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0000-0002-1883-4690
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Health Promotion | Public Health and Health Services | Preventive Medicine | Sociological Methodology and Research Methods | Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Nutrition | Behaviour and Health | Preventive Medicine | Health Education and Promotion | Women's Health | Health Inequalities
Related Links
Publications
Obesity-related behaviors in adolescent friendship networks
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
The effect of beverages varying in glycaemic load on postprandial glucose responses, appetite and cognition in 10-12-year-old school children.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 19-12-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512005296
Abstract: Reducing glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) inconsistently improves aspects of cognitive function and appetite in children. Whether altering the GL by lowering carbohydrate relative to protein and fat has a role in these effects is unknown. Therefore, we assessed the differential effects of beverages varying in GL and dairy composition on appetite, energy intake and cognitive function in children. A total of forty children (10–12 years) completed a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial, receiving three isoenergetic drinks (approximately 1100 kJ): a glucose beverage (GI 100, GL 65), a full milk beverage (GI 27, GL 5) and a half milk/glucose beverage (GI 84, GL 35). For 3 h post-consumption, subjective appetite and cognitive performance (speed of processing, memory, attention and perceptual speed) were measured hourly. At completion, each child was provided a buffet-style lunch and energy intake was calculated. Blood glucose was objectively measured using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Blood glucose AUC values were significantly different between the drinks ( P 0·001), but did not sustain above the baseline for 3 h for any drink. Mixed modelling revealed no effect of beverage on subjective appetite or energy intake. Participant sex and drink GL significantly interacted for short-term memory ( P 0·001). When girls consumed either milk-containing beverage, they recalled 0·7–0·8 more words compared with 0·5 less words after the glucose drink ( P ≤ 0·014). Altering GL of drinks by reducing carbohydrate and increasing protein did not affect appetite or cognition in children. Girls may demonstrate improved short-term memory after consuming beverages with higher protein and lower GL.
Validity and reliability of the Food-Life Questionnaire. Short form
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2013.07.001
Abstract: Measures of beliefs and attitudes towards food need to be valid, and easy to use and interpret. The present study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of a short-form of the Food-Life Questionnaire (FLQ). Participants (247 females 118 males), recruited in South Australia, completed a questionnaire in 2012 incorporating the original FLQ, a revised short form (FLQ-SF), and measures of food choice and consumption. Validity (construct, criterion-related, and incremental) and reliability (internal consistency and short-form) were assessed. Factor analysis established that short-form items loaded onto five factors consistent with the original FLQ and explained 60% of variance. Moderate correlations were observed between the FLQ-SF and a measure of food choices (r=.32-.64), and the FLQ-SF predicted unhealthy food consumption over and above the full FLQ demonstrating criterion-related and incremental validity respectively. The final FLQ-SF included 21 items and had a Cronbach's alpha of .75. Short-form reliability was established with correlations between corresponding subscales of the FLQ and FLQ-SF ranging from r=.64-.84. Overall, the FLQ-SF is brief, psychometrically robust, and easy to administer. It should be considered an important tool in research informing public policies and programs that aim to improve food choices.
Internet usage and openness to internet-delivered health information among Australian adults aged over 50 years
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 06-2012
Patient attitudes towards changes in colorectal cancer surveillance: An application of the Health Belief Model
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 24-09-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13713
Abstract: This is to determine whether health beliefs regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) screening could predict discomfort with a change to CRC surveillance proposing regular faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) instead of colonoscopy. Eight hundred in iduals enrolled in a South Australian colonoscopy surveillance programme were invited to complete a survey on surveillance preferences. Responses were analysed using binary logistic regression predicting discomfort with a hypothetical FIT-based surveillance change. Predictor variables included constructs based on the Health Belief Model: perceived threat of CRC, perceived confidence to complete FIT and colonoscopy (self-efficacy), perceived benefits from current surveillance and perceived barriers to FIT and colonoscopy. A total of 408 participants (51%) returned the survey (complete data n = 303 mean age 62 years, 52% male). Most participants (72%) were uncomfortable with FIT-based surveillance reducing colonoscopy frequency. This attitude was predicted by a higher perceived threat of CRC (OR = 1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.04]), higher colonoscopy self-efficacy (OR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.13-1.59]) and lower perceived barriers to colonoscopy (OR = 0.92 [95% CI 0.86-0.99]). Health beliefs regarding colonoscopy and perceived threat of CRC may be important to consider when changing CRC surveillance protocols. If guideline changes were introduced, these factors should be addressed to provide patients reassurance concerning the efficacy of the alternative protocol.
Improving Medication Safety in Cancer Services for Ethnic Minority Consumers: Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Co-Designed Consumer Engagement Intervention (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 13-06-2023
Abstract: eople from ethnic minority backgrounds are more at risk of poor care and outcomes in health services, this inequity is widely recognised. We used an adapted, experience-based co-design (EBCD) process to facilitate collaboration between staff and ethnic minority patients to identify key safety issues and devise a tailored solution at a cancer service in New South Wales, Australia. Identifying health service contact points relevant to medication concerns between appointments or hospital admissions was a key issue identified in the workshop. The co-design process resulted in the creation of a communication tool: Making it Meaningful (MiM). This protocol presents a pilot study testing whether MiM is feasible and acceptable for use with ethnic minority consumers in cancer services in Australia. This protocol is particularly significant as co-designed interventions are increasingly valued, but rarely documented in trials. o test whether MiM is feasible and acceptable for use with ethnic minority consumers in cancer services in Australia. single-site, controlled before and after pilot study to determine the feasibility and acceptability of ‘MiM’. Forty patients from Chinese and Russian cultural backgrounds will be recruited 20 treatment and 20 control. These cohorts were selected as the co-design participants identified these communities are at particular risk of medication safety concerns. The intervention group will use the MiM tool during usual appointments ,while the control group will receive routine care. Telephone surveys will be conducted with patients at three time points to assess patient knowledge and self-efficacy in medication management, and the perceived usability and acceptability of the MiM. Qualitative interviews with staff will be conducted at pilot conclusion to explore practitioner perceptions of MiM feasibility and acceptability. sing Evidence Based Codesign (EBCD) we identified communication about medication, particularly between appointments, as a key issue. Increasing consumer engagement in medication management was identified as a strategy to reduce medication safety problems in cancer care the MiM was developed to address this issue. his study involves implementation and evaluation of the feasibility and acceptability of the MiM, together with preliminary data on patient knowledge about prescribed medications and confidence in medication management, with a view to expanding the study to test whether the intervention is effective in improving patient outcomes. his protocol is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry RN: ACTRN12622001260718p
Behavioural and demographic predictors of adherence to three consecutive faecal occult blood test screening opportunities: a population study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-03-2014
An advance notification letter increases participation in colorectal cancer screening
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1258/096914107781261927
Abstract: Objectives: To determine the impact of novel invitation strategies on population participation in faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Setting A community screening programme in Adelaide, South Australia. Methods: In total, 2400 people aged 50–74 years were randomly allocated to one of four CRC screening invitation strategies: (a) Control: standard invitation-to-screen letter explaining risk of CRC and the concept, value and method of screening (b) Risk: invitation with additional messages related to CRC risk (c) Advocacy: invitation with additional messages related to advocacy for screening from previous screening programme participants and (d) Advance Notification: first, a letter introducing Control letter messages followed by the standard invitation-to-screen. Invitations included an FIT kit. Programme participation rates were determined for each strategy relative to control. Associations between participation and sociodemographic variables were explored. Results: At 12 weeks after invitation, participation was: Control: 237/600 (39.5%) Risk: 242/600 (40.3%) Advocacy: 216/600 (36.0%) and Advance Notification: 290/600 (48.3%). Participation was significantly greater than Control only in the Advance Notification group (Relative risk [RR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.43). This effect was apparent as early as two weeks from date of offer Advance Notification: 151/600 (25.2%) versus Control: 109/600 (18.2%, RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11–1.73). Conclusions: Advance notification significantly increased screening participation. The effect may be due to a population shift in readiness to undertake screening, and is consistent with the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change. Risk or lay advocacy strategies did not improve screening participation. Organized screening programmes should consider using advance notification letters to improve programme participation.
Efficacy of mindfulness and goal setting interventions for increasing resilience and reducing smoking in lower socio-economic groups: randomised controlled trial protocol
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S13722-022-00355-W
Abstract: Smoking and resulting health problems disproportionately impact low socioeconomic status (SES) in iduals. Building resilience presents an approach to ‘closing the gap’. Mindfulness-based interventions and setting realistic goals are preferred in low socioeconomic communities. We aim to test if these interventions, delivered online and consolidated with peer support offered via ex-smokers, are successful in promoting smoking cessation and resilience. Our conceptualisation of resilience encompasses the inner capacity/skills and external resources (e.g., social support) which smokers utilise to bounce back from adversity. We include a process evaluation of barriers/facilitators to interventions and cost-effectiveness analysis (from health system perspective). We plan a four-arm parallel 12-month RCT with a 6-month follow-up to test the efficacy of three group-based interventions each followed by peer support. Arm 1: mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavioural therapy Arm 2: mindfulness training Arm 3: setting realistic goals Arm 4: active control group directed to quit services. All interventions will be administered online. Participants are adult smokers in Australia (N = 812) who have an average weekly household income less than $457AUD or receive welfare benefits. Group-based interventions will occur over 6 months, followed by 6 months of forum-based peer support. Primary outcome: self-reported 14-day period prevalence of smoking abstinence at 6 months, with remote biochemical verification of saliva cotinine ( 30 ng/mL). Secondary outcomes include: internal resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-25) external resilience (ENRICHD social support tool) quality adjusted life years (EQ-5D-5L) self-efficacy for smoking abstinence (Smoking-Abstinence Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) motivation to quit smoking (Biener and Abrams Contemplation Ladder) nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency) equanimity (Equanimity Scale-16) stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) goal assessment/attainment (Problems and Goals Assessment Scale). This study is the first to compare resilience interventions for low SES smokers which have been identified by them as acceptable. Our various repeated measures and process evaluation will facilitate exploration of mechanisms of impact. We intervene within the novel framework of the Psychosocial Model of Resilience, applying a promising paradigm to address a critical and inequitable public health problem. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ID: ACTRN12621000445875, registered 19 April 2021 ( anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=381007& isReview=true ). The Universal Trial Number is U1111-1261–8951
Cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma undergoing standard chemotherapy: a longitudinal feasibility study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-07153-9
Abstract: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a recognised adverse consequence of cancer and its treatment. This study assessed the feasibility of collecting longitudinal data on cognition in patients with newly diagnosed, aggressive lymphoma undergoing standard therapy with curative intent via self-report, neuropsychological assessment, peripheral markers of inflammation, and neuroimaging. An exploration and description of patterns of cancer-related cognitive impairment over the course of treatment and recovery was also undertaken and will be reported separately. Eligible participants completed repeated measures of cognition including self-report and neuropsychological assessment, and correlates of cognition including blood cell–based inflammatory markers, and neuroimaging at three pre-specified timepoints, time 1 (T1) — pre-treatment (treatment naïve), time 2 (T2) — mid-treatment, and time 3 (T3) — 6 to 8 weeks post-completion of treatment. 30/33 eligible patients (91%, 95% CI: 76%, 97%) were recruited over 10 months. The recruitment rate was 3 patients/month (95% CI: 2.0, 4.3 patients/month). Reasons for declining included feeling overwhelmed and rapid treatment commencement. Mean age was 57 years (SD = 17 years) and 16/30 (53%) were male. Most patients (20/30, 67%) had diffuse large B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma (4/30, 13%). The neuroimaging sub-study was optional, 11/30 participants (37%) were eligible to take part, and all agreed. The remaining 19 participants were ineligible as their diagnostic PET/CT scan was completed prior. Retention and compliance with all assessments were 89 to 100% at all timepoints. Only one participant was withdrawn due to disease progression. Findings from this study including excellent recruitment, retention, and compliance rates demonstrate it is feasible to longitudinally assess cognition in people with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma during their initial treatment and recovery to inform the development of future research to improve patient experiences and cognitive outcomes. Trial registration. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001649101.
Parenting and child body mass index: Longitudinal investigation of maternal and paternal influence
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
Predictors of re-participation in faecal occult blood test-based screening for colorectal cancer
Publisher: Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
Date: 31-12-2012
DOI: 10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.12.5989
Abstract: There is little information on longitudinal patterns of participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening or on demographic or behavioural factors associated with participation in re-screening. The lack of an agreed system for describing participatory behaviour over multiple rounds also h ers our ability to report, understand and make use of observed associations. Our aims were to develop a system for describing patterns of participatory behaviour in FOBT-based CRC screening programs and to identify factors associated with particular behavioural patterns. A descriptive framework was developed and applied to a data extract of screening invitation outcomes over two rounds of the NBCSP. The proportion of invitees in each behaviour category was determined and associations between behaviour patterns and demographic and program factors were identified using multivariate analyses. We considered Re- Participants, Dropouts, Late Entrants and Never Participants to be the most appropriate labels for the four possible observed participatory categories after two invitation rounds. The screening participation rate of the South Australian cohort of the NBCSP remained stable over two rounds at 51%, with second round Dropouts (10.3%) being balanced by Late Entrants (10.5%). Non-Participants comprised 38.7% of invitees. Relative to Re-Participants, Dropouts were older, more likely to be female, of lower SES, had changed their place of residence between offers had a positive test result in the first round. Late Entrants tended to be in the youngest age band. Specific demographic characteristics are associated with behavioural sub-groups defined by responses to 2 offers of CRC screening. Targeted group-specific strategies could reduce dropout behaviour or encourage those who declined the first invitation to participate in the second round. It will be important to keep first round participants engaged in order to maximise the benefit of a CRC screening program.
Predictors of mother-daughter resemblance in dietary intake: The role of eating styles, mothers' consumption, and closeness
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2011.10.012
Abstract: The present study examined the resemblance between daughters' and mothers' intake of energy-dense food (EDF) and vegetables as perceived by daughters and the potential moderating influence of relationship closeness. One-hundred and twelve female first-year psychology students (aged 17-25 years) completed an online measure incorporating questions on demographic information, food frequency, eating style, and mother-daughter closeness. The EDF and vegetable consumption of daughters and their perception of their mothers' consumption were significantly related. Daughters who ate more EDF perceived that their mothers consumed more EDF and vegetables overall and had lower levels of restrained eating. Both mothers' consumption of vegetables (as perceived by daughters) and the number of meals consumed within the family home had a strong influence on daughters' vegetable intake. Closeness of the mother-daughter relationship did not moderate the relationship between the EDF or vegetable intake of mothers and daughters. Overall, these findings are consistent with the contention that mothers may have a significant influence on the EDF consumption and vegetable intake of their young adult daughters. The mechanism of this influence requires further investigation.
Sober Curiosity: A Qualitative Study Exploring Women’s Preparedness to Reduce Alcohol by Social Class
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-11-2022
Abstract: Background: Urgent action is required to identify socially acceptable alcohol reduction options for heavy-drinking midlife Australian women. This study represents innovation in public health research to explore how current trends in popular wellness culture toward ‘sober curiosity’ (i.e., an interest in what reducing alcohol consumption would or could be like) and normalising non-drinking could increase women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol consumption. Methods: Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 27 midlife Australian women (aged 45–64) living in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney in different social class groups (working, middle and affluent-class) to explore their perceptions of sober curiosity. Results: Women were unequally distributed across social-classes and accordingly the social-class analysis considered proportionally the volume of data at particular codes. Regardless, social-class patterns in women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol consumption were generated through data analysis. Affluent women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol consumption stemmed from a desire for self-regulation and to retain control middle-class women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol was part of performing civility and respectability and working-class women’s preparedness to reduce alcohol was highly challenging. Options are provided for alcohol reduction targeting the social contexts of consumption (the things that lead midlife women to feel prepared to reduce drinking) according to levels of disadvantage. Conclusion: Our findings reinstate the importance of recognising social class in public health disease prevention validating that socially determined factors which shape daily living also shape health outcomes and this results in inequities for women in the lowest class positions to reduce alcohol and related risks.
Use of social networking sites and associations with skin tone dissatisfaction, sun exposure, and sun protection in a sample of Australian adolescents
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-07-2017
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1347788
Abstract: Previous research has indicated that greater exposure to traditional media (i.e. television, film, and print) predicted skin cancer risk factors in adolescents however, the relationship between social media usage and these outcomes remains unexplored. We examined whether social networking site (SNS) usage, and the particular manner of this use, was associated with skin tone dissatisfaction, sun exposure and sun protection among Australian adolescents. We also explored sex differences in SNS usage related to tanning. A total of 1856 South Australian secondary school students completed the Australian School Students Alcohol and Drug 2014 survey. SNS usage related to tanning comprised posting pictures, posting text, viewing pictures, viewing text and liking or sharing posts. Adolescents spent 214.56 minutes, on average, per day using SNSs. Behaviours related to tanning that involved pictures (i.e. viewing pictures, posting pictures, and liking or sharing content) were significantly associated with more skin tone dissatisfaction, more sun exposure and less sun protection. Females performed all SNS-linked behaviours more frequently than did males, with the exception of posting text. Australian adolescents spend a considerable amount of time using SNSs, and their behaviours related to tanning on these SNSs are significantly associated with skin cancer risk factors.
Equity of colorectal cancer screening: which groups have inequitable participation and what can we do about it?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/PY11055
Abstract: The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) offers population-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) across Australia. The aims of this paper were to highlight the inequities in CRC screening in South Australia (SA) and the system-related barriers and enablers to CRC screening from the perspective of participants identified as having inequitable participation. First, de-identified data for the SA population of the NBCSP were statistically analysed and then mapped. Second, 117 in-depth interviews were conducted with culturally and linguistically erse (CALD) groups, Indigenous and Anglo-Saxon Australians. Participation rates in the NBCSP were geographically and statistically significantly different (P 0.0001) on the basis of gender (higher for women), age (higher for older people) and socioeconomic status (higher for more affluent people). The main system-related barriers were the lack of awareness of CRC or CRC screening within these groups, the problems with language due to most of the information being in English and the lack of recommendation by a doctor. This study revealed that inequity exists in the NBCSP participation in SA, and we identified both barriers and facilitators to CRC screening that require action at the level of both policy and practice. There is a large role in primary health care of both recommending CRC screening and facilitating equitable participation.
Long-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet on mood and cognitive function
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 09-11-2009
Web-Based Communication Strategies Designed to Improve Intention to Minimize Risk for Colorectal Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 21-06-2017
Abstract: eople seek information on the Web for managing their colorectal cancer (CRC) risk but retrieve much personally irrelevant material. Targeting information pertinent to this cohort via a frequently asked question (FAQ) format could improve outcomes. e identified and prioritized colorectal cancer information for men and women aged 35 to 74 years (study 1) and built a website containing FAQs ordered by age and gender. In study 2, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test whether targeted FAQs were more influential on intention to act on CRC risk than the same information accessed via a generic topic list. Secondary analyses compared preference for information delivery, usability, relevance, and likelihood of recommendation of FAQ and LIST websites. tudy 1 determined the colorectal cancer information needs of Australians (N=600) by sex and age group (35-49, 50-59, 60-74) through a Web-based survey. Free-text responses were categorized as FAQs: the top 5 issues within each of the 6 cohorts were identified. Study 2 (N=240) compared the impact of presentation as targeted FAQ links to information with links presented as a generic list (LIST) and a CONTROL (no information) condition. We also tested preference for presentation of access to information as FAQ or LIST by adding a CHOICE condition (a self-selected choice of FAQs or a list of information topics). tudy 1 showed considerable consistency in information priorities among all 6 cohorts with 2 main concerns: treatment of CRC and risk factors. Some differences included a focus on general risk factors, excluding diet and lifestyle, in the younger cohort, and on the existence of a test for CRC in the older cohorts. Study 2 demonstrated that, although respondents preferred information access ordered by FAQs over a list, presentation in this format had limited impact on readiness to act on colorectal cancer risk compared with the list or a no-information control (P=.06). Both FAQ and LIST were evaluated as equally usable. Those aged 35 to 49 years rated the information less relevant to them and others in their age group, and information ordered by FAQs was rated, across all age groups and both sexes, as less relevant to people outside the age group targeted within the FAQs. AQs are preferred over a list as a strategy for presenting access to information about CRC. They may improve intention to act on risk, although further research is required. Future research should aim to identify better the characteristics of information content and presentation that optimize perceived relevance and fully engage the target audience. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12618000137291 www.anzctr.org. au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374129 (Archived by WebCite at x2Mr6rPC)
What causes breast cancer? A systematic review of causal attributions among breast cancer survivors and how these compare to expert endorsed risks.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10552-014-0377-3
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to review published research that analyzed causal attributions for breast cancer among women previously diagnosed with breast cancer. These attributions were compared with risk factors identified by published scientific evidence in order to determine the level of agreement between cancer survivors' attributions and expert opinion. A comprehensive search for articles, published between 1982 and 2012, reporting studies on causal attributions for breast cancer among patients and survivors was undertaken. Of 5,135 potentially relevant articles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two additional articles were sourced from reference lists of included studies. Results indicated a consistent belief among survivors that their own breast cancer could be attributed to family history, environmental factors, stress, fate, or chance. Lifestyle factors were less frequently identified, despite expert health information highlighting the importance of these factors in controlling and modifying cancer risk. This review demonstrated that misperceptions about the contribution of modifiable lifestyle factors to the risk of breast cancer have remained largely unchanged over the past 30 years. The findings of this review indicate that beliefs about the causes of breast cancer among affected women are not always consistent with the judgement of experts. Breast cancer survivors did not regularly identify causal factors supported by expert consensus such as age, physical inactivity, breast density, alcohol consumption, and reproductive history. Further research examining psychological predictors of attributions and the impact of cancer prevention messages on adjustment and well-being of cancer survivors is warranted.
Web-Based Communication Strategies Designed to Improve Intention to Minimize Risk for Colorectal Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 12-02-2018
DOI: 10.2196/CANCER.8250
Self-esteem and body dissatisfaction in young children: Associations with weight and perceived parenting style
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Exploring the validity of the Continuum of Resistance model for discriminating early from late and non-uptake of colorectal cancer screening: Implications for the design of invitation and reminder letters
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-012-9254-1
Abstract: The continuum of resistance model contends that respondents lie at one end of a continuum and non-respondents at the other with respect to factors demonstrated to impact on screening participation. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of this model for the prediction of participation in colorectal cancer screening. People aged 50 to 74 years were asked to complete a survey (n = 1,250). Eligible respondents (n = 376, 30 %) were invited to complete a faecal occult blood test (FOBT). The cutoff period for the determination of participation rates was 12 weeks, with a reminder sent at 6 weeks. FOBTs were returned by n = 196 people (132 within 6 weeks, 64 following a reminder). Participation was generally influenced by the same variables in both the first 6 weeks and the second 6 weeks, consistent with the continuum of resistance model. These variables were having known someone with bowel cancer and the social cognitive factor, perceptions of barriers to screening. There is a suggestion, however, that other factors may be differentially associated with early, late and non-participants. Participation in screening appears somewhat consistent with the continuum of resistance model in that early and late participants respond to some of the same factors. This suggests that the same messages are relevant to early, late and non-screeners, but further consideration of what other factors may be influencing discrete stages of readiness to participate is necessary.
A review of community engagement in cancer control studies among Indigenous people of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-02-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2354.2012.01325.X
Abstract: This review aimed to address studies of cancer control in Indigenous populations, with a focus on: (1) the nature and extent of community engagement and (2) the extent to which community engagement has facilitated successful outcomes. Articles addressing Indigenous cancer control using some degree of community engagement were identified by a search of the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (via Ovid and Pubmed), psycINFO, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Relevant studies were scored and analysed according to Green et al.'s guidelines for participatory research. Studies often engaged the community only minimally. Where studies resulted in successful outcomes, they tended to have included Indigenous community members in genuine research roles, from planning, to implementation, to presentation of results at conferences. Studies with positive health outcomes were often initiated by a combination of academic researchers and community members or organisations. This narrative review highlighted significant scope for improvement in community-based studies addressing Indigenous cancer control. Increased attention to the philosophical underpinnings of community engagement is required to ensure that the benefits of this approach are translated to achieve improved cancer control outcomes. An increased awareness of the benefits of community engagement may prove effective in conducting cancer control research that leads to improved outcomes in Indigenous communities.
The Mediterranean Diet and Cognitive Function among Healthy Older Adults in a 6-Month Randomised Controlled Trial: The MedLey Study
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-09-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8090579
The Impact of Illness Perceptions and Coping Strategies on Use of Supportive Care for Cancer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-05-2021
Abstract: Despite evidence that survivorship support programmes enhance physical and psychosocial wellbeing, cancer patients and survivors often do not use these supportive care services. This study investigated the utility of the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation for predicting supportive care use following cancer, and the mediating role of coping strategies. Cancer patients and survivors (n = 336 from Australia, n = 61 from the UK 191 males, 206 females) aged 20–83 years (Mean (M) = 62.73, Standard Deviation (SD) = 13.28) completed an online questionnaire. Predictor variables were cognitive and emotional representations of cancer, as measured by the Illness Perception Questionnaire—Revised (IPQ-R), and problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies, as measured by the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory (Brief-COPE). The outcome variable was survivorship support programme use within the preceding month. Perceived personal control over cancer predicted supportive care use, but cancer-related emotional distress did not. Coping was an inconsistent mediator of the relationships. Problem-focused coping mediated the relationship between personal control and supportive care use emotion-focused coping did not mediate between emotional responses to cancer and the uptake of survivorship support programmes. The Common Sense Model provides a useful framework for understanding survivorship support programme use. However, more clarity around the relationship between illness beliefs and coping is required.
A randomised controlled intervention trial evaluating the efficacy of a Mediterranean dietary pattern on cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in healthy older adults: the MedLey study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2015
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Preventive Health Model for Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Australian Study
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2010
Abstract: We investigated whether the five-factor structure of the Preventive Health Model for colorectal cancer screening, developed in the United States, has validity in Australia. We also tested extending the model with the addition of the factor Self-Efficacy to Screen using Fecal Occult Blood Test (SESFOBT). Randomly selected men and women aged between 50 and 76 years ( n = 414) responded to a survey. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the U.S. model provided adequate fit for the group as a whole and for men and women separately, thereby demonstrating cross-cultural validity for measuring factors influencing the decision to screen. The inclusion of SESFOBT in the model resulted in a comparable, but less parsimonious, fit. However, self-efficacy is a demonstrated mediator of intention and action, and it is argued that the addition of SESFOBT as a sixth factor may have utility for the design of strategies to increase actual uptake of FOBT.
Failure to attend radiation oncology appointments during COVID ‐19: Analysis of data from an Australian public hospital
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-05-2022
Abstract: COVID‐19 has impacted lives worldwide. Public health guidance has advocated for minimisation of infection risk by encouraging social isolation and physical distancing. In response, many health services have changed delivery practices to increased use of telehealth. We undertook an audit of hospital attendance data collected from a radiation oncology service in a large public hospital in Victoria, Australia between January and September in 2019, and the same period in 2020. The aim was to discern the impact of COVID‐19 on attendance at appointments and whether attendance rates differed by appointment type. Attendance data and appointment type for the two targeted periods (a total of 62,528 appointments for 3383 patients) were extracted from the database maintained by the radiation oncology service. Logistic generalised estimating equation (GEE) models were run with the final model including the COVID‐19 period (pre, during) and all patient and appointment characteristics. Results indicated a small decrease in attendance in 2020 (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.25, P = 0.026) with this predominantly reported for the non‐treatment appointments, which consisted of follow‐up appointments, nurse appointments, and treatment review appointments. Attendance for radiation oncology treatment was largely unaffected by COVID‐19 although other services experienced slight reductions. Changes to work practices, specifically the increased use of telehealth, may have moderated the impact. Given the focus on one service in one location, it is not possible to generalise these results and future research should closely monitor both patient and staff satisfaction with services delivered via modified processes.
Development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Perceptions of Parental Illness Questionnaire for Cancer
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/PON.6168
Abstract: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perceptions of Parental Illness Questionnaire for Cancer (PPIQ‐C) among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). A s le of 372 AYAs (aged 12–24 years) who had a parent diagnosed with cancer completed the PPIQ‐C and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to examine the dimensional structure of the PPIQ‐C. Scale reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha (α) and McDonald's omega (ω). Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to assess construct validity by examining correlations between PPIQ‐C subscale scores and K10 total scores. The PPIQ‐C is organised into three sections, each with a separate factor structure for items representing identity , core ( emotional representations , coherence , timeline , consequences , and controllability ), and cause dimensions of the Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation. Exploratory factor analyses determined the structure of each section: identity items comprised two subscales (12 items), core items comprised 10 subscales (38 items), and cause items comprised three subscales (11 items). Scale reliability was acceptable for all subscales, except the cause subscale chance or luck attributions ( α = 0.665). Correlations between PPIQ‐C subscale scores and K10 total scores provided support for construct validity. Preliminary evidence suggests that the PPIQ‐C is a reliable, valid, and useful tool for assessing illness perceptions among AYAs with a parent with cancer. The PPIQ‐C may be a useful addition to both clinical practice and future research, however further evaluation work is needed to confirm its structure and robustness prior to use.
A meta-analysis of the effects of chemotherapy on cognition in patients with cancer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CTRV.2012.11.001
Abstract: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess whether chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment is consistently observed in cancer patients and to identify the areas of cognition affected. The meta-analysis included 13 studies and examined the effects of chemotherapy on seven different cognitive domains, across five cancer types. It was the intention of this meta-analysis to stringently exclude many studies, allowing for examination of cognition in carefully selected studies of chemotherapy recipients who do not have current mood or anxiety diagnoses (or psychiatric or substance abuse histories), without brain cancer and who have not had radiotherapy or hormone treatment. A moderator analysis examined whether patient age, treatment duration and time since treatment end significantly contributed to chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Evidence for the presence of cognitive impairment following cancer treatment was established for executive function and memory. No relationship was found between cognitive impairment and time since treatment cessation but a significant negative relationship was found for treatment duration. Age had no impact on treatment-related cognitive impairment. Future research must be conducted on chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in cancer types such as lymphoma and leukaemia, which have received a moderate amount of attention and colorectal cancer, which has received little attention. This would enable us to determine the extent to which chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment is a universal phenomenon associated with the cancer experience and its treatment regardless of cancer type.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Cognitive Performance in Type 2 Diabetes
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2012
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is associated with reductions in cognitive function that are associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, but there is no information on whether cognition is related to postmeal glucose spikes. We explored the relationship of cognition to glucose levels measured by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) both before and after a weight loss diet. Forty-four white subjects with type 2 diabetes (59.0 ± 6.2 years old body mass index, 32.8 ± 4.2 kg/m(2) HbA1c, 6.9 ± 1.0%) completed an 8-week energy-restricted (approximately 6-7 MJ, 30% deficit) diet. Cognitive functioning (short-term memory, working memory, speed of processing [inspection time], psychomotor speed, and executive function) was assessed during four practice sessions, baseline, and Week 8. Parallel glucose levels were attained using the CGMS in 27 subjects. Outcomes were assessed by fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial peak glucose (G(max)), time spent >12 mmol/L (T > 12), and 24-h area under the glucose curve (AUC(24)). Despite a fall in FBG of 0.65 mmol/L after 8 weeks, digits backward results correlated with FBG at both Week 0 and Week 8 (r = -0.43, P < 0.01 and r = -0.32, P < 0.01, respectively). Digits forward results correlated with FBG (r = -0.39, P < 0.01), G(max) (r = -0.46, P < 0.05), and AUC(24) (r = -0.50, P < 0.01) at Week 0 and FBG (r = -0.59, P < 0.001), G(max) (r = 0.37, P = 0.01), AUC(24) (r = -0.41, P < 0.01), and percentage weight loss (r = 0.31, P < 0.01) at Week 8. Cognitive function was not altered by weight loss, gender, baseline lipid levels, or premorbid intelligence levels (National Adult Reading Test). FBG, G(max,) and AUC(24) were related to cognitive function and an energy-restricted diet for 8 weeks did not alter this relationship.
Healthy organisations are associated with healthy employees: Results of a cross-sectional study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Homophily and Contagion as Explanations for Weight Similarities Among Adolescent Friends
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2011.02.008
Abstract: To determine whether weight-based similarities among adolescent friends result from social influence processes, after controlling for the role of weight on friendship selection and other confounding influences. Four waves of data were collected from a grade 8 cohort of adolescents (N = 156, mean age = 13.6 years) over their initial 2 years of high school. At each wave, participants reported on their friendship relations with grade-mates and had their height and weight measured by researchers to calculate their body mass index (BMI). Newly developed stochastic actor-oriented models for social networks were used to simultaneously assess the role of weight on adolescents' friendship choices, and the effect of friends' BMIs on changes in adolescent BMI. Adolescents' BMIs were not significantly predicted by the BMI of their friends over the 16 months of this study. Similarities in the weights of friends were found to be driven predominantly by friendship selection, whereby adolescents, particularly those who were not overweight, preferred to initiate friendships with peers whose weight status (overweight/nonoverweight) was the same as their own. Weight-based similarities among friends were largely explained by the marginalization of overweight adolescents by their peers, rather than by the "contagion" of excess weight among friends. These findings highlight the importance of adequately modeling friendship selection processes when estimating social influence effects on adiposity.
Sun-related behaviours among young Australians with Asian ethnic background: differences according to sociocultural norms and skin tone perceptions
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 29-12-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12275
Abstract: Deliberate tanning, poor sun protection and sun exposure increase an in idual's risk for skin cancer. Recent evidence suggests that in iduals of Asian heritage have lower incidence of skin cancer than Caucasians but that their post-diagnosis outcomes are often worse. In Western cultures tanning behaviours are often motivated by a desire for 'attractive' tanned skin. Conversely, a light complexion is desired in a number of Asian cultures and may consequently serve to protect this group from excessive and risky sun exposure behaviours. This possibility is yet to be tested, with little known about the sun-related behaviours of Asian people residing in Australia. The present study involves 140 South Australian young adults who report having Asian heritage. Results show that the majority of female participants, and significantly fewer males, reported participating in deliberate outdoor tanning behaviour. Perceptions of family, peer and media tanning norms influenced behaviour, with peer norms being the strongest predictor. The desire for a lighter skin tone was associated with increased sun-protective behaviour and a lower number of previous severe sunburns. As a significant proportion of participants engaged in deliberate tanning behaviour, it is recommended that future research continue to explore factors associated with tanning, including an explicit measure of culture.
Dietary Supplementation with Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Implications for Interventions with Persons with Mental Retardation from Research on Infant Cognitive Development, ADHD, and Other Developm
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2006
Distress and problem assessment among people living with cancer from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse backgrounds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5503
Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Child Feeding Questionnaire in Australian preschool children
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2008.02.013
Abstract: The Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) is a widely used measure of parental feeding practices, comprising seven factors that measure aspects of parental control over feeding and beliefs about children's obesity proneness. Parents in South Australia (N=203) completed the CFQ at their 4- or 5-year-old child's preschool health visits in May and June 2006. This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Initially, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the CFQ. Using EFA an additional factor could be extracted, comprising 2 items from the Restriction subscale regarding parents' use of food to reward behaviour. Several modified seven factor models of the CFQ, specified in previous research, were examined using confirmatory factor analysis and compared with an eight factor model. An eight factor model specifying an additional factor, food as reward, provided the best fit to the data, however, until replicated and validated, a seven factor model excluding the reward items is recommended for general use. The findings suggest that further work is required in the conceptualization of the Restriction subscale.
Improving Survivors’ Quality of Life Post-Treatment: The Perspectives of Rural Australian Cancer Survivors and Their Carers
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-03-2021
Abstract: The transition from urban centres back to rural and remote communities can be challenging for rural cancer survivors after treatment. This study aimed to (a) provide deeper understanding of the experiences of rural survivors who have completed active cancer treatment and returned to their rural communities, and (b) determine strategies to re-orient existing services or develop new interventions to more appropriately meet rural survivors’ service preferences and needs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 adults (64% female) who lived outside of a metropolitan area and had completed active cancer treatment (n = 13), were the carer for a rural/remote cancer survivor (n = 6), or were both a survivor and carer (n = 3). Thematic analysis was conducted to identify dominant themes in the qualitative data. A range of physical, psychological and practical challenges that impact quality of life among rural survivors post-treatment were found. These challenges appeared to be compounded by a lack of trust in local rural healthcare services and a lack of clear post-treatment pathways to quality of life-enhancing support services. Acceptable strategies to overcome barriers included nurse-led, telephone-based, or face-to-face interventions, initiated and continued by the same service provider, and that included support to manage emotional challenges associated with post-treatment survivorship. The findings will inform the design of interventions to better meet rural cancer survivors’ post-treatment support needs.
Does mindfulness matter? Everyday mindfulness, mindful eating and self-reported serving size of energy dense foods among a sample of South Australian adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2013.03.012
Abstract: Serving size is a modifiable determinant of energy consumption, and an important factor to address in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The present study tested an hypothesised negative association between in iduals' everyday mindfulness and self-reported serving size of energy dense foods. The mediating role of mindful eating was also explored. A community s le of 171 South Australian adults completed self-report measures of everyday mindfulness and mindful eating. The dependent measure was participants' self-reported average serving size of energy dense foods consumed in the preceding week. Participants who reported higher levels of everyday mindfulness were more mindful eaters (r=0.41, p<0.05) and reported smaller serving size estimates of energy dense foods (r=-.25, p<0.05). Mindful eating fully mediated the negative association between everyday mindfulness and serving size. The domains of mindful eating most relevant to serving size included emotional and disinhibited eating. Results suggest that mindful eating may have a greater influence on serving size than daily mindfulness.
Effect of a spa bath on patient symptoms in an acute palliative care setting: A pilot study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CTCP.2018.05.004
Abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the potential for a spa bath intervention to reduce the perception of pain and anxiety, and to improve well-being, among palliative patients. 52 palliative care patients rated their pain, anxiety and well-being before and after taking a bath in a purpose-built spa bath designed to accommodate frail and unwell patients. The intervention improved patients' self-reported pain (t(51) = -6.13, p<.001, d The provision of a spa bath may be a simple and effective way to improve patients' quality of life, within the normal course of nursing duties. Whether these results are achieved in a controlled trial and the duration of these effects is unknown. These preliminary results justify further investigation of the potential for water-based relaxation therapy for patients at the end-of-life.
Using the theory of planned behavior to understand health professionals' attitudes and intentions to refer cancer patients for psychosocial support
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2010
DOI: 10.1002/PON.1897
Abstract: To describe oncology professionals' patterns of referral to existing community and psychosocial support services, including complementary therapies utilizing the theory of planned behavior (TPB). An exploratory cross-sectional survey of 72 oncology professionals including nurses (73.6%), medical practitioners (19.4%) and allied health professionals (6.9%) from health institutions in South Australia assessed past referral patterns, perceived attitudes of peers, control over and attitudes toward, referral, past referral practices and how these impact on intention to refer. Referral to support services such as a cancer helpline, allied health or complementary services was infrequent. A hierarchical regression entering awareness, past referral and the TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm and perceived control) explained 51% of the variance on the outcome 'intention to refer'. Barriers to referral for support included lack of local services for remote patients, and financial considerations. Interventions with health professionals should focus on the development of a culture, which recognizes the importance of addressing a breadth of patient needs across the cancer trajectory. Education and support for health professionals is required to ensure that they feel comfortable discussing support needs and referring to appropriate support services.
‘We’re completely back to normal, but I’d say it’s a new normal’: a qualitative exploration of adaptive functioning in rural families following a parental cancer diagnosis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-017-3785-6
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore rural families' functioning following a parental cancer diagnosis. Ten families in which a parent of dependent children had received a cancer diagnosis were purposively s led using two questionnaires based upon the Resiliency Model of Family Adjustment and Adaptation (RMFAA): the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES) and the Family Attachment Changeability Index 8 (FACI8). The total participant number was 34, which comprised the involvement of 17 parents and 17 children. The use of questionnaires ensured representation from both high and low functioning families. Qualitative data were gathered via semi-structured family interviews, and thematic analysis was used. Families identified three key challenges that are not accounted for by the RMFAA and may be unique to the rural cancer patient experience: frequent travel, increased work/financial demands and family separation. Families also described a number of protective factors that enabled them to cope with the demands of the cancer diagnosis, some of which were specific to rural families, while others may apply to Australian families more broadly. Many of these protective factors aligned with the RMFAA framework. The findings suggest that rural families' ability and willingness to access external resources, including informal community support and formal support services, are influenced by the strength of their internal protective factors. This result has practical implications for the development of interventions that accommodate the specific supportive care needs of rural families affected by cancer.
Comparison of mailed invitation strategies to improve fecal occult blood test participation in men: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
The impact of sample type and procedural attributes on relative acceptability of different colorectal cancer screening regimens
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S172143
Challenges associated with recruiting multigenerational, multicultural families into a randomised controlled trial: Balancing feasibility with validity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2015.06.004
Abstract: Recruitment of participants into research studies has become an increasingly difficult task with justifiable criticisms of representativeness of s les. The difficulties of recruitment are exacerbated when the study is longitudinal, requires multiple members from one family and incorporates people from non-dominant ethnic backgrounds. This paper describes a complex trial's recruitment process. Family groups were required for a longitudinal randomised controlled trial investigating links between health and dietary behaviours with an aim to improve primary prevention health messages and initiatives. To be representative of the multi-ethnic composition of the South Australian population, families from three of South Australia's largest ethnic backgrounds were invited to participate. Of these, only families with participating members spanning three generations were enrolled, so that links between health and lifestyle behaviours with possible generational ties could be investigated. Immense difficulties were faced during recruitment and significant modifications to the initial recruitment plan were necessary to enable the enrolment of 96 families. Challenges faced included lack of response to recruitment materials displaying complex eligibility criteria and different response outcomes from different communities. Solutions implemented included simplifying materials and tailoring recruitment activities to specific communities' needs. This trial's recruitment journey will be used as a case study to highlight the practicalities of recruiting for complex trials. Recommendations will be provided for future researchers seeking to recruit multigenerational, multi-ethnic families into the same study, along with issues to consider regarding the implications of the recruitment journey on the integrity of a complex trial and the potential threats to internal validity.
Watching reality weight loss TV: The effects on body satisfaction, mood, and snack food consumption.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.04.070
Abstract: The present study investigated the influence of a weight loss reality TV show on body satisfaction, mood and food consumption. Young Australian women (N = 99) first completed baseline measures of state body satisfaction and mood. They were then randomly allocated to either a weight loss or a home renovation programme and were provided with snack foods during viewing. Post-measures included state body satisfaction, state mood and trait dietary restraint and snack food consumption. BMI moderated the relationship between condition and body satisfaction and mood. Larger women experienced less body satisfaction and less positive mood in response to the weight loss programme. Dietary restraint moderated the relationship between condition and food consumption. A greater percentage of women with lower dietary restraint ate in the control condition whilst a greater percentage of women with higher dietary restraint ate food whilst watching the weight loss programme. These findings highlight the potential negative impact of weight-focused reality TV on mood, body satisfaction and snack food consumption among some women.
Internet access for delivery of health information to South Australians older than 50
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2008.00196.X
Abstract: An exploratory study to determine the proportion of people aged 50-76 years who have Internet access, the location of this access, predictive characteristics of such access, and preparedness to receive unsolicited health information through this medium. A random s le of 1,000 South Australians was identified from the Australian Electoral Commission roll and contacted by telephone in 2006. They were invited to answer questions about their access to the Internet and attitude towards receiving unsolicited health information via the Internet. Of those contacted, 41% provided information. Of this group, 59% indicated that they had Internet access, mostly at home. Men were more likely than women to have home access (p<0.05). Higher educational achievement, higher economic status and younger age were all significantly associated with access. Of those who had access, 65% would be willing to receive health information through the Internet. More than half the population older than 50 years has access to the Internet at some location, and there is a general acceptance of the possibility of receiving health-promoting material via this medium. However, delivery via the Internet alone would disadvantage those who are less educated, less financially well off and older. It is likely that a generational change in the entire nature of public communication will influence the efficiency and effectiveness of preventive health promotion delivery via the Internet. In order to facilitate improved health outcomes, issues of disparity of access must be addressed.
Demographic, social cognitive and social ecological predictors of intention and participation in screening for colorectal cancer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2011
The relationship between sun protection policies and practices in schools with primary-age students: the role of school demographics, policy comprehensiveness and SunSmart membership
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-11-2014
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYT105
Abstract: Schools can implement evidence-based sun protection policies that guide practices to help protect children from harmful sun exposure. This national study assessed the relationship between the existence and comprehensiveness of written policies and the comprehensiveness of sun protection practices. The impact of school demographics on the strength of the relationship was also examined, as was the possibility that 'SunSmart' membership would have an additional impact on practices, beyond having any formal policy. In 2011-12, staff members of 1573 schools catering to primary-age students completed a self-administered survey about sun protection policies and practices (response rate of 57%). Results showed that schools with a written policy had more comprehensive practices than schools without a written policy. The relationship between having a written policy and sun protection practices was stronger for remote schools compared with metropolitan and regional schools, and for schools catering to both primary and secondary students compared with primary students only. In addition, policy comprehensiveness was associated with practice comprehensiveness, and SunSmart membership was indirectly related to practice comprehensiveness via policy comprehensiveness. These results indicate that written policies relate to practice comprehensiveness, but the strength of the association can vary according to the characteristics of the organization.
‘Being a farmer, I mostly always think there is something more important to do’: A mixed methods analysis of the skin cancer detection practices of Australian farmers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-08-2023
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.796
Abstract: Farmers experience skin cancer and die from melanoma at significantly higher rates than the general Australian population. This study examined Australian farmers' engagement with self‐skin examinations (SSE), participation in clinical skin examinations (CSE) by a health professional, and self‐reported barriers to engagement with these important skin cancer detection practices. A cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods design was used. Australian farmers were recruited through an industry‐based organisation representing livestock farmers. Farmers ( N = 498 22–89 years 83.1% male) responded to a paper‐based survey that included closed‐ and open‐ended questions. Farmers reported engagement with self‐conducted SSE and routine CSE that was comparable to findings in the general population, but 29.4% of farmers reported that they had not sought a CSE as soon as possible after noticing changes to their skin. Farmers reported a range of barriers to SSE, including physical difficulties examining their skin, difficulties identifying changes in their skin, forgetfulness, and lack of motivation. Barriers to CSE included accessibility, cost, difficulties finding the right doctor, and avoidance and complacency. There is a need to make clinical skin cancer detection more accessible to farmers, in addition to promoting self‐skin examination and help‐seeking behaviours within this at risk population. Novel approaches are needed to address systemic barriers faced by Australian farmers. These may include the use of teledermatology or artificial intelligence to assist with CSE. Remote training delivery methods may be also utilised to teach SSE skills to farmers who may be otherwise unable to access such opportunities.
Comparative systematic review of the psychometric properties of measures of illness perceptions in family members of individuals diagnosed with a chronic physical illness
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-01-2021
DOI: 10.1111/SCS.12822
The relationship between sun protection policy and associated practices in a national sample of early childhood services in Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-11-2010
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYQ070
Abstract: Limiting exposure to sunlight during childhood can significantly reduce the risk of skin cancer. This was the first national study to assess the sun protection policies and practices of early childhood services across Australia. It also examined the key predictors of services' sun protection practices. In 2007, 1017 respondents completed a self-administered survey about the sun protection policies and practices in their early childhood service (response rate of 59%). Most (95%) had a written sun protection policy. The most common policy inclusions were hat wearing (91%), sunscreen use (87%) and enforcement of policy (97%). Less frequently reported inclusions were protective clothing (69%), information for parents/caregivers (58%) and regular reviews/updates of policies (65%). Basic sun protection practices (e.g. required any type of hat and sunscreen use) were more commonly reported than extensive practices (required protective clothing or regularly applied sunscreen). Higher sun protection policy scores, being a formal childcare service as opposed to a kindergarten re-school and having SunSmart status as opposed to not, were associated with higher sun protection practice scores (P < 0.001). Sun protection policies may be improved through encouraging services to have more specific policy inclusions and to model their policies on the SunSmart Early Childhood Program.
Improving Medication Safety in Cancer Services for Ethnic Minority Consumers: Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Co-Designed Consumer Engagement Intervention
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 18-09-2023
DOI: 10.2196/49902
Longitudinal exploration of cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma: protocol for a feasibility study
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-038312
Abstract: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a distressing and disabling side-effect of cancer treatments affecting up to 75% of patients. For some patients, their cognitive impairment may be transient, but for a subgroup, these symptoms can be long-standing and have a major impact on the quality of life. This paper describes the protocol for a study: (1) to assess the feasibility of collecting longitudinal data on cognition via self-report, neuropsychological testing, peripheral markers of inflammation and neuroimaging and (2) to explore and describe patterns of cancer-related cognitive impairment over the course of treatment and recovery in patients with newly diagnosed, aggressive lymphoma undergoing standard therapy with curative intent. This is a prospective, longitudinal, feasibility study in which 30 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients with aggressive lymphoma will be recruited over a 12-month period. Patients will complete comprehensive assessments at three time points: baseline (time 1, pre-treatment) and two post-baseline follow-up assessments (time 2, mid-treatment and time 3, 6–8 weeks post-treatment completion). All patients will be assessed for self-reported cognitive difficulties and objective cognitive function using Stroop Colour and Word, Trail Making Test Part A and B, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Controlled Oral Word Association and Digit Span. Blood cell-based inflammatory markers and neuroimaging including a positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-labelled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) and CT ( 18 F-FDG-PET/CT) and a MRI will explore potential inflammatory and neuroanatomical or functional mechanisms and biomarkers related to CRCI. The primary intent of analysis will be to assess the feasibility of collecting longitudinal data on cognition using subjective reports and objective tasks from patients during treatment and recovery for lymphoma. These data will inform the design of a larger-scale investigation into the patterns of cognitive change over the course of treatment and recovery, adding to an underexplored area of cancer survivorship research. Ethical approval has been granted by Austin Health Human Rights Ethics Committee (HREC) in Victoria Australia. Peer reviewed publications and conference presentations will report the findings of this novel study. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001649101).
Sample preference for colorectal cancer screening tests: Blood or stool?
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2012
Parent- and child-reported parenting. Associations with child weight-related outcomes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2011.08.014
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate associations of both parent-reported and child-perceived parenting styles and parent-reported parenting practices with child weight and weight-related behaviours. Participants were 175 children (56% female) aged between 7 and 11, and their primary caregivers (91% female), recruited through South Australian primary schools. Children completed measures of parenting style, attitude toward fruit, vegetables, and non-core food, and attraction to physical activity. Parents completed measures of parenting style and domain-specific parenting practices (feeding and activity-related practices) and reported on child dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Objective height and weight measurements were taken from children, from which body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Child-reported parenting style and parent-reported parenting practices were uniquely associated with child weight-related outcomes, but styles and practices did not interact in their association with child outcomes. Child-reported parenting style was associated with child food and activity attitudes, whereas parent-reported parenting style was not associated with child outcomes. The findings of the present study generally support the recommendation of a parenting style high in demandingness and responsiveness for supporting healthy child weight-related behaviours, along with appropriate domain-specific practices. The child's perspective should be incorporated into research involving child outcomes wherever possible.
Improving nutrition and physical activity in the workplace: a meta-analysis of intervention studies
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-07-2011
Abstract: A comprehensive search of the literature for studies examining physical activity or nutrition interventions in the workplace, published between 1999 and March 2009, was conducted. This search identified 29 relevant studies. Interventions were grouped according to the theoretical framework on which the interventions were based (e.g. education, cognitive-behavioural, motivation enhancement, social influence, exercise). Weighted Cohen's d effect sizes, percentage overlap statistics, confidence intervals and fail safe Ns were calculated. Most theoretical approaches were associated with small effects. However, large effects were found for some measures of interventions using motivation enhancement. Effect sizes were larger for studies focusing on one health behaviour and for randomized controlled trials. The workplace is a suitable environment for making modest changes in the physical activity, nutrition and health of employees. Further research is necessary to determine whether these changes can be maintained in the long term.
Adolescents’ Intake of Junk Food: Processes and Mechanisms Driving Consumption Similarities Among Friends
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JORA.12045
Examining social class as it relates to heuristics women use to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding the link between alcohol and breast cancer risk
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-09-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0270936
Abstract: High rates of alcohol consumption by midlife women, despite the documented risks associated with breast cancer, varies according to social class. However, we know little about how to develop equitable messaging regarding breast cancer prevention that takes into consideration class differences in the receipt and use of such information. To explore the heuristics used by women with different (inequitable) life chances to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding alcohol as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer risk. Interviews were conducted with 50 midlife (aged 45–64) women living in South Australia, ersified by self-reported alcohol consumption and social class. Women were asked to describe where they sought health information, how they accessed information specific to breast cancer risk as it relates to alcohol, and how they determined whether (or not) such information was trustworthy. De-identified transcripts were analysed following a three-step progressive method with the aim of identifying how women of varying life chances determine the trustworthiness of alcohol and breast cancer risk information. Three heuristics were used by women: (1) consideration of whose interests are being served (2) engagement with ‘common sense’ and (3) evaluating the credibility of the message and messenger. Embedded within each heuristic are notable class-based distinctions. More equitable provision of cancer prevention messaging might consider how social class shapes the reception and acceptance of risk information. Class should be considered in the development and tailoring of messages as the trustworthiness of organizations behind public health messaging cannot be assumed.
Changes in endothelial function and depression scores are associated following long-term dietary intervention: a secondary analysis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2013.03.023
Abstract: Cross-sectional studies show associations between depression and endothelial function (as measured by endothelium-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]) but it is not known whether changes in these parameters are associated following dietary management. We have previously reported that compared with consumption of a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet, despite comparable weight loss, a very low-carbohydrate (LC diet) impaired FMD and increased depression. The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis to examine whether there was an association between changes in FMD and depression. Forty-seven overweight men and women (body mass index 26-43 kg/m(2) and ages 24-64 y) completed a 12-mo randomized controlled trial during which participants consumed either an energy-restricted, isocaloric LC or HC diet. Weight, body composition, Homeostasis Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), Anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]) and FMD were assessed before and after the intervention. This secondary analysis focused on multiple regression analysis of these parameters. Changes in BDI were independently predicted by changes in FMD (β = -0.356 P = 0.026) but not by diet intervention assignment or changes in weight or HOMA. No variables were significant predictors of the change in STAI. Over time, impairments in FMD were independently associated with increased depression, independent of diet composition, or changes in weight and insulin resistance. This data supports a mechanistic association between depression and endothelial function, which may influence long-term health.
The relationship between skin tone dissatisfaction and sun tanning behaviour
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/AJPY.12039
Caring for someone with cancer in rural Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-06857-2
Abstract: To explore the experiences of people caring for someone with cancer, while living in rural Australia, and the impact of the cancer-caring role on their well-being. Eighteen adults in regional or remote (‘rural’) Australia who cared for a person with cancer took part in semi-structured telephone interviews. Participants were aged 32–77 years and mainly female (66%). Data were analysed using thematic analysis and an essentialist approach. Eight themes were identified: (1) travel is hard, but supports are available (2) frustration with systems that do not demonstrate understanding of the rural context (3) the importance of lay and peer support (4) the impact of access to trusted, local health care services (5) the importance of access to rurally relevant information (particularly on relevant services and what to expect) (6) living with uncertainty and balancing loss with hope (7) reluctance to seek or accept psychological support and (8) the gendered nature of care. Rural cancer carers’ roles can be made easier by improving health systems and coordination to ease the burden of travel, providing information about available support and what to expect throughout cancer treatment that is relevant to the rural context, and increasing access to quality health, community, and support services, including palliative care, in rural areas. More training on the specific needs of rural patients and their carers is needed for urban health care professionals. Peer support groups may have particular value for cancer carers in rural settings, where there are known to be multiple barriers to accessing professional sources of psychosocial support.
Barriers to and facilitators of colorectal cancer screening in different population subgroups in Adelaide, South Australia
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.5694/MJA11.10701
Abstract: To identify barriers to and facilitators of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation among different cultural subgroups in South Australia, and to describe how these might be shared or be distinct across these groups. Qualitative study using in idual interviews in Adelaide, South Australia, between July 2009 and December 2010. Participants were recruited from five culturally distinct groups in SA (Greek, Vietnamese, Iranian, Indigenous and Anglo-Australian) and included people who had participated in CRC screening and people who had not. Factors that may act as barriers to or enablers of CRC screening. We interviewed 121 people. Members of all groups expressed positive attitudes towards cancer screening. However, we also noted a lack of knowledge about bowel cancer and its screening tests across all groups, and that the tests were viewed as unpleasant. Issues that differed across groups included language barriers, fatalistic views about cancer, embarrassment, the importance of privacy, the significance of a doctor's recommendation, moral obligations, and culture-specific concerns. This study suggests that population-based screening programs may need to be modified to facilitate access and participation among minority populations and Indigenous people if equity in screening is to be achieved.
Objective and subjective cognitive impairment following chemotherapy for cancer: A systematic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CTRV.2012.05.002
Abstract: Evidence suggests that some cancer survivors experience cognitive difficulties following chemotherapy. However, perceived or subjective cognitive impairment is more frequently reported than prevalence revealed by objective assessments. The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between subjective and objective measures of cognitive impairment following treatment for cancer and to determine the number of studies that found a significant relationship between these measures of cognition. A comprehensive search for articles, published between 1980 and 2012, comparing subjective and objective cognition in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was conducted. Of 818 potentially relevant articles, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria for the current review and one article was sourced from reference lists of included studies. Only eight of 24 included studies found a significant relationship between objective and subjective measures of cognitive performance. These studies were more likely to involve breast cancer patients and to assess the relationship between memory and perceived cognitive impairment. The failure to consistently find an association between subjective and objective measures of cognition could be explained by variations in assessment methods or the definition of impairment. Alternatively, objective and perceived cognitive impairment may be unrelated because perceived impairment may be an indicator of psychological distress rather than cognitive impairment. Despite these discrepancies, patients' perceptions of impairment are important due to its significant impact on quality of life. Further research is required to explore whether objective measures of everyday functioning better predict the impact of chemotherapy related cognitive impairment on daily functioning.
Protocol for population testing of an Internet-based Personalised Decision Support system for colorectal cancer screening
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-09-2010
Psychological well-being response to high protein and high carbohydrate weight loss diets on in overweight and obese men: A randomised trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
The role of skin cancer knowledge in sun-related behaviours: A systematic review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-05-2013
Abstract: Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in many Western countries. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between skin cancer knowledge and sun-protective, exposure and tanning behaviours in the general population. A total of 34 studies, published in peer-reviewed journals over three decades, were reviewed and synthesised. Sun-protective behaviour was positively associated with skin cancer knowledge in most cases. Findings were inconsistent regarding other sun-related behaviours. Heterogeneity in measurement compromised the capacity to definitively link knowledge and sun-related behaviours. There is a need for development and utilisation of a standardised skin cancer knowledge scale, and guidelines are suggested.
The impact of computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and perceived usability and acceptability on the efficacy of a decision support tool for colorectal cancer screening
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2012
Skin tone dissatisfaction, sun exposure and sun protection in Australian adolescents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-014-9441-3
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the adoption of sun protection and sun exposure behaviors, the extent to which these behaviors group together, and the relationship between skin tone dissatisfaction and sun-related behaviors in South Australian adolescents (aged 12-17). A total of 2,875 secondary school students (1,461 male and 1,414 female) completed a questionnaire including questions about sun protection and sun exposure behaviors and skin tone dissatisfaction. Regular adoption of sun protection behaviors was low and ranged from 20% (wearing protective clothing) to 44% (sunscreen use). A principal components analysis identified four subgroups of sun-related behaviors: sun protection, appearance enhancement, sun avoidance, and sun exposure. Females had significantly higher skin tone dissatisfaction than males. Skin tone dissatisfaction was associated with decreased sun protection and avoidance and increased appearance enhancement and sun exposure in both males and females. Skin tone dissatisfaction plays an important role in Australian adolescents' sun-related behavior. Appearance-based interventions may be effective in reducing skin cancer risk through reduced sun exposure.
Sexual satisfaction and sexual distress after cancer: The role of body image disruption, self‐compassion, sexual pain and relationship satisfaction
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5755
Abstract: To identify variables that correlate with sexual satisfaction and sexual distress among adult cancer survivors, and how these differ, providing a basis from which approaches to intervention may be identified. This study examined four key variables: body image disruption, self‐compassion, relationship satisfaction and sexual pain, previously all linked to sexual quality of life. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted online, with participants ( n = 113) recruited via cancer charities, support groups and sexual counsellors' networks. A multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyse relationships among variables. In a regression adjusted for age, sex and time since diagnosis, higher sexual distress was significantly associated with higher body image disruption ( β = 0.23 p = 0.024), lower self‐compassion ( β = −0.29 p = 0.009) and higher sexual pain ( β = 0.39 p 0.001) but not relationship satisfaction ( β = −0.08 p = 0.434). Higher sexual satisfaction was significantly associated with higher relationship satisfaction ( β = 0.35 p = 0.002) and lower sexual pain ( β = −0.29 p = 0.005), but not body image disruption ( β = −0.19 p = 0.089), or self‐compassion ( β = 0.06 p = 0.614). Sexual pain had a significantly stronger association with sexual distress than sexual satisfaction F (1, 84) = 18.29, p 0.001. Sexual distress and sexual satisfaction are associated with different psycho‐social correlates even though both are used as indicators of sexual health. Research should seek to further understand the differences in these two critical markers of sexual health, with these differences likely to highlight the need to match interventions to the nature of the sexual difficulties experienced following cancer treatment.
Exercise and eating behaviour: the role of mindfulness
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2013
Mo1181 Are Colorectal Cancer Screening Participation Rates Better Than We Think? An Analysis of Screening Behaviour Inside and Outside of a Four Year Fecal Occult Blood-Based Screening Program
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Decision Support and the Effectiveness of Web-based Delivery and Information Tailoring for Bowel Cancer Screening: An Exploratory Study
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 26-09-2012
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.2135
Development and preliminary validation of the Toddler Snack Food Feeding Questionnaire
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2010.03.001
Abstract: This study describes the development of a measure of parental influences on toddlers' intake of snack foods, the Toddler Snack Food Feeding Questionnaire (TSFFQ), and presents evidence for the factor structure, test-retest reliability, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity of the instrument. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted in two s les (parents of toddlers stating current practices parents of preschoolers recalling past practices). EFA identified five meaningful and interpretable factors: Rules, Flexibility, Allow Access, Self-efficacy and Child's Attraction. Allow Access, Flexibility, and Child's Attraction were positively correlated with frequency of toddlers' snack food consumption. In the preschool s le only, not-overweight and overweight parents both had significantly lower scores than obese parents on Allow Access. No significant correlations were found between parents' recall of past feeding and BMI z-scores at preschool age. The TSFFQ strengthens our understanding of how parents control their children's intake of snack foods and could be used along with other measures of parental feeding control to investigate parental influences on children's eating behaviour, food preferences, energy balance and weight status.
How physical activity shapes, and is shaped by, adolescent friendships
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2011.06.023
Abstract: The current study explored the role of school-based friendship networks in adolescents' engagement in physical activity (PA). It was hypothesized that similar participation in PA would be a basis for friendship formation, and that friends would also influence behavior. Whether these processes were mediated through cognitive mechanisms was also explored. Self-reported participation in PA, cognitions about PA, and friendship ties to grade-mates were measured in two cohorts of Australian grade eight students (N = 378 M age = 13.7) three times over the 2008 school year. Interdependence between the friendship networks and PA was tested using stochastic actor-based models for social networks and behavior. The results showed that participants tended to befriend peers who did similar amounts of PA, and subsequently emulated their friends' behaviors. Friends' influence on PA was not found to be mediated through adolescents' cognitions about PA. These findings show that there is a mutually dependent relationship between adolescent friendship networks and PA they highlight how novel network-based strategies may be effective in supporting young people to be physically active.
Does Resilience Moderate the Relationship Between Stress and Smoking Status?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-01-2019
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1501066
Abstract: There is a growing evidence that resilience to stress can promote nonsmoking. However, few studies have undertaken quantitative research to investigate whether resilience, generated by internal and external factors, moderates the impact of stress on the likelihood of smoking. This study aims to help fill this knowledge gap in relation to smokers and ex-smokers, and those people who have never smoked. A large online cross-sectional survey was administered in Australia (2015-2016) to collect data on demographic variables, levels of internal and external resilience, and stress from current and past smokers (n = 400) and those who have never-smoked (n = 921). Logistic regressions were employed to test our hypotheses. Most participants were female (82%) and ranged between 18 and 77 years. Higher levels of reported perceived stress and stress-related variables did significantly predict smoking. The combined impact of internal and external resilience factors predicted never-smoking and lessened the relationship between perceived stress and stress-related variables, and the likelihood of smoking. These results are important because they suggest that the social environment should be developed to augment social support and internal properties such as developing "a strong sense of purpose in life" to encourage people not to commence smoking, rather than focus on smoking cessation.
Self-reported bowel screening rates in older Australians and the implications
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 02-09-2013
Adaptive capacity: A qualitative study of midlife Australian women's resilience during COVID-19
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Perceptions of the solarium ban in Australia: 'Fake it, don't bake it'
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2015
DOI: 10.1071/HE15002
The impact of a social media literacy intervention on positive attitudes to tanning: A pilot study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Mo1200 Demographic and Behavioural Predictors of Ongoing Adherence to Faecal Occult Blood Test Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Institutional (mis)trust in colorectal cancer screening: a qualitative study with Greek, Iranian, Anglo-Australian and Indigenous groups
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.12276
The Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge (SCSK) Scale
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-04-2014
Abstract: Increasing public knowledge remains one of the key aims of skin cancer awareness c aigns, yet diagnosis rates continue to rise. It is essential we measure skin cancer knowledge adequately so as to determine the nature of its relationship to sun-related behaviors. This study investigated the psychometric properties of a new measure of skin cancer knowledge, the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge (SCSK) scale. A total of 514 Western young adults (females n = 320, males n = 194) aged 18 to 26 years completed measures of skin type, skin cancer knowledge, tanning behavior, sun exposure, and sun protection. Two-week test–retest of the SCSK was conducted with 52 participants. Internal reliability of the SCSK scale was acceptable (KR-20 = .69), test–retest reliability was high ( r = .83, n = 52), and acceptable levels of face, content, and incremental validity were demonstrated. Skin cancer knowledge (as measured by SCSK) correlated with sun protection, sun exposure, and tanning behaviors in the female s le, but not in the males. Skin cancer knowledge appears to be more relevant to the behavior of young women than that of young males. We recommend that future research establish the validity of the SCSK across a range of participant groups.
Exploration of motivation to participate in a study of cancer-related cognitive impairment among patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma: a qualitative sub-study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-021-06527-9
Abstract: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a recognised adverse consequence of cancer and its treatment. This qualitative sub-study was undertaken as part of a larger prospective longitudinal study in which recruitment and retention were very high. The aim was to gain an understanding of participants reasons for ongoing participation, at a time of heightened stress related to a new diagnosis of aggressive lymphoma and the rapid commencement of treatment. This qualitative descriptive sub-study included semi-structured interviews with twenty-seven participants. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and a thematic descriptive approach was used to analyse the data. Twenty-seven interviews were completed. Four themes described participants’ motivation to consent and continue with the study. These included ease of participation, personal values, self-help and valued additional support. Participants understood the requirements of the study, and data collection occurring during hospital visits was perceived to be convenient. Interviewees confirmed that the study fulfilled desire to “help others”. Although testing was intense and challenging, it provided feedback on current functioning and was described by some as a “welcome distraction” and enjoyable. Finally, interaction with the study nurse was perceived as an additional beneficial oversight and support. Achieving sustained participation in a prospective study with patients undergoing treatment is facilitated where the logistical demands of data collection are minimised a clinician from the service is included the tasks are seen as inherently interesting and care is taken to provide empathic support throughout. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001649101
Preparing meals under time stress. The experience of working mothers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2010.10.003
Abstract: The present study quantitatively explored the effects of mothers' perceived time pressure, as well as meal-related variables including mothers' convenience orientation and meal preparation confidence, on the healthiness of evening meals served to school-aged children (5-18 years old) over a 7-day period. A s le of 120 employed mothers, who identified themselves as the chief meal-preparers in their households, completed a brief, self-report, meal-related questionnaire. Results revealed that mothers' perceived time pressure did not significantly predict meal healthiness. Mothers' confidence in their ability to prepare a healthy meal was the only unique, significant predictor of a healthy evening meal. Mothers who were more confident in their ability to prepare a healthy meal served healthier evening meals than those who were less confident. In addition, mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation were negatively related to healthy meal preparation confidence. Results suggest that mothers' perceived time pressure and convenience orientation, may indirectly compromise meal healthiness, by decreasing mothers' meal preparation confidence. Practical and theoretical implications of the study's findings are discussed.
The role of rehabilitation in patients undergoing oesophagectomy for cancer and pre-malignant disease: A qualitative exploration of the views of patients, carers and healthcare providers
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 23-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12996
Abstract: Oesophagectomy for cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and reduced quality of life. Structured rehabilitation potentially offers improved physical and psychological outcomes. We aimed to explore patient, carer and healthcare provider attitudes and preferences towards the role of rehabilitation. We interviewed 15 patients who had undergone an oesophagectomy, 10 carers and 13 healthcare providers about perceived impacts of treatment preferred components of a rehabilitation program barriers/enablers of support provision and participation in rehabilitation programs. Data were analysed using framework analysis. The overarching theme was "Getting back to normal." Diagnosis of disease signified a disruption to the normal trajectory of patients' lives and the post-treatment period was characterised as striving to return to normal. Patients and carers focused on rehabilitation needs post-treatment including dietary support, physiotherapy and healthcare provider support. Healthcare providers described rehabilitation as potentially beneficial from the pre-treatment phase and, along with carers, highlighted the importance of psychological support. Barriers included access to services, cost of service provision and appointment burden. A need for rehabilitation services was identified by healthcare providers from the point of diagnosis, rather than only after surgery. Implications include improved service provision by healthcare institutions for patients undergoing oesophagectomy.
Patterns of participation over four rounds of annual fecal immunochemical test-based screening for colorectal cancer: what predicts rescreening?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2017
Correction to: Exploration of motivation to participate in a study of cancer-related cognitive impairment among patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma: a qualitative sub-study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2021
Developments in Educational Psychology
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 13-05-2013
Correlates of post‐traumatic growth following childhood and adolescent cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-11-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4577
Abstract: A growing number of children and adolescents are experiencing and surviving cancer. This review aims to identify the demographic, medical, and psychosocial correlates of perceived post-traumatic growth in in iduals of any age who were affected by paediatric cancer. Findings will highlight protective factors that may facilitate post-traumatic growth, allowing for directed social support, intervention, and follow-up care. A systematic search based on the key concepts "post-traumatic growth," "neoplasms," and "paediatric" retrieved 905 records from online databases: Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PILOTS: Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were appraised as excellent quality with a high level of interrater reliability. The results of 18 studies were synthesised. After the removal of outliers, post-traumatic growth shared small, negative associations with time since diagnosis (r = -0.14) and time since treatment completion (r = -0.19), and small, positive associations with age at diagnosis (r = 0.20), age at survey (r = 0.17), post-traumatic stress symptoms (r = 0.11), and social support (r = 0.25). Post-traumatic growth was positively and moderately associated with optimism (r = 0.31). Several findings were consistent with a comparable meta-analysis in adult oncology populations. Targeted social support, clinical intervention, and education may facilitate post-traumatic growth. Longitudinal research in in iduals affected by childhood and adolescent cancer would allow an examination of the effects of predictive variables on post-traumatic growth over time.
Roles of Illness Attributions and Cultural Views of Cancer in Determining Participation in Cancer-Smart Lifestyle among Chinese and Western Youth in Australia
Publisher: Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
Date: 30-05-2013
DOI: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.5.3293
Abstract: The study investigated the influence of culturally-based health beliefs on engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviour. Specifically, the study compared levels of engagement between Western and Chinese youth in Australia and assessed the extent to which culture-specific attributions about the causes of illness, and health beliefs, predict engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviour. Ninety-four Western and 95 Chinese (N=189 Mean Age=20.8 years, SD=3 years) young adults completed an online questionnaire. Predictor variables were cultural health beliefs measured by the Chinese Cultural Views on Health and Illness scale (CCVH, Liang et al., 2008), and illness attributions beliefs measured by the Cause of Illness Questionnaire (CIQ, Armstrong and Swartzman, 1999). Outcomes variables were levels of engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviour. Results indicated that Chinese participants have a significantly lower exercising rate and healthy dietary habits compared to the Western s le. Moreover, Chinese participants were found to believe more strongly than Westerners that cancer was associated with factors measured by the Traditional-Chinese-Model (TCM). Finally, the observed relationship between cultural health beliefs and physical inactivity was mediated by attributions of illness, in particular to the supernatural subscale, with the Sobel Test showing a significant mediation (z=-2.63, p=0.004). Mainstream approaches to encourage healthy lifestyles are unlikely to be effective when educating Chinese youth. Instead, health promotion programs should attempt to address the illness attribution beliefs and educate Chinese youth about the role of diet and exercise in prevention of diseases such as cancer.
Turning intention into behaviour: the effect of providing cues to action on participation rates for colorectal cancer screeningt
Publisher: InTech
Date: 17-02-2012
DOI: 10.5772/27620
Best practice in the implementation of telehealth-based supportive cancer care: Using research evidence and discipline-based guidance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
A randomised controlled trial of personalised decision support delivered via the internet for bowel cancer screening with a faecal occult blood test: the effects of tailoring of messages according to
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-04-2015
Ambivalence and its influence on participation in screening for colorectal cancer
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-08-2013
Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and an ideal target for early detection and prevention through cancer screening. Unfortunately, rates of participation in screening are less than adequate. In this article we explore why people who were offered a fecal immunochemical test for CRC decided to participate or not, and for those who did participate, what influenced them to take action and complete the test. We conducted four focus groups and 30 telephone interviews with 63 people. The main reason people decided to screen was “wanting to know” their CRC status, which operated on a continuum ranging from wanting to know, through varying degrees of ambivalence, to not wanting to know. The majority of participants expressed ambivalence about CRC screening, and the main cue to action was the opportunity to screen without being too inconvenienced.
Alcohol consumption and NHMRC guidelines: has the message got out, are people conforming and are they aware that alcohol causes cancer?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Abstract: To examine self-reported alcohol consumption and relationships between consumption, awareness of the 2009 NHMRC guidelines of no more than two standard drinks per day, drinking in excess of the guideline threshold and perceptions of alcohol as a risk factor for cancer. Questions were included in annual, cross-sectional surveys of approximately 2,700 South Australians aged 18 years and over from 2004 to 2012. Consumption data for 2011 and 2012 were merged for the majority of analyses. In 2011 and 2012, 21.6% of adults drank in excess of the guideline threshold (33.0% males 10.7% females). While 53.5% correctly identified the NHMRC consumption threshold for women, only 20.3% did so for men (39.0% nominated a higher amount). A large minority said they did not know the consumption threshold for women (39.2%) or men (40.4%). In 2012, only 36.6% saw alcohol as an important risk factor for cancer. Important predictors of excess consumption for men were: higher household income and not perceiving alcohol as an important risk factor for cancer. Predictors for women were similar but the role of household income was even more prominent. Men were nearly three times as likely to drink in excess of the guidelines as women. The majority of the population did not see an important link between alcohol and cancer. Awareness of the latest NHMRC guidelines consumption threshold is still low, particularly for men. A strategy to raise awareness of the NHMRC guidelines and the link between alcohol and cancer is warranted.
The relationship between exposure to alcohol-related content on facebook and predictors of alcohol consumption among female emerging adults
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2014
Abstract: Consuming an unhealthy level of alcohol is a significant problem for some young women. Potential determinants of excess consumption include perceptions of usual consumption among peers-perceptions of what is "normal." The present study examined whether perceptions of social normative endorsement of drinking, operationalized by measures of perceived alcohol consumption of close friends (proximal norms), the consumption of the "average student" (distal norms), and the extent of alcohol-related content posted by peers on Facebook were related to alcohol-related attitudes and self-reported consumption. Female university students (n=129 Mage=21.48 years, SD=3.00) completed an online questionnaire assessing Facebook use, perceived alcohol-related norms, and self-reported alcohol attitudes and consumption. Perceptions of the consumption of the average female student were a negative predictor of attitudes. Positive alcohol attitudes, extent of own alcohol-related photographic posts on Facebook, average female student alcohol consumption, and report of male close friend consumption predicted self-report of own alcohol consumption. Interestingly, female close friend norms failed to predict consumption, whereas male close friend norms predicted consumption but not attitudes, suggesting the possibility of separate cognitive pathways for alcohol-related attitudes and behavior. This study builds on existing research by casting new light on predictors of alcohol-related attitudes, as well as describing the potential role of social networking sites such as Facebook in the formation of social norms and the modulation of drinking behavior.
Locus of control, optimism, and recollections of depression and self‐reported cognitive functioning following treatment for colorectal cancer
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-11-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4567
Abstract: To investigate the effects of disposition (locus of control, optimism, and depression) on recollections of cognitive functioning following cancer treatment. Participants were survivors of colorectal cancer (n = 88) and their spouses (n = 40). Survivors retrospectively rated their cognitive functioning and depression, as experienced following treatment and currently rated their dispositions for optimism and locus of control. Survivors' spouses likewise provided their recollections of survivors' cognitive functioning and depression at time following treatment. Correlations between survivors' and spouses' ratings for cognitive functioning were statistically significant but not for depression. Results supported validity of survivors' longer term retrospective reports. Although internal locus of control correlated positively with retrospectively self-reported cognitive functioning, and negatively with retrospectively self-reported depression, moderated hierarchical multiple regression found independent contribution of internal locus of control was limited to predicting quality of life and that, among variables tested, depression correlated strongest with cognitive functioning. Neither internal locus of control nor optimism in colorectal cancer survivors influences correlation between cognition and depression. Health care providers should note in idual differences in responses to treatment and be alert to the impact of depression on perceived everyday functioning.
Psychosocial factors that influence men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms: A systematic synthesis of mixed methods research
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2015
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3912
Abstract: Effectiveness of cancer control partly depends upon early identification and treatment. Men appear to be more likely to delay help-seeking for symptoms, resulting in later diagnosis. This review aims to provide a mixed research synthesis of the psychosocial barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking for cancer symptoms among men. Systematic methods were followed, including a predefined research question and search strategy. Searches retrieved 7131 international records from online databases: MEDLINE (n = 3011), PubMed (n = 471), SCOPUS (n = 896), Informit (n = 131), PsychINFO (n = 347), and Web of Science (n = 2275). Forty studies were eligible for inclusion in the review (25 qualitative studies, 11 quantitative studies, and 4 mixed-method studies). There was strong observational evidence for several psychosocial barriers to men's help-seeking behaviour: low cancer knowledge and inaccurate symptom interpretation, embarrassment and fear, and conformity to masculine gender role norms. The strongest facilitating factor associated with men's help-seeking behaviour was encouragement and support of spouses and family members. The majority of research was qualitative and used small s les, making generalisations to the wider population difficult. Men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms is influenced by several psychosocial factors, which, in part, may be gender-specific. Health promotion initiatives to improve help-seeking behaviour among men should aim to increase cancer knowledge, reduce embarrassment and fear, address social norms deterring timely help-seeking, and acknowledge informal help-seeking with spouses and family members. Increasing the theoretical grounding of research could aid cohesion across the research area and the design of effective health promotion interventions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Victoria (Australia) radiotherapy response to working through the first and second wave of COVID‐19: Strategies and staffing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2021
Abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic demanded a rapid response within Radiation Oncology services to minimise the risk of infection to patients and workforce. This study aimed to assess whether the operational changes put in place to reduce infection risks were effective in engaging and supporting staff. Our service’s response saw staff and patients split into morning or afternoon shifts without overlap. Changes included extended clinic hours, modified treatment regimens, expanded online/electronic communication and remote working. Staff were invited to respond to an electronic questionnaire in September 2020, just after the peak of the second COVID‐19 wave in Victoria. Responses captured demographic data, parental status, profession, happiness levels, fear of COVID‐19 and e‐communication efficacy. A 57% response rate was achieved. 69% of respondents were female 40% were aged 45+ and 35% had school‐aged children. Staff aged 45+ showed a significantly greater fear of COVID‐19 than younger staff. 36% of respondents reported feeling nervous or anxious watching news reports about COVID‐19. 92% of staff were happy with their work arrangements staff with children were happier than staff without children with their shifts. Online chat/channels were reported as the preferred e‐communication method between colleagues. Staff provided predominantly positive feedback to the changes made in response to the pandemic, reporting high levels of happiness and willingness to continue with the changes implemented during COVID‐19. The strategies adopted worked well and the overall high levels of staff satisfaction will allow our service to quickly pivot should further surges, or another pandemic, arise.
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