ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8064-5903
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Environmental Science and Management | Ecological Applications | Climatology (Incl. Palaeoclimatology) | Geochronology | Ecological Impacts of Climate Change | Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism | Archaeology | Geophysics | Biochemistry And Cell Biology Not Elsewhere Classified | Geology | Atmospheric Sciences | Global Change Biology | Oceanography | Earth Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Archaeology Of Hunter-Gatherer Societies (Incl. Pleistocene | Geochronology And Isotope Geochemistry | Natural Resource Management | Sedimentology | Chemical Oceanography | Archaeological Science | Marine Geoscience | Chemical Oceanography | Isotope Geochemistry | Plant Physiology | Ecosystem Function | Conservation and Biodiversity | Environmental Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Climate variability | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Climate Variability (excl. Social Impacts) | Climate change | Oceanic processes (excl. climate related) | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Land and water management | Understanding Australia's Past | Physical and chemical conditions | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Marine Environments | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales | Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity
Related Links
Publications
Time-resolved record of 236U and 239,240Pu isotopes from a coral growing during the nuclear testing program at Enewetak Atoll (Marshall Islands)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2016.09.015
Abstract: A comprehensive series of nuclear tests were carried out by the United States at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands, especially between 1952 and 1958. A Porites Lutea coral that was growing in the Enewetak lagoon within a few km of all of the high-yield tests contains a continuous record of isotopes, which are of interest (e.g.
Hydrotalcites and hydrated Mg-carbonates as carbon sinks in serpentinite mineral wastes from the Woodsreef chrysotile mine, New South Wales, Australia: Controls on carbonate mineralogy and efficiency of CO2 air capture in mine tailings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Stratigraphy, age and correlation of two widespread Late Holocene tephras preserved within Lake Kutubu, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2017
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.2959
Coral Record of Younger Dryas Chronozone Warmth on the Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1029/2020PA003962
A “core-top” screen for trace element proxies of environmental conditions and growth rates in the calcite skeletons of bamboo corals (Isididae)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
A record of mining and industrial activities in New Caledonia based on trace elements in rhodolith-forming coralline red algae
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Reproducibility of trace element profiles in a specimen of the deep-water bamboo coral Keratoisis sp.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
North Atlantic versus Southern Ocean contributions to a deglacial surge in deep ocean ventilation
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1130/G34133.1
Redefining the inert organic carbon pool
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Response of the Great Barrier Reef to sea-level and environmental changes over the past 30,000 years
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2018
Prebomb to Postbomb 14C History From the West Side of Palawan Island: Insights Into Oceanographic Changes in the South China Sea
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1029/2019JC015979
Abstract: Compared to the natural production of 14 C, thermonuclear tests have produced a globally abnormal 14 C signal. To examine and reconstruct ocean circulation in the South China Sea (SCS), we generated a prebomb to postbomb 14 C time series from a Porites lobata coral from the west side of Palawan Island, Philippines. Results show a diluted early bomb 14 C intrusion in late 1955. We use this record to extend our understanding of the surface ocean circulation in and around the SCS by tracing 14 C labeled water from nuclear test sites. Our postbomb Δ 14 C peaked at 154‰ in 1975, which lags ~10 years from the atmospheric peak, consistent with other marine records. This coral record also displayed clear seasonal Δ 14 C cycles indicating different surface waters passed the Palawan Island coral site due to seasonal variations of the East Asian Monsoon.
Who's been using my burial mound? Radiocarbon dating and isotopic tracing of human diet and mobility at the collective burial site, Le Tumulus des Sables, southwest France
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Modern Tasman Sea surface reservoir ages from deep-sea black corals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Nuclear weapons produced 236U, 239Pu and 240Pu archived in a Porites Lutea coral from Enewetak Atoll
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVRAD.2017.05.009
Abstract: A slice from a Porites Lutea coral core collected inside the Enewetak Atoll lagoon, within 15 km of all major nuclear tests conducted at the atoll, was analysed for
Age structure of the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri)
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-01-2019
Ageing Deep-Sea Black Coral Bathypathes patula
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-06-2020
Extreme longevity in proteinaceous deep-sea corals
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 31-03-2009
Abstract: Deep-sea corals are found on hard substrates on seamounts and continental margins worldwide at depths of 300 to ≈3,000 m. Deep-sea coral communities are hotspots of deep ocean biomass and bio ersity, providing critical habitat for fish and invertebrates. Newly applied radiocarbon age dates from the deep water proteinaceous corals Gerardia sp. and Leiopathes sp. show that radial growth rates are as low as 4 to 35 μm year −1 and that in idual colony longevities are on the order of thousands of years. The longest-lived Gerardia sp. and Leiopathes sp. specimens were 2,742 years and 4,265 years, respectively. The management and conservation of deep-sea coral communities is challenged by their commercial harvest for the jewelry trade and damage caused by deep-water fishing practices. In light of their unusual longevity, a better understanding of deep-sea coral ecology and their interrelationships with associated benthic communities is needed to inform coherent international conservation strategies for these important deep-sea habitat-forming species.
Subarctic weathering of mineral wastes provides a sink for atmospheric CO 2
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-08-2011
DOI: 10.1021/ES202112Y
Abstract: The mineral waste from some mines has the capacity to trap and store CO(2) within secondary carbonate minerals via the process of silicate weathering. Nesquehonite [MgCO(3)·3H(2)O] forms by weathering of Mg-silicate minerals in kimberlitic mine tailings at the Diavik Diamond Mine, Northwest Territories, Canada. Less abundant Na- and Ca-carbonate minerals precipitate from sewage treatment effluent deposited in the tailings storage facility. Radiocarbon and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes are used to assess the ability of mine tailings to trap and store modern CO(2) within these minerals in the arid, subarctic climate at Diavik. Stable isotopic data cannot always uniquely identify the source of carbon stored within minerals in this setting however, radiocarbon isotopic data provide a reliable quantitative estimate for sequestration of modern carbon. At least 89% of the carbon trapped within secondary carbonate minerals at Diavik is derived from a modern source, either by direct uptake of atmospheric CO(2) or indirect uptake though the biosphere. Silicate weathering at Diavik is trapping 102-114 g C/m(2)/y within nesquehonite, which corresponds to a 2 orders of magnitude increase over the background rate of CO(2) uptake predicted from arctic and subarctic river catchment data.
Chemical imaging with NanoSIMS: A window into deep-Earth geochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Calibrated relative sea levels constrain isostatic adjustment and ice history in northwest Greenland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Fish otolith geochemistry, environmental conditions and human occupation at Lake Mungo, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Erratum: EVALUATING the RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR EFFECT in LAKE KUTUBU, Papua New Guinea (Radiocarbon (2018) 61:1 (287-308) DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2018.49)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2020.103
Evaluation of meteorites as habitats for terrestrial microorganisms: Results from the Nullarbor Plain, Australia, a Mars analogue site
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Historical droughts in Southeast Australia recorded in a New South Wales stalagmite
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-12-2020
Abstract: The Murray Darling Basin contains 40% of Australia’s farms and is subject to multi-year droughts that put severe pressure on southeast Australia’s freshwater resources. Yet the long-term frequency, timing and potential severity of these droughts is unknown, as there are few high-resolution paleoclimate records from the basin that extend past the instrumental era. In this study, we investigate the potential of stalagmites from Careys Cave, Wee Jasper, in the Murray-Darling Basin to record past droughts. We use a multiproxy approach of stalagmite stable isotopes, trace element data, and climate reanalysis. We show that (a) stalagmite δ 18 O at this site likely records either local or regional precipitation amount and (b) stalagmite δ 18 O shows reasonable coherence with decadal-scale wet and dry changes in regional rainfall over the last 150 years, including the Federation Drought (1895–1902). Therefore, stalagmites from Wee Jasper can be used to draw regional inferences about past rainfall and have potential to extend the record of past droughts in the Murray Darling Basin beyond the limits of historical data. Extracting such a record will enable a better understanding of the causes of multi-year droughts in the region and consequently better planning, mitigation, and resilience in the basin.
Updated Methods to Age the Australian Lungfish: Reply to Kemp (2015)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2015
Radiocarbon analysis of halophilic microbial lipids from an Australian salt lake
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.YQRES.2011.10.003
Abstract: Assigning accurate dates to hypersaline sediments opens important terrestrial records of local and regional paleoecologies and paleoclimatology. However, as of yet no conventional method of dating hypersaline systems has been widely adopted. Biomarker, mineralogical, and radiocarbon analyses of sediments and organic extracts from a shallow (13 cm) core from a hypersaline playa, Lake Tyrrell, southeastern Australia, produce a coherent age-depth curve beginning with modern microbial mats and extending to ~ 7500 cal yr BP. These analyses are furthermore used to identify and constrain the timing of the most recent change in hydrological regime at Lake Tyrrell, a shift from a clay deposit to the precipitation of evaporitic sands occurring at some time between ~ 4500 and 7000 yr. These analyses show the potential for widespread dating of hypersaline systems integrating the biomarker approach, reinforce the value of the radiocarbon content of biomarkers in understanding the flow of carbon in modern ecologies, and validate the temporal dimension of data provided by biomarkers when dating late Quaternary sediments.
New14C dates for Spring Creek and Mowbray Swamp megafauna: XAD-2 processing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-12-2014
DOI: 10.1002/ARCO.5045
Carbon accounting of mined landscapes, and deployment of a geochemical treatment system for enhanced weathering at Woodsreef Chrysotile Mine, NSW, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Anomalous elevated radiocarbon measurements of PM2.5
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Apparent Periodic and Long‐Term Changes in AAIW and UCDW Properties at Fixed Depths in the Southwest Pacific, With Indications of a Regime Shift in the 1930s
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 08-05-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2020GL092329
Abstract: Metal/calcium ratios in two long‐lived deep‐sea gorgonian corals ( Lepidisis and Corallium spp.) in the Southwest Pacific evidence periodic decadal variability at depths that correspond to Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and shallow Upper Circumpolar Deep Water, and a shift in the mid‐1930s to late‐1930s in mean ambient temperatures, barium/silicate concentrations and possibly pH, the rate at which these properties change over time, and the relationship between temperatures at fixed depth and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). The decadal periodicity, which is evident in other biological indices in the study area, can be accounted for by water mass heave on the order of 100–150 m, which is consistent with observed scales of variability in the AAIW. The proximate and ultimate causes of the midcentury shifts are unclear, but could be related to suggested mid‐20th century changes in climate parameters globally and, more specifically, in the subpolar SW Pacific.
High-resolution coral records of rare earth elements in coastal seawater: Biogeochemical cycling and a new environmental proxy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Carbon isotope constraints on vertical mixing and air-sea CO2exchange
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1029/2003GL018049
Source of trace element variability in Great Barrier Reef corals affected by the Burdekin flood plumes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
The chronology of the earliest Upper Palaeolithic in northern Iberia: New insights from L'Arbreda, Labeko Koba and La Viña
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHEVOL.2013.12.017
Abstract: Since the late 1980s, northern Iberia has yielded some of the earliest radiocarbon dated Aurignacian assemblages in Western Europe, probably produced by anatomically modern humans (AMHs). This is at odds with its location furthest from the likely eastern entry point of AMHs, and has also suggested to some that the Châtelperronian resulted from cultural transfer from AMHs to Neanderthals. However, the accuracy of the early chronology has been extensively disputed, primarily because of the poor association between the dated s les and human activity. Here, we test the chronology of three sites in northern Iberia, L'Arbreda, Labeko Koba and La Viña, by radiocarbon dating ultrafiltered collagen from anthropogenically modified bones. The published dates from Labeko Koba are shown to be significant underestimates due to the insufficient removal of young contaminants. The early (c.44 ka cal BP [thousands of calibrated years before present]) Aurignacian chronology at L'Arbreda cannot be reproduced, but the reason for this is difficult to ascertain. The existing chronology of La Viña is found to be approximately correct. Together, the evidence suggests that major changes in technocomplexes occurred contemporaneously between the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions of northern Iberia, with the Aurignacian appearing around 42 ka cal BP, a date broadly consistent with the appearance of this industry elsewhere in Western Europe.
Use of heavy liquid density separation to remove pyrite from sediment samples for radiocarbon dating
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Evaluating the radiocarbon reservoir effect in Lake Kutubu, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 13-07-2019
DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2018.49
Abstract: We examined the radiocarbon ( 14 C) reservoir effect in Lake Kutubu using tephrochronology and terrestrial plant material to deliver a precise age-depth profile and sedimentation rates for this lake. Based on the presence of two tephra horizons (Tibito and Olgaboli), we found a reservoir age offset in sediments of between 1490 and 2280 14 C yr using the sediment ages derived from the lead-210 ( 210 Pb) dating method. The live submerged biological s les collected exhibited a higher reservoir age offset than the sediment. This is most likely a result of delayed transport of “bomb” 14 C from the atmosphere to aquatic and sedimentary system. The 14 C reservoir effect increased with distance from the lake inlet and also decreased with depth. Dissolution of 14 C-depleted carbon from surrounding limestone and direct in-wash of old soil or vegetation remnants from the catchment are the most likely causes of the 14 C reservoir effect. Based on limestone areas mapped in Papua New Guinea, we indicate lakes which may be subject to a significant 14 C reservoir effect. The results of this study demonstrate the magnitude of the 14 C reservoir effect in lakes and provide insights to the correct interpretation of past environmental and archaeological events in PNG.
Surface water processes in the Indonesian throughflow as documented by a high-resolution coral Δ14C record
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 03-09-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2008JC004722
Imaging and 3D Elemental Characterization of Intact Bacterial Spores by High-Resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-06-2008
DOI: 10.1021/AC8006279
Abstract: We present a quantitative, imaging technique based on nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry for mapping the 3D elemental distribution present in an in idual micrometer-sized Bacillus spore. We use depth profile analysis to access the 3D compositional information of an intact spore without the additional s le preparation steps (fixation, embedding, and sectioning) typically used to access substructural information in biological s les. The method is designed to ensure s le integrity for forensic characterization of Bacillus spores. The minimal s le preparation/alteration required in this methodology helps to preserve s le integrity. Furthermore, the technique affords elemental distribution information at the in idual spore level with nanometer-scale spatial resolution and high (microg/g) analytical sensitivity. We use the technique to map the 3D elemental distribution present within Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis spores.
Significance and timing of the mid-17th-century eruption of Long Island, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-11-2017
Multi-century time-series of15N and14C in bamboo corals from deep Tasmanian seamounts: Evidence for stable oceanographic conditions
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 17-12-2009
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS08166
Sediment controls dynamic behavior of a Cordilleran Ice Stream at the Last Glacial Maximum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-04-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-15579-0
Abstract: The uncertain response of marine terminating outlet glaciers to climate change at time scales beyond short-term observation limits models of future sea level rise. At temperate tidewater margins, abundant subglacial meltwater forms morainal banks (marine shoals) or ice-contact deltas that reduce water depth, stabilizing grounding lines and slowing or reversing glacial retreat. Here we present a radiocarbon-dated record from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1421 that tracks the terminus of the largest Alaskan Cordilleran Ice Sheet outlet glacier during Last Glacial Maximum climate transitions. Sedimentation rates, ice-rafted debris, and microfossil and biogeochemical proxies, show repeated abrupt collapses and slow advances typical of the tidewater glacier cycle observed in modern systems. When global sea level rise exceeded the local rate of bank building, the cycle of readvances stopped leading to irreversible retreat. These results support theory that suggests sediment dynamics can control tidewater terminus position on an open shelf under temperate conditions delaying climate-driven retreat.
Reply to Barber: Marginal evidence for taro production in northern New Zealand between 1200 and 1500 CE
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 14-01-2020
Porites corals as recorders of mining and environmental impacts: Misima Island, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
Budgeting postglacial sedimentation history on the Santa Cruz, California mid-continental shelf
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Long-term archaeological and historical archives for mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus, populations in eastern South Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Uranium-series age estimates for rock art in southwest China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Age and growth of the cold-water scleractinian Solenosmilia variabilis and its reef on SW Pacific seamounts
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2013
A database of biological and geomorphological sea-level markers from the Last Glacial Maximum to present
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2018
Abstract: The last deglacial was an interval of rapid climate and sea-level change, including the collapse of large continental ice sheets. This database collates carefully assessed sea-level data from peer-reviewed sources for the interval 0 to 25 thousand years ago (ka), from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present interglacial. In addition to facilitating site-specific reconstructions of past sea levels, the database provides a suite of data beyond the range of modern/instrumental variability that may help hone future sea-level projections. The database is global in scope, internally consistent, and contains U-series and radiocarbon dated indicators from both biological and geomorpohological archives. We focus on far-field data (i.e., away from the sites of the former continental ice sheets), but some key intermediate (i.e., from the Caribbean) data are also included. All primary fields (i.e., s le location, elevation, age and context) possess quantified uncertainties, which—in conjunction with available metadata—allows the reconstructed sea levels to be interpreted within both their uncertainties and geological context.
Growth and chronology of the rhodolith-forming, coralline red alga Sporolithon durum
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 31-01-2013
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS10085
Fossil and contemporary fine particulate carbon fractions at 12 rural and urban sites in the United States
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 27-01-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008605
The next chapter in radiocarbon dating at the Australian National University: Status report on the single stage AMS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Radiocarbon dating
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2021
Holocene break-up and reestablishment of the Petermann Ice Tongue, Northwest Greenland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Morphology and evolution of drowned carbonate terraces during the last two interglacial cycles, off Hilo, NE Hawaii
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Effects of chronic low carbonate saturation levels on the distribution, growth and skeletal chemistry of deep-sea corals and other seamount megabenthos
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 05-12-2011
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS09400
Late Holocene coastal land-use, site formation and site survival: Insights from five middens at Cape Leveque and Lombadina, Dampier Peninsula, Kimberley, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2020
Fixation and fate of C and N in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium using nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 14-04-2009
Abstract: The marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is ubiquitous in tropical and subtropical seas and is an important contributor to global N and C cycling. We sought to characterize metabolic uptake patterns in in idual Trichodesmium IMS-101 cells by quantitatively imaging 13 C and 15 N uptake with high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Trichodesmium fix both CO 2 and N 2 concurrently during the day and are, thus, faced with a balancing act: the O 2 evolved during photosynthesis inhibits nitrogenase, the key enzyme in N 2 fixation. After performing correlated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and NanoSIMS analysis on trichome thin-sections, we observed transient inclusion of 15 N and 13 C into discrete subcellular bodies identified as cyanophycin granules. We speculate that Trichodesmium uses these dynamic storage bodies to uncouple CO 2 and N 2 fixation from overall growth dynamics. We also directly quantified both CO 2 and N 2 fixation at the single cell level using NanoSIMS imaging of whole cells in multiple trichomes. Our results indicate maximal CO 2 fixation rates in the morning, compared with maximal N 2 fixation rates in the afternoon, bolstering the argument that segregation of CO 2 and N 2 fixation in Trichodesmium is regulated in part by temporal factors. Spatial separation of N 2 and CO 2 fixation may also have a role in metabolic segregation in Trichodesmium . Our approach in combining stable isotope labeling with NanoSIMS and TEM imaging can be extended to other physiologically relevant elements and processes in other important microbial systems.
Feasibility of age determination of deep-water bamboo corals (Gorgonacea; Isididae) from annual cycles in skeletal composition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Growth and longevity of New Zealand black corals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Correction for Finzi-Hart et al., Fixation and fate of C and N in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium using nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 16-06-2009
Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 15-12-2006
Abstract: The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) s les returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk.
Investigating bomb radiocarbon transport in the southern Pacific Ocean with otolith radiocarbon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Comet 81P/Wild 2 Under a Microscope
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 15-12-2006
Abstract: The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these s les shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.
Physical network coding for bidirectional relay MIMO-SDM system
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2013
Bioluminescence flow visualization in the ocean: an initial strategy based on laboratory experiments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2002
Element partitioning between magnesium silicate perovskite and ferropericlase: New insights into bulk lower-mantle geochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2008
Resolving the Holocene alluvial record in southeastern Australia using luminescence and radiocarbon techniques
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-05-2010
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.1396
New dates on dingo bones from Madura Cave provide oldest firm evidence for arrival of the species in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-28324-X
Abstract: The dingo is the only placental land mammal aside from murids and bats to have made the water crossings to reach Australia prior to European arrival. It is thought that they arrived as a commensal animal with people, some time in the mid Holocene. However, the timing of their arrival is still a subject of major debate with published age estimates varying widely. This is largely because the age estimates for dingo arrival are based on archaeological deposit dates and genetic ergence estimates, rather than on the dingo bones themselves. Currently, estimates vary from between 5000–4000 years ago, for finds from archaeological contexts, and as much as 18,000 based on DNA age estimates. The timing of dingo arrival is important as post arrival they transformed Indigenous societies across mainland Australia and have been implicated in the extinction of a number of animals including the Tasmanian tiger. Here we present the results of direct dating of dingo bones from their oldest known archaeological context, Madura Cave on the Nullarbor Plain. These dates demonstrate that dingoes were in southern Australia by between 3348 and 3081 years ago. We suggest that following their introduction the dingo may have spread extremely rapidly throughout mainland Australia.
Offsetting of CO2 emissions by air capture in mine tailings at the Mount Keith Nickel Mine, Western Australia: Rates, controls and prospects for carbon neutral mining
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Greater soil carbon stocks and faster turnover rates with increasing agricultural productivity
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-01-2017
Abstract: Abstract. Devising agricultural management schemes that enhance food security and soil carbon levels is a high priority for many nations. However, the coupling between agricultural productivity, soil carbon stocks and organic matter turnover rates is still unclear. Archived soil s les from four decades of a long-term crop rotation trial were analyzed for soil organic matter (SOM) cycling-relevant properties: C and N content, bulk composition by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, amino sugar content, short-term C bioavailability assays, and long-term C turnover rates by modeling the incorporation of the bomb spike in atmospheric 14C into the soil. After 40 years under consistent management, topsoil carbon stocks ranged from 14 to 33 Mg C ha−1 and were linearly related to the mean productivity of each treatment. Measurements of SOM composition demonstrated increasing amounts of plant- and microbially derived SOM along the productivity gradient. Under two modeling scenarios, radiocarbon data indicated overall SOM turnover time decreased from 40 to 13 years with increasing productivity – twice the rate of decline predicted from simple steady-state models or static three-pool decay rates of measured C pool distributions. Similarly, the half-life of synthetic root exudates decreased from 30.4 to 21.5 h with increasing productivity, indicating accelerated microbial activity. These findings suggest that there is a direct feedback between accelerated biological activity, carbon cycling rates and rates of carbon stabilization with important implications for how SOM dynamics are represented in models.
Coral record of increased sediment flux to the inner Great Barrier Reef since European settlement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE01361
Phasing of millennial-scale climate variability in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 06-11-2020
Abstract: Walczak et al. report that increases in Pacific Ocean ventilation and periods of rapid production of icebergs from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet during the last glacial period preceded episodic iceberg discharges into the Atlantic Ocean (see the Perspective by Jaeger and Shevenell). Marine sediments from the Gulf of Alaska show that increases in vertical mixing of the ocean there correspond with intense iceberg calving from the ice sheet that covered much of high-latitude western North America and that these changes occurred before the analogous Heinrich events in the North Atlantic. Thus, these Pacific climate system reorganizations may have been an early part of a cascade of dynamic climate events with global repercussions. Science , this issue p. 716 see also p. 662
CAMS/LLNL ion source efficiency revisited
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Magnesite formation in playa environments near Atlin, British Columbia, Canada
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
A first look at oxygen isotope records from modern and Holocene-aged gastropod (Stenomelania) shells from Lake Kutubu, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JQS.3188
Graphitization of Small Carbonate Samples for Paleoceanographic Research at the Godwin Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Cambridge
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-01-2016
DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2015.8
Abstract: A new radiocarbon preparation facility was set up in 2010 at the Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, at the University of Cambridge. S les are graphitized via hydrogen reduction on an iron powder catalyst before being sent to the Chrono Centre, Belfast, or the Australian National University for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis. The experimental setup and procedure have recently been developed to investigate the potential for running small s les of foraminiferal carbonate. By analyzing background values of s les ranging from 0.04 to 0.6 mg C along with similar sized secondary standards, the setup and experimental procedures were optimized for small s les. “Background” modern 14 C contamination has been minimized through careful selection of iron powder, and graphitization has been optimized through the use of “small volume” reactors, allowing s les containing as little as 0.08 mg C to be graphitized and accurately dated. Graphitization efficiency/fractionation is found not to be the main limitation on the analysis of s les smaller than 0.07 mg C, which rather depends primarily on AMS ion beam optics, suggesting further improvements in small s le analysis might yet be achieved with our methodology.
Seasonally resolved surface water Δ14C variability in the Lombok Strait: A coralline perspective
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 31-07-2009
DOI: 10.1029/2008JC004876
Element partitioning at ultra-high pressure: New insights on bulk lower-mantle geochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Deciphering sedimentary organic matter sources: Insights from radiocarbon measurements and NMR spectroscopy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-02-2015
DOI: 10.1002/LNO.10064
Radiocarbon evidence for mid-late Holocene changes in southwest Pacific Ocean circulation
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016PA002929
Ventilation of the Deep Southern Ocean and Deglacial CO 2 Rise
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 28-05-2010
Abstract: It is generally believed that carbon dioxide accumulates in the deep ocean during cold periods and that it is released rapidly and in huge quantities during deglaciation, but evidence of deep ocean carbon dioxide storage has been elusive. Now Skinner et al. (p. 1147 see the Perspective by Anderson and Carr ) present radiocarbon data from the Southern Ocean that indicate that the deep water circulating around Antarctica was about twice as old relative to the atmosphere as it is today, a condition considered indicative of carbon dioxide accumulation and storage.
Looking to the past to ensure the future of the world's oldest living vertebrate: Isotopic evidence for multi‐decadal shifts in trophic ecology of the
Australian
lun
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-10-2018
DOI: 10.1002/RRA.3369
Improved C− efficiency and ion beam currents by modifying SNICS cathode material
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Radiocarbon evidence for alternating northern and southern sources of ventilation of the deep Atlantic carbon pool during the last deglaciation
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 31-03-2014
Abstract: This study sheds light on the mechanisms of deglacial atmospheric CO 2 rise and, more specifically, on the hypothesized role of a “bipolar seesaw” in deep Atlantic ventilation. Comparing new high-resolution radiocarbon reconstructions from the Northeast Atlantic with existing data from the Southern Ocean, we show that a bipolar ventilation seesaw did indeed operate during the last deglaciation. Whereas today the deep Atlantic’s carbon pool is “flushed” from the north by North Atlantic Deep Water export, it was flushed instead from the south during Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas, in time with sustained atmospheric CO 2 rise.
Monitoring age‐related trends in genomic diversity of Australian lungfish
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.14791
Abstract: An important challenge for conservation science is to detect declines in intraspecific ersity so that management action can be guided towards populations or species at risk. The lifespan of Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) exceeds 80 years, and human impacts on breeding habitat over the last half century may have impeded recruitment, leaving populations dominated by old postreproductive in iduals, potentially resulting in a small and declining breeding population. Here, we conduct a "single-s le" evaluation of genetic erosion within contemporary populations of the Australian lungfish. Genetic erosion is a temporal decline in intraspecific ersity due to factors such as reduced population size and inbreeding. We examined whether young in iduals showed signs of reduced genetic ersity and/or inbreeding using a novel bomb radiocarbon dating method to age lungfish nonlethally, based on
Radiocarbon (14C): Dating and Corals
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
Relative contributions of fossil and contemporary carbon sources to PM 2.5 aerosols at nine Interagency Monitoring for Protection of Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network sites
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 19-05-2007
DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007708
The use of carbon isotopes (13C,14C) in different soil types and vegetation coverage in a montane atlantic forest region, Southeast Brazil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Abrupt late Pleistocene ecological and climate change on Tahiti (French Polynesia)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-06-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12807
Holocene-Neogene volcanism in northeastern Australia: Chronology and eruption history
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Holocene reef growth in the tropical southwestern Atlantic
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Corals at their latitudinal limits: laser ablation trace element systematics in Porites from Shirigai Bay, Japan
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1999
Early tropical crop production in marginal subtropical and temperate Polynesia
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 08-04-2019
Abstract: Fossil evidence shows that Polynesians introduced the tropical crop taro ( Colocasia esculenta ) during initial colonization of the subtropical South Pacific islands and temperate New Zealand after 1200 CE, establishing garden ecosystems with similar commensal plants and invertebrates. Sedimentary charcoal and fossil remains indicate how frequent burning and perennial cultivation overcame the ecological constraints for taro production, particularly the temperate forest cover of New Zealand. An increase in short-lived plants, indicating a transition toward higher-intensity production, followed rapid woody forest decline and species extinctions on all islands. The relatively recent fossil records from the subtropical and temperate islands of Polynesia provide unique insights into the ecological processes behind the spread of Neolithic crops into areas marginal for production.
Formation of spinel-, hibonite-rich inclusions found in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites
Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.2138/AM.2006.2130
Extraordinarily high biomass benthic community on Southern Ocean seamounts
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2011
DOI: 10.1038/SREP00119
Elevated CO2 has little influence on the bacterial communities associated with the pH-tolerant coral, massive Porites spp.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-2018
New evidence of late survival of beaver in Britain
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-09-2014
Abstract: We describe new radiocarbon-dated evidence for the late survival of beavers from an upland site in northern England. A wood specimen with beaver gnaw marks was recovered from the bank of the Scaup Burn in Kielder Forest in Northumberland. The marks were analysed, the tree species were identified and the s le was radiocarbon dated to between 1269 and 1396. Other wood remains in the same context suggest a most likely dating between 1330 and 1390. This find represents the most recent radiocarbon-dated physical evidence of beaver yet found in Britain, by at least 400 years. In conjunction with documentary and other archaeological evidence from the period, this discovery indicates beaver were present within the Tyne River catchment up until at least the 14th century ad. In addition, this find highlights the need to investigate all possible evidence of beaver fully when discovered and to remain open-minded about the possibility of making finds in unexpected locations and contexts.
Radiocarbon-based ages and growth rates of bamboo corals from the Gulf of Alaska
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 02-2005
DOI: 10.1029/2004GL021919
A simple radiocarbon dating method for determining the age and growth rate of deep-sea sponges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Climate and socio‐economic factors explain differences between observed and expected naturalization patterns of European plants around the world
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/GEB.13316
Abstract: The number of naturalized (i.e. established) alien species has increased rapidly over recent centuries. Given the differences in environmental tolerances among species, little is known about what factors determine the extent to which the observed size of the naturalized range of a species and hence the extent to which the observed richness of naturalized species of a region approach their full potential. Here, we asked which region‐ and species‐specific characteristics explain differences between observed and expected naturalizations. Global. Present. Vascular plants. We determined the observed naturalized distribution outside Europe for 1,485 species endemic to Europe using the Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database and their expected distributions outside Europe using species distribution models. First, we investigated which of seven socio‐economic factors related to introduction pathways, anthropogenic pressures and inventory effort best explained the differences between observed and expected naturalized European floras. Second, we examined whether distributional features, economic use and functional traits explain the extent to which species have filled their expected ranges outside Europe. In terms of suitable area, more than 95% of expected naturalizations of European plants were not yet observed. Species were naturalized in only 4.2% of their suitable regions outside of Europe (range filling) and in 0.4% of their unsuitable regions (range expansion). Anthropogenic habitat disturbance primarily explained the difference between observed and expected naturalized European floras, as did the number of treaties relevant to invasive species. Species of ornamental and economic value and with large specific leaf area performed better at filling and expanding beyond their expected range. The naturalization of alien plant species is explained by climate matching but also by the regional level of human development, the introduction pressure associated with the ornamental and economic values of the species and their adaptation to disturbed environments.
Preservation effects on the isotopic and elemental composition of skeletal structures in the deep-sea bamboo coral Lepidisis spp. (Isididae)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Potential of shells of three species of eastern Australian freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Hyriidae) as environmental proxy archives
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/MF17319
Abstract: Freshwater mussels in Australia are rarely studied for their life history and potential as palaeoclimate proxy archives. Therefore, we studied three freshwater mussel species from the Williams River, Hunter Valley, Australia, namely Alathyria profuga, Cucumerunio novaehollandiae and Hyridella drapeta, to identify their potential as new environmental proxy archives from Australian freshwater bodies. Growth analysis revealed that A. profuga and C. novaehollandiae produce distinctive growth lines, which allow the first identification of age and growth structure of these species. The oxygen isotope ratio in A. profuga shells and high-resolution element concentrations in all three species show cyclic, annual variations. A high correlation between growth rates and the combined winter air temperature and annual rainfall, as well as accurate temperature reconstruction using oxygen isotope values in the shells suggest that A. profuga has good potential as an environmental proxy archive. However, the low correlation observed between the Sr:Ca ratio and temperature limited the usefulness of the Sr:Ca ratio in A. profuga shells as a water temperate proxy. In contrast, growth rates and element ratios of C. novaehollandiae do not indicate a significant relationship with environmental variables, suggesting that this species, together with H. drapeta, is probably not suitable for palaeoclimatic studies.
Robust chronological reconstruction for young speleothems using radiocarbon
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Reduced ventilation and enhanced magnitude of the deep Pacific carbon pool during the last glacial period
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Examining water temperature proxies in Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef: a cross-shelf comparison
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2003
Rapid glaciation and a two-step sea level plunge into the Last Glacial Maximum
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-018-0335-4
Abstract: The approximately 10,000-year-long Last Glacial Maximum, before the termination of the last ice age, was the coldest period in Earth's recent climate history
Carbon and nitrogen fixation and metabolite exchange in and between individual cells of Anabaena oscillarioides
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2007
Abstract: Filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria are key players in global nutrient cycling, but the relationship between CO2- and N2-fixation and intercellular exchange of these elements remains poorly understood in many genera. Using high-resolution nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) in conjunction with enriched H13CO3- and 15N2 incubations of Anabaena oscillarioides, we imaged the cellular distributions of C, N and P and 13C and 15N enrichments at multiple time points during a diurnal cycle as proxies for C and N assimilation. The temporal and spatial distributions of the newly fixed C and N were highly heterogeneous at both the intra- and inter-cellular scale, and indicative of regions performing active assimilation and biosynthesis. Subcellular components such as the neck region of heterocycts, cell ision septae and putative cyanophycin granules were clearly identifiable by their elemental composition. Newly fixed nitrogen was rapidly exported from heterocysts and was evenly allocated among vegetative cells, with the exception of the most remote vegetative cells between heterocysts, which were N limited based on lower 15N enrichment. Preexisting functional heterocysts had the lowest levels of 13C and 15N enrichment, while heterocysts that were inferred to have differentiated during the experiment had higher levels of enrichment. This innovative approach, combining stable isotope labeling and NanoSIMS elemental and isotopic imaging, allows characterization of cellular development ( ision, heterocyst differentiation), changes in in idual cell composition and cellular roles in metabolite exchange.
Interpreting environmental signals from the coralline sponge Astrosclera willeyana
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
Isotopic Compositions of Cometary Matter Returned by Stardust
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 15-12-2006
Abstract: Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositions are heterogeneous among comet 81P/Wild 2 particle fragments however, extreme isotopic anomalies are rare, indicating that the comet is not a pristine aggregate of presolar materials. Nonterrestrial nitrogen and neon isotope ratios suggest that indigenous organic matter and highly volatile materials were successfully collected. Except for a single 17 O-enriched circumstellar stardust grain, silicate and oxide minerals have oxygen isotopic compositions consistent with solar system origin. One refractory grain is 16 O-enriched, like refractory inclusions in meteorites, suggesting that Wild 2 contains material formed at high temperature in the inner solar system and transported to the Kuiper belt before comet accretion.
Wintertime stress, nursing, and lead exposure in Neanderthal children
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 05-10-2018
Abstract: Elemental records in teeth reveal prehistoric seasons of Neanderthal birth, weaning, childhood illness, and neurotoxic exposures.
A late Pleistocene record of aeolian sedimentation in Blanche Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
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