use of mobility aids on public transport
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-11-2019
DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1407829
Abstract: The number of mobility aid users continues to rise as the population ages. While mobility aid users rely on public transport due to its affordability, evidence suggests access can be difficult. This study aims to describe people who use mobility aids to access public transport and the role of public transport access in influencing mobility aid choice. Sixty-seven mobility aid users participated in telephone surveys which predominantly used a structured quantitative format. Data were analysed descriptively and any additional comments were simply categorized. Thirty-six participants were female (54%), with a total s le mean age of 58.15 years (SD = 14.46). Seventy-two percent lived in metropolitan areas, 48% lived alone, and the s le experienced a variety of conditions including spinal cord injury (37%) and arthritis (18%). Sixty-four percent of all respondents used two or more mobility aids including powered wheelchairs, scooters and walking frames. The most important features when choosing a mobility aid were reliability, turning ability and size. Fifty-two percent of all respondents strongly agreed that public transport is generally accessible. While work continues to ensure that public transport vehicles and stations are fully accessible, mobility aid users must manage current infrastructure and access a system which has been shown through this research to have many limitations. Mobility aid users, vendors and health professionals need to work together to identify mobility aids that fulfil needs, and are reliable and safe, so that mobility aid users are both "visible and seen" when accessing the public transport network. Implications for rehabilitation Some mobility aid users experience difficulties accessing and using public transport and further research is required to ensure the whole public transport network is fully accessible to people using mobility aids. Many people have more than one seated mobility aid, suggesting people can choose different aids for different purposes and environments. Health professionals may need to increase their involvement in assisting in iduals to select and use mobility aids.
Characteristics of Pedestrians in Bangladesh Who Did Not Receive Public Education on Road Safety
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14169909
Abstract: The safety of pedestrians, such as workers who largely walk to and from work, has not been given sufficient attention, especially in the area of traffic safety in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Although the National Road Safety Strategy has a very strong emphasis on road safety education and publicity c aigns, the road safety knowledge may not have reached these vulnerable road users who most needed them. Moreover, little is known about the penetration rate of these c aigns and who have benefited or not benefited from them. On the other hand, the developing country, like Bangladesh, is heavily dependent on its Readymade Garment (RMG) workers for earning foreign currency, and walking is one of the major mode of transports of those workers. The objective of this study is to identify those who are not reach by the safety education. Results from a survey of 1020 RMG workers around Dhaka identified several socioeconomic, demographic, travel characteristics and accident experience that affect the most vulnerable segments who are left out of the system. The findings of this study would help the policy makers to arrange necessary road safety education for the most vulnerable cohorts of pedestrians to encourage the continued use of this sustainable mode of commute.
A multinomial logit model of pedestrian-vehicle crash severity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-03-2011
Development and validation of the Occupational Therapy Risk Propensity Test (OT-RiPT) for drivers with disability
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-01-2015
DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2014.992952
Abstract: Male drivers in the 16- to 19-year age group have a nine-fold increase in their crash risk compared with 25- to 34-year-olds who have a relative risk of 2.3. Crash risk in young drivers has been directly linked to risk-taking behaviour. This paper reports the development of a video risk assessment tool for use with drivers. This paper reports on the process of validating and investigating the reliability of the Occupational Therapy Risk Propensity Test (OT-RiPT) to measure risk-taking propensity. 20 healthy male participants were recruited. OT-RiPT scores were correlated with driving experience. Internal consistency was investigated using Cronbach's alpha. Face validity was established. The OT-RiPT and a validated driver behaviour questionnaire were administered and the results correlated to establish discriminant validity. There was no significant correlation between driving experience and OT-RiPT scores. Good internal consistency was established. OT-RiPT has high face validity. Discriminant validity was demonstrated. Pending further testing, OT-RiPT shows promise as a reliable and valid measure of risk-taking propensity in young drivers.
Personal and social influences of speeding
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Date: 10-07-2002
Safety Effects of Freeway Hard Shoulder Running
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-09-2019
DOI: 10.3390/APP9173614
Abstract: Hard shoulder running (HSR) has been increasingly used as a sustainable and viable way to increase road capacity. This study investigated the safety effect of HSR on freeways in South Korea using the empirical Bayes method. This study found an increase in the total number of crashes. In terms of crash severity, a higher proportion of crashes (25.3%) on 2(3)-lane sections were found to be serious (involving injuries and/or fatalities) compared to those on 4(5)-lane sections (3.6%). Also, a positive relationship was found between the length of the hard shoulder running and changes in crash frequencies. Thus, hard shoulder running on lengthy 2(3)-lane freeways should be avoided.
Mass media campaigns reduce the incidence of drinking and driving
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2005
A logistic model of the effects of roadway, environmental, vehicle, crash and driver characteristics on hit-and-run crashes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2008.02.003
Abstract: Leaving the scene of a crash without reporting it is an offence in most countries and many studies have been devoted to improving ways to identify hit-and-run vehicles and the drivers involved. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on identifying factors that contribute to the decision to run after the crash. This study identifies the factors that are associated with the likelihood of hit-and-run crashes including driver characteristics, vehicle types, crash characteristics, roadway features and environmental characteristics. Using a logistic regression model to delineate hit-and-run crashes from nonhit-and-run crashes, this study found that drivers were more likely to run when crashes occurred at night, on a bridge and flyover, bend, straight road and near shop houses involved two vehicles, two-wheel vehicles and vehicles from neighboring countries and when the driver was a male, minority, and aged between 45 and 69. On the other hand, collisions involving right turn and U-turn maneuvers, and occurring on un ided roads were less likely to be hit-and-run crashes.
Analysis of the influence of urban rail stations on neighbourhood crime
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2013
Ageing drivers: Storm in a teacup?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2005.07.009
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to address two important issues regarding ageing drivers. First, there is a presumption in the road safety arena that the expected increase in the number of ageing drivers on the roads will lead to an increase in crashes. Second, despite extensive research on ageing drivers, especially on their increased vulnerability and reduced driving abilities, the most widely recommended road safety strategy relates to the control of their driving licenses. This presumption and the associated policy recommendation are based mainly on the higher relative crash risks associated with ageing drivers compared to their younger counterparts. This study, however, argues that the average crash risks obtained in previous studies provide only indirect information concerning these issues and any decision based on these results may produce unexpected outcomes. An analytical framework to examine the marginal effect of changing the driver mix on the roads is proposed and a simple empirical model is estimated as an illustration. In contrast to previous studies, we found that increasing the number of licenses issued to ageing drivers had only an insignificant impact on the number of fatal crashes on the roads, suggesting that the concern over ageing drivers may be a storm in a teacup.
Predicting older adults' driving difficulties using the roadwise review
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-04-2010
Abstract: The Roadwise Review has been reported to provide an effective means of self-assessing and predicting driving difficulties in older adults. We administered it to 73 community-dwelling older drivers (M = 73 years) and also gathered data on self-reported driving difficulties, 2-year retrospective collisions, and moving violations. The acuity tests and Useful Field of View exhibited substantial ceiling effects that limit predictive utility, and there was a high failure rate on the head and neck flexibility test. Additionally, the Roadwise Review did not predict self-reported driving problems or collision risk. Thus, in current form, it does not appear to be a useful tool for assessing older drivers. Future research efforts should assess predictive validity in a more heterogeneous s le of older adults and with a broader range of outcomes, including on-road driving performance.
Air quality in a commercial truck cabin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Factors associated with crashes involving taxi owners and non-owners: A case of moral hazard and adverse selection?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2015.11.028
Abstract: Taxis experience a higher risk of a motor vehicle crash partly because of their much higher levels of exposure on the roads. Although several studies have been conducted to examine the factors associated with the frequency and severity of taxi collisions, little research has been conducted to examine the differences in the factors associated with owner taxis and non-owner taxis. This study finds that collisions involving non-owners are more likely to be associated with poor or risky driving behaviors than collisions involving taxi vehicle owners. This result is consistent with the economic principles of moral hazard and adverse selection. Hence, policy makers responsible for traffic safety, taxi regulation or taxi operations should consider measures to reduce these market inefficiencies and improve the safety of not only taxi drivers but all road users.
The effectiveness of automated and manned traffic enforcement
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-04-2009
Road safety, alcohol and public policy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
Land-Use-Change Modeling Using Unbalanced Support-Vector Machines
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1068/B33047
Abstract: Modeling land-use change is a prerequisite to understanding the complexity of land-use-change patterns. This paper presents a novel method to model urban land-use change using support-vector machines (SVMs), a new generation of machine learning algorithms used in classification and regression domains. An SVM modeling framework has been developed to analyze land-use change in relation to various factors such as population, distance to roads and facilities, and surrounding land use. As land-use data are generally unbalanced, in the sense that the unchanged data overwhelm the changed data, traditional methods are incapable of classifying relatively minor land-use changes with high accuracy. To circumvent this problem, an unbalanced SVM has been adopted by enhancing the standard SVMs. A case study of Calgary land-use change demonstrates that the unbalanced SVMs can achieve high and reliable performance for land-use-change modeling.
Drink driving enforcement and publicity campaigns: Are the policy recommendations sensitive to model specification?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2004.10.001
Abstract: Since their implementation, the drink driving enforcement and publicity c aigns in the Australian State of Victoria have been extensively evaluated and the mixed results obtained have generated much public debate. Using the same data from previous studies, this paper re-evaluated the effectiveness of the c aigns and tested several model assumptions and specifications. In general, the results obtained were robust and showed that the c aigns were effective in reducing serious crashes during high alcohol hours.
Injury risk in collisions involving buses in Alberta, Canada
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.3141/2265-02
Abstract: With 2000 to 2007 crash data, this study investigated the factors that contributed to injuries in collisions that involved at least one bus in the province of Alberta, Canada. Crashes of all types of buses (e.g., school, transit, intercity) were considered. Four logistic regression models were calibrated: single-vehicle collisions on highways, single-vehicle collisions on nonhighway locations, two-vehicle collisions on highways, and two-vehicle collisions on nonhighway locations. The analysis showed that weather conditions were a significant contributing factor in all four types of collisions, although crashes in adverse weather conditions resulted in fewer injuries. The type of collision, characteristics of collision partner, driver age of collision partner, and weather conditions had a significant effect on the level of severity of collisions on both highway and nonhighway locations. Other factors were shown to affect injury risk only in one particular situation. For instance, for highway-related collisions, the age of the collision partner had a significant effect on levels of accident severity, whereas the age of the bus driver did not. In addition, for highway collisions, the severity was higher for head-on crashes, bus–bus crashes, bus–truck crashes, bus–motorcycle crashes, older buses, crashes on grade and in sags, and crashes during dark and sun glare, whereas accident probability decreased with larger outside shoulder width. For nonhighway locations, crashes occurring near tunnels, overpasses, and signalized intersections were shown to result in a higher probability of injury. The results showed that single-bus collisions involving pedestrians at nonhighway locations had higher injury risk than collisions involving objects.
Comparison of crashes during public holidays and regular weekends
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2012.10.021
Abstract: Traffic collisions and fatalities during the holiday festive periods are apparently on the rise in Alberta, Canada, despite the enhanced enforcement and publicity c aigns conducted during these periods. Using data from 2004 to 2008, this research identifies the factors that delineate between crashes that occur during public holidays and those occurring during normal weekends. We find that fatal and injury crashes are over-represented during holidays. Amongst the three risky behaviors targeted in the holiday blitzes (driver intoxication, unsafe speeding and restraint use), non-use of restraint is more prevalent whereas driver intoxication and unsafe speeding are less prevalent during holidays. The mixed results obtained suggest that it may be time to consider a more balanced approach to the enhanced enforcement and publicity c aigns.
Support vector machines for urban growth modeling
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-02-2009
Personal space, evasive movement and pedestrian level of service
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-03-2014
DOI: 10.1002/ATR.1223
The effectiveness of enforcement and publicity campaigns on serious crashes involving young male drivers: Are drink driving and speeding similar?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2005.04.010
Abstract: This study re-evaluated the effectiveness of the anti-drink driving and anti-speeding enforcement and publicity c aigns implemented in the Australian State of Victoria which have thus far yielded mixed results in several evaluations. As opposed to previous evaluations, this study focused on the effects of these c aigns on young male drivers who formed the primary target and examined the combined effects of the c aigns on the total number of serious crashes. Our results showed that the anti-drink driving enforcement and publicity c aigns had a significant independent effect in reducing crashes but their interactive effect was anti-complementary. Conversely, the anti-speeding enforcement and publicity c aigns had no independent effect but their interactive effect was significant in reducing serious crashes involving young male drivers.
Advertising implications and design of messages
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 06-06-2016
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of personality traits on the perception of key message characteristics in road safety advertising. – The advertisement uses visual imagery and imagery methods to examine key message characteristics. An online survey questionnaire was used to obtain responses of 947 driver perceptions with various personality traits and the data are explored using multiple linear-regressions. – The findings of the research indicate the importance of using key message characteristics based upon established scientific theory to developing messages, more particularly in road safety and other social marketing c aigns. The role of personality traits and its relevance also appear to be of primary importance and can be used to segment the market guide message designs and development, as different personality traits are found to be significant for different message characteristics. – This research varies from preceding efforts as it examines the influence of personality traits on drivers’ perceptions of messages using established scientific theory, and bridging the gap in the research between two main paths of research with reference to fear-based messages: the process that influences an in idual response to key messages and the influences of personality trait differences on message perceptions. – This study extends the knowledge in several essential areas and offers a set of recommendations to assist marketers in developing effective message strategies and segmentation based on personality traits. Besides advancing theory, this study enhances the understanding of how to develop more effective road safety messages that will save lives and prevent injuries.
Effects of drivers' actions on severity of emergency vehicle collisions
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.3141/2318-11
Abstract: Emergency vehicles (EVs) are used to provide essential services to society in the event of an emergency. Hence, crashes involving these vehicles are a concern, and investigating crash characteristics of EVs is the first step toward improving their safety. In particular, the contribution of any improper driver behavior or actions must be identified before (a) a program of behavior modification is recommended to authorities or (b) countermeasures are implemented to improve road safety, or both. This study attempts to identify the driver actions that contribute significantly to the severity of a crash involving at least one EV by using data from the Province of Alberta, Canada, for the period from 1999 to 2008. In addition, the impact of control variables formed from demographic, vehicle, environmental, and behavioral factors will also be explored. The results indicate that drivers’ violations of the road rules significantly contributed to increasing the severity of crashes. Non-EV drivers’ errors, nonrepairable damage to the vehicle, collision of an EV with a two-wheeler, and sun glare were some of the other variables that had significant influence on crash severity.
Sociodemographic Influences on Injury Severity in Truck-Vulnerable Road User Crashes
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 12-2019
Urban Street Pattern and Pedestrian Traffic Safety
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
A random parameters probit model of urban and rural intersection crashes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2015.07.013
Abstract: Intersections are hazardous locations and many studies have been conducted to identify the factors contributing to the frequency and severity of intersection crashes. However, little attention has been devoted to investigating the differences between crashes at urban and rural intersections, which have different road, traffic and environmental characteristics. By applying a random parameters probit model to the data from the Canadian Province of Alberta between 2008 and 2012, we find that urban intersection crashes are more likely to be associated with hit and run behaviours, roads with higher traffic volume, wet surfaces, four lanes and skewed intersections, and crashes on weekdays and off-peak hours, whereas rural crashes are likely to be associated with increases in fatalities and injuries, roads with higher speed limits, special road features, exit and entrance terminals, gravel, curvature and two lanes, crashes during weekends, peak hours and night-time, run-off-road crashes, and police visit to crash scene. Hence, road safety professionals in urban and rural areas should consider these differences when designing and implementing counter-measures to improve intersection safety, especially their safety audits and reviews, enforcement activities and education c aigns, to target the more vulnerable times and locations in the different areas.
Fatality risk of intersection crashes on rural undivided highways in Alberta, Canada
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.3141/2148-13
Abstract: Intersections are recognized as the most hazardous locations on roads since conflict possibilities are high at intersections and often result in a high frequency of fatal crashes. A significant share of fatal crashes in Canada occur at intersections on rural un ided highways. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the factors contributing to the fatality risk of intersection crashes in Canada. In this study, a logistic regression model was applied to a s le of crash data at intersections on the rural un ided highways of Alberta, Canada, to investigate 18 factors and 71 variables. Of the significant factors, the major ones affecting the likelihood of fatality are the type of intersection, horizontal and vertical alignment of the highway at the intersection, signalization at the intersection, type of collision, impairment of drivers, and age of drivers involved in crashes. The fatality risk of intersection crashes tends to increase when crashes occur at offset intersections or at cross or T-intersections on horizontal curves. The likelihood of fatality tends to increase if the intersection is on a sag curve or at a constant grade. However, signalization at intersections tends to reduce the likelihood of fatality. Pedestrian-involved collisions, head-on collisions, right-angle collisions, and run-off-road collisions that involve hitting a fixed object and overturning of vehicles are associated with higher fatality risk. An intersection crash also tends to have a higher likelihood of fatality when it involves an older driver ( years) or impaired (by alcohol or drugs) or fatigued drivers.
A latent segmentation based generalized ordered logit model to examine factors influencing driver injury severity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Exploring Melbourne Metro Train Passengers’ Pre-Boarding Behaviors and Perceptions
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU151511564
Abstract: The focus on sustainable transportation has increased interest in promoting sustainable modes of transport, such as rail. Understanding train passengers’ behaviors and perceptions is essential to enhance their travel experience and increase train ridership. Pre-boarding behaviors and perceptions are crucial in shaping the overall train travel experience. However, there are limited studies that have developed a systematic framework for investigating train passengers’ pre-boarding behaviors and perceptions. This paper examines the train passenger’s pre-boarding behaviors and perceptions about the station and platform. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach by developing a pre-boarding decision framework and combining it with questionnaire surveys to explore passengers’ behaviors and perceptions on the platform before boarding. A total of 429 valid responses from Melbourne metro train users were used for analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlation techniques were applied to identify patterns and relationships. The findings reveal common pre-boarding behaviors and perceptions. Furthermore, the study uncovers factors influencing these behaviors and perceptions, such as passenger demographics, travel patterns, and specific trip characteristics. For ex le, carrying large items and travel frequency significantly impact passengers’ travel experience in the pre-boarding phase. Waiting time, group travel, carrying small items, gender, and age group also significantly impact some pre-boarding behavior variables. Travel time, on the other hand, makes no significant impact on any of the pre-boarding variables that we examined. This research provides valuable insights for rail service operators and policymakers to enhance the pre-boarding experience, optimize station design, and improve passenger satisfaction.
Effect of street pattern on road safety: Are policy recommendations sensitive to aggregations of crashes by severity?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.3141/2147-08
Abstract: In the past 50 years, the loops-and-lollipops design has become the basic building block of many urban neighborhoods. In the field of traffic engineering, this combination of cul-de-sacs and loop streets is designed to discourage through traffic and improve road safety, and thus it has the support of many traffic engineers. Perhaps because of its intuitive appeal, few studies have examined the impact of this design on road crashes. The city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was used as a case study to examine the effects of neighborhood street patterns on the number of reported crashes. In the study, crashes were converted into equivalent property-damage-only crashes using various weighting factors to check the sensitivity of the finding. Results suggest that currently popular road patterns such as warped parallel, loops, and lollipops are safer than the traditional gridiron pattern. Moreover, this result is quite robust regarding severity weights or aggregation schemes, albeit with some variations in the absolute values of the estimated effects. However, changing the aggregation scheme had a significant effect on some of the control variables used in the model, especially the socioeconomic characteristics, although most of the road features and land use estimates remained robust.
Promoting public health messages: Should we move beyond fear-evoking appeals in road safety?
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2007
Abstract: Road traffic injury is one of the most significant global public health issues of the 21st century. The extent to which negative, fear-evoking messages represent effective persuasive strategies remains a contentious public and empirical issue. Nevertheless, negative, fear-based appeals represent a frequently used approach in Australasian road safety advertising. The authors conducted a series of focus groups with 16 licensed drivers to explore the potential utility of appeals to emotions other than fear. More specifically, they sought to explore the utility of positive emotional appeals, such as those incorporating humor. The themes emerging from the qualitative analysis suggested that both emotion and the provision of strategies are key components contributing to the overall persuasiveness of a road safety advertisement. Overall, it appears there is support for researchers and health advertising practitioners to provide further attention to the role that positive emotional appeals might play in future c aigns.
Drivers{'} perceptions and reactions to roadside memorials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2009.03.006
Abstract: Despite their growing popularity in North America, little research has been conducted on understanding the effects of roadside memorials on drivers' behaviour. In this study, an online survey of 810 drivers found that public opinions on the policy options as well as drivers' self-reported reactions to the presence of roadside memorials were fairly ided. In addition, an on-road experiment was conducted to examine the short term effects of roadside memorials at two intersections. Our results showed that the number of red light violations was reduced by 16.7% in the 6 weeks after the installation of the mock memorials compared to the 6 weeks before whereas the number of violations at two comparison sites experienced an increase of 16.8%.
Logistic model of injury risks in single vehicle crashes in urban neighborhoods
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2011
DOI: 10.1002/ATR.164
Comparison of the binary logistic and skewed logistic (Scobit) models of injury severity in motor vehicle collisions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2015.12.009
Abstract: The binary logistic model has been extensively used to analyze traffic collision and injury data where the outcome of interest has two categories. However, the assumption of a symmetric distribution may not be a desirable property in some cases, especially when there is a significant imbalance in the two categories of outcome. This study compares the standard binary logistic model with the skewed logistic model in two cases in which the symmetry assumption is violated in one but not the other case. The differences in the estimates, and thus the marginal effects obtained, are significant when the assumption of symmetry is violated.
Road safety and accident prevention
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-02-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SU12041382
Abstract: The relationship between overweight, obesity, or body mass index (BMI) and crashes among drivers of passenger cars, vans, and trucks has been the focus of much research. However, little is understood about this relationship among motorcyclists, particularly motorcycle taxi drivers who tend to work long hours. Motorcycle taxis are an increasingly popular and important mode of travel in many cities, especially in South-East Asia, due partly to the rise of ride-hailing services. This paper assesses the body mass index (BMI) of motorcycle taxi drivers in Vietnam and its impacts on crashes among three types of drivers (traditional, ride-hailing, and hybrid). Data from a structured questionnaire survey of motorcycle taxi drivers conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam were used. Results show that 18.8% of motorcycle taxi drivers were overweight or obese whereas only 1.4% were underweight. Fulltime motorcycle taxi drivers were more likely to be overweight or obese. Results of random effect binary logistic regression show that overweight and obese motorcycle taxi drivers had significantly higher overall and injury crash risks, when compared to normal-weight motorcycle taxi drivers. Results also indicate that hybrid motorcycle taxi drivers had lower overall and injury crash risks when compared to traditional motorcycle taxi drivers.
Urban design and planning influences on the share of trips taken by cycling
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-05-2016
Factors contributing to hit-and-run in fatal crashes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2008.11.002
Abstract: Hit-and-run in a collision is a punishable offence as it delays crash notification thereby delaying emergency response which increases the likelihood of traffic fatality. To obtain a better understanding of hit-and-run behavior, a logistic regression model has been applied in this study to identify the factors that might affect the occurrence of hit-and-run in fatal crashes in California, USA. Our results show that roadway functional class, routes, traffic flow, types of roadway section, speed limit, traffic control device, functioning of traffic control device, lighting condition, roadway alignment and roadway profile are important determinants that engineers can target to reduce hit-and-run in fatal crashes. In addition, targeted traffic enforcement should be performed on weekends and nighttime.
Differences in Rental and Nonrental Car Crashes
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/8757891
Abstract: Although rental cars experience a higher collision rate per registered vehicle compared to nonrental cars, little research has been conducted to understand the differences in the factors contributing to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars, especially driver-related factors. This study develops a conceptual framework to compare the driver-related factors contributing to crashes involving rental cars and nonrental cars and tests the hypotheses developed using data from South Korea and applying the binary logistics, rare event logistics, Firth logistic models, and random parameters logit models. We found a significantly higher contribution of several risky driving behaviors but no differences in roadway, vehicle, and environmental factors. We also found that rental car crashes involve more males and drivers under 25 years of age.
A skewed logistic model of two-unit bicycle-vehicle hit-and-run crashes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-01-2021
Development of pictograms for dynamic traffic control systems in South Korea
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2008
Effect of street pattern on the severity of crashes involving vulnerable road users
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2010.08.024
Abstract: Road crashes not only claim lives and inflict injuries but also create an economic burden to the society due to loss of productivity. Although numerous studies have been conducted to examine a multitude of factors contributing to the frequency and severity of crashes, very few studies have examined the influence of street pattern at a community level. This study examined the effect of different street patterns on crash severity using the City of Calgary as a case study. In this study, street pattern is classified into four categories: grid-iron, warped parallel, loops and lollipops, and mixed patterns. Their effects on injury risk are examined together with other factors including road features, drivers' characteristics, crash characteristics, environmental conditions and vehicle attributes. Pedestrian and bicycle crash data for the years 2003-2005 were utilized to develop a multinomial logit model of crash severity. Our results showed that compared to other street patterns, loops and lollipops design increases the probability of an injury but reduces the probability of fatality and property-damage-only in an event of a crash.
Exploring the effects of a road safety advertising campaign on the perceptions and intentions of the target and nontarget audiences to drink and drive
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2002
Improving drivers' knowledge of road rules using digital games
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2013.12.003
Abstract: Although a proficient knowledge of the road rules is important to safe driving, many drivers do not retain the knowledge acquired after they have obtained their licenses. Hence, more innovative and appealing methods are needed to improve drivers' knowledge of the road rules. This study examines the effect of game based learning on drivers' knowledge acquisition and retention. We find that playing an entertaining game that is designed to impart knowledge of the road rules not only improves players' knowledge but also helps them retain such knowledge. Hence, learning by gaming appears to be a promising learning approach for driver education.
Using Psychological Frameworks to Inform the Evaluation of Fleet Safety Initiatives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Examining driver injury severity in two vehicle crashes - A copula based approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2014.01.018
Abstract: A most commonly identified exogenous factor that significantly affects traffic crash injury severity sustained is the collision type variable. Most studies consider collision type only as an explanatory variable in modeling injury. However, it is possible that each collision type has a fundamentally distinct effect on injury severity sustained in the crash. In this paper, we examine the hypothesis that collision type fundamentally alters the injury severity pattern under consideration. Toward this end, we propose a joint modeling framework to study collision type and injury severity sustained as two dimensions of the severity process. We employ a copula based joint framework that ties the collision type (represented as a multinomial logit model) and injury severity (represented as an ordered logit model) through a closed form flexible dependency structure to study the injury severity process. The proposed approach also accommodates the potential heterogeneity (across drivers) in the dependency structure. Further, the study incorporates collision type as a vehicle-level, as opposed to a crash-level variable as hitherto assumed in earlier research, while also examining the impact of a comprehensive set of exogenous factors on driver injury severity. The proposed modeling system is estimated using collision data from the province of Victoria, Australia for the years 2006 through 2010.
Effects of street pattern, traffic, road infrastructure, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on public transit ridership
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2016
Consumer valuation of new car attributes: An econometric analysis of the demand for domestic and Japanese/Western European imports
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1989
Should traffic enforcement be unpredictable? the case of red light cameras in Edmonton
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2010.11.022
Abstract: Red light cameras are installed in many jurisdictions around the world to improve road safety by discouraging red light running behaviour at signalized intersections. In many jurisdictions, a smaller number of cameras are rotated among a larger number of locations to increase the effectiveness of the red light camera programs. This study outlines some arguments for deciding the best deployment strategy that can be used to rotate these cameras, focusing on the deterrent effects of enforcement and punishment on driver behaviour. A simple on-road experiment is then conducted to determine the effectiveness of three different rotation schemes. Our results suggest that not moving the cameras and keeping enforcement predictable yields a lower average violation rate than moving the cameras around and making enforcement uncertain.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of behavioural interventions for improving driving outcomes in novice drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.4276/030802214X14044755581745
Abstract: The efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for improving driving outcomes in young drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has not been established. Such interventions are of interest to occupational therapists who work with this population to attain driving independence. This research article had two aims: (1) to systematically review the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to improve driving outcomes for this population, and (2) to identify studies detailing behavioural interventions that could be used to improve driving skills. Nineteen databases were searched and 13 studies were appraised using the PEDro scale (the Physiotherapy Evidence Database), where appropriate. For the first aim, while two studies reported training led to significant improvements in driver skills, methodological problems limited the validity of one study. Eleven studies were reviewed in relation to the second aim, describing nine interventions. Of these, situation awareness training, such as commentary driving, show particular promise. Several interventions have the potential to improve the driving skills of this population. These interventions warrant further research and in the interim could be used clinically by occupational therapy driver assessors. Further research is required to determine if non-pharmacological interventions are of benefit for young drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Situation awareness training may be beneficial for improving driving skills.
Severity of motorcycle crashes in Calgary
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2011.02.025
Abstract: Motorcycle riders would be more vulnerable in the event of a crash because of their lack of protection which would often result in them suffering more severe injuries than car drivers. This paper estimated three crash severity models to identify factors that contributed to increasing the severity of motorcycle involved crashes in the Canadian City of Calgary. We found that results from the ordered logit model, heterogeneous choice model and partially constrained generalized ordered logit model produced estimates that were very similar which attested to their robustness. Injury severity tended to increase in neighborhoods with loops and lollipops types of streets or involved right-angle and left-turn-across-path crashes, a truck, unsafe speed or alcohol use but tended to decrease if the crash occurred in parking lots or during winter, involved a van or male rider, or a rider following-too-closely to the vehicle in front.
Effects of street patterns on injury risks in two-vehicle crashes
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.3141/2102-08
Abstract: Road crashes not only claim lives and inflict injuries but also create an economic burden on society because of lost productivity. Many studies have identified factors affecting the frequency and severity of crashes. However, few, if any, studies have explored the effect of street pattern on injury risks in urban crashes. In this study, street pattern or urban form is classified into four categories: gridiron, warped parallel, loops and lollipops, and mixed patterns. Their effects on injury risk are examined together with other factors including road features, drivers’ characteristics, crash characteristics, environmental conditions, and vehicle attributes. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is chosen as the case study, and the logistic regression model is applied with reported crash data from 2003 to 2005 to investigate various factors. The results suggest that current popular patterns, including the loops and lollipops design, are safer than the conventional gridiron pattern from an injury risk perspective in the event of a crash.
Pedestrian scramble operations: Pilot study in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.3141/2140-08
Abstract: The City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, has implemented a pilot test of the pedestrian scramble operation (also known as the Barnes dance) at two intersections in the downtown area. Pedestrian scramble is an exclusive pedestrian signal phase in which traffic in all four directions is stopped and pedestrians are allowed to make diagonal as well as lateral crossings. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pilot project at one intersection to determine the effect of this new operation on pedestrian safety. Because of the absence of pedestrian–vehicle crashes in this study, the number of pedestrian conflicts was used as a surrogate measure of safety. Field observations were made 6 weeks after the implementation of the scramble operation. Two Poisson regression models were developed to model the number of conflicts and violations. The results showed that the number of pedestrian–vehicle conflicts decreased significantly but the number of pedestrian violations increased significantly after implementation of the scramble operation. The analysis also revealed that 13% of the total violations were “safe side” crossings (concurrent with the vehicle movement), 2% of the violations were “unsafe side” crossings, and about 40% of the total violations were at the beginning of the flashing “Don't Walk” phase (within 2 to 3 s) and persons were able to cross safely within the pedestrian phase. A survey was also conducted to monitor public perception, and the results showed a generally positive attitude toward this new signal operation. It is recommended that the operation be monitored over time and evaluated again.
Sources contributing to PM2.5 in a commercial truck cabin in winter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Effects of changing highway design speed
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-05-2013
DOI: 10.1002/ATR.171
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