ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5197-8151
Current Organisation
BRAC University
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Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-07-2017
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-07-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 11-04-2017
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.J1126
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Abstract: Promoting adequate nutrition through interventions to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) has the potential to contribute to child development. We examined whether an intensive intervention package that was aimed at improving IYCF at scale through the Alive & Thrive initiative in Bangladesh also advanced language and gross motor development, and whether advancements in language and gross motor development were explained through improved complementary feeding. A cluster-randomized design compared 2 intervention packages: intensive interpersonal counseling on IYCF, mass media c aign, and community mobilization (intensive) compared with usual nutrition counseling and mass media c aign (nonintensive). Twenty subdistricts were randomly assigned to receive either the intensive or the nonintensive intervention. Household surveys were conducted at baseline (2010) and at endline (2014) in the same communities (n = ∼4000 children aged 0-47.9 mo for each round). Child development was measured by asking mothers if their child had reached each of multiple milestones, with some observed. Linear regression accounting for clustering was used to derive difference-in-differences (DID) impact estimates, and path analysis was used to examine developmental advancement through indicators of improved IYCF and other factors. The DID in language development between intensive and nonintensive groups was 1.05 milestones (P = 0.001) among children aged 6-23.9 mo and 0.76 milestones (P = 0.038) among children aged 24-47.9 mo. For gross motor development, the DID was 0.85 milestones (P = 0.035) among children aged 6-23.9 mo. The differences observed corresponded to age- and sex-adjusted effect sizes of 0.35 for language and 0.23 for gross motor development. Developmental advancement at 6-23.9 mo was partially explained through improved minimum dietary ersity and the consumption of iron-rich food. Intensive IYCF intervention differentially advanced language and gross motor development, which was partially explained through improved complementary feeding. Measuring a erse set of child outcomes, including functional outcomes such as child development, is important when evaluating integrated nutrition programs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01678716.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-09-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1003788
Abstract: Social innovations in health are inclusive solutions to address the healthcare delivery gap that meet the needs of end users through a multi-stakeholder, community-engaged process. While social innovations for health have shown promise in closing the healthcare delivery gap, more research is needed to evaluate, scale up, and sustain social innovation. Research checklists can standardize and improve reporting of research findings, promote transparency, and increase replicability of study results and findings. The research checklist was developed through a 3-step community-engaged process, including a global open call for ideas, a scoping review, and a 3-round modified Delphi process. The call for entries solicited checklists and related items and was open between November 27, 2019 and February 1, 2020. In addition to the open call submissions and scoping review findings, a 17-item Social Innovation For Health Research (SIFHR) Checklist was developed based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) Checklist. The checklist was then refined during 3 rounds of Delphi surveys conducted between May and June 2020. The resulting checklist will facilitate more complete and transparent reporting, increase end-user engagement, and help assess social innovation projects. A limitation of the open call was requiring internet access, which likely discouraged participation of some subgroups. The SIFHR Checklist will strengthen the reporting of social innovation for health research studies. More research is needed on social innovation for health.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-08-2011
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-11-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.K4884
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-060163
Abstract: Measures to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak in the migrant worker dormitories in Singapore included lockdown and isolation of residents for prolonged periods. In this paper, we explore efforts to ease tensions and support mental health under these conditions. Case study of dormitory residents under lockdown from April to August 2020 comprises a nested mixed-method approach using an online questionnaire (n=175) and semistructured interviews (n=23) of migrant workers s led from the survey (August to September 2020). Logistic regression models were used to analyse survey data. Semistructured interviews were analysed using applied thematic analysis. Survey and interview data showed that mental health was largely protected despite initial rising tensions over restrictions during lockdown. Sources of tension negatively affecting low stress responses included job related worries, OR=0.07 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.18, p .001), poor communication with employers, OR=0.12 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.44, p .001) and loneliness, OR=0.24 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.55, p .001). Interview narratives concurrently revealed themes around job insecurity and the effects of the lockdown ‘not being good for mind and body’, the imposition of new rules and regulations compounded by the most emphasised concern—worry about family back home. Interviewees shared how their adaptive capability played a pivotal protective role alongside social support and solidarity aided by regular use of messaging applications, which supported mental health, OR=4.81 (95% CI 1.54 to 15.21, p .01). Employers were described as central to alleviating tensions, providing feedback loops to improve dorm conditions. Employees feeling their employers cared about their health and well-being was especially protective to mental health, OR=17.24 (95% CI 4.00 to 85.74, p .001). Gratitude and trust in government and healthcare provision was widely acknowledged. Concurrently, related attitudes such as believing in the timeliness and appropriateness of the lockdown also protected mental health, OR 2.85 (95% CI 1.08 to 7.39, p=0.03). Tensions are mapped to protective solutions informing guidelines for future outbreak stress management response.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1471-0528.2010.02714.X
Abstract: In Bangladesh, the majority of women give birth at home. There is anecdotal evidence that unqualified allopathic practitioners (UAPs) administer oxytocin at home births to augment labour pain. The objective is to explore the use of oxytocin to augment labour pain during home births in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cross-sectional survey. KamrangirChar slum, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Married women with a home birth or who experienced labour at home in the 6 months prior to the survey (n = 463) were interviewed. Twenty-seven UAPs were interviewed to validate women's responses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify significant predictors of oxytocin use. Reported use of oxytocin to augment labour pain. Forty-six percent of women reported using medicine or other treatments to augment labour pain, 131 of whom reported using oxytocin (28% of total). Traditional birth attendants were the predominant decision-makers of when to use oxytocin. The medication was provided by a UAP who administered the drug via saline infusion or intramuscular injection. Higher education, lower parity, reported long labour (more than 12 hours), and knowledge of and positive attitudes towards oxytocin were significantly associated with oxytocin use after controlling for other factors. In the validation exercise, there was agreement about the use of oxytocin to augment labour in 22 of 27 cases (82%). About one-third of women used oxytocin to augment labour pain. This practice has implications for health education as well as future research to assess the impact on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-10-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-10-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-09-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1093/JN/NXY147
Publisher: Mark Allen Group
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.12968/BJOM.2007.15.11.27474
Abstract: Gender roles and relations, that is, the social constructions of what it means to be female or male and the multiple and complex power relationships between females and males affects women's experiences of maternal health and maternal health outcomes. In the Bangladeshi context, the social construction of gender means that the sexuality and reproductive capacity of women is seen as belonging to husband, family or community.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-3156.2001.00702.X
Abstract: Qualitative data collected from 63 older and younger mothers revealed that almost all recognized pneumonia and all described mild and severe signs and symptoms to explain incidences of pneumonia. Respiratory illnesses were attributed to humoral imbalances, supernatural causes and "negligent" mothers. Home care practices involved drinking specially prepared juices, massaging the child with oil and avoiding "cooling" foods. Traditional and allopathic care was sought depending on the perceived severity of the illness. The role of the family was important in decision-making. Rural mothers were relieved and satisfied to be able to quickly access low-cost medicines from Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) health volunteers, who clearly influence health care practices. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 23 health volunteers showed that 22 were able to correctly identify breathing rates and their association with pneumonia. All had knowledge of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and were able to list a range of signs and symptoms. Some health volunteers complained of operational constraints with monitoring and technical equipment. Nevertheless, the programme has strong links with grassroots volunteers and community people, making it a successful intervention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-14488-9
Abstract: The first wave of COVID-19 during April to July 2020 in Singapore largely affected the migrant workers living in residential dormitories. A government taskforce working with dormitory operators, employers and non-government agencies came together to deliver behavioral interventions and health care services for migrant worker as dorms were imposed movement restrictions. To fill the research gap in understanding movement restriction experiences of migrant workers, this research seeks to describe dormitory contexts and explore behavior change related to both prevention of transmission as well as healthcare seeking for COVID-19 among male migrant workers. With social constructivism as the foundation for this study, 23 telephone interviews were conducted with Bangladeshi and Indian migrant workers. A theory-informed, data-driven conceptual framework, characterized by the “Four Ss”: Sensitization, Surveillance, Self-preservation, and Segregation was first generated and later used to frame second-stage, more in-depth, thematic analyses. An effective multipronged approach was documented, persuading migrant workers in our case-study to improve hygiene and follow some safe distancing measures, and adhere to help-seeking when symptomatic. Rapid collective adaptation was demonstrated it was propped up by effective harnessing of infrastructure and technology. While technology and digital platforms were central to shaping Sensitization for prevention-related behaviors, interpersonal communication, especially peer-sharing, was key to normalizing and accepting healthcare delivery and norms about healthcare seeking. Interpersonal factors particularly supported successful implementation of case-detection Surveillance, stimulating Self-preserving and acceptance of rules, and was found helpful to those Segregated in recovery facilities. In contrast, encouraging prevention-related behaviors relied more heavily on multiple online-platforms, phone-based e-learning/knowledge testing, e-monitoring of behavior, as well as interpersonal exchanges. Overall, the findings showed that the conception of the Four Ss helped inform intervention strategies. Anchoring these towards optimal use of technology and harnessing of interpersonal communication for prevention and promotion of healthcare seeking in the planning of future Infectious Disease outbreaks in closed institutional settings is recommended.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-030886
Abstract: This study aimed to report prevalence and evaluate the association between multimorbidity and associated risk factors in the adult population of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage clustered random s ling strategy. The study was conducted among the general population of 58 districts in Bangladesh. A total of 12 338 male and female in iduals aged ≥35 were included for analysis in this study. Identified through a household listing conducted prior to the study, from 15 297 in iduals meeting the inclusion criteria, 12 338 participants were included based on availability during data collection, consent and health condition. Multimorbidity in terms of hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Approximately 8.4% (95% CI 7.0 to 9.7) of in iduals suffer from multimorbidity, of which hypertension accounted for (30.1%) followed by diabetes (10.6%). The mean age of the population was 58.6 (SD ±9.2) years. The prevalence of multimorbidity was lower among men (7.7%) compared with women (8.9%). The likelihood of having multimorbidity among obese in iduals were more than double than people with normal body mass index (BMI). Physical activity protected in iduals from developing multimorbidity: however, the physical activity adjusted OR was 0.5 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.2). After adjusting for all covariates, higher age, higher educational status, economic status, and higher BMI were found to be significantly associated with the odds of developing multimorbidity, with an overall adjusted OR of 0.02 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.02). This study reported a high prevalence of multimorbidity in Bangladesh, although it explored the burden and identified risk factors considering only six chronic diseases. Further detailed exploration through longitudinal studies considering a wider range of diseases is needed to document the actual burden, develop effective preventive measures and clinical guidelines to improve the quality of life of the population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Abstract: Mapping pathways of how interventions are implemented and utilized enables contextually grounded interpretation of results, differentiates poor design from poor implementation, and identifies factors that might influence the utilization of interventions. Few studies in nutrition have comprehensively examined the steps of implementation and utilization in behavior change communication (BCC) interventions, thus limiting the interpretation of variable impacts of BCC interventions. A program impact pathway (PIP) analysis was used to study a BCC intervention implemented in Bangladesh to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The PIP was developed through an iterative process with the program implementation team the PIP then guided the choice of methods and tools. Using mixed methods, we reviewed the content of training materials for implementation staff, measured their IYCF knowledge (n = 100), observed their communication with mothers (n = 37), and examined factors influencing promotion of IYCF practices and their trial and adoption by mothers (n = 64). Implementation staff demonstrated good knowledge and maintained fidelity to the intervention to a large extent. Mothers identified them as their primary sources of information, and a majority of mothers tried recommended IYCF practices. Key facilitators included family support and availability of resources, whereas lack of time, maternal and family perceptions of age-appropriate feeding, and lack of resources were salient barriers to adopting recommended practices. Using a PIP analysis identified critical issues pertaining to implementation (e.g., the role of paid and volunteer staff) and utilization (e.g., resource and time constraints that require complementary interventions) and the need for further research and programmatic attention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11673-014-9604-6
Abstract: Global health research partnerships have many benefits, including the development of research capacity and improving the production and use of evidence to improve global health equity. These partnerships also include many challenges, with power and resource differences often leading to inequitable and unethical partnership dynamics. Responding to these challenges and to important gaps in partnership scholarship, the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research (CCGHR) conducted a three-year, multi-regional consultation to capture the research partnership experiences of stakeholders in South Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. The consultation participants described persistent inequities in the conduct of global health research partnerships and called for a mechanism through which to improve accountability for ethical conduct within partnerships. They also called for a commitment by the global health research community to research partnership ethics. The Partnership Assessment Toolkit (PAT) is a practical tool that enables partners to openly discuss the ethics of their partnership and to put in place structures that create ethical accountability. Clear mechanisms such as the PAT are essential to guide ethical conduct to ensure that global health research partnerships are beneficial to all collaborators, that they reflect the values of the global health endeavor more broadly, and that they ultimately lead to improvements in health outcomes and health equity.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/S0968-8080(04)24142-8
Abstract: In Bangladesh, maternal mortality is estimated to be 320 per 100,000 live births, among the highest in the world, and most deliveries in rural areas occur at home. Women with obstetric complications fear to seek hospital care for various reasons one of which is the tremendous cost. This paper shows how cost impedes rural, poor women's access to emergency obstetric care. The data are from a larger ethnographic study of childbirth practices in 2000--01 in Apurbabari village, the adjacent sub-district health complex and more distant tertiary hospitals at district level. Families had to spend what for them added up to a fortune for a caesarean section and other surgery, medicines, laboratory investigations, blood transfusion, food, travel and other expenses. Corruption in the form of demands for under-the-table payments to obtain these aspects of essential care is rife. Adequate resources should be allocated to the different health facilities, including for emergency obstetric treatment. Thana health complexes (sub-district hospitals) should be upgraded to provide comprehensive obstetric care. The system for prescribing drugs should be reformed and the causes of corruption investigated and addressed. Hospital care should not be allowed to further impoverish the poor. Addressing these issues will help to encourage rural, poor women to seek skilled delivery and post-partum care, particularly in emergency situations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2017.10.003
Abstract: To investigate the association of total sleep time and presence or absence of snoring with chronic disease among the Bangladeshi adult population. Cross-sectional survey. Urban and rural Bangladesh. A total of 12,338 men and women aged ≥35 years. Total sleep time was considered as the total hours of sleep in 24 hours. Furthermore, sleep time was categorized into 9 hours according to National Sleep Foundation (2015) guidelines. Self-reported snoring history was captured and corroborated with their respective sleep partner/spouse in more than 80% cases. Registered physician-diagnosed current and/or previous cases of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and any other chronic conditions were counted. Overall prevalence of at least 1 chronic disease in our study population was around 18%: men (15.4%) and women (20.0%). Hypertension has the highest prevalence (overall: 12.7%, men: 12.2%, women: 15%) followed by diabetes (4.9%), coronary heart diseases (3.2%), stroke (1.8%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.9%), and cancer (any type: 0.1%). Sleep pattern and snoring are significantly associated with all in idual chronic disease except cancer. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and lifestyle variables were adjusted, and inadequate total sleep time (<7 hours) and snoring (yes/no) showed significant association with chronic disease status (risk ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.22 and risk ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.29, respectively). Inadequate sleep and snoring are independently associated with chronic disease in Bangladeshi adult population and perhaps elsewhere.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0968-8080(01)90094-1
Abstract: Despite initiatives and interventions undertaken at national and international levels, maternal health is still neglected in Bangladesh, and the maternal mortality ratio remains one of the highest in the world. In order to improve rural women's access to maternity care, in 1996 the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) instituted services for birthing women in 21 health facilities in each Thana. This paper reports on research conducted three years later, based on interviews with women who gave birth in one BRAC Health Centre (BHC) and women who gave birth at home, interviews with staff of the BHC and observation of provider-patient relations. Acceptance of delivery in a health facility by rural women is still minimal. Most women only attended the BHC due to complications, yet the BHC was unable to handle most complications and referred women to the district hospital, where they received poor quality care. Cost, fear of hospitals and the stigma of an 'abnormal' birth were also important constraints. Female paramedics who attended normal deliveries were praised for being caring, but made women deliver lying down, did not always use aseptic procedures and were too busy to give information, making birth a passive experience. Recommendations to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric care at the BHC and upgrade staff skills, introduce rural health insurance and others have already begun to be implemented.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-10-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYY016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-12-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-26269-W
Abstract: Approximately one-third of children under the age of five are stunted in developing countries and many of them are micronutrient-deficient. We designed a comprehensive intervention package including egg/milk-based snacks to improve linear growth and dietary ersity among 6 to 12-month-old children in rural Bangladesh. In this 1-year community-based cluster randomized controlled longitudinal experiment, 412 mother–infant pairs were randomly assigned to receive either monthly food vouchers (for eggs, milk, semolina, sugar, and oil) to prepare egg and milk-based snacks for their children, along with multiple micronutrient powder (MNP), counseling on child feeding and handwashing, or regular government health communication alone (control n = 206, treatment n = 206). The trial was conducted in 12 clusters (small administrative units of sub-district). The primary inclusion criteria were ultra-poor households with limited resources and having children under 2-years-old. The primary and secondary outcomes were differences in children's length gain and dietary ersity. The effect of intervention on child growth was examined using a mixed effect linear regression model. Mean weight and length of the children did not significantly differ between groups at baseline. Around 90% of the children in both groups were breastfed. After receiving intervention for 12 months, LAZ score increased by 0.37 (CI 0.24, 0.51, p 0.001) and risk of stunting reduced by 73% (OR: 0.27, CI 0.13, 0.58, p = 0.001). This comprehensive intervention package improved the growth and dietary ersity of children in extremely poor Bangladeshi households. A scaling-up of this intervention in contexts with limited resources should be taken into consideration. Trial registration: This trial registered retrospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03641001, 21/8/2018.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-12-2014
DOI: 10.1111/TMI.12439
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 14-09-2015
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.H4327
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-12-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-019-7777-Y
Abstract: The period from birth to two years is the “critical window” for achieving optimal growth and development. An inadequate quality and quantities of complementary foods, poor child-feeding practices and infection negatively impact the growth of under-twos. Approximately one-third of under-fives in developing countries are stunted many are also micronutrient deficient. An estimated 6% of mortalities among under-fives can be prevented by ensuring optimal complementary feeding. The objective of the study was to assess the ability of a 12-month integrated nutrition intervention to improve the nutritional status (length-for-age Z -score) of 6 to 12-month-old children in rural Bangladesh. In this community-based randomized controlled trial, the intervention group received a package of interventions that includes, food vouchers to prepare egg-based nutritious snacks ( suji firni for 1-year-olds, suji halwa for 1-year-olds), micronutrient powder to fortify children’s food at home, child feeding counselling and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), behaviour change communication. The control group received routine health messages provided by the government. Baseline and endline surveys were conducted Data collection was performed monthly on children’s growth, food voucher utilization, child feeding and morbidity. In addition, we assessed the cognitive development of the children after 12 months of intervention. This trial aims to explore whether an integrated nutrition intervention can mitigate childhood stunting during the critical window of opportunity in rural Bangladesh. The results may provide robust evidence to improve the linear growth of children in developing countries. The study was retrospectively registered on August 17, 2018 and is available online at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02768181).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14214687
Abstract: Low birth weight (LBW) is a global public health problem with the highest prevalence in South Asia. It is strongly associated with maternal undernutrition. In South Asia, intra-household food distribution is inequitable, with lower dietary adequacy in women. Evidence that nutrition education improves diet during pregnancy and reduces LBW is weak. We assessed the impact of nutrition education for pregnant women on birth weight in rural Bangladesh. We conducted a parallel, two-arm, cluster-randomised controlled trial, with 36 clusters allocated equally to intervention (n = 445) or standard care (n = 448). From their first trimester until delivery, intervention participants received education about eating balanced meals to meet daily dietary requirements with erse food groups. The primary outcome of mean birth weight was 127.5 g higher in the intervention compared to control women, and the intervention reduced the risk of LBW by 57%. Post hoc analyses showed a significantly higher birth weight and a greater reduction in LBW amongst adolescent mothers. The mean number of food groups consumed was significantly higher in the intervention from the third month of pregnancy than in the control. A community-based balanced plate nutrition education intervention effectively increased mean birth weight and reduced LBW, and improved dietary ersity in rural Bangladeshi women.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-08-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-08-2023
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-11-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018002926
Abstract: Childhood stunting remains a major public health concern in Bangladesh. To accelerate the reduction rate of stunting, special focus is required during the first 23 months of a child’s life when the bulk of growth takes place. Therefore the present study explored in idual-, maternal- and household-level factors associated with stunting among children under 2 years of age in Bangladesh. Data were collected through a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted between October 2015 and January 2016. A two-stage cluster random s ling procedure was applied to select 11 428 households. In the first stage, 210 enumerations areas (EA) were selected with probability proportional to EA size (180 EA from rural areas, thirty EA from urban slums). In the second stage, an average of fifty-four households were selected from each EA through systematic random s ling. Rural areas and urban slums of Bangladesh. A total of 6539 children aged 0–23 months. Overall, 29·9 % of the children were stunted. After adjusting for all potential confounders in the modified Poisson regression model, child’s gender, birth weight (in idual level), maternal education, age at first pregnancy, nutrition (maternal level), administrative ision, place of residence, socio-economic status, food security status, access to sanitary latrine and toilet hygiene condition (household level) were significantly associated with stunting. The study identified a number of potentially addressable multilevel risk factors for stunting among young children in Bangladesh that should be addressed through comprehensive multicomponent interventions.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2019
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 09-03-2021
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.60060
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/NYAS.14608
Abstract: Adolescent birth is a major global concern owing to its adverse effects on maternal and child health. We assessed trends in adolescent birth and examined its associations with child undernutrition in Bangladesh using data from seven rounds of Demographic and Health Surveys (1996–2017, n = 12,006 primiparous women with living children years old). Adolescent birth (10–19 years old) declined slowly, from 84% in 1996 to 71% in 2017. Compared with adult mothers (≥20 years old), young adolescent mothers (10–15 years old) were more likely to be underweight (+11 pp), have lower education (−24 pp), have less decision‐making power (−10 pp), live in poorer households (−0.9 SD) with poorer sanitation (−15 pp), and have poorer feeding practices (10 pp), and were less likely to access health and nutrition services (−3 to −24 pp). In multivariable regressions controlled for known determinants of child undernutrition, children born to adolescents had lower height‐for‐age Z‐scores (−0.29 SD for young and −0.10 SD for old adolescents (16–19 years old)), weight‐for‐age Z‐score (−0.18 and −0.06 SD, respectively) as well as higher stunting (5.9 pp) and underweight (6.0 pp) than those born to adults. In conclusion, birth during adolescence, a common occurrence in Bangladesh, is associated with child undernutrition. Policies and programs to address poverty and improve women's education can help delay marriage, reduce early childbearing, and improve child growth.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1093/JN/NXY090
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-023-05772-8
Abstract: Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being 1–6 . Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was .1 kg m –2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have lified.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-06-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1271/BBB.68.584
Abstract: Interest in the beneficial effects of polyphenols, including tannic acid (TA), is increasing, although, these compounds also have adverse effects for ex le, on the absorption of iron (Fe), and possibly other trace minerals. We examined the effect of a graded dose of TA on the absorption of Fe and compared with that of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in rats. We also investigated the effect of TA on cecal fermentation which plays a role in absorption. In Experiment 1, to set the optimum dose of Fe, male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 70-90 g) after acclimatization were fed with different levels of dietary Fe (5, 10, 20, 30 and 35 mg/kg). We observed that the hematocrit (Ht), serum Fe concentration and transferrin saturation (%) were each reduced in those rats fed less than 20 mg/kg Fe in a dose-dependent manner. In Experiment 2, the rats were fed with test diets containing the minimum required level of Fe, 30 mg/kg diet, with (5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg diet) or without TA for a period of three weeks. Feeding a diet containing more than 10 g TA/kg diet, but not 5 g TA/kg diet, reduced the hemoglobin concentration (Hb), Ht and serum Fe concentration due to decreased Fe absorption. In contrast, the Zn, Cu and Mn absorption was not affected by TA feeding. It is also demonstrated that liver Fe, but not the Zn, Cu and Mn contents, were lower in the TA groups than in the TA-free control group. Feeding TA slightly decreased the pH value of the cecal contents with an increase in the major short-chain fatty acid pool. About 15% of the ingested TA were recovered in the feces of each TA-fed group. Our results demonstrate that more than 10 g TA/kg diet induced anemia by reducing the Fe absorption, although there was no effect on the absorption of other important trace minerals. Our findings suggest that the usual intake of polyphenols is relatively safe, but that a high intake by supplementation or by dietary habit of tannin affects only the Fe level.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-09-2016
DOI: 10.3402/GHA.V9.33381
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/NYAS.14531
Publisher: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Date: 21-12-2015
DOI: 10.5588/PHA.15.0052
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/MCN.12277
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
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