Margaret Giles

Australian prison vocational education and training and returns to custody among male and female ex-prisoners: A cross-jurisdictional study

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 05-06-2018

DOI: 10.1177/0004865818779418

Abstract: The current study examined the impact of vocational education and training in the custody setting on returns to custody among Australian adult prisoners from selected jurisdictions. Vocational education and training, education, and behavioural change programme participation in custody and demographic and risk assessment data were provided by correctional services in four Australian states for 10,834 Australian prisoners released from custody in 2010–2011. This information was used to predict returns to custody by 2015–2016. Overall, the results showed that participating in vocational education and training in custody contributed to the likelihood of remaining custody free at two and five years post-release for both male and female prisoners. However, for males the relationship was moderated by risk level. These findings are discussed in the context of developing vocational education and training in prison settings to address the specific needs of in iduals and expectation of the wider community.

Telehealth for paediatric burn patients in rural areas

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.BURNS.2016.03.001

Abstract: Since 2005, the Western Australian paediatric burn unit has provided a state-wide clinical consultancy and support service for the assessment and management of acute and rehabilitative burn patients via its telehealth service. Since then, the use of this telehealth service has steadily increased as it has become imbedded in the model of care for paediatric burn patients. Primarily, the service involves acute and long term patient reviews conducted by the metropolitan-located burn unit in contact with health practitioners, advising patients and their families who reside outside the metropolitan area thereby avoiding unnecessary transfers and inpatient bed days. A further benefit of the paediatric burn service using telehealth is more efficient use of tertiary level burn unit beds, with only those patients meeting clinical criteria for admission being transferred. To conduct a retrospective audit of avoided transfers and bed days in 2005/06-2012/13 as a result of the use of the paediatric Burns Telehealth Service and estimate their cost savings in 2012/13. A retrospective chart audit identified activity, avoided unnecessary acute and scar review patient transfers, inpatient bed days and their associated avoided costs to the tertiary burn unit and patient travel funding. Over the period 2005/06-2012/13 the audit identified 4,905 avoided inpatient bed days, 364 avoided acute patient transfers and 1,763 avoided follow up review transfers for a total of 1,312 paediatric burn patients as a result of this telehealth service. This paper presents the derivation of these outcomes and an estimation of their cost savings in 2012/13 of AUD 1.89million. This study demonstrates avoided patient transfers, inpatient bed days and associated costs as the result of an integrated burns telehealth service.

The role of art education in adult prisons: The Western Australian experience

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-11-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11159-016-9604-3

Ageing Intensifies the Care Needs of Adults Living with Parkinson ’s Disease and their Carers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 14-01-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S12126-014-9217-8

School cost functions: A meta-regression analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.ECONEDUREV.2007.05.006

The Impact of Vocational Education and Training Programs on Recidivism: A Systematic Review of Current Experimental Evidence

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 13-05-2016

DOI: 10.1177/0306624X16645083

Abstract: Although the association between unemployment and offending is well established, relatively little is known about the impact of vocational education and training programs on re-offending, with much of the previous work in this area failing to control for, or correct, selection bias. This article reports the findings of a systematic review, which considers the findings of only those studies that have used experimental or quasi-experimental designs to evaluate vocational training and employment program outcomes for adult offenders. The analysis identifies key features, based on these studies, of those programs associated with the best outcomes and recommends selection criteria for those who are most likely to benefit from prison vocational education and training.

Is there an economic case for investing in nursing care – what does the literature tell us?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-11-2014

DOI: 10.1111/JAN.12577

Prisoners’ Labour Market History and Aspirations: A Focus on Western Australia*

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-02-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1475-4932.2007.00374.X

Are estimates of the value of a statistical life exaggerated?

Publisher: No publisher found

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.JHEALECO.2011.10.001

Abstract: The magnitude of the value of a statistical life (VSL) is critical to the evaluation of many health and safety initiatives. To date, the large and rigorous VSL research literature has not explicitly accommodated publication selectivity bias (i.e., the reduced probability that insignificant or negative VSL values are reported). This study demonstrates that doing so is essential. For studies that employ hedonic wage equations to estimate VSL, correction for selection bias reduces the average value of a statistical life by 70-80%. Our meta-regression analysis also identifies several sources for the wide heterogeneity found among reported VSL estimates.

Psychometric Properties of Scheier and Carver's Life Orientation Test in a Sample of Australian Prisoners

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 08-2008

DOI: 10.2466/PR0.103.1.305-322

Abstract: The psychometric properties of Scheier and Carver's 1985 Life Orientation Test (LOT), which is a measure of optimism, were examined as part of a study of education, training, work experience, and expectations of sentenced adult prisoners in Western Australia. All prisoners at five metropolitan public prisons were invited to participate and 453 accepted. This represented a response rate overall of about 41%, with response rates at each of the in idual prisons ranging from 13% to 90%. The average age of the prisoner s le was 34.4 yr. ( SD= 10.2 yr.). The proportion of men in the s le was 79.7%. Mean sentence length was 66.9 mo. (58.5 for women and 69.2 for men), and the number of months of sentence remaining averaged 44.4 mo. (41.0 for women and 45.3 for men). Means and standard deviations of the LOT scores for prisoners were similar to those of other groups, and demographic differences between prisoners were not statistically significantly related to scores. The internal reliability of the LOT scores was acceptable. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two-factor item-keying model fitted the prisoner data better than a one-factor model. However, the two factors did not simply reflect underlying optimism and pessimism constructs but were substantially affected by item keying.

SESSION 9B INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON CARE PRACTICE

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-2011

DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2011.615508

Impact of the Orthopaedic Nurse Practitioner role on acute hospital length of stay and cost-savings for patients with hip fracture: A retrospective cohort study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-06-2017

DOI: 10.1111/JAN.13330

Abstract: To compare acute hospital length of stay and cost-savings for patients with hip fracture before and after commencement of the Orthopaedic Nurse Practitioner and identify variables that increase length of stay in hospital. Globally, hip fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Whilst the practical benefits of the Orthopaedic Nurse Practitioner have been anecdotally shown, an analysis showing the cost-saving benefits has yet to be published. A retrospective cohort study. Data from two population-based cohorts (2010, 2013) of hip fracture patients aged ≥65 years were extracted from the electronic hospital database at a large Western Australian tertiary metropolitan hospital. Multivariate linear regression was used to model factors affecting length of stay in hospital. A simple economic analysis was undertaken and cost-savings were estimated. For comparison (n = 354) and intervention (n = 301) groups, average age was 84 years and over 70% were female. Analyses showed length of stay was shorter in 2013 compared with 2010 (4.4-5.3 days). Shorter length of stay was associated with type of procedure and surgery within 24-hr and longer length of stay was associated with co-morbid conditions of pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, dementia, anaemia on admission and complications of delirium, urinary tract infection, myocardial infarction and pneumonia. The cost-savings to the hospital over one year was $354,483 and the net annual cost-savings per patient was $1,178. Implementation of the Orthopaedic Nurse Practitioner role for care of hip fracture patients can reduce acute hospital length of stay resulting in important cost-savings.

Development and Initial Validation of the Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 24-02-2011

DOI: 10.1093/GERONA/GLR019

Abstract: Fear of falling scales typically have a strong floor effect in active people and use short phrases to state overall context of fear-related activities. We developed the Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES), which includes more demanding activities and uses pictures to provide more complete environmental contexts. Two-hundred and fifty community-dwelling older people (70-90 years) were assessed on the Icon-FES in conjunction with the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Overall structure and measurement properties of the 30-item Icon-FES (evaluated with item-response theory) were good. It measured a single factor with 2 dimensions assessing fear about less and more demanding daily activities. It had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and excellent test-retest reliability. The Icon-FES distribution was considerably closer to normal compared with FES-I, indicating absence of floor and ceiling effects. Construct validity of the Icon-FES was supported by its relation with FES-I and its ability to discriminate between groups relating to demographic characteristics and fall risk factors. A shortened 10-item Icon-FES showed similar psychometric properties to the 30-item Icon-FES. The Icon-FES is an innovative way of assessing fear of falling using pictures to describe a range of activities and situations. This initial validation study showed that the Icon-FES has excellent psychometric properties and showed close continuity with the FES-I. Main advantages of the Icon-FES over the FES-I are its normal distribution and its ability to assess fear of falling in high functioning older people.

Building Design and the Lived Experience of People with Neurodegenerative Disorders in Western Australia

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-2008

DOI: 10.3763/ASRE.2008.5127

The Efficacy of Outsourced Employment Services for Adults Exiting Australian Prisons

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 22-06-2022

DOI: 10.1177/0306624X221102840

Abstract: Crime rates in Australia have declined or been steady over the past decade yet prison populations are at all-time highs. Similarly, unemployment rates have been low but unemployment for those ex-prisoners seeking work is very high. In this paper, we draw on the findings of an Australia-wide survey of government-funded employment service providers who support working-aged Australians including ex-prisoners in their search for work. We find that the heterogeneity of the needs of ex-prisoners coupled with the frugality and inflexibility of government policies and practices frustrates the abilities of these agencies to provide services to this target group.

Evaluation of the Neurodegenerative Conditions Coordinated Care Program (NCCCP) in Western Australia: Barriers to better service provision

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.EVALPROGPLAN.2011.06.005

Abstract: This paper details a 2009-2010 evaluation of the Neurodegenerative Conditions Coordinated Care Program (NCCCP) commissioned by the Disability Services Commission (DSC) in Western Australia (WA). The program, run by the Multiple Sclerosis Society of WA (Inc.) provides in-home care and supports and respite for people who are under the age of sixty-five and diagnosed with a rapidly degenerative neurological condition. In 2009, the identified barriers to the better provision of services included: shortage of quality out-of-home respite providers, and convoluted paperwork requirements to qualify for the program. Some service providers were unaware of the program and so were not referring them into the NCCCP, a number of service providers were unwilling to refer their clients into the program, neurologists were unwilling to give a final diagnosis for a client, that would enable them to qualify for the service, there was a general lack of knowledge about what services were available in the general community, and existing equipment pools were under-resourced. In 2010, the study found that most of the issues had been addressed however, out-of-home respite services were still very limited especially in rural areas, and the eligibility criteria for entry to the program is confined to those 65 years and under. This paper discusses the issues that still remain with the program as ex les of barriers to better provision of services.

Impact and costs of home‐based trial of void compared with the day care setting

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-09-2014

DOI: 10.1111/JAN.12525

Abstract: This paper presents the relative merits and comparative costs of conducting trial of void using Hospital-In-The-Home vs. the Day Procedure Unit. Hospitals increasingly discharge patients with acute urinary retention with indwelling urinary catheters. For these to be removed and patients supported to return to normal urinary function, outpatient or in-home services are used. To date, the relative effectiveness and costs of Hospital-In-The-Home care and Day Procedure Unit care for trial of void have not been examined. This retrospective study used a static-group comparison design. Hospital administrative data from 1 February 2009-30 March 2011 for patients having trial of void in the Day Procedure Unit (n = 107) and Hospital-In-The-Home (n = 163) of a tertiary hospital in Western Australia were compared in terms of patient outcomes and costs. Day Procedure Unit patients had longer wait times than Hospital-In-The-Home patients there was no difference between the two groups for average per patient days of service or successful first trials. Hospital-In-The-Home care did not increase the overall period of care. Per patient average ward-equivalent cost in the Day Procedure Unit was A$396 higher than the Hospital-In-The-Home ward-equivalent cost. The average cost saving per patient for Hospital-In-The-Home care including trial of void cost and emergency department visits was A$117. Patient outcomes from Hospital-In-The-Home trial of void in low-risk patients were comparable to those of Day Procedure Unit care and less costly. Hospital-In-The-Home care for this well-defined procedure could permit more efficient management of patient throughput.

An Observational Study of Bail Decision-Making

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 07-2005

DOI: 10.1375/PPLT.12.2.319

Driver speed compliance in Western Australia: a multivariate analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2004

DOI: 10.1016/J.TRANPOL.2003.11.002

Evaluation of an Australian neurological nurse‐led model of postdischarge care

Publisher: Hindawi Limited

Date: 10-07-2022

DOI: 10.1111/HSC.13498

Abstract: Neurological disorders are a leading cause of disease burden worldwide, placing a heavy demand on health systems. This study evaluated the impacts and cost savings of a community-based nursing service providing supported discharge for neurological patients deemed high-risk for unplanned emergency department presentations and/or hospital readmissions. It focused on adult patients with stroke, epilepsy, migraine/headache or functional neurological disorders discharged from a Western Australian tertiary hospital. An observational design was used comprising prospective enrolment of patients receiving nurse-led supported discharge and follow-up (Neurocare), 21 August 2018 to 6 December 2019 (N = 81), and hospital administrative data, 1 February 2016 to 31 January 2018, for patients in previous care model (N = 740). Healthcare utilisation and annualised cost savings from reduced rehospitalisation and/or emergency department presentations within 28 days post discharge were compared. Neurocare patients' postdischarge functional and health-related quality of life outcomes, and perceived involvement in self-management and integrated care were surveyed. The hospital's total cost savings are A$101,639 per annum and A$275 atient/year with a return on investment of 2.01. There was no significant difference in hospital length of stay (LOS) between models, but older age was associated with longer length of hospital stay and a predictor for non-neurological readmissions. Neurocare patients showed improved functional status, less equipment and/or service needs, improved health-related quality of life. They felt involved in self-managing their condition with well-integrated postdischarge care. This nurse-led model of transitional care for neurology patients discharged from hospital produced cost savings and a positive return on investment compared with usual care. With service maturity, earlier supported hospital discharge and reduced LOS may follow. Patients' reduced service needs and improved functional status and health-related quality of life may positively impact healthcare utilisation. Future research should include larger patient s les and multiple sites.

Correcting for selectivity bias in the estimation of road crash costs

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 07-2003

DOI: 10.1080/0003684032000090717

Edith Cowan University

Location: Australia

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Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0882673

Start Date: 03-2008

End Date: 03-2010

Amount: $60,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0349175

Start Date: 11-2003

End Date: 12-2007

Amount: $193,035.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP140100329

Start Date: 10-2014

End Date: 12-2017

Amount: $304,221.00

Funder: Australian Research Council