ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4508-8646
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Optical Physics | Nanophotonics | Nanotechnology | Optics And Opto-Electronic Physics | Nanotechnology | Optical Physics Not Elsewhere Classified | Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications | Photonics and Electro-Optical Engineering (excl. Communications) | Classical Physics | Nanoscale Characterisation | Functional Materials | Materials Engineering | Lasers and Quantum Electronics | Electrostatics and Electrodynamics | Nanofabrication, Growth and Self Assembly | Quantum Optics And Lasers | Fluidization And Fluid Mechanics | Other Electronic Engineering | Interdisciplinary Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Photonic and electro-optical devices sensors and systems (excl. communications) | Electronics sensors and digital hardware | Electronic device and system performance evaluation testing and simulation | Quantum Optics | Nonlinear Optics and Spectroscopy | Microwave and Millimetrewave Theory and Technology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Physical sciences | Integrated circuits and devices | Scientific instrumentation | Network switching equipment | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Other | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Communication equipment not elsewhere classified | Energy Conservation and Efficiency not elsewhere classified | Telecommunications | Road Safety | Solar-photoelectric | Emerging Defence Technologies | Fixed Line Data Networks and Services | Automotive Equipment | Clinical health not specific to particular organs, diseases and conditions | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Scientific Instruments | Integrated Circuits and Devices |
Related Links
Publications
Steering and Encoding the Polarization of the Second Harmonic in the Visible with a Monolithic LiNbO3 Metasurface
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-02-2021
Optical metasurfaces: new generation building blocks for multi-functional optics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41377-018-0058-1
Abstract: Optical metasurfaces (OMs) have emerged as promising candidates to solve the bottleneck of bulky optical elements. OMs offer a fundamentally new method of light manipulation based on scattering from resonant nanostructures rather than conventional refraction and propagation, thus offering efficient phase, polarization, and emission control. This perspective highlights state of the art OMs and provides a roadmap for future applications, including active generation, manipulation and detection of light for quantum technologies, holography and sensing.
Tilted response of fishnet metamaterials at near-infrared optical wavelengths
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 05-03-2010
The current understanding of precision medicine and personalised medicine in selected research disciplines: study protocol of a systematic concept analysis
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-060326
Abstract: The terms ‘precision medicine’ and ‘personalised medicine’ have become key terms in health-related research and in science-related public communication. However, the application of these two concepts and their interpretation in various disciplines are heterogeneous, which also affects research translation and public awareness. This leads to confusion regarding the use and distinction of the two concepts. Our aim is to provide a snapshot of the current understanding of these concepts. Our study will use Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis to systematically examine the current understanding of the concepts ‘precision medicine’ and ‘personalised medicine’ in clinical medicine, biomedicine (incorporating genomics and bioinformatics), health services research, physics, chemistry, engineering, machine learning and artificial intelligence, and to identify their respective attributes (clusters of characteristics) and surrogate and related terms. A systematic search of the literature will be conducted for 2016–2022 using databases relevant to each of these disciplines: ACM Digital Library, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, F1000Research, IEEE Xplore, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. These are among the most representative databases for the included disciplines. We will examine similarities and differences in definitions of ‘precision medicine’ and ‘personalised medicine’ in the respective disciplines and across (sub)disciplines, including attributes of each term. This will enable us to determine how these two concepts are distinguished. Following ethical and research standards, we will comprehensively report the methodology for a systematic analysis following Rodgers’ concept analysis method. Our systematic concept analysis will contribute to the clarification of the two concepts and distinction in their application in given settings and circumstances. Such a broad concept analysis will contribute to non-systematic syntheses of the concepts, or occasional systematic reviews on one of the concepts that have been published in specific disciplines, in order to facilitate interdisciplinary communication, translational medical research and implementation science.
Nonlinear Bloch modes in two-dimensional photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.001913
Abstract: We generate experimentally different types of two-dimensional Bloch waves of a square photonic lattice by employing the phase imprinting technique.We probe the local dispersion of the Bloch modes in the photonic lattice by analyzing the linear diffraction of beams associated with the high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone, and also distinguish the regimes of normal, anomalous, and anisotropic diffraction through observations of nonlinear self-action effects.
Spectral photonic lattices with complex long-range coupling
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 20-11-2017
Observation of surface gap solitons
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Polarization-independent Fano resonances in arrays of core-shell nanoparticles
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 13-08-2012
Polarization Engineering of Entangled Photons from a Lithium Niobate Nonlinear Metasurface
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-08-2023
High-Order Harmonic Generation Yielding Tunable Extreme-Ultraviolet Radiation of High Spectral Purity
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 14-10-2003
Forward and Backward Switching of Nonlinear Unidirectional Emission from GaAs Nanoantennas.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-12-2020
Abstract: High-index III-V semiconductor nanoantennas have gained great attention for enhanced nonlinear light-matter interactions, in the past few years. However, the complexity of nonlinear emission profiles imposes severe constraints on practical applications, such as in optical communications and integrated optoelectronic devices. These complexities include the lack of unidirectional nonlinear emission and the severe challenges in switching between forward and backward emissions, due to the structure of the susceptibility tensor of the III-V nanoantennas. Here, we propose a solution to both issues via engineering the nonlinear tensor of the nanoantennas. The special nonlinear tensorial properties of zinc-blende material can be used to engineer the nonlinear characteristics via growing the nanoantennas along different crystalline orientations. Based on the nonlinear multipolar effect, we have designed and fabricated (110)-grown GaAs nanoantennas, with engineered tensorial properties, embedded in a transparent low-index material. Our technique provides an approach not only for unidirectional second-harmonic generation (SHG) forward or backward emission but also for switching from one to another. Importantly, switching the SHG emission directionality is obtained only by rotating the polarization of the incident light, without the need for physical variation of the antennas or the environment. This characteristic is an advantage, as compared to other nonlinear nanoantennas, including (100)- and (111)-grown III-V counterparts or silicon and germanium nanoantennas. Indeed, (110)-GaAs nanoantennas allow for engineering the nonlinear nanophotonic systems including nonlinear "Huygens metasurfaces" and offer exciting opportunities for various nonlinear nanophotonics technologies, such as nanoscale light routing and light sources, as well as multifunctional flat optical elements.
Reversible Image Contrast Manipulation with Thermally Tunable Dielectric Metasurfaces.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2019
Abstract: Increasing demand for higher resolution of miniaturized displays requires techniques achieving high contrast tunability of the images. Employing metasurfaces for image contrast manipulation is a new and rapidly growing field of research aiming to address this need. Here, a new technique to achieve image tuning in a reversible fashion is demonstrated by dielectric metasurfaces composed of subwavelength resonators. It is demonstrated that by controlling the temperature of a metasurface the encoded transmission pattern can be tuned. To this end, two sets of nanoresonators composed of nonconcentric silicon disks with a hole that exhibit spectrally sharp Fano resonances and forming a Yin-Yang pattern are designed and fabricated. Through exploitation of the thermo-optical properties of silicon, full control of the contrast of the Yin-Yang image is demonstrated by altering the metasurface temperature by ΔT ≈ 100 °C. This is the first demonstrated technique to control an image contrast by temperature. Importantly, the turning technique does not require manipulating the external stimulus, such as polarization or angle of the illumination and/or the refractive index of this environment. These results open many opportunities for transparent displays, optical switches, and tunable illumination systems.
Nonlinear Spectral-Spatial Control and Localization of Supercontinuum Radiation
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 18-09-2007
Directional nonlinear wave transport in photonic lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Spatio-temporal dynamics of laser pulses in lithium niobate waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Enabling smart vision with metasurfaces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-12-2023
Generation of white-light optical vortices through cascaded four-wave mixing
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Controlled generation and steering of spatial gap solitons
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-08-2004
Infrared metamaterials tuned by liquid crystals
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2010
Observation of topological transformations of optical vortices in two-dimensional photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 04-09-2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.008317
Abstract: We study interaction of a discrete vortex with a supporting photonic lattice and analyze how the combined action of the lattice periodicity and the medium nonlinearity can modify the vortex structure. In particular, we describe theoretically and observe in experiment, for the first time to our knowledge, the nontrivial topological transformations of the discrete vortex including the flipping of vortex charge and inversion of its orbital angular momentum. We also demonstrate the stabilizing effect of the interaction with the so-called "mixed" optically-induced photonic lattices on the vortex propagation and topological structure.
Excited State Biexcitons in Atomically Thin MoSe2
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-07-2017
Abstract: The tightly bound biexcitons found in atomically thin semiconductors have very promising applications for optoelectronic and quantum devices. However, there is a discrepancy between theory and experiment regarding the fundamental structure of these biexcitons. Therefore, the exploration of a biexciton formation mechanism by further experiments is of great importance. Here, we successfully triggered the emission of biexcitons in atomically thin MoSe
Terahertz focusing of multiple wavelengths by graphene metasurfaces
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 18-01-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4940231
Abstract: Metasurfaces can achieve nearly arbitrary wavefront control based on manipulation of the wave phase profile. We propose a metasurface based on double graphene cut-wire resonators which can cover the complete 2π phase region with high reflection efficiency. This full phase coverage is essential for efficient wavefront manipulation, without reflecting energy into unwanted channels. A mirror capable of focusing multiple wavelengths is demonstrated numerically based on the proposed structure. The mirror can effectively focus terahertz (THz) waves from 1.2 to 1.9 THz to the same focal point by changing the Fermi level of each graphene resonator separately. The presented metasurface could provide a powerful platform for controlling THz waves, including focusing, beam steering, beam shaping, and holography.
Quantum metasurface for multiphoton interference and state reconstruction
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 14-09-2018
Abstract: Metasurfaces should allow wafer-thin surfaces to replace bulk optical components. Two reports now demonstrate that metasurfaces can be extended into the quantum optical regime. Wang et al. determined the quantum state of multiple photons by simply passing them through a dielectric metasurface, scattering them into single-photon detectors. Stav et al. used a dielectric metasurface to generate entanglement between spin and orbital angular momentum of single photons. The results should aid the development of integrated quantum optic circuits operating on a nanophotonic platform. Science , this issue p. 1104 , p. 1101
Nonlinear beam steering by fractional vortex dipoles
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 25-11-2009
Transverse phase-matched second-harmonic generation from counterpropagating beams for characterising ultrashort pulses
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
On The Cavitation and Pore Blocking in Cylindrical Pores with Simple Connectivity
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-09-2011
DOI: 10.1021/JP2068304
Abstract: We present a grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation of argon adsorption in connected cylindrical pores at 87.3 K. A number of pore models are constructed from various components: finite cylinder, finite cone, and flat surface. In the case of two cylinders of different sizes connected to each other with open ends, the adsorption isotherm can be described by a combination of two independent pores, the smaller of which is opened at both ends while the larger one is closed at one end. The adsorption isotherm depends on the relative size between the two sections of the connected pore. In the case of a cavity connected to the bulk surrounding gas via one or two narrower cylindrical necks, the phenomenon of either pore blocking or cavitation is observed, depending on the relative size between the neck and the cavity. If the neck size is smaller than a critical size, D(c), we observe cavitation, while pore blocking is observed when it is greater than D(c). This is due to the dominance of one of two mechanisms for removal of the adsorbates: either the receding of the menisci or the stretching of the fluid in the cavity. We also explore the effects of neck length and cavity length on the adsorption isotherm and conclude that while the neck length has a negligible effect on cavitation, it is of considerable importance when pore blocking occurs, because this process is controlled by the formation and movement of the meniscus in the pore neck. The effect of cavity length is found to be negligible in both cases.
Frequency doubling by nonlinear diffraction in nonlinear photonic crystals
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Self-focusing and filamentation of optical vortex beams: Spatio-temporal analysis
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-10-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.851352
Pulse spectral mapping with frequency doubling in random media
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Stabilization of counterpropagating solitons in periodic photonic lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Nonlocal gap soliton in liquid infiltrated photonic crystal fibres
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2008
Observation of polychromatic gap solitons generated by supercontinuum light
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Demonstration of all-optical beam steering in modulated photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-05-2006
DOI: 10.1364/OL.31.001498
Abstract: We demonstrate experimentally all-optical beam steering in modulated photonic lattices induced optically by three-beam interference in a biased photorefractive crystal. We identify and characterize the key physical parameters governing the beam steering and show that the spatial resolution can be enhanced by the additional effect of nonlinear beam self-localization.
Complex-Birefringent Dielectric Metasurfaces for Arbitrary Polarization-Pair Transformations
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-10-2020
Observation of polychromatic vortex solitons
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-08-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OL.33.001851
Abstract: We demonstrate experimentally the formation of polychromatic single- and double-charge optical vortex solitons by employing a lithium niobate crystal as a nonlinear medium with defocusing nonlinearity. We study the wavelength dependence of the vortex core localization and observe self-trapping of polychromatic vortices with a bandwidth spanning over more than 70 nm for single-charge and 180 nm for double-charge vortex solitons.
Spatiotemporal toroidal waves from the transverse second-harmonic generation
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 29-02-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OL.33.000527
Abstract: We study the second-harmonic generation via transversely matched interaction of two counterpropagating ultrashort pulses in chi(2) photonic structures. We show that the emitted second-harmonic wave attains the form of spatially expanding toroid with the initial thickness given by the cross correlation of the pulses. We demonstrate the formation of such toroidal waves in crystals with random ferroelectric domains as well as in annularly poled nonlinear photonic structures.
Quadratic solitons as nonlocal solitons
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 29-09-2003
Optical Limiting Sensor Based on Multilayer Optimization of Ag/VO2 Phase Change Material
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2023
Modulational instability, solitons and beam propagation in spatially nonlocal nonlinear media
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2004
Magnetic hyperbolic optical metamaterials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-04-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS11329
Abstract: Strongly anisotropic media where the principal components of electric permittivity or magnetic permeability tensors have opposite signs are termed as hyperbolic media. Such media support propagating electromagnetic waves with extremely large wave vectors exhibiting unique optical properties. However, in all artificial and natural optical materials studied to date, the hyperbolic dispersion originates solely from the electric response. This restricts material functionality to one polarization of light and inhibits free-space impedance matching. Such restrictions can be overcome in media having components of opposite signs for both electric and magnetic tensors. Here we present the experimental demonstration of the magnetic hyperbolic dispersion in three-dimensional metamaterials. We measure metamaterial isofrequency contours and reveal the topological phase transition between the elliptic and hyperbolic dispersion. In the hyperbolic regime, we demonstrate the strong enhancement of thermal emission, which becomes directional, coherent and polarized. Our findings show the possibilities for realizing efficient impedance-matched hyperbolic media for unpolarized light.
Highly-Efficient Longitudinal Second-Harmonic Generation from Doubly-Resonant AlGaAs Nanoantennas
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-09-2018
Abstract: We design an asymmetric nonlinear optical nanoantenna composed of a dielectric nanodisc and an adjacent nanobar. The proposed composite structure made of AlGaAs exhibits resonant response at both the fundamental and doubled frequencies. Being driven by the strong magnetic dipole resonance at the pump wavelength and a high-quality mode at the harmonic wavelength, the efficient second-harmonic radiation is generated predominantly along the vertical directions under the normally incident plane-wave excitation.
Nonlinear Diffraction from a Virtual Beam
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-02-2010
Interface Solitons in Electro-Optically ConfigurableWaveguide Arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Filamentation and supercontinuum generation by singular beams in self-focusing nonlinear media
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 28-04-2011
Near-field mapping of Airy plasmons
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Landau-zener tunnelling dynamics in hexagonal photonic lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Magneto-Optical Response Enhanced by Mie Resonances in Nanoantennas
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-09-2017
Diffraction-managed solitons and nonlinear beam diffusion in modulated waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2008
Shaping the Nonlinear Emission Pattern of a Dielectric Nanoantenna by Integrated Holographic Gratings
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-10-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.8B02432
Abstract: We demonstrate the shaping of the second-harmonic (SH) radiation pattern from a single AlGaAs nanodisk antenna using coplanar holographic gratings. The SH radiation emitted from the antenna toward the-otherwise forbidden-normal direction can be effectively redirected by suitably shifting the phase of the grating pattern in the azimuthal direction. The use of such gratings allows increasing the SH power collection efficiency by 2 orders of magnitude with respect to an isolated antenna and demonstrates the possibility of intensity-tailoring for an arbitrary collection angle. Such reconstruction of the nonlinear emission from nanoscale antennas represents the first step toward the application of all-dielectric nanostructures for nonlinear holography.
Observation of nonlinear surface waves in modulated waveguide arrays
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-09-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OL.34.002751
Light control in plasmonic structures and metamaterials
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Nonlinear Anisotropic Dielectric Metasurfaces for Ultrafast Nanophotonics
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-2017
Lattice-controlled modulation instability in photorefractive feedback systems
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 21-10-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OL.35.003568
Time-resolved ultrafast all-optical switching in directional couplers with second-order nonlinearity
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Electrically-tunable solid-state metasurfaces via flash localised heating
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 24-05-2022
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-1665364/V1
Abstract: Metasurfaces have recently realised many revolutionary applications such as metalenses, equation solvers, beam shapers, and holographic projection.1–4 However, the conventional metasurfaces are monotask due to their fixed dimensions. Therefore, realising multitask metasurfaces for applications such as beam steering, optical switches and meta-displays, which require fast and dynamic reconfigurability, has bottlenecked. To address this technological challenge, there has been a quest to enable tunability via mechanical tilting or stretching the s les, rotating the illumination angle or the incident light polarisation, use of chemical reactions, and others.5–8 However, most of these approaches still suffer from slow tuning rate, weak modulation, and bulky or non-solid state components. Here, we introduce electrically tunable metasurfaces that offer up to 9 folds surge in transmission, i.e. 90% transmission modulation depth, with switching time µs, i.e. one order of magnitude faster than video frame rates. To realise such a breakthrough, we have driven the designed metasurface by V spiked voltage, asymmetrically, for the first time in optoelectronics.
Broadband frequency doubling in unpoled SBN crystals in the thermal focusing regime
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2007
Opto-thermal dynamics of thin-film optical limiters based on the VO2 phase transition
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 06-12-2022
DOI: 10.1364/OME.472347
Abstract: Protection of human eyes or sensitive detectors from high-intensity laser radiation is an important challenge in modern light technologies. Metasurfaces have proved to be valuable tools for such light control, but the actual possibility of merging multiple materials in the nanofabrication process hinders their application. Here we propose and numerically investigate the opto-thermal properties of plane multilayered structures with phase-change materials for optical limiters. Our structure relies on thin-film VO 2 phase change material on top of a gold film and a sapphire substrate. We show how such a multi-layer structure can act as a self-activating device that exploits light-to-heat conversion to induce a phase change in the VO 2 layer. We implement a numerical model to describe the temporal evolution of the temperature and transmittivity across the device under both a continuous wave and pulsed illumination. Our results open new opportunities for multi-layer self-activating optical limiters and may be extended to devices based on other phase change materials or different spectral regions..
Broadband unidirectional scattering by magneto-electric core-shell nanoparticles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-05-2012
DOI: 10.1021/NN301398A
Abstract: Core-shell nanoparticles have attracted surging interests due to their flexibly tunable resonances and various applications in medical diagnostics, biosensing, nanolasers, and many other fields. The core-shell nanoparticles can support simultaneously both electric and magnetic resonances, and when the resonances are properly engineered, entirely new properties can be achieved. Here we study core-shell nanoparticles that support both electric and artificial magnetic dipolar modes, which are engineered to coincide spectrally with the same strength. We reveal that the interferences of these two resonances result in azimuthally symmetric unidirectional scattering, which can be further improved by arranging the nanoparticles in a chain, with both azimuthal symmetry and vanishing backward scattering preserved over a wide spectral range. We also demonstrate that the vanishing backward scattering is preserved, even for random particle distributions, which can find applications in the fields of nanoantennas, photovoltaic devices, and nanoscale lasers that require backward scattering suppressions.
Raman-nath nonlinear diffraction in second harmonic generation
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Control of pattern formation in a single feedback system by photonic bandgap structures
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 25-04-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.780969
Photon pair generation and quantum walks in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Observation of topological transformations of vortices in two-dimensional lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban environment: Occurrence, toxicity and source apportionment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2015.08.015
Abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a major class of toxic pollutants because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. People living in urban areas are regularly exposed to PAHs because of abundance of their emission sources. Within this context, this study aimed to: (i) identify and quantify the levels of ambient PAHs in an urban environment (ii) evaluate their toxicity and (iii) identify their sources as well as the contribution of specific sources to measured concentrations. Sixteen PAHs were identified and quantified in air s les collected from Brisbane. Principal Component Analysis - Absolute Principal Component Scores (PCA-APCS) was used in order to conduct source apportionment of the measured PAHs. Vehicular emissions, natural gas combustion, petrol emissions and evaporative/unburned fuel were the sources identified contributing 56%, 21%, 15% and 8% of the total PAHs emissions, respectively, all of which need to be considered for any pollution control measures implemented in urban areas.
Effect of nonlinearity on dynamic diffraction and interband coupling in two-dimensional hexagonal photonic lattices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 16-07-2012
Nonlinear control of light in periodic photonic structures: From waveguides to cavities
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2009
Focusing-to-defocusing crossover in nonlinear periodic structures
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 22-09-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OL.35.003213
Polychromatic nanofocusing of surface plasmons
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Soliton stripes in two-dimensional nonlinear photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 03-2004
DOI: 10.1364/OL.29.000486
Abstract: We study experimentally the interaction of a soliton with a nonlinear lattice. We observe the formation of a novel type of composite soliton created by strong coupling of mutually incoherent periodic and localized beam components. By imposing an initial transverse momentum on the soliton stripe, we observe the effect of lattice compression and deformation.
Supercontinuum generation with optical vortices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-08-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.018368
Fundamental limits for transmission modulation in VO2 metasurfaces
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 23-12-2022
DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.474328
Abstract: The interest in dynamic modulation of light by ultra-thin materials exhibiting insulator–metal phase transition, such as VO 2 , has rapidly grown due to the myriad industrial applications, including smart windows and optical limiters. However, for applications in the telecommunication spectral band, the light modulation through a thin VO 2 film is low due to the presence of strong material loss. Here, we demonstrate tailored nanostructuring of VO 2 to dramatically enhance its transmission modulation, reaching a value as high as 0.73, which is 2 times larger than the previous modulation achieved. The resulting designs, including free-topology optimization, demonstrate the fundamental limit in acquiring the desired optical performance, including achieving positive or negative transmission contrast. Our results on nanophotonic management of lossy nanostructured films open new opportunities for applications of VO 2 metasurfaces.
Light localization in azimuthally modulated Bessel photonic lattices
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2007
Lithium Niobate Meta-Optics
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-11-2022
Sum-Frequency Generation in High-Q GaP Metasurfaces Driven by Leaky-Wave Guided Modes
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-07-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.2C01349
Abstract: Resonant metasurfaces provide a unique platform for enhancing multiwave nonlinear interactions. However, the difficulties over mode matching and material transparency place significant challenges in the enhancement of these multiwave processes. Here we demonstrate efficient nonlinear sum-frequency generation (SFG) in multiresonant GaP metasurfaces based on guided-wave bound-state in the continuum resonances. The excitation of the metasurface by two near-infrared input beams generates strong SFG in the visible spectrum with a conversion efficiency of 2.5 × 10
Spatiotemporal control of light by Bloch-mode dispersion in multi-core fibers
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 11-04-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.005878
Abstract: We study theoretically the dispersion properties of Bloch modes and nonlinearly-induced defect states in two-dimensional waveguide arrays. We define the conditions for achieving anomalous group-velocity dispersion and discuss possibilities for generation of spatiotemporal solitons.
Resonant Dielectric Metagratings for Response Intensified Optical Sensing
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-08-2022
Abstract: The development of nanoscale optical sensors is desirable for a broad range of applications, including wearable medical‐diagnostics, biochemical detection, and environmental monitoring. Optical detection platforms based on resonant nanostructures are the golden standard for miniaturized footprint and high optical sensitivity. These sensors function by measuring a shift in resonance wavelength upon binding of analytes to their surface. However, such measurements are sensitive to intensity fluctuations of the illuminating source and its wavelength calibration, which limits their applicability. Here, a novel optical sensing concept based on diffraction measurements from resonant dielectric metagratings is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that this approach enables the direct measurement of unknown analytes with enhanced sensitivity and without the need for intensity calibrations. The intensified sensitivity of this metagrating‐sensor is derived from combining the resonant phenomena of the nanostructures with the tailored diffraction from the metagrating, thereby providing the highest sensitivity demonstrated to date amongst grating‐based sensors. As a proof of concept, the metagrating‐sensor was validated using an antibody binding assay, achieving a femtomolar‐level limit of detection. Due to their high sensitivity and robust performance, the proposed metagrating sensors pave the way for novel miniaturized medical diagnostics and biosensing applications.
Nonlinear integrated photonics
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.6.00NIP1
Observation of polychromatic gap solitons
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 14-04-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.005991
Abstract: We study theoretically and observe experimentally polychromatic gap solitons generated by supercontinuum light in an array of optical waveguides. The solitons are formed through a sharp transition from diffraction-induced broadening and color separation to the simultaneous spatio-spectral localization of supercontinuum light inside the photonic bandgap with the formation of the characteristic staggered phase structure for all colors.
Nonlinear dynamics with higher-order modes in lithium niobate waveguide arrays
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2011
Active Tuning of Spontaneous Emission by Mie-Resonant Dielectric Metasurfaces
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-04-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.8B00475
Abstract: Mie-resonant dielectric metasurfaces offer comprehensive opportunities for the manipulation of light fields with high efficiency. Additionally, various strategies for the dynamic tuning of the optical response of such metasurfaces were demonstrated, making them important candidates for reconfigurable optical devices. However, dynamic control of the light-emission properties of active Mie-resonant dielectric metasurfaces by an external control parameter has not been demonstrated so far. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the dynamic tuning of spontaneous emission from a Mie-resonant dielectric metasurface that is situated on a fluorescent substrate and embedded into a liquid crystal cell. By switching the liquid crystal from the nematic state to the isotropic state via control of the cell temperature, we induce a shift of the spectral position of the metasurface resonances. This results in a change of the local photonic density of states, which, in turn, governs the enhancement of spontaneous emission from the substrate. Specifically, we observe spectral tuning of both the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, resulting in a 2-fold increase of the emission intensity at λ ≈ 900 nm. Our results demonstrate a viable strategy to realize flat tunable light sources based on dielectric metasurfaces.
Valley-selective directional emission from a transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayer mediated by a plasmonic nanoantenna
Publisher: Beilstein Institut
Date: 02-03-2018
DOI: 10.3762/BJNANO.9.71
Abstract: Background: Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with intrinsically crystal inversion-symmetry breaking have shown many advanced optical properties. In particular, the valley polarization in 2D TMDCs that can be addressed optically has inspired new physical phenomena and great potential applications in valleytronics. Results: Here, we propose a TMDC–nanoantenna system that could effectively enhance and direct emission from the two valleys in TMDCs into diametrically opposite directions. By mimicking the emission from each valley of the monolayer of WSe 2 as a chiral point-dipole emitter, we demonstrate numerically that the emission from different valleys is directed into opposite directions when coupling to a double-bar plasmonic nanoantenna. The directionality derives from the interference between the dipole and quadrupole modes excited in the two bars, respectively. Thus, we could tune the emission direction from the proposed TMDC–nanoantenna system by tuning the pumping without changing the antenna structure. Furthermore, we discuss the general principles and the opportunities to improve the average performance of the nanoantenna structure. Conclusion: The scheme we propose here can potentially serve as an important component for valley-based applications, such as non-volatile information storage and processing.
Tunable positive and negative refraction in optically induced photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1364/OL.30.002293
Abstract: We study tunable refraction of light in one-dimensional periodic lattices induced optically in a photorefractive crystal. We observe experimentally both positive and negative refraction of beams that selectively excite the first or second spectral bands of the periodic lattice, and we demonstrate tunability of the output beam position by dynamically adjusting the lattice depth. At higher laser intensities, beam broadening due to diffraction can be suppressed through nonlinear self-focusing while preserving the general steering properties.
Far‐Field Polarization Engineering from Nonlinear Nanoresonators
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2022
Abstract: Nanoresonators fabricated from low‐loss dielectrics with second‐order nonlinearity have emerged as a widespread platform for nonlinear frequency conversion at the nanoscale. However, a persisting challenge in this research is the generated complex far‐field polarization state of the upconverted light, which is a limiting factor in many applications. It will be highly desirable to generate uniform far‐field polarization states across all propagation directions, to control the polarization truly along the optical axis and to simultaneously be able to tune the polarization along the entire circumference of the Poincaré sphere by solely modifying the excitation polarization. Here, a nonlinear nanoresonator combining all these properties is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. At first, an analytical model connecting the induced multipolar content of a nanoresonator with a desired far‐field polarization is derived. Based on this, a nonlinear dielectric nanoresonator is designed to enable sum‐frequency generation (SFG) with highly pure and tuneable far‐field polarization states. In the experiment, the nanoresonators fabricated from the III‐V semiconductor gallium arsenide in (110)‐orientation are excited in an SFG scheme with in idually controllable excitation beams. The generation of highly uniform and tuneable far‐field polarization states is demonstrated by combining back‐focal plane measurements with Stokes polarimetry.
Post-processing approach for tuning multi-layered metamaterials
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 13-10-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4897949
Abstract: We propose a post-processing approach to efficiently tune the resonance frequency in double-layered terahertz metamaterials separated by a bonding agent. By heating the bonding agent, it is possible to move one metamaterial layer laterally with respect to the other. This changes the coupling between adjacent layers, thereby shifting the resonance frequency. The resonance frequency of the stacked layers continuously shifts as a function of the lateral displacement, reaching a maximum shift of 92 GHz (31% of the center frequency). We discuss the effects of vertical separation on the tunability of the two-layered structure. The post-processing approach is rather general and can be applied to different paired metamaterials in various wavelength ranges, paving the way to efficiently assemble and fine tune metamaterial sensors and filters.
Nonlinear dynamics of two-color optical vortices in lithium niobate crystals
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 03-04-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OE.16.005406
Abstract: We study experimentally the nonlinear dynamics of two-color optical vortex beams in the presence of second-harmonic generation combined with the effects of photo- and thermal refraction, as well as self- and induced-phase modulation. We use an iron-doped lithium niobate crystal as a nonlinear medium for the vortex propagation and observe experimentally, depending on the laser wavelength, a decay of a double-charge vortex, splitting and reshaping of background beam, pattern formation, and controllable nonlinear rotation of a vortex pair.
Spatial phase dislocations in femtosecond laser pulses
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2006
Nonlocal response of optical thermal nonlinearity
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Enhanced generation of angle correlated photon-pairs in nonlinear metasurfaces
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-2022
Abstract: We reveal that strongly enhanced generation of photon pairs with narrow frequency spectra and sharp angular correlations can be realised through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in metasurfaces. This is facilitated by creating meta-gratings through nano-structuring of nonlinear films of sub-wavelength thickness to support the extended bound state in the continuum resonances, associated with ultra-high Q -factors, at the biphoton wavelengths across a wide range of emission angles. Such spectral features of photons can be beneficial for various applications, including quantum imaging. Our modelling demonstrates a pronounced enhancement, compared to unpatterned films, of the total photon-pair generation rate normalized to the pump power reaching 1.75 kHz mW −1 , which is robust with respect to the angular bandwidth of the pump, supporting the feasibility of future experimental realisations.
Enhanced four-wave mixing from multi-resonant silicon dimer-hole membrane metasurfaces
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 03-2022
Abstract: Tailoring optically resonant features in dielectric metasurfaces unveils a robust scheme to control electromagnetic near fields of light and thus to boost the nanoscale nonlinear light–matter interactions. Membrane metasurfaces offer unique possibilities for supporting multipolar resonances and meanwhile maintaining high mode volume for enhancing nonlinear frequency conversion. Here we design a silicon membrane metasurface consisting of dimer airy holes, as a versatile platform for generating four-wave mixing (FWM). We show that such a metasurface exhibits a multi-resonant feature, including a quasi bound state in the continuum (BIC) generated by the collective toroidal dipole mode excited in the designed subdiffractive periodic system. We show that via employing the BIC mode in the short-wave infrared (SWIR), together with other resonant enhanced electric near fields in the near-infrared (NIR) region, simultaneously, one can convert invisible SWIR light to visible light radiation with high efficiency, via FWM. We experimentally demonstrated a significant FWM emission enhancement from our metasurface, which leads to a conversion efficiency of 0.76 × 10 −6 using pump and signal beam peak intensities as low as 0.33 GW cm −2 and 0.17 GW cm −2 , respectively. Our results open new routes for enhancing nonlinear efficiencies for up-conversion processes.
Generation of Bessel beams by parametric frequency doubling in annular nonlinear periodic structures
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.004132
Abstract: We analyze the second-harmonic generation in two-dimensional photonic structures with radially periodic domains created by poling of a nonlinear quadratic crystal. We demonstrate that the parametric conversion of the Gaussian fundamental beam propagating along the axis of the annular structure leads to the axial emission of the second-harmonic field in the form of the radially polarized first-order Bessel beam.
Manipulation of Magnetic Dipole Emission from Eu3+ with Mie-Resonant Dielectric Metasurfaces
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-01-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.8B04268
Abstract: Mie-resonant high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces have been suggested as a viable platform for enhancing both electric and magnetic dipole transitions of fluorescent emitters. While the enhancement of the electric dipole transitions by such dielectric nanoparticles has been demonstrated experimentally, the case of magnetic-dipole transitions remains largely unexplored. Here, we study the enhancement of spontaneous emission of Eu
Simultaneous fs pulse spectral broadening and third harmonic generation in highly nonlinear fibre: experiments and simulations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2008
Crossover from self-defocusing to discrete trapping in nonlinear waveguide arrays
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2006
Abstract: We predict a sharp crossover from nonlinear self-defocusing to discrete self-trapping of a narrow Gaussian beam with the increase of the refractive index contrast in a periodic photonic lattice. We demonstrate experimentally nonlinear discrete localization of light with defocusing nonlinearity by single site excitation in LiNbO(3) waveguide arrays.
Mutual spatial-soliton trapping in photorefractive media: Experiment versus theory
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2003
Boosting third-harmonic generation by a mirror-enhanced anapole resonator
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41377-018-0051-8
Abstract: We demonstrate that a dielectric anapole resonator on a metallic mirror can enhance the third harmonic emission by two orders of magnitude compared to a typical anapole resonator on an insulator substrate. By employing a gold mirror under a silicon nanodisk, we introduce a novel characteristic of the anapole mode through the spatial overlap of resonantly excited Cartesian electric and toroidal dipole modes. This is a remarkable improvement on the early demonstrations of the anapole mode in which the electric and toroidal modes interfere off-resonantly. Therefore, our system produces a significant near-field enhancement, facilitating the nonlinear process. Moreover, the mirror surface boosts the nonlinear emission via the free-charge oscillations within the interface, equivalent to producing a mirror image of the nonlinear source and the pump beneath the interface. We found that these improvements result in an extremely high experimentally obtained efficiency of 0.01%.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-03-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BJS/ZNAB101
Abstract: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351 best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733 best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840 best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.
Effects of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ANAE.15560
Abstract: We aimed to determine the impact of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre‐defined sub‐group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients who isolated pre‐operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS‐CoV‐2 incidence and high‐income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre‐operative testing use of COVID‐19‐free pathways or community SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care.
Nanostructured Dielectric Fractals on Resonant Plasmonic Metasurfaces for Selective and Sensitive Optical Sensing of Volatile Compounds
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-06-2018
Abstract: Advances in the understanding and fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures have led to a plethora of unprecedented optoelectronic and optochemical applications. Plasmon resonance has found widespread use in efficient optical transducers of refractive index changes in liquids. However, it has proven challenging to translate these achievements to the selective detection of gases, which typically adsorb non-specifically and induce refractive index changes below the detection limit. Here, it's shown that integration of tailored fractals of dielectric TiO
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion and quantum walks in arrays of quadratic nonlinear waveguides
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 10-01-2012
Bending light on a chip with airy plasmons
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3644218
Control of light transmission in laser-written phase-shifted Bragg grating couplers
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 11-04-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OL.36.001380
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and venous thromboembolism after surgery: an international prospective cohort study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ANAE.15563
Abstract: SARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery) recent (1–6 weeks before surgery) previous (≥7 weeks before surgery) or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS‐CoV‐2 and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS‐CoV‐2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri‐operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1–2.0)) and recent SARS‐CoV‐2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2–3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS‐CoV‐2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9–3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30‐day mortality (5.4 (95%CI 4.3–6.7)). In patients with SARS‐CoV‐2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri‐operative or recent SARS‐CoV‐2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.
Observation of Surface Gap Solitons in Semi-Infinite Waveguide Arrays
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-08-2006
Enhanced Four-Wave Mixing in Doubly Resonant Si Nanoresonators
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-04-2019
Transient guided-mode resonance metasurfaces with phase-transition materials
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 25-05-2023
DOI: 10.1364/OL.486733
Abstract: We investigate transient, photo-thermally induced metasurface effects in a planar thin-film multilayer based on a phase-transition material. Illumination of a properly designed multilayer with two obliquely incident and phase-coherent pulsed pumps induces a transient and reversible temperature pattern in the phase-transition layer. The deep periodic modulation of the refractive index, caused by the interfering pumps, produces a transient Fano-like spectral feature associated with a guided-mode resonance. A coupled opto-thermal model is employed to analyze the temporal dynamics of the transient metasurface and to evaluate its speed and modulation capabilities. Using near-infrared pump pulses with peak intensities of the order of 100 MW/cm 2 and duration of a few picoseconds, we find that the characteristic time scale of the transient metasurface is of the order of nanoseconds. Our results indicate that inducing transient metasurface effects in films of phase-transition materials can lead to new opportunities for dynamic control of quality ( Q )-factor in photonic resonances, and for light modulation and switching.
Polychromatic nonlinear surface modes generated by supercontinuum light
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.011265
Abstract: We study propagation of polychromatic light near the edge of a nonlinear waveguide array. We describe simultaneous spatial and spectral beam reshaping associated with power and wavelength-dependent tunneling between the waveguides. We present experimental verifications of the effects predicted theoretically including the first observation of supercontinuum nonlinear surface modes.
Optical switching in metal-slit arrays on nonlinear dielectric substrates
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-12-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OL.35.004211
Enhanced transmission of light through periodic and chirped lattices of nanoholes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Nonlinear Symmetry Breaking in Symmetric Oligomers
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-02-2017
Nonlinear optics and light localization in periodic photonic lattices
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1142/S0218863507003548
Abstract: We review the recent developments in the field of photonic lattices emphasizing their unique properties for controlling linear and nonlinear propagation of light. We draw some important links between optical lattices and photonic crystals pointing towards practical applications in optical communications and computing, beam shaping, and biosensing.
Enhanced second-harmonic generation from two-dimensional MoSe2 on a silicon waveguide
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2017
DOI: 10.1038/LSA.2017.60
Reduced-symmetry two-dimensional solitons in photonic lattices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 19-01-2006
Experiments on Gaussian beams and vortices in optically induced photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 07-2005
Timing of surgery following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: an international prospective cohort study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ANAE.15458
Abstract: Peri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0–2 weeks, 3–4 weeks and 5–6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1 (3.3–4.8), 3.9 (2.6–5.1) and 3.6 (2.0–5.2), respectively). Surgery performed ≥ 7 weeks after SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5 (0.9–2.1)). After a ≥ 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2–8.7) vs. 2.4% (95%CI 1.4–3.4) vs. 1.3% (95%CI 0.6–2.0), respectively). Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Patients with ongoing symptoms ≥ 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay.
Nonlinear Bloch-wave interaction and Bragg scattering in optically induced lattices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-03-2004
Experimental reconstruction of a nonlocal nonlinear response function of a thermal medium
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-03-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.727192
Shaping and control of polychromatic light in nonlinear photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-09-2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.013058
Abstract: Focus Serial: Frontiers of Nonlinear Optics We overview our recent results on spatio-spectral control, diffraction management, broadband switching, and self-trapping of polychromatic light in periodic photonic lattices in the form of rainbow gap solitons, polychromatic surface waves, and multigap color breathers. We show that an interplay of wave scattering from a periodic structure and interaction of multiple colors in media with slow nonlinear response can be used to selectively separate or combine different spectral components. We use an array of optical waveguides fabricated in a LiNbO(3) crystal to actively control the output spectrum of the supercontinuum radiation and generate polychromatic gap solitons through a sharp transition from spatial separation of spectral components to the simultaneous spatio-spectral localization of supercontinuum light. We also show that by introducing specially optimized periodic bending of waveguides in the longitudinal direction, one can manage the strength and type of diffraction in an ultra-broad spectral region and, in particular, realize the multicolor Talbot effect.
Third Harmonic Generation Enhanced by Multipolar Interference in Complementary Silicon Metasurfaces
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-2018
Transverse second-harmonic generation from disordered nonlinear crystals
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.2478/S11534-008-0073-6
Abstract: We investigate the transverse second-harmonic generation in as grown strontium barium niobate (SBN) crystals with a random structure of anti-parallel ferroelectric domains. We consider both, single and counter-propagating pulse geometries. We investigate polarization properties of the second harmonic signal and discuss applications of this process for short pulses characterization.
Multidimensional synthetic chiral-tube lattices via nonlinear frequency conversion
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41377-020-0299-7
Abstract: Geometrical dimensionality plays a fundamentally important role in the topological effects arising in discrete lattices. Although direct experiments are limited by three spatial dimensions, the research topic of synthetic dimensions implemented by the frequency degree of freedom in photonics is rapidly advancing. The manipulation of light in these artificial lattices is typically realized through electro-optic modulation yet, their operating bandwidth imposes practical constraints on the range of interactions between different frequency components. Here we propose and experimentally realize all-optical synthetic dimensions involving specially tailored simultaneous short- and long-range interactions between discrete spectral lines mediated by frequency conversion in a nonlinear waveguide. We realize triangular chiral-tube lattices in three-dimensional space and explore their four-dimensional generalization. We implement a synthetic gauge field with nonzero magnetic flux and observe the associated multidimensional dynamics of frequency combs, all within one physical spatial port. We anticipate that our method will provide a new means for the fundamental study of high-dimensional physics and act as an important step towards using topological effects in optical devices operating in the time and frequency domains.
Observation of nonlinear optical Tamm states in truncated photonic lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
A novel-type tunable and narrowband extreme ultraviolet radiation source based on high-harmonic conversion of picosecond laser pulses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
Bouncing plasmonic waves in half-parabolic potentials
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-12-2011
Nonlinear reflection of optical beams in the media with a thermal nonlinearity
Publisher: Pleiades Publishing Ltd
Date: 05-2009
Trapped Supercontinuum and Multi-Color Gap Solitons
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-2007
Observation of attraction between dark solitons
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 02-2006
Electrically Tunable Transparent Displays for Visible Light Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-05-2019
Far-field pattern formation by manipulating the topological charges of square-shaped optical vortex lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 29-01-2018
Pulse measurements by randomly quasi phase matched second harmonic generation in the regime of total internal reflection
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 20-08-2009
Circular dichroism in biological photonic crystals and cubic chiral nets
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 11-03-2011
Spatiotemporal light localization in infiltrated waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2008
Competing nonlinearities in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 13-11-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OL.34.003589
Light localization in Bessel photonic lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Observation of Discrete Vortex Solitons in Optically Induced Photonic Lattices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 08-03-0004
Plasmonic Airy beam manipulation in linear optical potentials
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 25-03-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OL.36.001164
Enhanced light–matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 08-03-2022
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS 2 , WS 2 , MoSe 2 , and WSe 2 , have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light–matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light–matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
Localization of light in optically-induced modulated Bessel lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Observation of diffraction-managed discrete solitons in curved waveguide arrays
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-09-2008
Degenerate four-wave mixing of optical vortices assisted by self-phase and cross-phase modulation
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 08-10-2010
DOI: 10.1117/12.881860
Two-dimensional self-trapped nonlinear photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.002851
Abstract: We predict theoretically and generate in a photorefractive crystal two-dimensional self-trapped periodic waves of different symmetries, including vortex lattices-patterns of phase dislocations with internal energy flows. We demonstrate that these nonlinear waves exist even with anisotropic nonlocal nonlinearity when the optically-induced periodic refractive index becomes highly anisotropic, and it depends on the orientation of the two-dimensional lattice relative to the crystallographic c-axis.
Temporal dynamics of all-optical switching in quadratic nonlinear directional couplers
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-03-2012
DOI: 10.1063/1.3696030
Abstract: We study the temporal dynamics of all-optical switching in nonlinear directional couplers in periodically poled lithium niobate. The characteristic features of such switching, including asymmetric pulse break-up and back-switching were measured in full agreement with the theoretical predictions. Based on the time-resolved measurement of intensity-dependent switching, finally the theoretically long-known continuous-wave switching curve has experimentally been confirmed.
Managing light in nonlinear disordered media
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-2007
Spatially entangled photon pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 29-07-2022
Abstract: Metasurfaces consisting of nanoscale structures are underpinning new physical principles for the creation and shaping of quantum states of light. Multiphoton states that are entangled in spatial or angular domains are an essential resource for many quantum applications however, their production traditionally relies on bulky nonlinear crystals. We predict and demonstrate experimentally the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate covered by a silica meta-grating. We measure the correlations of photon pairs and identify their spatial antibunching through violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, witnessing the presence of multimode entanglement. Simultaneously, the photon-pair rate is strongly enhanced by 450 times as compared to unpatterned films because of high-quality-factor resonances. These results pave the way to miniaturization of various quantum devices by incorporating ultrathin metasurfaces functioning as room temperature sources of quantum-entangled photons.
Refractive index sensing with Fano resonances in silicon oligomers
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 28-03-2017
Abstract: We demonstrate experimentally refractive index sensing with localized Fano resonances in silicon oligomers, consisting of six disks surrounding a central one of slightly different diameter. Owing to the low absorption and narrow Fano-resonant spectral features appearing as a result of the interference of the modes of the outer and the central disks, we demonstrate refractive index sensitivity of more than 150 nm RIU −1 with a figure of merit of 3.8. This article is part of the themed issue ‘New horizons for nanophotonics’.
Tuning the second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs nanodimers via non-radiative state optimization [Invited]
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 11-04-2018
DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.6.0000B6
Nonlinear photonic lattices in anisotropic nonlocal self-focusing media
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 15-04-2005
DOI: 10.1364/OL.30.000869
Abstract: We analyze theoretically and generate experimentally two-dimensional nonlinear lattices with periodic phase modulation in a photorefractive medium. The light-induced periodically modulated nonlinear refractive index is highly anisotropic and nonlocal, and it depends on the lattice orientation relative to the crystal axis. We discuss the stability of such induced photonic structures and their guiding properties.
Nonlinear surface waves in curved waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Optical vortex solitons and nonlinear Aharonov-Bohm effect
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-05-2001
DOI: 10.1117/12.428268
Broadband femtosecond frequency doubling in random media
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-11-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2374678
Abstract: The authors demonstrate broadband femtosecond phase-matched noncollinear second-harmonic generation (SHG) in strontium barium niobate crystals with random ferroelectric domains. The process is similar to femtosecond SHG in ultrathin crystals, but it results in higher efficiency and exact mapping of the spectrum of the fundamental field into the spectrum of the second harmonics, even for pulses with complex spectral profiles. The observed parametric conversion process can be used as an efficient frequency mapping from infrared to visible for the femtosecond pulse monitoring.
Tunable diffraction and self-defocusing in liquid-filled photonic crystal fibers
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.012145
Abstract: We suggest and demonstrate a novel platform for the study of tunable nonlinear light propagation in two-dimensional discrete systems, based on photonic crystal fibers filled with high index nonlinear liquids. Using the infiltrated cladding region of a photonic crystal fiber as a nonlinear waveguide array, we experimentally demonstrate highly tunable beam diffraction and thermal self-defocusing, and realize a compact all-optical power limiter based on a tunable nonlinear response.
Second harmonic generation in monolithic lithium niobate metasurfaces
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 30-10-2019
DOI: 10.1364/OE.27.033391
Discrete self-trapping vs. defocusing in nonlinear waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
<title>Optical lattices as nonlinear photonic crystals</title>
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-03-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.726976
Monolithic Silicon Carbide Metalenses
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-04-2022
Plasmonic analogue of quantum paddle balls
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Diffraction control in periodically curved two-dimensional waveguide arrays
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 20-07-2007
DOI: 10.1364/OE.15.009737
Abstract: We study propagation of light beams in two-dimensional photonic lattices created by periodically curved waveguide arrays. We demonstrate that by designing the waveguide bending, one can control not only the strength and sign of the beam diffraction, but also to engineer the effective geometry and even dimensionality of the two-dimensional photonic lattice. We reveal that diffraction of different spectral components of polychromatic light can display completely different patterns in the same periodically modulated structure, e.g. one-dimensional, hexagonal, or rectangular. Our results suggest novel opportunities for efficient self-collimation, focusing, and reshaping of light beams in two-dimensional photonic structures.
Multiorder nonlinear diffraction in frequency doubling processes
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 13-03-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OL.34.000848
Abstract: We analyze experimentally light scattering from chi(2) nonlinear gratings and observe two types of second-harmonic frequency-scattering processes. The first process is identified as Raman-Nath type nonlinear diffraction that is explained by applying only transverse phase-matching conditions. The angular position of this type of diffraction is defined by the ratio of the second-harmonic wavelength and the grating period. In contrast, the second type of nonlinear scattering process is explained by the longitudinal phase matching only, being insensitive to the nonlinear grating period.
Second harmonic generation in periodic and aperiodic transversely poled crystals
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Complete spectral gap in coupled dielectric waveguides embedded into metal
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-07-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3458694
Abstract: We study a plasmonic coupler involving backward (TM01) and forward (HE11) modes of dielectric waveguides embedded into an infinite metallic background. The simultaneously achievable contradirectional energy flows and codirectional phase velocities in different channels lead to a spectral gap, despite the absence of periodic structures along the waveguide. We demonstrate that a complete spectral gap can be achieved in a symmetric structure composed of four coupled waveguides.
The Current Understanding of Precision Medicine and Personalised Medicine in Selected Research Disciplines: Study Protocol of a Systematic Concept Analysis
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-01-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.12.22269125
Abstract: Introduction. The terms "precision medicine" and "personalised medicine" have become key terms in health-related research, and in science-related public communication. However, the application of these two concepts and their interpretation in various disciplines are heterogeneous, which also affects research translation and public awareness. This leads to confusion regarding the use and distinction of the two concepts. Methods and analysis. Our study aims at using Rodger's concept analysis method to systematically examine and distinguish the current understanding of the concepts "precision medicine" and "personalised medicine" in clinical medicine, biomedicine (incorporating genomics and bioinformatics), health services research physics, chemistry, engineering machine learning, and artificial intelligence, and to identify their respective attributes (clusters of characteristics) and surrogate and related terms. We will analyse similarities and differences in definitions in the respective disciplines and across different (sub)disciplines. The analysis procedure will include (1) a concept identification, (2) a setting, s le, and data source selection, (3) data collection, (4) data analysis and data summary, (5) identification of ex les, and (6) identification of implications for further concept development. Ethics and dissemination. Following ethical and research standards, we will comprehensively report the methodology for a systematic analysis following Roger's[1] concept analysis method. Our systematic concept analysis will contribute to the clarification of the two concepts and distinction in their application in given settings and circumstances. Such a broader concept analysis will contribute to non-systematic syntheses of the concepts, or occasional systematic reviews on one of the concepts that have been published in specific disciplines, in order to facilitate interdisciplinary communication, translational medical research, and implementation science.
Manipulation of Airy plasmon beams by linear optical potentials
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Tunable unidirectional nonlinear emission from transition-metal-dichalcogenide metasurfaces
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-25717-X
Abstract: Nonlinear light sources are central to a myriad of applications, driving a quest for their miniaturisation down to the nanoscale. In this quest, nonlinear metasurfaces hold a great promise, as they enhance nonlinear effects through their resonant photonic environment and high refractive index, such as in high-index dielectric metasurfaces. However, despite the sub-diffractive operation of dielectric metasurfaces at the fundamental wave, this condition is not fulfilled for the nonlinearly generated harmonic waves, thereby all nonlinear metasurfaces to date emit multiple diffractive beams. Here, we demonstrate the enhanced single-beam second- and third-harmonic generation in a metasurface of crystalline transition-metal-dichalcogenide material, offering the highest refractive index. We show that the interplay between the resonances of the metasurface allows for tuning of the unidirectional second-harmonic radiation in forward or backward direction, not possible in any bulk nonlinear crystal. Our results open new opportunities for metasurface-based nonlinear light-sources, including nonlinear mirrors and entangled-photon generation.
Cascaded third harmonic generation in lithium niobate nanowaveguides
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-06-2011
DOI: 10.1063/1.3597627
Abstract: We predict highly efficient third harmonic generation through simultaneous phase-matching of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation in lithium niobate nanowaveguides, enabled due to strong modal dispersion. We demonstrate that the waveguide size which corresponds to phase-matching is also optimal for highest mode confinement and therefore for strongly enhanced conversion efficiency.
Controlling plasmonic hot spots by interfering Airy beams
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 08-08-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OL.37.003402
Nonlinear Aharonov-Bohm scattering by optical vortices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-07-2001
Multifunctional Metasurface Tuning by Liquid Crystals in Three Dimensions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-10-2023
Active tuning of high-Q dielectric metasurfaces
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 31-07-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4997301
Abstract: We demonstrate the active tuning of all-dielectric metasurfaces exhibiting high-quality factor (high-Q) resonances. The active control is provided by embedding the asymmetric silicon meta-atoms with liquid crystals, which allows the relative index of refraction to be controlled through heating. It is found that high quality factor resonances (Q = 270 ± 30) can be tuned over more than three resonance widths. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using all-dielectric metasurfaces to construct tunable narrow-band filters.
Monitoring ultrashort pulses by transverse frequency doubling of counterpropagating pulses in random media
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 16-07-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2751583
Abstract: The authors study experimentally the transverse second-harmonic generation of counterpropagating pulses by a quasi-phase-matching in a medium with a random ferroelectric domain structure. The authors show that this parametric process results in a direct realization of the cross correlation of two optical signals and, therefore, it can be employed for direct characterizations of ultrashort pulses including their temporal structure and pulse front tilt.
Observation of Nonlinear Self-Trapping of Broad Beams in Defocusing Waveguide Arrays
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 28-02-2011
Generation of second-harmonic bessel beams by transverse phase-matching in annular periodically poled structures
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 22-08-2008
DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.47.6777
Observation of multivortex solitons in photonic lattices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 03-07-2008
Observation of two-dimensional nonlocal gap solitons
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-01-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OL.34.000295
Abstract: We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, the existence of nonlocal gap solitons in two-dimensional periodic photonic structures with defocusing thermal nonlinearity. We employ liquid-infiltrated photonic crystal fibers and show how the system geometry can modify the effective response of a nonlocal medium and the properties of two-dimensional gap solitons.
Generation and Near-Field Imaging of Airy Surface Plasmons
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-09-2011
Influence of the substrate on negative index fishnet metamaterials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Optimised one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser soliton pulses around 1550 nm to below 30 fs in highly nonlinear fibre
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1049/EL:20071726
Generation of second-harmonic conical waves via nonlinear Bragg diffraction
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-03-2008
Resonant harmonic generation in AlGaAs nanoantennas probed by cylindrical vector beams
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C8NR08034H
Abstract: Cylindrical vector beams with radial and azimuthal polarizations are used to study harmonic generation from in idual AlGaAs nanoantennas.
Supercontinuum spatial gap solitons
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Dynamic Beam Switching by Liquid Crystal Tunable Dielectric Metasurfaces
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-02-2018
Optimized one-step compression of femtosecond fibre laser pulses to 30 fs in dispersion-flattened highly nonlinear fibre
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Frequency doubling in SBN crystals with random ferroelectric domains in the thermal focusing regime
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 02-03-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.726985
Generation of white-light optical vortices through four-wave mixing
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Plasmonic Airy beam manipulation by linear optical potentials
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Observation of spatial shift in interaction of dark nonlocal solitons
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2006
Localization of light in Bessel photonic lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2006
Generation of conical second harmonic waves by nonlinear Bragg diffraction in two-dimensional nonlinear photonic structures
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 21-12-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.759281
Bloch Oscillations and Zener Tunneling in Two-Dimensional Photonic Lattices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 09-02-2006
Polychromatic light localisation in periodic structures
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 17-06-2010
Discrete interband mutual focusing in nonlinear photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 11-07-2005
Abstract: We study nonlinear coupling of mutually incoherent beams associated with different Floquet-Bloch waves in a one-dimensional optically-induced photonic lattice. We demonstrate experimentally how such interactions lead to asymmetric mutual focusing and, for waves with opposite diffraction properties, to simultaneous focusing and defocusing as well as discreteness-induced beam localization and reshaping effects.
Low-loss volume modes in a lamellar hyperbolic metamaterial slab
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 12-03-2020
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.376752
Abstract: We have studied, both theoretically and experimentally, the excitation of volume modes in a lamellar metal/dielectric metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion. The highly efficient light penetration through tens of metamaterial layers is consistent with a relatively low propagation loss. The volume modes were found to be highly sensitive to the surface roughness of the layers, which can be a detrimental factor in device applications.
Invited Article: Broadband highly efficient dielectric metadevices for polarization control
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1063/1.4949007
Abstract: Metadevices based on dielectric nanostructured surfaces with both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances have resulted in the best efficiency to date for functional flat optics with only one disadvantage: a narrow operational bandwidth. Here we experimentally demonstrate broadband transparent all-dielectric metasurfaces for highly efficient polarization manipulation. We utilize the generalized Huygens principle, with a superposition of the scattering contributions from several electric and magnetic multipolar modes of the constituent meta-atoms, to achieve destructive interference in reflection over a large spectral bandwidth. By employing this novel concept, we demonstrate reflectionless (∼90% transmission) half-wave plates, quarter-wave plates, and vector beam q-plates that can operate across multiple telecom bands with ∼99% polarization conversion efficiency.
A narrow-band wavelength-tunable laser system delivering high-energy 300 ps pulses in the near-infrared
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1063/1.1524714
Surface gap solitons at fabricated photonic lattice interfaces
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2006
Spectral pulse transformations and phase transitions in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.023188
Post-2000 nonlinear optical materials and measurements: data tables and best practices
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-05-2023
Abstract: In its 60 years of existence, the field of nonlinear optics has gained momentum especially over the past two decades thanks to major breakthroughs in material science and technology. In this article, we present a new set of data tables listing nonlinear-optical properties for different material categories as reported in the literature since 2000. The papers included in the data tables are representative experimental works on bulk materials, solvents, 0D–1D–2D materials, metamaterials, fiber waveguiding materials, on-chip waveguiding materials, hybrid waveguiding systems, and materials suitable for nonlinear optics at THz frequencies. In addition to the data tables, we also provide best practices for performing and reporting nonlinear-optical experiments. These best practices underpin the selection process that was used for including papers in the tables. While the tables indeed show strong advancements in the field over the past two decades, we encourage the nonlinear-optics community to implement the identified best practices in future works. This will allow a more adequate comparison, interpretation and use of the published parameters, and as such further stimulate the overall progress in nonlinear-optical science and applications.
Nonlinear Goniometry by Second-Harmonic Generation in AlGaAs Nanoantennas
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-11-2018
Directional and Spectral Shaping of Light Emission with Mie-Resonant Silicon Nanoantenna Arrays
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-2018
Observation of transverse instabilities in optically induced lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 02-2004
DOI: 10.1364/OL.29.000259
Abstract: We study experimentally the Bloch-wave instabilities in optically induced photonic lattices. We reveal two different instability scenarios associated with either the transverse modulational instability of a single Bloch wave or the nonlinear interband coupling between different Bloch waves. We show that the transverse instability is greatly enhanced in the induced lattice in comparison with homogeneous media.
Electrically programmable solid-state metasurfaces via flash localised heating
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41377-023-01078-6
Abstract: In the last decades, metasurfaces have attracted much attention because of their extraordinary light-scattering properties. However, their inherently static geometry is an obstacle to many applications where dynamic tunability in their optical behaviour is required. Currently, there is a quest to enable dynamic tuning of metasurface properties, particularly with fast tuning rate, large modulation by small electrical signals, solid state and programmable across multiple pixels. Here, we demonstrate electrically tunable metasurfaces driven by thermo-optic effect and flash-heating in silicon. We show a 9-fold change in transmission by V biasing voltage and the modulation rise-time of µs. Our device consists of a silicon hole array metasurface encapsulated by transparent conducting oxide as a localised heater. It allows for video frame rate optical switching over multiple pixels that can be electrically programmed. Some of the advantages of the proposed tuning method compared with other methods are the possibility to apply it for modulation in the visible and near-infrared region, large modulation depth, working at transmission regime, exhibiting low optical loss, low input voltage requirement, and operating with higher than video-rate switching speed. The device is furthermore compatible with modern electronic display technologies and could be ideal for personal electronic devices such as flat displays, virtual reality holography and light detection and ranging, where fast, solid-state and transparent optical switches are required.
Observation of nonlinear self-trapping in triangular photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 26-01-2007
DOI: 10.1364/OL.32.000397
Abstract: We experimentally study light self-trapping in triangular photonic lattices induced optically in nonlinear photorefractive crystals. We observe the formation of two-dimensional discrete and gap spatial solitons originating from the first and second bands of the linear transmission spectrum.
Spatial dispersion of multilayer fishnet metamaterials
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 20-06-2012
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.015100
Pulse monitoring based on transverse SHG in periodic and disordered media
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 21-12-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.760280
Generation of lattices of optical vortices
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-11-2003
DOI: 10.1117/12.519084
Phase Transitions of Nonlinear Waves in Quadratic Waveguide Arrays
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 12-2010
Demonstration of optically controlled beam steering in dynamic photonic lattices
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2006
Nonlinear Optical Magnetism Revealed by Second-Harmonic Generation in Nanoantennas
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-05-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.7B01488
Abstract: Nonlinear effects at the nanoscale are usually associated with the enhancement of electric fields in plasmonic structures. Recently emerged new platform for nanophotonics based on high-index dielectric nanoparticles utilizes optically induced magnetic response via multipolar Mie resonances and provides novel opportunities for nanoscale nonlinear optics. Here, we observe strong second-harmonic generation from AlGaAs nanoantennas driven by both electric and magnetic resonances. We distinguish experimentally the contribution of electric and magnetic nonlinear response by analyzing the structure of polarization states of vector beams in the second-harmonic radiation. We control continuously the transition between electric and magnetic nonlinearities by tuning polarization of the optical pump. Our results provide a direct observation of nonlinear optical magnetism through selective excitation of multipolar nonlinear modes in nanoantennas.
Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode
Publisher: Beilstein Institut
Date: 27-08-2018
DOI: 10.3762/BJNANO.9.215
Abstract: Background: Dielectric nanoantennas have recently emerged as an alternative solution to plasmonics for nonlinear light manipulation at the nanoscale, thanks to the magnetic and electric resonances, the strong nonlinearities, and the low ohmic losses characterizing high refractive-index materials in the visible/near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum. In this frame, AlGaAs nanoantennas demonstrated to be extremely efficient sources of second harmonic radiation. In particular, the nonlinear polarization of an optical system pumped at the anapole mode can be potentially boosted, due to both the strong dip in the scattering spectrum and the near-field enhancement, which are characteristic of this mode. Plasmonic nanostructures, on the other hand, remain the most promising solution to achieve strong local field confinement, especially in the NIR, where metals such as gold display relatively low losses. Results: We present a nonlinear hybrid antenna based on an AlGaAs nanopillar surrounded by a gold ring, which merges in a single platform the strong field confinement typically produced by plasmonic antennas with the high nonlinearity and low loss characteristics of dielectric nanoantennas. This platform allows enhancing the coupling of light to the nanopillar at coincidence with the anapole mode, hence boosting both second- and third-harmonic generation conversion efficiencies. More than one order of magnitude enhancement factors are measured for both processes with respect to the isolated structure. Conclusion: The present results reveal the possibility to achieve tuneable metamixers and higher resolution in nonlinear sensing and spectroscopy, by means of improved both pump coupling and emission efficiency due to the excitation of the anapole mode enhanced by the plasmonic nanoantenna.
Nonlinear photonic structures in photorefractive media
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2007
Ring dark solitary waves: Experiment versus theory
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 26-12-2002
Polychromatic solitons and symmetry breaking in curved waveguide arrays
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 23-04-2010
DOI: 10.1364/OL.35.001371
Light propagation in novel fluid infiltrated polymer waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Near-field studies of arrays of chirped subwavelength apertures
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2010
Nonlinear spectral demultiplexing in arrays of curved waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2009
Self-trapping of broad beams in defocusing nonlinear Lithium Niobate waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Spontaneous photon-pair generation from a dielectric nanoantenna
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 04-11-2019
Observation of discrete vortex solitons in 2D photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 12-2004
Nonlinear pulse transformation and phase transitions in LiNbO<inf>3</inf> waveguide arrays
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Photon pair generation and quantum walks in arrays of quadratic nonlinear waveguides
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2011
Nonlinear control of multicolor beams in coupled optical waveguides
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2012
Cerenkov-Type Second-Harmonic Generation in Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Photonic Structures
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2009
Tunable fishnet metamaterials infiltrated by liquid crystals
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-05-2010
DOI: 10.1063/1.3427429
Abstract: We analyze numerically the optical response and effective macroscopic parameters of fishnet metamaterials infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal. We show that even a small amount of liquid crystal can provide tuning of the structures due to reorientation of the liquid crystal director. This enables switchable optical metamaterials, where the refractive index can be switched from positive to negative by an external field. This tuning is primarily determined by the shift in the cut-off wavelength of the holes, with only a small influence due to the change in plasmon dispersion.
Polychromatic nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 17-02-2011
All-Optical Control of Nonlinear Pattern Modes by Periodic Photonic Structures
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2009
Multi-conical second harmonic waves via nonlinear diffractions in circularly poled nonlinear media
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-12-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.822542
Bright beam deflection by steering beams with mixed phase dislocations
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 30-12-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.822541
Observation of light localization in modulated Bessel optical lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1364/OE.14.002825
Abstract: We generate higher-order azimuthally modulated Bessel optical lattices in photorefractive crystals by employing a phase-imprinting technique. We report on the experimental observation of self-trapping and nonlinear localization of light in such segmented lattices in the form of ring-shaped and single-site states. The experimental results agree well with numerical simulations accounting for an anisotropic and spatially nonlocal nonlinear response of photorefractive crystals.
Temporal nonlinear beam dynamics in infiltrated photonic crystal fibres
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 21-12-2008
DOI: 10.1117/12.759381
Surface Functionalization and Texturing of Optical Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-05-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.CHEMREV.1C00990
Abstract: Optical metasurfaces are planar metamaterials that can mediate highly precise light-matter interactions. Because of their unique optical properties, both plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces have found common use in sensing applications, enabling label-free, nondestructive, and miniaturized sensors with ultralow limits of detection. However, because bare metasurfaces inherently lack target specificity, their applications have driven the development of surface modification techniques that provide selectivity. Both chemical functionalization and physical texturing methodologies can modify and enhance metasurface properties by selectively capturing analytes at the surface and altering the transduction of light-matter interactions into optical signals. This review summarizes recent advances in material-specific surface functionalization and texturing as applied to representative optical metasurfaces. We also present an overview of the underlying chemistry driving functionalization and texturing processes, including detailed directions for their broad implementation. Overall, this review provides a concise and centralized guide for the modification of metasurfaces with a focus toward sensing applications.
Experimental control of pattern formation by photonic lattices
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 27-10-2008
DOI: 10.1364/OL.33.002509
Abstract: We study the control of modulational instability and pattern formation in a nonlinear dissipative feedback system with a periodic modulation of the material refractive index. We use a one-dimensional photonic lattice in a single-mirror feedback configuration and identify three mechanisms for pattern control: bandgap suppression of instability modes, periodicity induced pattern modes, and orientational pattern control.
Combination of the W boson polarization measurements in top quark decays using ATLAS and CMS data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2020
Abstract: The combination of measurements of the W boson polarization in top quark decays performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations is presented. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data produced at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 20 fb − 1 for each experiment. The measurements used events containing one lepton and having different jet multiplicities in the final state. The results are quoted as fractions of W bosons with longitudinal ( F 0 ), left-handed ( F L ), or right-handed ( F R ) polarizations. The resulting combined measurements of the polarization fractions are F 0 = 0 . 693 ± 0 . 014 and F L = 0 . 315 ± 0 . 011. The fraction F R is calculated from the unitarity constraint to be F R = − 0 . 008 ± 0 . 007. These results are in agreement with the standard model predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and represent an improvement in precision of 25 (29)% for F 0 ( F L ) with respect to the most precise single measurement. A limit on anomalous right-handed vector ( V R ), and left- and right-handed tensor ( g L , g R ) tWb couplings is set while fixing all others to their standard model values. The allowed regions are [ − 0 . 11 , 0 . 16] for V R , [ − 0 . 08 , 0 . 05] for g L , and [ − 0 . 04 , 0 . 02] for g R , at 95% confidence level. Limits on the corresponding Wilson coefficients are also derived.
Dynamic diffraction and interband transitions in two-dimensional photonic lattices
Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 23-02-2011
Nonlinear surface waves in arrays of curved waveguides
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
High‐Temperature Large‐Scale Self‐Assembly of Highly Faceted Monocrystalline Au Metasurfaces
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2019
Selective Third-Harmonic Generation by Structured Light in Mie-Resonant Nanoparticles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-12-2018
Second order nonlinear frequency generation at the nanoscale in dielectric platforms
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-01-2022
Edge Detection with Mie-Resonant Dielectric Metasurfaces
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-02-2021
Tailoring Second-Harmonic Emission from (111)-GaAs Nanoantennas
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-05-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.NANOLETT.9B01112
Abstract: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in resonant dielectric Mie-scattering nanoparticles has been hailed as a powerful platform for nonlinear light sources. While bulk-SHG is suppressed in elemental semiconductors, for ex le, silicon and germanium due to their centrosymmetry, the group of zincblende III-V compound semiconductors, especially (100)-grown AlGaAs and GaAs, have recently been presented as promising alternatives. However, major obstacles to push the technology toward practical applications are the limited control over directionality of the SH emission and especially zero forward/backward radiation, resulting from the peculiar nature of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of this otherwise highly promising group of semiconductors. Furthermore, the generated SH signal for (100)-GaAs nanoparticles depends strongly on the polarization of the pump. In this work, we provide both theoretically and experimentally a solution to these problems by presenting the first SHG nanoantennas made from (111)-GaAs embedded in a low index material. These nanoantennas show superior forward directionality compared to their (100)-counterparts. Most importantly, based on the special symmetry of the crystalline structure, it is possible to manipulate the SHG radiation pattern of the nanoantennas by changing the pump polarization without affecting the linear properties and the total nonlinear conversion efficiency, hence paving the way for efficient and flexible nonlinear beam-shaping devices.
Nonlinear photonics in multi-dimensional and complex photonic lattices
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 07-05-2009
DOI: 10.1117/12.823758
Observation of spatial phase shift in dark soliton crossing
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 31-08-2006
DOI: 10.1117/12.681099
Observation of optical azimuthons
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 09-12-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.023610
Nonlinear microscopy of lead iodide nanosheets
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 31-01-2022
DOI: 10.1364/OE.451214
Abstract: Lead iodide (PbI 2 ) is a van der Waals layered semiconductor with a direct bandgap in its bulk form and a hexagonal layered crystalline structure. The recently developed PbI 2 nanosheets have shown great promise for high-performance optoelectronic devices, including nanolasers and photodetectors. However, despite being widely used as a precursor for perovskite materials, the optical properties of PbI 2 nanomaterials remain largely unexplored. Here, we determine the nonlinear optical properties of PbI 2 nanosheets by utilising nonlinear microscopy as a non-invasive optical technique. We demonstrate the nonlinearity enhancement dependent on excitonic resonances, crystalline orientation, thickness, and influence of the substrate. Our results allow for estimating the second- and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of the nanosheets, opening new opportunities for the use of PbI 2 nanosheets as nonlinear and quantum light sources.
Liquid crystal based nonlinear fishnet metamaterials
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 19-03-2012
DOI: 10.1063/1.3695165
Abstract: We study experimentally the nonlinear properties of fishnet metamaterials infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals and find that moderate laser powers result in significant changes of the optical transmission of the composite structures. We also show that the nonlinear response of our structure can be further tuned with a bias electric field, enabling the realization of electrically tunable nonlinear metamaterials.
Attraction of nonlocal dark optical solitons
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 02-2004
DOI: 10.1364/OL.29.000286
Abstract: We study the formation and interaction of spatial dark optical solitons in materials with a nonlocal nonlinear response. We show that unlike in local materials, where dark solitons typically repel, the nonlocal nonlinearity leads to a long-range attraction and formation of stable bound states of dark solitons.
Planar narrow bandpass filter based on Si resonant metasurface
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 05-08-2021
DOI: 10.1063/5.0058768
Abstract: Optically resonant dielectric metasurfaces offer unique capability to fully control the wavefront, polarization, intensity, or spectral content of light based on the excitation and interference of different electric and magnetic Mie multipolar resonances. Recent advances of the wide accessibility in nanofabrication and nanotechnologies have led to a surge in the research field of high-quality functional optical metasurfaces, which can potentially replace or even outperform conventional optical components with ultra-thin features. Replacing conventional optical filtering components with metasurface technology offers remarkable advantages, including lower integration cost, ultra-thin compact configuration, easy combination with multiple functions, and less restriction on materials. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a planar narrow bandpass filter based on the optical dielectric metasurface composed of Si nanoresonators in arrays. A broadband transmission spectral valley (around 200 nm) has been realized by combining electric and magnetic dipole resonances adjacent to each other. Meanwhile, we obtain a narrow-band transmission peak by exciting a high-quality leaky mode, which is formed by partially breaking a bound state in the continuum generated by the collective longitudinal magnetic dipole resonances in the metasurface. Owing to the in-plane inversion symmetry of our nanostructure, the radiation of this antisymmetric mode is inhibited at far field, manifesting itself a sharp Fano-shape peak in the spectrum. Our proposed metasurface-based filter shows a stable performance for oblique light incidence with small angles (within 10°). Our work implies many potential applications of nanoscale photonics devices, such as displays, spectroscopy, etc.
Near-field observation of Airy plasmons
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2011
Pulse compression to the subphonon lifetime region by half-cycle gain in transient stimulated Brillouin scattering
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1109/3.806589
Oblique interaction of spatial dark-soliton stripes in nonlocal media
Publisher: The Optical Society
Date: 25-09-2006
DOI: 10.1364/OL.31.003010
Abstract: We report what we believe to be the first experimental observation of a large spatial lateral shift in the interaction of obliquely oriented spatial dark-soliton stripes. We demonstrate by numerical simulations that this new effect can be attributed to the specific features of optical media with a nonlocal nonlinear response.
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