ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5874-8079
Current Organisations
NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
,
University of Miami
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Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-09-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2022.991760
Abstract: Since the 1970s, eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) have provided the simplest and most cost-efficient solution for rapid s ling of temperature vs. depth profiles of the upper part of the ocean along ship transects. This manual, compiled by the Ship of Opportunity Program Implementation Panel (SOOPIP) a subgroup of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Observations Coordination Group (OCG) Ship Observations Team (SOT) together with members of the XBT Science Team, aims to improve the quality assurance of XBT data by establishing best practices for field measurements and promoting their adoption by the global operational and scientific community. The measurement system components include commercially available expendable temperature probes, the launcher, the data acquisition (DAQ) hardware, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, an optional satellite transmitter, and a computer with software controls. The measurement platform can be any sea-going vessel with available space for the equipment and operator, and capable of oceanic voyages across the regions of interest. Adoption of a standard methodology in the installation and deployment of the measurement system will lead to data quality improvements with subsequent impact on the computation and understanding of changes in the near surface ocean properties (e.g., heat content), ocean circulation dynamics, and their relationship to climate variability.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018JC014809
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-08-2019
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00031.1
Abstract: Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were the major component of the ocean temperature profile observations from the late 1960s through the early 2000s, and XBTs still continue to provide critical data to monitor surface and subsurface currents, meridional heat transport, and ocean heat content. Systematic errors have been identified in the XBT data, some of which originate from computing the depth in the profile using a theoretically and experimentally derived fall-rate equation (FRE). After in-depth studies of these biases and discussions held in several workshops dedicated to discussing XBT biases, the XBT science community met at the Fourth XBT Science Workshop and concluded that XBT biases consist of 1) errors in depth values due to the inadequacy of the probe motion description done by standard FRE and 2) independent pure temperature biases. The depth error and temperature bias are temperature dependent and may depend on the data acquisition and recording system. In addition, the depth bias also includes an offset term. Some biases affecting the XBT-derived temperature profiles vary with manufacturer robe type and have been shown to be time dependent. Best practices for historical XBT data corrections, recommendations for future collection of metadata to accompany XBT data, impact of XBT biases on scientific applications, and challenges encountered are presented in this manuscript. Analysis of XBT data shows that, despite the existence of these biases, historical XBT data without bias corrections are still suitable for many scientific applications, and that bias-corrected data can be used for climate research.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 24-07-2019
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
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