ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6300-9350
Current Organisation
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
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Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 22-02-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE04246
Abstract: As the Earth warms, many species are likely to disappear, often because of changing disease dynamics. Here we show that a recent mass extinction associated with pathogen outbreaks is tied to global warming. Seventeen years ago, in the mountains of Costa Rica, the Monteverde harlequin frog (Atelopus sp.) vanished along with the golden toad (Bufo periglenes). An estimated 67% of the 110 or so species of Atelopus, which are endemic to the American tropics, have met the same fate, and a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is implicated. Analysing the timing of losses in relation to changes in sea surface and air temperatures, we conclude with 'very high confidence' (> 99%, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) that large-scale warming is a key factor in the disappearances. We propose that temperatures at many highland localities are shifting towards the growth optimum of Batrachochytrium, thus encouraging outbreaks. With climate change promoting infectious disease and eroding bio ersity, the urgency of reducing greenhouse-gas concentrations is now undeniable.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-023-36987-Y
Abstract: Protected Areas (PAs) are the cornerstone of bio ersity conservation. Here, we collated distributional data for ,000 (~70% of) species of hibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) to perform a global assessment of the conservation effectiveness of PAs using species distribution models. Our analyses reveal that % of herpetofauna species are currently distributed in PAs, and that this proportion will remain unaltered under future climate change. Indeed, loss of species’ distributional ranges will be lower inside PAs than outside them. Therefore, the proportion of effectively protected species is predicted to increase. However, over 7.8% of species currently occur outside PAs, and large spatial conservation gaps remain, mainly across tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, and across non-high-income countries. We also predict that more than 300 hibian and 500 reptile species may go extinct under climate change over the course of the ongoing century. Our study highlights the importance of PAs in providing herpetofauna with refuge from climate change, and suggests ways to optimize PAs to better conserve bio ersity worldwide.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-08-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.13937
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE05942
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-04-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.13596
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S13127-022-00588-2
Abstract: The ersification processes underlying why Amazonia hosts the most species-rich vertebrate fauna on earth remain poorly understood. We studied the spatio-temporal ersification of a tree frog clade distributed throughout Amazonia (Anura: Hylidae: Osteocephalus , Tepuihyla , and Dryaderces ) and tested the hypothesis that Miocene mega wetlands located in western and central Amazonia impacted connectivity among major biogeographic areas during extensive periods. We assessed the group’s ersity through DNA-based (16S rRNA) species delimitation to identify Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from 557 in iduals. We then selected one terminal for each OTU ( n = 50) and assembled a mitogenomic matrix (~14,100 bp complete for 17 terminals) to reconstruct a Bayesian, time-calibrated phylogeny encompassing nearly all described species. Ancestral area reconstruction indicates that each genus was restricted to one of the major Amazonian biogeographic areas (western Amazonia, Guiana Shield and Brazilian Shield, respectively) between ~10 and 20 Mya, suggesting that they erged and ersified in isolation during this period around the Pebas mega wetland. After 10 Mya and the transition to the modern configuration of the Amazon River watershed, most speciation within each genus continued to occur within each area. In Osteocephalus , only three species expanded widely across Amazonia ( 6 Mya), and all were pond-breeders. Species with other breeding modes remained mostly restricted to narrow ranges. The spectacular radiation of Osteocephalus was probably driven by climatic stability, habitat ersity and the acquisition of new reproductive modes along the Andean foothills and western Amazonia. Our findings add evidence to the importance of major hydrological changes during the Miocene on biotic ersification in Amazonia.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-11-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-10-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.2862
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
No related grants have been discovered for Santiago Ron.