ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2936-0918
Current Organisations
The University of Auckland
,
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 23-08-2017
Abstract: This paper investigates the mechanisms causing interannual variability of upper ocean heat content and sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwest Pacific. Using the ECCOv4 ocean reanalysis it is shown that air–sea heat flux and ocean heat transport convergence due to ocean dynamics both contribute to the variability of upper ocean temperatures around New Zealand. The ocean dynamics responsible for the ocean heat transport convergence are investigated. It is shown that SSTs are significantly correlated with the arrival of barotropic Rossby waves estimated from the South Pacific wind stress over the latitudes of New Zealand. Both Argo observations and the ECCOv4 reanalysis show deep isotherms fluctuate coherently around the country. The authors suggest that the depth of the thermocline around New Zealand adjusts to changes in the South Pacific winds, modifies the vertical advection of heat into the upper ocean, and contributes to the interannual variability of SST in the region.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2513
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053448
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2000
DOI: 10.1038/35037500
Abstract: Changes in iron supply to oceanic plankton are thought to have a significant effect on concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide by altering rates of carbon sequestration, a theory known as the 'iron hypothesis'. For this reason, it is important to understand the response of pelagic biota to increased iron supply. Here we report the results of a mesoscale iron fertilization experiment in the polar Southern Ocean, where the potential to sequester iron-elevated algal carbon is probably greatest. Increased iron supply led to elevated phytoplankton biomass and rates of photosynthesis in surface waters, causing a large drawdown of carbon dioxide and macronutrients, and elevated dimethyl sulphide levels after 13 days. This drawdown was mostly due to the proliferation of diatom stocks. But downward export of biogenic carbon was not increased. Moreover, satellite observations of this massive bloom 30 days later, suggest that a sufficient proportion of the added iron was retained in surface waters. Our findings demonstrate that iron supply controls phytoplankton growth and community composition during summer in these polar Southern Ocean waters, but the fate of algal carbon remains unknown and depends on the interplay between the processes controlling export, remineralisation and timescales of water mass subduction.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2872
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004664
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 02-2007
DOI: 10.1175/JPO3004.1
Abstract: An increase in the circulation of the South Pacific Ocean subtropical gyre, extending from the sea surface to middepth, is observed over 12 years. Datasets used to quantify the decadal gyre spinup include satellite altimetric height, the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) hydrographic and float survey of the South Pacific, a repeated hydrographic transect along 170°W, and profiling float data from the global Argo array. The signal in sea surface height is a 12-cm increase between 1993 and 2004, on large spatial scale centered at about 40°S, 170°W. The subsurface datasets show that this signal is predominantly due to density variations in the water column, that is, to deepening of isopycnal surfaces, extending to depths of at least 1800 m. The maximum increase in dynamic height is collocated with the deep center of the subtropical gyre, and the signal represents an increase in the total counterclockwise geostrophic circulation of the gyre, by at least 20% at 1000 m. A comparison of WOCE and Argo float trajectories at 1000 m confirms the gyre spinup during the 1990s. The signals in sea surface height, dynamic height, and velocity all peaked around 2003 and subsequently began to decline. The 1990s increase in wind-driven circulation resulted from decadal intensification of wind stress curl east of New Zealand—variability associated with an increase in the atmosphere’s Southern Hemisphere annular mode. It is suggested (based on altimetric height) that midlatitude gyres in all of the oceans have been affected by variability in the atmospheric annular modes on decadal time scales.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 12-04-2019
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 10-06-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2008GL033699
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-01-2021
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.15490
Abstract: Fisheries harvest has pervasive impacts on wild fish populations, including the truncation of size and age structures, altered population dynamics and density, and modified habitat and assemblage composition. Understanding the degree to which harvest‐induced impacts increase the sensitivity of in iduals, populations and ultimately species to environmental change is essential to ensuring sustainable fisheries management in a rapidly changing world. Here we generated multiple long‐term (44–62 years), annually resolved, somatic growth chronologies of four commercially important fishes from New Zealand's coastal and shelf waters. We used these novel data to investigate how regional‐ and basin‐scale environmental variability, in concert with fishing activity, affected in idual somatic growth rates and the magnitude of spatial synchrony among stocks. Changes in somatic growth can affect in idual fitness and a range of population and fishery metrics such as recruitment success, maturation schedules and stock biomass. Across all species, in idual growth benefited from a fishing‐induced release of density controls. For nearshore snapper and tarakihi, regional‐scale wind and temperature also additively affected growth, indicating that future climate change‐induced warming and potentially strengthened winds will initially promote the productivity of more poleward populations. Fishing increased the sensitivity of deep‐water hoki and ling growth to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). A forecast shift to a positive IPO phase, in concert with current harvest strategies, will likely promote in idual hoki and ling growth. At the species level, historical fishing practices and IPO synergized to strengthen spatial synchrony in average growth between stocks separated by 400–600 nm of ocean. Increased spatial synchrony can, however, increase the vulnerability of stocks to deleterious stochastic events. Together, our in idual‐ and species‐level results show how fishing and environmental factors can conflate to initially promote in idual growth but then possibly heighten the sensitivity of stocks to environmental change.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1002/2013JC009678
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-03-2019
Location: United States of America
Location: New Zealand
No related grants have been discovered for Phil Sutton.