ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3676-1325
Current Organisation
University of California, San Diego
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Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-08-2023
DOI: 10.1029/2023GL102741
Abstract: During recent decades, both greenhouse gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) drove major changes in the Earth's energy imbalance. However, their respective fingerprints in changes to ocean heat content (OHC) have been difficult to isolate and detect when global or hemispheric averages are used. Based on a pattern recognition analysis, we show that AAs drive an interhemispheric asymmetry within the 20°‐35° latitude band in historical OHC change due to the southward shift of the atmospheric and ocean circulation system. This forced pattern is distinct from the GHG‐induced pattern, which dominates the asymmetry in higher latitudes. Moreover, it is found that this significant aerosol‐forced OHC trend pattern can only be captured in analyzed periods of 20 years or longer and including 1975–1990. Using these distinct spatiotemporal characteristics, we show that the fingerprint of aerosol climate forcing in ocean observations can be distinguished from both the stronger GHG‐induced signals and internal variability.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2938
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-01-2015
DOI: 10.1002/2014GL062509
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00263.1
Abstract: Regional patterns of tropical Indo-Pacific climate change are investigated over the last six decades based on a synthesis of in situ observations and ocean model simulations, with a focus on physical consistency among sea surface temperature (SST), cloud, sea level pressure (SLP), surface wind, and subsurface ocean temperature. A newly developed bias-corrected surface wind dataset displays westerly trends over the western tropical Pacific and easterly trends over the tropical Indian Ocean, indicative of a slowdown of the Walker circulation. This pattern of wind change is consistent with that of observed SLP change showing positive trends over the Maritime Continent and negative trends over the central equatorial Pacific. Suppressed moisture convergence over the Maritime Continent is largely due to surface wind changes, contributing to observed decreases in marine cloudiness and land precipitation there. Furthermore, observed ocean mixed layer temperatures indicate a reduction in zonal contrast in the tropical Indo-Pacific characterized by larger warming in the tropical eastern Pacific and western Indian Ocean than in the tropical western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean. Similar changes are successfully simulated by an ocean general circulation model forced with the bias-corrected wind stress. Whereas results from major SST reconstructions show no significant change in zonal gradient in the tropical Indo-Pacific, both bucket-s led SSTs and nighttime marine air temperatures (NMAT) show a weakening of the zonal gradient consistent with the subsurface temperature changes. All these findings from independent observations provide robust evidence for ocean–atmosphere coupling associated with the reduction in the Walker circulation over the last six decades.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS4607
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 20-11-2020
Abstract: Walker circulation response to an extratropical energy perturbation depends on the degree of atmosphere-ocean coupling.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2009
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 09-10-2020
Abstract: Untangle the impacts of global warming and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on tropical cyclone track over the North Pacific.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2018
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00593.1
Abstract: This is the second part of a three-part paper on North American climate in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that evaluates the twentieth-century simulations of intraseasonal to multidecadal variability and teleconnections with North American climate. Overall, the multimodel ensemble does reasonably well at reproducing observed variability in several aspects, but it does less well at capturing observed teleconnections, with implications for future projections examined in part three of this paper. In terms of intraseasonal variability, almost half of the models examined can reproduce observed variability in the eastern Pacific and most models capture the midsummer drought over Central America. The multimodel mean replicates the density of traveling tropical synoptic-scale disturbances but with large spread among the models. On the other hand, the coarse resolution of the models means that tropical cyclone frequencies are underpredicted in the Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. The frequency and mean litude of ENSO are generally well reproduced, although teleconnections with North American climate are widely varying among models and only a few models can reproduce the east and central Pacific types of ENSO and connections with U.S. winter temperatures. The models capture the spatial pattern of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) variability and its influence on continental temperature and West Coast precipitation but less well for the wintertime precipitation. The spatial representation of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is reasonable, but the magnitude of SST anomalies and teleconnections are poorly reproduced. Multidecadal trends such as the warming hole over the central–southeastern United States and precipitation increases are not replicated by the models, suggesting that observed changes are linked to natural variability.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-04-2021
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 20-02-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2018GL081414
Publisher: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1553/AAR14S45
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-12-2020
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 27-08-2021
Abstract: North Tropical Atlantic Ocean variability increases in a warming climate due to an enhanced El Niño–Southern Oscillation influence.
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 15-08-2012
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00324.1
Abstract: Off the Western Australia coast, interannual variations of wind regime during the austral winter and spring are significantly correlated with the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and the southern annular mode (SAM) variability. Atmospheric general circulation model experiments forced by an idealized IOD sea surface temperature anomaly field suggest that the IOD-generated deep atmospheric convection anomalies trigger a Rossby wave train in the upper troposphere that propagates into the southern extratropics and induces positive geopotential height anomalies over southern Australia, independent of the SAM. The positive geopotential height anomalies extended from the upper troposphere to the surface, south of the Australian continent, resulting in easterly wind anomalies off the Western Australia coast and a reduction of the high-frequency synoptic storm events that deliver the majority of southwest Australia rainfall during austral winter and spring. In the marine environment, the wind anomalies and reduction of storm events may h er the western rock lobster recruitment process.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2021
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 03-2019
Abstract: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which originates in the Pacific, is the strongest and most well-known mode of tropical climate variability. Its reach is global, and it can force climate variations of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans by perturbing the global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Especially noteworthy is the multidecadal Atlantic warming that began in the late 1990s, because recent research suggests that it has influenced Indo-Pacific climate, the character of the ENSO cycle, and the hiatus in global surface warming. Discovery of these pantropical interactions provides a pathway forward for improving predictions of climate variability in the current climate and for refining projections of future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios.
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Shang-Ping Xie.