ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2051-5998
Current Organisations
University of Adelaide
,
Flinders University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Physical Organic Chemistry | Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy | Organic Chemistry | Characterisation of Biological Macromolecules | Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry | Organic Green Chemistry | Colloid and Surface Chemistry | Biologically Active Molecules
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Medical and Health Sciences |
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1111/IMJ.15106
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-02-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/IMJ.13940
Abstract: Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome is rarely described in immunocompetent in iduals. We present a case of fatal Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome, and a literature review identifying nine other cases occurring in immunocompetent in iduals, highlighting the challenges of diagnosis and treatment in this setting. While overall mortality is lower compared to immunocompromised patients, fatal outcomes still occur. A high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JVH.13705
Abstract: Virological failure occurs in a small proportion of people treated for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. This study assessed retreatment for virological failure in a large real‐world cohort. REACH‐C is an Australian observational study ( n = 10,843) evaluating treatment outcomes of sequential DAA initiations across 33 health services between March 2016 to June 2019. Virological failure retreatment data were collected until October 2020. Of 408 people with virological failure (81% male median age 53 38% cirrhosis 56% genotype 3), 213 (54%) were retreated once 15 were retreated twice. A range of genotype specific and pangenotypic DAAs were used to retreat virological failure in primary ( n = 56) and tertiary ( n = 157) settings. Following sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir availability in 2019, the proportion retreated in primary care increased from 21% to 40% and median time to retreatment initiation declined from 294 to 152 days. Per protocol (PP) sustained virological response (SVR12) was similar for people retreated in primary and tertiary settings (80% vs 81% p = 1.000). In regression analysis, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (vs. other regimens) significantly decreased likelihood of second virological failure (PP SVR12 88% vs. 77% adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.29 95%CI 0.11–0.81) cirrhosis increased likelihood (PP SVR12 69% vs. 91% AOR 4.26 95%CI 1.64–11.09). Indigenous Australians had lower likelihood of retreatment initiation (AOR 0.36 95%CI 0.15–0.81). Treatment setting and prescriber type were not associated with retreatment initiation or outcome. Virological failure can be effectively retreated in primary care. Expanded access to simplified retreatment regimens through decentralized models may increase retreatment uptake and reduce HCV‐related mortality.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-02-2018
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.7B12874
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41413-022-00227-8
Abstract: Approximately 40% of treatments of chronic and recurrent osteomyelitis fail in part due to bacterial persistence. Staphylococcus aureus , the predominant pathogen in human osteomyelitis, is known to persist by phenotypic adaptation as small-colony variants (SCVs) and by formation of intracellular reservoirs, including those in major bone cell types, reducing susceptibility to antibiotics. Intracellular infections with S. aureus are difficult to treat however, there are no evidence-based clinical guidelines addressing these infections in osteomyelitis. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the demonstrated efficacy of all antibiotics against intracellular S. aureus relevant to osteomyelitis, including protein biosynthesis inhibitors (lincosamides, streptogramins, macrolides, oxazolidines, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, and aminoglycosides), enzyme inhibitors (fluoroquinolones and ansamycines), and cell wall inhibitors (beta-lactam inhibitors, glycopeptides, fosfomycin, and lipopeptides). The PubMed and Embase databases were screened for articles related to intracellular S. aureus infections that compared the effectiveness of multiple antibiotics or a single antibiotic together with another treatment, which resulted in 34 full-text articles fitting the inclusion criteria. The combined findings of these studies were largely inconclusive, most likely due to the plethora of methodologies utilized. Therefore, the reported findings in the context of the models employed and possible solutions for improved understanding are explored here. While rif icin, oritavancin, linezolid, moxifloxacin and oxacillin were identified as the most effective potential intracellular treatments, the scientific evidence for these is still relatively weak. We advocate for more standardized research on determining the intracellular effectiveness of antibiotics in S. aureus osteomyelitis to improve treatments and patient outcomes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JVH.13803
Abstract: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experience a disproportionate burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study assessed the effectiveness of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy among Aboriginal peoples in the three years following universal access in Australia. REACH‐C, a national multicentre prospective cohort study, evaluated HCV treatment outcomes from sequential DAA initiations across 33 health services between March 2016 and June 2019. DAA effectiveness was assessed by sustained virological response (SVR) in the total (full analysis set) and effectiveness (modified analysis set excluding those lost to follow‐up) populations. Overall, 915 (10%) Aboriginal and 8095 (90%) non‐Indigenous people commenced DAA therapy, of whom 30% and 16% reported current injecting drug use and 73% and 42% were treated in primary care, respectively. SVR in the total and effectiveness populations was 74% and 94% among Aboriginal people and 82% and 94% among non‐Indigenous people, with loss to follow‐up contributing to lower SVR in the total population analysis (22% Aboriginal, 13% non‐Indigenous). Among Aboriginal people, returning for follow‐up was positively associated with older age (aOR 1.20 95% CI 1.04, 1.39) and SVR was negatively associated with cirrhosis (aOR 0.39 95% CI 0.19, 0.80) and prior DAA treatment (aOR 0.14 95% CI 0.04, 0.49). Factors reflecting higher vulnerability or inequity were not associated with returning for testing or SVR. DAA therapy was highly effective among Aboriginal peoples with HCV treated through primary and tertiary services. Tailored community‐led interventions are necessary to optimize follow‐up and engagement. Sustained DAA uptake and equitable access to care, treatment and prevention are required for HCV elimination.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2CP01903E
Abstract: Detailed kinetic modelling of mercury uptake for a sulfur-limonene copolymer was undertaken. The effect of pH and salt concentration on mercury sorption, as well as selectivity, was assessed for the first time for this mercury-binding polymer.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-05-2023
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.3C03239
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1PY01416A
Abstract: A copolymer made from sulfur and dicyclopentadiene was useful as a mercury sorbent, and also as a protective and repairable coating.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0SC00855A
Abstract: Polymers made by inverse vulcanization can be assembled, repaired, and recycled at room temperature through nucleophile-catalyzed S–S metathesis.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 31-12-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-04-2018
DOI: 10.1002/PEP2.24069
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-11-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HEP4.1826
Abstract: Australia was one of the first countries with unrestricted access to government subsidized direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis C virus. This study assessed real‐world DAA treatment outcomes across a erse range of Australian clinical services and evaluated factors associated with successful treatment and loss to follow‐up. Real‐world Effectiveness of Antiviral therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C (REACH‐C) consisted a national observational cohort of 96 clinical services including specialist clinics and less traditional settings such as general practice. Data were obtained on consecutive in iduals who commenced DAAs from March 2016 to June 2019. Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virological response ≥12 weeks following treatment (SVR) using intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses. Within REACH‐C, 10,843 in iduals initiated DAAs (male 69% ≥50 years 52% cirrhosis 22%). SVR data were available in 85% (9,174 of 10,843). SVR was 81% (8,750 of 10,843) by ITT and 95% (8,750 of 9,174) by PP. High SVR (≥92%) was observed across all service types and participant characteristics. Male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43‐0.72), cirrhosis (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41‐0.64), recent injecting drug use (IDU aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46‐0.91) and previous DAA treatment (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28‐0.90) decreased the likelihood of achieving SVR. Multiple factors modified the likelihood of loss to follow‐up including IDU ± opioid agonist therapy (OAT IDU only: aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44‐2.11 IDU + OAT: aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11‐1.74 OAT only, aOR 1.36 95% CI 1.13‐1.68) and age (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97‐0.98). Conclusion: Treatment response was high in a erse population and through a broad range of services following universal access to DAA therapy. Loss to follow‐up presents a real‐world challenge. Younger people who inject drugs were more likely to disengage from care, requiring innovative strategies to retain them in follow‐up.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00032-15
Abstract: Halicephalobus gingivalis (previously Micronema deletrix ) is a free-living nematode known to cause opportunistic infections, mainly in horses. Human infections are very rare, but all cases described to date involved fatal meningoencephalitis. Here we report the first case of H. gingivalis infection in an Australian human patient, confirmed by nematode morphology and sequencing of ribosomal DNA. The implications of this case are discussed, particularly, the need to evaluate real-time PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ANS.18283
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.1093/OFID/OFAA068
Abstract: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. Most observational studies of PJI are retrospective or single-center, and reported management approaches and outcomes vary widely. We hypothesized that there would be substantial heterogeneity in PJI management and that most PJIs would present as late acute infections occurring as a consequence of bloodstream infections. The Prosthetic joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand, Observational (PIANO) study is a prospective study at 27 hospitals. From July 2014 through December 2017, we enrolled all adults with a newly diagnosed PJI of a large joint. We collected data on demographics, microbiology, and surgical and antibiotic management over the first 3 months postpresentation. We enrolled 783 patients (427 knee, 323 hip, 25 shoulder, 6 elbow, and 2 ankle). The mode of presentation was late acute (& days postimplantation and & days of symptoms 351, 45%), followed by early (≤30 days postimplantation 196, 25%) and chronic (& days postimplantation with ≥30 days of symptoms 148, 19%). Debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and implant retention constituted the commonest initial management approach (565, 72%), but debridement was moderate or less in 142 (25%) and the polyethylene liner was not exchanged in 104 (23%). In contrast to most studies, late acute infection was the most common mode of presentation, likely reflecting hematogenous seeding. Management was heterogeneous, reflecting the poor evidence base and the need for randomized controlled trials.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1CC01555A
Abstract: A polymer made from sulfur and canola oil can be used as an oil spill sorbent and then repurposed into a sulfur-rich graphitic carbon for mercury removal from water.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC00785E
Abstract: TEMPO-functionalized surfactants are developed for the electrocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in water with up to 93% total conversion.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2PY00903J
Abstract: A magnetic responsive composite was made from a sulfur-rich polymer and iron nanoparticles. Diverse applications in mercury remediation, microwave curing, and magnetic responsive actuators were demonstrated.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-12-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JAC/DKW525
Abstract: Inappropriate antimicrobial use drives antimicrobial resistance and is a global public health problem. This study examined whether withholding antimicrobial susceptibilities in combination with interpretive comments on microbiological reports influenced the decision to inappropriately prescribe antibiotics in a controlled survey. Seventy junior doctors attending educational sessions were given one of two surveys describing four clinical case vignettes (scenarios) in which antimicrobial treatment was not indicated. They were asked to select their preferred treatment from multiple choices. In the scenarios labelled 'A', the laboratory report did not report antibiotic susceptibilities, but included comments from the microbiologist. In the scenarios labelled 'B', the laboratory report included full organism identification and susceptibility results without additional comments. For scenarios 1, 2 and 3 there was a significantly higher probability ( P < 0.01) that the doctor selected an answer involving antibiotic treatment if he/she received the 'B' version of the scenario where reports included antimicrobial susceptibilities, but no interpretive comments. This was significant in both interns and more senior doctors. In scenario 4, of which there were two versions, there was no difference seen in the answers between the groups given scenario A or B. The results of this survey suggest that withholding antimicrobial susceptibility results in combination with interpretive comments on microbiology reports significantly influences the decision of junior doctors to prescribe antibiotics in low-acuity outpatient setting scenarios (represented in scenarios 1-3), but not in inpatient scenarios (represented in scenario 4).
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JVH.12943
Abstract: In March 2016, the Australian government offered unrestricted access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) to the entire population. This included prescription by any medical practitioner in consultation with specialists until sufficient experience was attained. We sought to determine the outcomes and experience over the first twelve months for the entire state of South Australia. We performed a prospective, observational study following outcomes of all treatments associated with the state's four main tertiary centres. A total of 1909 subjects initiating DAA therapy were included, representing an estimated 90% of all treatments in the state. Overall, SVR12 was 80.4% in all subjects intended for treatment and 95.7% in those completing treatment and follow-up. 14.2% were lost to follow-up (LTFU) and did not complete SVR12 testing. LTFU was independently associated with community treatment via remote consultation (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04-2.18, P = .03), prison-based treatment (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.08-3.79, P = .03) and younger age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99, P = .05). Of the 1534 subjects completing treatment and follow-up, decreased likelihood of SVR12 was associated with genotype 2 (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07-0.74, P = .01) and genotype 3 (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.12-0.43, P ≤ .01). A significant decrease in treatment initiation was observed over the twelve-month period in conjunction with a shift from hospital to community-based treatment. Our findings support the high responses observed in clinical trials however, a significant gap exists in SVR12 in our real-world cohort due to LTFU. A declining treatment initiation rate and shift to community-based treatment highlight the need to explore additional strategies to identify, treat and follow-up remaining patients in order to achieve elimination targets.
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.5694/MJA13.10025
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJANTIMICAG.2022.106598
Abstract: Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. Determining the optimal duration of intravenous (IV) antibiotics for PJI managed with debridement and implant retention (DAIR) is a research priority. Patients undergoing DAIR for early and late-acute PJI of the hip or knee were randomised to receive 2 (short-course) or 6 (standard-course) weeks of IV antibiotics, with both groups completing 12 weeks of antibiotics in total. The primary endpoint of this pilot, open-label, randomised trial was a 7-point ordinal desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) score, which accounted for mortality, clinical cure and treatment adverse events at 12 months. Duration of IV treatment was used as a tiebreaker, with shorter courses ranked higher. Outcome adjudication was performed by expert clinicians blinded to the allocated intervention (Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000127303). 60 patients were recruited 31 and 29 were allocated to short- and standard-course treatment, respectively. All had an evaluable outcome at 12 months and were analysed by intention-to-treat. Clinical cure was demonstrated in 44 (73%) overall 22 (71%) in the short-course group and 22 (76%) in the standard-care group (P=0.77). Using the DOOR approach, the probability that short- was better than standard-course treatment was 59.7% (95% confidence interval 45.1-74.3). In selected patients with early and late-acute PJI managed with DAIR, shorter courses of IV antibiotics may be appropriate. Due to small s le size, these data accord with, but do not confirm, results from other international trials of early transition to oral antibiotics.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-12-2021
DOI: 10.3390/JCM11010122
Abstract: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty. Staged revision surgery is considered effective in eradicating PJI. We aimed to determine the rate of infection resolution after each stage of staged revision surgery (first stage, repeat first stage, second stage, excision arthroplasty, and reimplantation) and to assess functional outcomes and the mortality rate at ten years in a consecutive series of 30 chronic PJI of total hip arthroplasties. Infection resolution was defined as no clinical nor laboratory evidence of infection at 24 months after the last surgery and after a minimum of 12 months following cessation of antimicrobial treatment. Four patients died within 24 months of their final surgery. Nineteen patients, 73% (worst-case analysis (wca) 63%), were infection free after 1 surgery 22 patients, 85% (wca 73%), were infection free after 2 surgeries and 26 patients, 100% (wca 87%), were infection free after three and four surgeries. The median Harris Hip Score was 41 prior to first revision surgery and improved to 74 at twelve months and 76 at ten years after the final surgery. Thirteen patients died at a mean of 64 months from first revision, giving a mortality rate of 43% at ten years, which is approximately 25% higher than that of an age-matched general population. The results show that with repeated aggressive surgical treatment, most PJIs of the hip are curable. Ten years after successful treatment of PJI, functional outcomes and pain are improved and maintained compared to before initial surgery, but this must be balanced against the high 10-year mortality. Level of evidence: cohort studies.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: European Cells and Materials
Date: 08-10-2021
DOI: 10.22203/ECM.V042A19
Abstract: Osteomyelitis associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) signals a chronic infection and the need for revision surgery. An osteomyelitic bone exhibits distinct morphological features, including evidence for osteolysis and an accelerated bone remodelling into poorly organised, poor-quality bone. In addition to immune cells, various bone cell-types have been implicated in the pathology. The present study sought to determine the types of bone-cell activities in human PJI bones. Acetabular biopsies from peri-implant bone from patients undergoing revision total hip replacement (THR) for chronic PJI (with several identified pathogens) as well as control bone from the same patients and from patients undergoing primary THR were analysed. Histological analysis confirmed that PJI bone presented increased osteoclastic activity compared to control bone. Analysis of osteocyte parameters showed no differences in osteocyte lacunar area between the acetabular bone taken from PJI patients or primary THR controls. Analysis of bone matrix composition using Masson’s trichrome staining and second-harmonic generation microscopy revealed widespread lack of mature collagen, commonly surrounding osteocytes, in PJI bone. Increased expression of known collagenases, such as matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 13, MMP1 and cathepsin K (CTSK), was measured in infected bone compared to non-infected bone. Human bone and cultured osteocyte-like cells experimentally exposed to Staphylococcus aureus exhibited strongly upregulated expression of MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13 compared to non-exposed controls. In conclusion, the study identified previously unrecognised bone-matrix changes in PJI caused by multiple organisms deriving from osteocytes. Histological examination of bone collagen composition may provide a useful adjunct diagnostic measure of PJI.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2021
End Date: End date not available
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2021
Funder: Department of Health
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2023
End Date: End date not available
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2019
End Date: 12-2020
Amount: $380,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2021
End Date: 07-2023
Amount: $1,240,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity