ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5464-5029
Current Organisations
University of Melbourne
,
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
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Epigenetics (incl. Genome Methylation and Epigenomics) | Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches) | Genetics
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 22-12-2011
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540936
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540933
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.05830-11
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica)
Date: 07-2007
Abstract: Although essential in the management of AML, there is little information quantitating transfusion requirements for these patients. We evaluated 111 consecutive adults treated for AML, showing that approximately 150 blood donors are required to adequately cater for a single patient's complete therapy with little variation for age, prognostic group or intensity of treatment.
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Date: 2012
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540939
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCELL.2016.05.019
Abstract: E proteins and their antagonists, the Id proteins, are transcriptional regulators important for normal hematopoiesis. We found that Id2 acts as a key regulator of leukemia stem cell (LSC) potential in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Low endogenous Id2 expression is associated with LSC enrichment while Id2 overexpression impairs MLL-AF9-leukemia initiation and growth. Importantly, MLL-AF9 itself controls the E-protein pathway by suppressing Id2 while directly activating E2-2 expression, and E2-2 depletion phenocopies Id2 overexpression in MLL-AF9-AML cells. Remarkably, Id2 tumor-suppressive function is conserved in t(8 ) AML. Low expression of Id2 and its associated gene signature are associated with poor prognosis in MLL-rearranged and t(8 ) AML patients, identifying the Id2/E-protein axis as a promising new therapeutic target in AML.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540930
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 26-06-2015
Abstract: Chromosomal DNA comes in two flavors—euchromatin, which contains most of the expressed genes, and heterochromatin, which usually remains quiet. But what keeps genes within heterochromatin silent? Tchasovnikarova et al. examined the basis for this type of silencing in mammalian cells (see the Perspective by Brummelk ). They identified a complex of proteins in human cells they called HUSH that kept particular parts of the genome silent by changing associated histone methylation marks. Science , this issue p. 1481 , see also p. 1433
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2013
DOI: 10.1038/LEU.2013.234
Abstract: Small molecule inhibition of the BET family of proteins, which bind acetylated lysines within histones, has been shown to have a marked therapeutic benefit in pre-clinical models of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion protein-driven leukemias. Here, we report that I-BET151, a highly specific BET family bromodomain inhibitor, leads to growth inhibition in a human erythroleukemic (HEL) cell line as well as in erythroid precursors isolated from polycythemia vera patients. One of the genes most highly downregulated by I-BET151 was LMO2, an important oncogenic regulator of hematopoietic stem cell development and erythropoiesis. We previously reported that LMO2 transcription is dependent upon Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) kinase activity in HEL cells. Here, we show that the transcriptional changes induced by a JAK2 inhibitor (TG101209) and I-BET151 in HEL cells are significantly over-lapping, suggesting a common pathway of action. We generated JAK2 inhibitor resistant HEL cells and showed that these retain sensitivity to I-BET151. These data highlight I-BET151 as a potential alternative treatment against myeloproliferative neoplasms driven by constitutively active JAK2 kinase.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 17-03-2017
Abstract: Cancer biology is profoundly influenced by changes in the epigenome. Because the dynamic plasticity of the epigenome lends itself well to therapeutic manipulation, the past few years have witnessed an unprecedented investment in the development, characterization, and translation of targeted epigenetic therapies. In this review, I provide a broad context for recent developments that offer a greater understanding of how epigenetic regulators facilitate the initiation, maintenance, and evolution of cancer. I discuss newly developed epigenetic therapies and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may govern sensitivity and resistance to these agents. I also review the rationale for future combination therapies involving existing and emerging epigenetic drugs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1995
DOI: 10.1016/S0968-0004(00)89007-6
Abstract: The discovery of structural and functional similarities between the product of the nematode cell-death gene ced-3 and mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE) is providing important insights into the molecular mechanism of apoptosis. This article summarizes the current knowledge of ICE and its homologues, and how these may be involved in regulating apoptosis.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2021
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540921.V1
Abstract: Supplementary movie from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540945
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540948
Abstract: Supplementary Data from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S42003-021-02397-3
Abstract: Angiogenesis underlies development, physiology and pathogenesis of cancer, eye and cardiovascular diseases. Inhibiting aberrant angiogenesis using anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) has been successful in the clinical treatment of cancer and eye diseases. However, resistance to AAT inevitably occurs and its molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover molecular modifiers of the blood endothelial cell (EC) response to a widely used AAT bevacizumab by performing a pooled genetic screen using three-dimensional microcarrier-based cell culture and CRISPR–Cas9. Functional inhibition of the epigenetic reader BET family of proteins BRD2/3/4 shows unexpected mitigating effects on EC survival and/or proliferation upon VEGFA blockade. Moreover, transcriptomic and pathway analyses reveal an interaction between epigenetic regulation and anti-angiogenesis, which may affect chromosomal structure and activity in ECs via the cell cycle regulator CDC25B phosphatase. Collectively, our findings provide insight into epigenetic regulation of the EC response to VEGFA blockade and may facilitate development of quality biomarkers and strategies for overcoming resistance to AAT.
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 19-03-2015
DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2014-10-603969
Abstract: Depletion of Jarid2 in mouse and human hematopoietic stem cells enhances their activity. Jarid2 acts as part of PRC2 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-11-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.19.20235069
Abstract: People with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age-related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV-negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated were DNMT3A (48.5%), TET2 (20.5%) and ASXL1 (11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540942
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-14604-6
Abstract: Primary and acquired drug resistance imposes a major threat to achieving optimized clinical outcomes during cancer treatment. Aberrant changes in epigenetic modifications are closely involved in drug resistance of tumor cells. Using BET inhibitor (BETi) resistant leukemia cells as a model system, we demonstrated herein that genome-wide enhancer remodeling played a pivotal role in driving therapeutic resistance via compensational re-expression of pro-survival genes. Capitalizing on the CRISPR interference technology, we identified the second intron of IncRNA, PVT1 , as a unique bona fide gained enhancer that restored MYC transcription independent of BRD4 recruitment in leukemia. A combined BETi and CDK7 inhibitor treatment abolished MYC transcription by impeding RNAPII loading without affecting PVT1 -mediated chromatin looping at the MYC locus in BETi-resistant leukemia cells. Together, our findings have established the feasibility of targeting enhancer plasticity to overcome drug resistance associated with epigenetic therapies.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540915.V1
Abstract: Supplementary table from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
Date: 19-10-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-07-2019
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-01-2009
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1022
Abstract: Purpose: Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease with heterogeneous clinical behavior. Bortezomib has offered some patients with relapsed and refractory disease an opportunity for prolonged survival. However, there remains a paucity of data in patients treated with bortezomib that accurately delineates and identifies such patients. This information is crucial to guide management. Experimental Design: In this study, we aimed to identify the patients most likely to respond to bortezomib salvage therapy. We analyzed the baseline clinical variables and profiled the baseline expression of a broad range of immunohistochemical markers of cell cycle activity, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in a large cohort of multiply relapsed myeloma patients recruited to one of two prospective multicentre trials assessing the efficacy of bortezomib salvage therapy. Results: Using the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation criteria, response (complete or partial) to bortezomib salvage therapy was associated with a previous history of complete response to alternative antimyeloma treatment. Patients who expressed cyclin D1 were more likely to achieve a response. In contrast, patients who expressed p16INK4A, cytoplasmic p53, and the highest intensity of Bcl-2 staining had a poor response. Patients who achieved a response to bortezomib and those patients who expressed cyclin D1 at baseline showed a significant survival advantage. Patients who expressed FGFR3, a poor prognostic marker, responded equally well and had similar outcomes with bortezomib compared with FGFR3-negative patients. Conclusions: Baseline clinical variables and selective immunohistochemical markers expressed by patients may be used effectively to identify patients that are most likely to achieve a meaningful clinical response to bortezomib salvage therapy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CELL.2012.06.013
Abstract: The epigenetic regulation of DNA-templated processes has been intensely studied over the last 15 years. DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, and RNA-mediated targeting regulate many biological processes that are fundamental to the genesis of cancer. Here, we present the basic principles behind these epigenetic pathways and highlight the evidence suggesting that their misregulation can culminate in cancer. This information, along with the promising clinical and preclinical results seen with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, signifies that it is time to embrace the central role of epigenetics in cancer.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-03-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.29.486253
Abstract: Inflammation is a complex physiological process triggered in response to harmful stimuli. It involves specialized cells of the immune system able to clear sources of cell injury and damaged tissues to promote repair. Excessive inflammation can occur as a result of infections and is a hallmark of several diseases. The molecular basis underlying inflammatory responses are not fully understood. Here, we show that the cell surface marker CD44, which characterizes activated immune cells, acts as a metal transporter that promotes copper uptake. We identified a chemically reactive pool of copper(II) in mitochondria of inflammatory macrophages that catalyzes NAD(H) redox cycling by activating hydrogen peroxide. Maintenance of NAD + enables metabolic and epigenetic programming towards the inflammatory state. Targeting mitochondrial copper(II) with a rationally-designed dimer of metformin triggers distinct metabolic and epigenetic states that oppose macrophage activation. This drug reduces inflammation in mouse models of bacterial and viral (SARS-CoV-2) infections, improves well-being and increases survival. Identifying mechanisms that regulate the plasticity of immune cells provides the means to develop next-generation medicine. Our work illuminates the central role of copper as a regulator of cell plasticity and unveils a new therapeutic strategy based on metabolic reprogramming and the control of epigenetic cell states.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-35744-X
Abstract: During embryogenesis, haematopoietic and endothelial lineages emerge closely in time and space. It is thought that the first blood and endothelium derive from a common clonal ancestor, the haemangioblast. However, investigation of candidate haemangioblasts in vitro revealed the capacity for mesenchymal differentiation, a feature more compatible with an earlier mesodermal precursor. To date, no evidence for an in vivo haemangioblast has been discovered. Using single cell RNA-Sequencing and in vivo cellular barcoding, we have unravelled the ancestral relationships that give rise to the haematopoietic lineages of the yolk sac, the endothelium, and the mesenchyme. We show that the mesodermal derivatives of the yolk sac are produced by three distinct precursors with dual-lineage outcomes: the haemangioblast, the mesenchymoangioblast, and a previously undescribed cell type: the haematomesoblast. Between E5.5 and E7.5, this trio of precursors seeds haematopoietic, endothelial, and mesenchymal trajectories.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2009
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE08448
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Date: 16-08-2012
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2014
DOI: 10.1038/LEU.2015.10
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-06-2018
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1457148
Abstract: Novel targeted therapeutics has significantly improved the outlook of patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (R/R MCL). Despite significant efficacy, one of the major limitations of these targeted agents is presence of primary or acquired resistance to these novel drugs. Patients who fail primary therapy especially with ibrutinib have poor outcomes and may respond poorly to subsequent therapies. Hence, it is important to understand resistance mechanisms a priori to identify patients who are unlikely to respond, and to explore alternative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will discuss the currently most active two drugs: ibrutinib and venetoclax, both of which have shown high response rates in R/R MCL. We review current understanding of genomic alterations associated with resistance, and discuss possible strategies to overcome these resistance mechanisms.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540942.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 11-0011
DOI: 10.1200/PO.16.00009
Abstract: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) allows noninvasive disease monitoring across a range of malignancies. In metastatic melanoma, the extent to which ctDNA reflects changes in metabolic disease burden assessed by 18 F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is unknown. We assessed the role of ctDNA analysis in combination with FDG-PET to monitor tumor burden and genomic heterogeneity throughout treatment. We performed a comprehensive analysis of serial ctDNA and FDG-PET in 52 patients who received systemic therapy for metastatic melanoma. Next-generation sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze plasma s les from the cohort. ctDNA levels were monitored across patients with mutant BRAF, NRAS, and BRAF/NRAS wild type disease. Mutant BRAF and NRAS ctDNA levels correlated closely with changes in metabolic disease burden throughout treatment. TERT promoter mutant ctDNA levels also paralleled changes in tumor burden, which provide an alternative marker for disease monitoring. Of note, subcutaneous and cerebral disease sites were not well represented in plasma. Early changes in ctDNA and metabolic disease burden were important indicators of treatment response. Patients with an early decrease in ctDNA post-treatment had improved progression-free survival compared with patients in whom ctDNA levels remained unchanged or increased over time (hazard ratio, 2.6 P = .05). ctDNA analysis contributed key molecular information through the identification of putative resistance mechanisms to targeted therapy. A detailed comparison of the genomic architecture of plasma and multiregional tumor biopsy specimens at autopsy revealed the ability of ctDNA to comprehensively capture genomic heterogeneity across multiple disease sites. The findings highlight the powerful role of ctDNA in metastatic melanoma as a complementary modality to functional imaging that allows real-time monitoring of both tumor burden and genomic changes throughout therapy.
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 20-10-2020
DOI: 10.1182/BLOODADVANCES.2020001576
Abstract: The specific targeting of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins by Smac-mimetic (SM) drugs, such as birinapant, has been tested in clinical trials of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and certain solid cancers. Despite their promising safety profile, SMs have had variable and limited success. Using a library of more than 5700 bioactive compounds, we screened for approaches that could sensitize AML cells to birinapant and identified multidrug resistance protein 1 inhibitors (MDR1i) as a class of clinically approved drugs that can enhance the efficacy of SM therapy. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MDR1 increased intracellular levels of birinapant and sensitized AML cells from leukemia murine models, human leukemia cell lines, and primary AML s les to killing by birinapant. The combination of clinical MDR1 and IAP inhibitors was well tolerated in vivo and more effective against leukemic cells, compared with normal hematopoietic progenitors. Importantly, birinapant combined with third-generation MDR1i effectively killed murine leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and prolonged survival of AML-burdened mice, suggesting a therapeutic opportunity for AML. This study identified a drug combination strategy that, by efficiently killing LSCs, may have the potential to improve outcomes in patients with AML.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 21-12-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.20.521313
Abstract: S le multiplexing is often used to reduce cost and limit batch effects in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments. A commonly used multiplexing technique involves tagging cells prior to pooling with a hashtag oligo (HTO) that can be sequenced along with the cells’ RNA to determine their s le of origin. Several tools have been developed to demultiplex HTO sequencing data and assign cells to s les. In this study, we critically assess the performance of seven HTO demultiplexing tools: hashedDrops, HTODemux, GMM-Demux, demuxmix, deMULTIplex, BFF and HashSolo . The comparison uses data sets where each s le has also been demultiplexed using genetic variants from the RNA, enabling comparison of HTO demultiplexing techniques against complementary data from the genetic “ground truth”. We find that all methods perform similarly where HTO labelling is of high quality, but methods that assume a bimodal counts distribution perform poorly on lower quality data. We also suggest heuristic approaches for assessing the quality of HTO counts in a scRNA-seq experiment.
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Date: 29-03-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1445-5994.2005.00912.X
Abstract: We report here two cases of dyserythropoietic anaemia associated with long-term linezolid use that share striking similarities to chlor henicol-associated myelotoxicity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-06-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2141.2010.08175.X
Abstract: Constitutive activation of Janus kinase (Jak) 2 is the most prevalent pathogenic event observed in the myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), suggesting that inhibitors of Jak2 may prove valuable in their management. Inhibition of the Aurora kinases has also proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy in a number of haematological malignancies. AT9283 is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with potent activity against Jak2 and Aurora kinases A and B, and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. To investigate the therapeutic potential of AT9283 in the MPD we studied its activity in a number of Jak2-dependent systems. AT9283 potently inhibited proliferation and Jak2-related signalling in Jak2-dependent cell lines as well as inhibiting the formation of erythroid colonies from haematopoietic progenitors isolated from MPD patients with Jak2 mutations. The compound also demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in vivo in an ETV6-JAK2 (TEL-JAK2) murine leukaemia model. Inhibition of both Jak2 and Aurora B was observed in the model systems used, indicating a dual mechanism of action. Our results suggest that AT9283 may be a valuable therapy in patients with MPD and that the dual inhibition of Jak2 and the Aurora kinases may potentially offer combinatorial efficacy in the treatment of these diseases.
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 25-05-2017
DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2016-05-718171
Abstract: Inhibition of RNA Pol I by CX-5461 treats aggressive AML and outperforms standard chemotherapy regimens. CX-5461 induces p53-dependent apoptosis, p53-independent cell-cycle defects and differentiation, and reduces LICs.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica)
Date: 2007
Abstract: Plasmablastic lymphoma is an AIDS related lymphoma that continues to have a poor prognosis despite significant advances in the management of HIV and lymphoproliferative diseases. In part this has been due to limited insights into the biology of this disease and the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis. To date molecular abnormalities have not been described in plasmablastic lymphoma, and its aggressive clinical behaviour has been difficult to understand. We describe the first reported cytogenetic abnormality in plasmablastic lymphoma, an IgH/MYC translocation. It is also the first description of autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with severe haemophilia A.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 30-06-2017
Abstract: Drugs that show promise in preclinical models often fail in the clinic, in part because of limited information on drug localization within cells and across tissues. In a proof-of-concept study, Tyler et al. applied click chemistry methods to study the localization of bromodomain inhibitors. These are cancer drugs that alter chromatin structure and gene expression. Clickable derivatives of the drugs localized within chromatin and showed that the drugs exhibit distinct modes of binding at responsive and unresponsive genes. In a mouse leukemia model, the click-probes revealed that the drugs accumulate to different extents in the spleen and bone marrow, which are two tissue sources of leukemic cells. Science , this issue p. 1397
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-03-2013
DOI: 10.1093/BFGP/ELT007
Abstract: The malleability of the epigenome has long been recognized as a unique opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Interest in targeting components of the epigenetic machinery for therapeutic gain had initially been aimed at chromatin modifying enzymes. However, advances in medicinal chemistry have now made it possible to exploit protein-protein interactions at the chromatin interface. Bromodomains (BRD) are a conserved motif used by a large number of chromatin-associated proteins to recognize and bind acetylated histone tails. Small molecules with high specificity for the Bromodomain and Extra Terminal family of proteins (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT) have recently been shown to have remarkable pre-clinical efficacy in various malignancies. These findings have provided the impetus for exploring other BRD proteins as novel targets in cancer therapy.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 03-12-2019
DOI: 10.1101/861542
Abstract: B-cell development is initiated by the stepwise differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into lineage committed progenitors, ultimately generating the mature B-cells that mediate protective immunity. This highly regulated process also generates clonal immunological ersity via recombination of immunoglobulin genes. While several transcription factors that control B-cell development and V(D)J recombination have been defined, how these processes are initiated and coordinated into a precise regulatory network remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcription factor ETS Related Gene ( Erg ) is essential for the earliest steps in B-cell differentiation. Erg initiates a transcriptional network involving the B-cell lineage defining genes, Ebf1 and Pax5 , that directly promotes the expression of key genes involved in V(D)J recombination and formation of the B-cell receptor. Complementation of the Erg-deficiency with a productively rearranged immunoglobulin gene rescued B-cell development, demonstrating that Erg is an essential and exquisitely stage specific regulator of the gene regulatory network controlling B-lymphopoiesis.
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 08-04-2010
DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2009-08-236596
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may follow a JAK2-positive myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), although the mechanisms of disease evolution, often involving loss of mutant JAK2, remain obscure. We studied 16 patients with JAK2-mutant (7 of 16) or JAK2 wild-type (9 of 16) AML after a JAK2-mutant MPN. Primary myelofibrosis or myelofibrotic transformation preceded all 7 JAK2-mutant but only 1 of 9 JAK2 wild-type AMLs (P = .001), implying that JAK2-mutant AML is preceded by mutation(s) that give rise to a “myelofibrosis” phenotype. Loss of the JAK2 mutation by mitotic recombination, gene conversion, or deletion was excluded in all wild-type AMLs. A search for additional mutations identified alterations of RUNX1, WT1, TP53, CBL, NRAS, and TET2, without significant differences between JAK2-mutant and wild-type leukemias. In 4 patients, mutations in TP53, CBL, or TET2 were present in JAK2 wild-type leukemic blasts but absent from the JAK2-mutant MPN. By contrast in a chronic-phase patient, clones harboring mutations in JAK2 or MPL represented the progeny of a shared TET2-mutant ancestral clone. These results indicate that different pathogenetic mechanisms underlie transformation to JAK2 wild-type and JAK2-mutant AML, show that TET2 mutations may be present in a clone distinct from that harboring a JAK2 mutation, and emphasize the clonal heterogeneity of the MPNs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540945.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.C.6549508.V1
Abstract: Abstract Cancer cell metabolism is increasingly recognized as providing an exciting therapeutic opportunity. However, a drug that directly couples targeting of a metabolic dependency with the induction of cell death in cancer cells has largely remained elusive. Here we report that the drug-like small-molecule ironomycin reduces the mitochondrial iron load, resulting in the potent disruption of mitochondrial metabolism. Ironomycin promotes the recruitment and activation of BAX/BAK, but the resulting mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) does not lead to potent activation of the apoptotic caspases, nor is the ensuing cell death prevented by inhibiting the previously established pathways of programmed cell death. Consistent with the fact that ironomycin and BH3 mimetics induce MOMP through independent nonredundant pathways, we find that ironomycin exhibits marked i in vitro /i and i in vivo /i synergy with venetoclax and overcomes venetoclax resistance in primary patient s les. Significance: Ironomycin couples targeting of cellular metabolism with cell death by reducing mitochondrial iron, resulting in the alteration of mitochondrial metabolism and the activation of BAX/BAK. Ironomycin induces MOMP through a different mechanism to BH3 mimetics, and consequently combination therapy has marked synergy in cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia. i This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587 /i /
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 28-05-2021
Abstract: Lysine methylation of BRD4 selectively determines the recruitment of E2F1 to specific target genes to regulate mRNA translation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2009
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540948.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Data from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-06-2005
Abstract: To assess the efficacy of recombinant human stem cell factor (rHuSCF), 48 patients who had failed to mobilize >2.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (10 microg/kg twice daily) with, or without, concomitant chemotherapy (G-CSF-based regimen), were remobilized with the addition of rHuSCF (20 microg/kg/day). In all, 18/48 (38%) achieved a total of >2.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg with the second rHuSCF-based mobilisation alone and 29/48 (60%) achieved a cumulative total of >2.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg following remobilization. Inclusion of chemotherapy in the mobilization regimen resulted in a higher yield of CD34+ cells/kg for both the initial G-CSF-based and subsequent rHuSCF-based regimens (0.90 vs 0.54, P < 0.01 and 2.36 vs 1.34, P < 0.01, respectively). The total peripheral blood stem cells PBSC collected from the G-CSF-based regimen, performance status, baseline platelet count and albumin were significantly associated with successful remobilization. Patients with multiple myeloma were also more likely to successfully remobilize. There was no threshold of total collected from the failed G-CSF-based regimen below which successful remobilization with the rHuSCF-based regimen was not possible. We therefore propose a predictive model [PBSC expected = 0.6+(G-CSF-based total collection)+2 (rHuSCF-based day 1 collection)] to calculate the cumulative total of PBSC expected following a maximum of five leukaphereses. This algorithm may permit the early identification of patients who are unlikely to achieve sufficient PBSC for transplantation and allow physicians to direct the resources involved in PBSC collection in a more appropriate and economical manner.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-01-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE10509
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-01-2011
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 07-08-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-23-0007
Abstract: Therapies that enhance anti-tumour immunity have altered the natural history of many cancers. Consequently, leveraging non-overlapping mechanisms to increase immunogenicity of cancer cells remains a priority. Using a novel enzymatic inhibitor of the RNA methyltransferase, METTL3, we demonstrate a global decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) results in double-stranded RNA formation and a profound cell-intrinsic interferon response. Through unbiased CRISPR screens, we establish dsRNA-sensing and interferon signalling are primary mediators that potentiate T-cell killing of cancer cells following METTL3 inhibition. We show in a range of immunocompetent mouse models that whilst METTL3 inhibition is equally efficacious to anti-PD1 therapy, the combination has far greater pre-clinical activity. Using SPLINTR barcoding, we demonstrate that anti-PD1 and METTL3 inhibition target distinct malignant clones and the combination of these therapies overcome clones insensitive to the single agents. These data provide the molecular and pre-clinical rationale for employing METTL3 inhibitors to promote anti-tumour immunity in the clinic.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-17206-4
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterised by a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations that result in deregulation of transcriptional networks. One understudied source of transcriptional regulators are transposable elements (TEs), whose aberrant usage could contribute to oncogenic transcriptional circuits. However, the regulatory influence of TEs and their links to AML pathogenesis remain unexplored. Here we identify six endogenous retrovirus (ERV) families with AML-associated enhancer chromatin signatures that are enriched in binding of key regulators of hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis. Using both locus-specific genetic editing and simultaneous epigenetic silencing of multiple ERVs, we demonstrate that ERV deregulation directly alters the expression of adjacent genes in AML. Strikingly, deletion or epigenetic silencing of an ERV-derived enhancer suppresses cell growth by inducing apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. This work reveals that ERVs are a previously unappreciated source of AML enhancers that may be exploited by cancer cells to help drive tumour heterogeneity and evolution.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540939.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 18-09-2019
DOI: 10.1101/772954
Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, defined by a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations, which result in deregulation of transcriptional networks. One understudied but important source of transcriptional regulators are transposable elements (TEs), which are widespread throughout the human genome. Aberrant usage of these sequences could therefore contribute to oncogenic transcriptional circuits. However, the regulatory influence of TEs and their links to disease pathogenesis remain unexplored in AML. Using epigenomic data from AML primary s les and leukemia cell lines, we identified six endogenous retrovirus (ERV) families with AML-associated enhancer chromatin signatures that are enriched in binding of key regulators of hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis. Using both CRISPR-mediated locus-specific genetic editing and simultaneous epigenetic silencing of multiple ERVs, we demonstrate that ERV deregulation directly alters the expression of adjacent genes in AML. Strikingly, deletion or epigenetic silencing of an ERV-derived enhancer suppressed cell growth by inducing apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. Our work reveals that ERVs are a previously unappreciated source of AML enhancers that have the potential to play key roles in leukemogenesis. We suggest that ERV activation provides an additional layer of gene regulation in AML that may be exploited by cancer cells to help drive tumour heterogeneity and evolution.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2010
DOI: 10.1038/NCB2135
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-06-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-10652-9
Abstract: Non-genetic drug resistance is increasingly recognised in various cancers. Molecular insights into this process are lacking and it is unknown whether stable non-genetic resistance can be overcome. Using single cell RNA-sequencing of paired drug naïve and resistant AML patient s les and cellular barcoding in a unique mouse model of non-genetic resistance, here we demonstrate that transcriptional plasticity drives stable epigenetic resistance. With a CRISPR-Cas9 screen we identify regulators of enhancer function as important modulators of the resistant cell state. We show that inhibition of Lsd1 (Kdm1a) is able to overcome stable epigenetic resistance by facilitating the binding of the pioneer factor, Pu.1 and cofactor, Irf8, to nucleate new enhancers that regulate the expression of key survival genes. This enhancer switching results in the re-distribution of transcriptional co-activators, including Brd4, and provides the opportunity to disable their activity and overcome epigenetic resistance. Together these findings highlight key principles to help counteract non-genetic drug resistance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-09-2023
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2007-06-095554
Abstract: We report the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a novel variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The bone marrow showed 88% hypergranular promyelocytes, and the karyotype was 47,XY,+22 [5]/46,XY[30]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated disruption and deletion of the 5′-end of the RARA gene. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid, idarubicin, and arsenic trioxide induced cytogenetic complete remission without morphologic evidence of residual leukemia. The diagnostic marrow was negative for PML-RARA transcripts by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), but an atypical product was observed. Sequencing showed partial homology to the PRKAR1A gene, encoding the regulatory subunit type I-α of cyclic adenosine monophosphate–dependent protein kinase. RT-PCR using specific primers for PRKAR1A and RARA lified 2 transcript splice variants of a PRKAR1A-RARA fusion gene, and PRKAR1A and RARA FISH probes confirmed the fusion. This novel PRKAR1A-RARA gene rearrangement is the fifth variant APL in which the RARA partner gene has been identified and the second known rearrangement of PRKAR1A in a malignant disease. This trial was registered at www.actr.org.au with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry as number 12605000070639.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 24-04-2020
Abstract: Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and immune diseases through their effects on transcriptional regulation. BET proteins contain two nearly identical bromodomains, BD1 and BD2, structural modules that have attracted great interest as targets for drug development. First-generation drugs that inhibited both BD1 and BD2 showed promising therapeutic activity in preclinical models but proved to be less efficacious in clinical trials. Gilan et al. took a different approach and designed drugs that selectively inhibited BD1 or BD2 (see the Perspective by Filippakopoulos and Knapp). They found that BD1 and BD2 inhibitors altered gene expression in different ways and that BD2 inhibitors had greater therapeutic activity than BD1 inhibitors in preclinical models of inflammation and autoimmune disease. Science , this issue p. 387 see also p. 367
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0724
Abstract: Inhibitors of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein family attenuate the proliferation of several tumor cell lines. These effects are mediated, at least in part, through repression of c-MYC. In colorectal cancer, overexpression of c-MYC due to hyperactive WNT/β-catenin/TCF signaling is a key driver of tumor progression however, effective strategies to target this oncogene remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effect of BET inhibitors (BETi) on colorectal cancer cell proliferation and c-MYC expression. Treatment of 20 colorectal cancer cell lines with the BETi JQ1 identified a subset of highly sensitive lines. JQ1 sensitivity was higher in cell lines with microsatellite instability but was not associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype, c-MYC expression or lification status, BET protein expression, or mutation status of TP53, KRAS/BRAF, or PIK3CA/PTEN. Conversely, JQ1 sensitivity correlated significantly with the magnitude of c-MYC mRNA and protein repression. JQ1-mediated c-MYC repression was not due to generalized attenuation of β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcription, as JQ1 had minimal effects on other β-catenin/TCF target genes or β-catenin/TCF reporter activity. BETi preferentially target super-enhancer–regulated genes, and a super-enhancer in c-MYC was recently identified in HCT116 cells to which BRD4 and effector transcription factors of the WNT/β−catenin/TCF and MEK/ERK pathways are recruited. Combined targeting of c-MYC with JQ1 and inhibitors of these pathways additively repressed c-MYC and proliferation of HCT116 cells. These findings demonstrate that BETi downregulate c-MYC expression and inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation and identify strategies for enhancing the effects of BETi on c-MYC repression by combinatorial targeting the c-MYC super-enhancer. Mol Cancer Ther 15(6) 1217–26. ©2016 AACR.
Publisher: Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica)
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 09-11-2022
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-1284
Abstract: Molibresib is a selective, small molecule inhibitor of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein family. This was an open-label, two-part, Phase I/II study investigating molibresib monotherapy for the treatment of hematological malignancies (NCT01943851). Part 1 (dose escalation) determined the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of molibresib in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), or multiple myeloma. Part 2 (dose expansion) investigated the safety and efficacy of molibresib at the RP2D in patients with relapsed/refractory myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS as well as AML evolved from antecedent MDS) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The primary endpoint in Part 1 was safety and the primary endpoint in Part 2 was objective response rate (ORR). There were 111 patients enrolled (87 in Part 1, 24 in Part 2). Molibresib RP2Ds of 75 mg daily (for MDS) and 60 mg daily (for CTCL) were selected. Most common Grade 3+ adverse events included thrombocytopenia (37%), anemia (15%), and febrile neutropenia (15%). Six patients achieved complete responses [3 in Part 1 (2 AML, 1 NHL), 3 in Part 2 (MDS)], and 7 patients achieved partial responses [6 in Part 1 (4 AML, 2 NHL), 1 in Part 2 (MDS)]. The ORRs for Part 1, Part 2, and the total study population were 10% [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.8–18.7], 25% (95% CI, 7.3–52.4), and 13% (95% CI, 6.9–20.6), respectively. While antitumor activity was observed with molibresib, use was limited by gastrointestinal and thrombocytopenia toxicities. Investigations of molibresib as part of combination regimens may be warranted.
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 27-08-2009
DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2009-02-206573
Abstract: The discovery of JAK2V617F as an acquired mutation in the majority of patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and the key role of the JAK2-STAT5 signaling cascade in normal hematopoiesis has focused attention on the downstream transcriptional targets of STAT5. Despite evidence of its vital role in normal erythropoiesis and its ability to recapitulate many of the features of myeloid malignancies, including the MPDs, few functionally validated targets of STAT5 have been described. Here we used a combination of comparative genomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to identify ID1 as a novel target of the JAK2-STAT5 signaling axis in erythroid cells. STAT5 binds and transactivates a downstream enhancer of ID1, and ID1 expression levels correlate with the JAK2V617F mutation in both retrovirally transfected fetal liver cells and polycythemia vera patients. Knockdown and overexpression studies in a well-characterized erythroid differentiation assay from primary murine fetal liver cells demonstrated a survival-promoting action of ID1. This hitherto unrecognized function implicates ID1 in the expansion of erythroblasts during terminal differentiation and suggests that ID1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of polycythemia vera. Furthermore, our findings contribute to an increasing body of evidence implicating ID proteins in a wider range of cellular functions than initially appreciated.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41557-018-0149-X
Abstract: Nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin that help the packaging of genetic material while controlling access to the genetic information. The underlying DNA sequence, together with transcription-associated proteins and chromatin remodelling complexes, are important factors that influence the organization of nucleosomes. Here, we show that the naturally occurring DNA modification, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) is linked to tissue-specific nucleosome organization. Our study reveals that 5fC is associated with increased nucleosome occupancy in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that 5fC-associated nucleosomes at enhancers in the mammalian hindbrain and heart are linked to elevated gene expression. Our study also reveals the formation of a reversible-covalent Schiff base linkage between lysines of histone proteins and 5fC within nucleosomes in a cellular environment. We define their specific genomic loci in mouse embryonic stem cells and look into the biological consequences of these DNA-histone Schiff base sites. Collectively, our findings show that 5fC is a determinant of nucleosome organization and plays a role in establishing distinct regulatory regions that control transcription.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2020
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 27-07-2012
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.C.6549508
Abstract: Abstract Cancer cell metabolism is increasingly recognized as providing an exciting therapeutic opportunity. However, a drug that directly couples targeting of a metabolic dependency with the induction of cell death in cancer cells has largely remained elusive. Here we report that the drug-like small-molecule ironomycin reduces the mitochondrial iron load, resulting in the potent disruption of mitochondrial metabolism. Ironomycin promotes the recruitment and activation of BAX/BAK, but the resulting mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) does not lead to potent activation of the apoptotic caspases, nor is the ensuing cell death prevented by inhibiting the previously established pathways of programmed cell death. Consistent with the fact that ironomycin and BH3 mimetics induce MOMP through independent nonredundant pathways, we find that ironomycin exhibits marked i in vitro /i and i in vivo /i synergy with venetoclax and overcomes venetoclax resistance in primary patient s les. Significance: Ironomycin couples targeting of cellular metabolism with cell death by reducing mitochondrial iron, resulting in the alteration of mitochondrial metabolism and the activation of BAX/BAK. Ironomycin induces MOMP through a different mechanism to BH3 mimetics, and consequently combination therapy has marked synergy in cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia. i This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587 /i /
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 23-03-2017
DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2016-09-740308
Abstract: Circulating tumor DNA can monitor disease and predict treatment failure by tracking driver mutations and karyotypic abnormalities in MDS.
Publisher: EMBO
Date: 14-08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1038/NCPONC0454
Abstract: A 60-year-old woman with multiple myeloma relapsed after a good partial response to high-dose chemotherapy (melphalan 200 mg/m(2)) and autologous stem-cell transplantation, followed by thalidomide and prednisolone maintenance therapy. She presented with hematemesis and melena following salvage chemotherapy with dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin, and rescue therapy with single-agent bortezomib. Physical examination, laboratory investigations, gastroscopy, 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-PET (FDG-PET), breast biopsy and histology. Multifocal extramedullary relapse of multiple myeloma involving the stomach and duodenum. High-dose infusion of omeprazole, blood product support, palliative analgesics and anxiolytic agents.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.STEM.2019.07.001
Abstract: Tumors are composed of phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cells that often resemble various differentiation states of their lineage of origin. Within this hierarchy, it is thought that an immature subpopulation of tumor-propagating cancer stem cells (CSCs) differentiates into non-tumorigenic progeny, providing a rationale for therapeutic strategies that specifically eradicate CSCs or induce their differentiation. The clinical success of these approaches depends on CSC differentiation being unidirectional rather than reversible, yet this question remains unresolved even in prototypically hierarchical malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show in murine and human models of AML that, upon perturbation of endogenous expression of the lineage-determining transcription factor PU.1 or withdrawal of established differentiation therapies, some mature leukemia cells can de-differentiate and reacquire clonogenic and leukemogenic properties. Our results reveal plasticity of CSC maturation in AML, highlighting the need to therapeutically eradicate cancer cells across a range of differentiation states.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540936.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-0522
Abstract: Ironomycin couples targeting of cellular metabolism with cell death by reducing mitochondrial iron, resulting in the alteration of mitochondrial metabolism and the activation of BAX/BAK. Ironomycin induces MOMP through a different mechanism to BH3 mimetics, and consequently combination therapy has marked synergy in cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 24-11-2017
DOI: 10.1101/224444
Abstract: Nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin that ensure genome integrity and control access to the genetic information. The organization of nucleosomes is influenced by the underlying DNA sequence itself, transcription factors or other transcriptional machinery associated proteins and chromatin remodeling complexes ( 1–4 ). Herein, we show that the naturally occurring DNA modification, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) contributes to the positioning of nucleosomes. We show that the ability of 5fC to position nucleosomes in vitro is associated with the formation of covalent interactions between histone residues and 5fC in the form of Schiff bases. We demonstrate that similar interactions can occur in a cellular environment and define their specific genomic loci in mouse embryonic stem cells. Collectively, our findings identify 5fC as a determinant of nucleosomal organization in which 5fC plays a role in establishing distinct regulatory regions that are linked to gene expression Our study provides a previously unknown molecular mechanism, involving the formation of reversible-covalent bonds between chromatin and DNA that supports a molecular linkage between DNA sequence, DNA base modification and chromatin structure.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540927.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 28-05-2009
DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2009-01-200048
Abstract: The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Scl/Tal1 controls the development and subsequent differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, because few Scl target genes have been validated to date, the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. In this study, we have used ChIP-Seq technology (coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation with deep sequencing) to generate a genome-wide catalog of Scl-binding events in a stem rogenitor cell line, followed by validation using primary fetal liver cells and comprehensive transgenic mouse assays. Transgenic analysis provided in vivo validation of multiple new direct Scl target genes and allowed us to reconstruct an in vivo validated network consisting of 17 factors and their respective regulatory elements. By coupling ChIP-Seq in model cell lines with in vivo transgenic validation and sophisticated bioinformatic analysis, we have identified a widely applicable strategy for the reconstruction of stem cell regulatory networks in which biologic material is otherwise limiting. Moreover, in addition to revealing multiple previously unrecognized links to known HSC regulators, as well as novel links to genes not previously implicated in HSC function, comprehensive transgenic analysis of regulatory elements provided substantial new insights into the transcriptional control of several important hematopoietic regulators, including Cbfa2t3h/Eto2, Cebpe, Nfe2, Zfpm1/Fog1, Erg, Mafk, Gfi1b, and Myb.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE14888
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540918
Abstract: Supplementary table from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540915
Abstract: Supplementary table from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540933.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NM.4398
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540918.V1
Abstract: Supplementary table from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE23643
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-08-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1445-5994.2005.00877.X
Abstract: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adult patients with a congenital bleeding disorder (CBD) approaches 95% and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Histological examination of the liver remains the cornerstone of management decisions in patients without a CBD. The reluctance to perform liver biopsies in patients with a CBD has been a major limitation in the management of these patients. We are currently the only haemophilia centre in Australasia performing liver biopsies in patients with a CBD for the purpose of guiding prognostic and therapeutic decisions. We report here the results of our centre's experience with transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) in patients with a CBD. An adequate specimen for histological assessment was attained from all of the patients. There were no major complications recorded. Patients were hospitalized for < or = 48 h for haemostasis prophylaxis. The diagnostic specimen obtained from patients was integral in guiding their future management. We suggest that with a coordinated multidisciplinary approach, TJLB can be performed in patients with a CBD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2013
DOI: 10.1038/LEU.2013.338
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540924
Abstract: Supplementary movie from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-023-06017-4
Abstract: Inflammation is a complex physiological process triggered in response to harmful stimuli 1 . It involves cells of the immune system capable of clearing sources of injury and damaged tissues. Excessive inflammation can occur as a result of infection and is a hallmark of several diseases 2–4 . The molecular bases underlying inflammatory responses are not fully understood. Here we show that the cell surface glycoprotein CD44, which marks the acquisition of distinct cell phenotypes in the context of development, immunity and cancer progression, mediates the uptake of metals including copper. We identify a pool of chemically reactive copper (ii) in mitochondria of inflammatory macrophages that catalyses NAD(H) redox cycling by activating hydrogen peroxide. Maintenance of NAD + enables metabolic and epigenetic programming towards the inflammatory state. Targeting mitochondrial copper (ii) with supformin (LCC-12), a rationally designed dimer of metformin, induces a reduction of the NAD(H) pool, leading to metabolic and epigenetic states that oppose macrophage activation. LCC-12 interferes with cell plasticity in other settings and reduces inflammation in mouse models of bacterial and viral infections. Our work highlights the central role of copper as a regulator of cell plasticity and unveils a therapeutic strategy based on metabolic reprogramming and the control of epigenetic cell states.
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 07-2005
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540930.V1
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540924.V1
Abstract: Supplementary movie from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-018-0243-Z
Abstract: Ibrutinib plus venetoclax is a highly effective combination in mantle cell lymphoma. However, strategies to enable the evaluation of therapeutic response are required. Our prospective analyses of patients within the AIM study revealed genomic profiles that clearly dichotomized responders and nonresponders. Mutations in ATM were present in most patients who achieved a complete response, while chromosome 9p21.1-p24.3 loss and/or mutations in components of the SWI-SNF chromatin-remodeling complex were present in all patients with primary resistance and two-thirds of patients with relapsed disease. Circulating tumor DNA analysis revealed that these alterations could be dynamically monitored, providing concurrent information on treatment response and tumor evolution. Functional modeling demonstrated that compromise of the SWI-SNF complex facilitated transcriptional upregulation of BCL2L1 (Bcl-xL) providing a selective advantage against ibrutinib plus venetoclax. Together these data highlight important insights into the molecular basis of therapeutic response and provide a model for real-time assessment of innovative targeted therapies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540927
Abstract: Supplementary Figure from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCELL.2017.12.008
Abstract: Selectively disrupting oncogenic transcription factors in cancer remains an elusive ambition of targeted therapeutics. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Xu et al. provide an elegant proof-of-concept study demonstrating that interaction between MYB and the general transcriptional coactivator TFIID can be specifically disrupted to mediate a therapeutic effect in AML.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 04-04-2023
DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.22540921
Abstract: Supplementary movie from Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death
Publisher: Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica)
Date: 2007
Abstract: Biological therapies in multiple myeloma have heralded a new and exciting era for treatment to combat this disease. However the evolutionary pressures that these drugs place on the microenvironment has resulted in a change in the biological behaviour of this malignancy and novel manifestations of relapsed disease. This is illustrated in our series of three patients showing fulminant relapse of disease with plasmablastic features, an extramedullary predilection and a shift in secretion from intact immunoglobulin to free light chains only.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 21-11-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-106576/V1
Abstract: People with HIV have higher rates of certain comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease and some malignancies, than people without HIV. As somatic mutations associated with age related clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are linked to similar comorbidities in the general population, we hypothesized that CH may be more prevalent in people with HIV. To address this issue, we established a prospective cohort study recruiting 220 HIV-positive and 226 HIV negative participants aged 55 years or older in Australia. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and peripheral blood were collected to assess for the presence of CH mutations and identify potential risk factors for and clinical sequelae of CH. Investigators testing for CH were blinded to participants’ HIV status. In total, 132 CH mutations were identified in 99 (22.2%) of 446 participants. CH was more prevalent in HIV-positive participants than HIV-negative participants (27.7% vs. 16.8%, p =0.006), overall and across all age groups. HIV infection was associated with an increased odds of having CH (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.30-3.38, p=0.002). The most common genes mutated were DNMT3A (48.5%), TET2(20.5%) and ASXL1 (11.4%). CH and HIV infection were independently associated with increases in blood parameters and biomarkers associated with inflammation. These data suggest a selective advantage for the emergence of CH in the context of chronic infection and inflammation related to HIV infection.
Publisher: American Society of Hematology
Date: 28-11-2019
Abstract: In a Perspective, Fennell et al review the current state of epigenetic therapies for acute myeloid leukemia, highlighting their proposed mechanisms of action, the role of the immune system in mediating their response, and the outlook for new agents and combined therapies to maximize their potential efficacy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41580-019-0143-1
Abstract: Chromatin is a macromolecular complex predominantly comprising DNA, histone proteins and RNA. The methylation of chromatin components is highly conserved as it helps coordinate the regulation of gene expression, DNA repair and DNA replication. Dynamic changes in chromatin methylation are essential for cell-fate determination and development. Consequently, inherited or acquired mutations in the major factors that regulate the methylation of DNA, RNA and/or histones are commonly observed in developmental disorders, ageing and cancer. This has provided the impetus for the clinical development of epigenetic therapies aimed at resetting the methylation imbalance observed in these disorders. In this Review, we discuss the cellular functions of chromatin methylation and focus on how this fundamental biological process is corrupted in cancer. We discuss methylation-based cancer therapies and provide a perspective on the emerging data from early-phase clinical trial therapies that target regulators of DNA and histone methylation. We also highlight promising therapeutic strategies, including monitoring chromatin methylation for diagnostic purposes and combination epigenetic therapy strategies that may improve immune surveillance in cancer and increase the efficacy of conventional and targeted anticancer drugs.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 25-10-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.25.513774
Abstract: Transcription factors use DNA binding domains to recognise specific sequences and transactivation domains to recruit the cofactor proteins necessary for transcription. However, how specific cofactors contribute to transactivation at different genes remains unclear. Here, we couple Gal4-transactivation assays with comparative CRISPR-Cas9 screens to identify the cofactors required by nine different transcription factors and nine different core promoters in human cells. We classify cofactors as ubiquitous or specific, discover novel transcriptional co-dependencies and demonstrate that submodules within large co-activator complexes, such as the tail 2 and kinase modules of Mediator, facilitate transcriptional elongation. Rather than displaying discrete mechanisms of action, we discover that each TF requires a unique combination of cofactors, which influence its ability to potentiate distinct steps in the transcriptional process. Our findings help reconcile models of cofactor-promoter compatibility by demonstrating that transcription at different classes of promoters is constrained by either initiation or pause release. These differences dictate cofactor compatibility and the dynamic range of gene expression. Overall, our screens provide insight into TF-cofactor relationships and their ability to potentiate different steps in transcription at different classes of promoters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCELL.2022.09.007
Abstract: There is increasing recognition of the prognostic significance of tumor cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression in anti-cancer immunity. Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has recently been linked to MHC class II silencing in leukemic blasts however, the regulation of MHC class II expression remains incompletely understood. Utilizing unbiased CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identify that the C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) complex transcriptionally represses MHC class II pathway genes, while the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex component FBXO11 mediates degradation of CIITA, the principal transcription factor regulating MHC class II expression. Targeting these repressive mechanisms selectively induces MHC class II upregulation across a range of AML cell lines. Functionally, MHC class II
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-16828-Y
Abstract: B lymphoid development is initiated by the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into lineage committed progenitors, ultimately generating mature B cells. This highly regulated process generates clonal immunological ersity via recombination of immunoglobulin V, D and J gene segments. While several transcription factors that control B cell development and V(D)J recombination have been defined, how these processes are initiated and coordinated into a precise regulatory network remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcription factor ETS Related Gene ( Erg ) is essential for early B lymphoid differentiation. Erg initiates a transcriptional network involving the B cell lineage defining genes, Ebf1 and Pax5 , which directly promotes expression of key genes involved in V(D)J recombination and formation of the B cell receptor. Complementation of Erg deficiency with a productively rearranged immunoglobulin gene rescued B lineage development, demonstrating that Erg is an essential and stage-specific regulator of the gene regulatory network controlling B lymphopoiesis.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13059-021-02401-3
Abstract: The human microbiome plays an important role in cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that commensal microbiome-derived DNA may be represented in minute quantities in the cell-free DNA of human blood and could possibly be harnessed as a new cancer biomarker. However, there has been limited use of rigorous experimental controls to account for contamination, which invariably affects low-biomass microbiome studies. We apply a combination of 16S-rRNA-gene sequencing and droplet digital PCR to determine if the specific detection of cell-free microbial DNA (cfmDNA) is possible in metastatic melanoma patients. Compared to matched stool and saliva s les, the absolute concentration of cfmDNA is low but significantly above the levels detected from negative controls. The microbial community of plasma is strongly influenced by laboratory and reagent contaminants introduced during the DNA extraction and sequencing processes. Through the application of an in silico decontamination strategy including the filtering of licon sequence variants (ASVs) with batch dependent abundances and those with a higher prevalence in negative controls, we identify known gut commensal bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium , Bacteroides and Ruminococcus , and also other uncharacterised ASVs. We analyse additional plasma s les, highlighting the potential of this framework to identify differences in cfmDNA between healthy and cancer patients. Together, these observations indicate that plasma can harbour a low yet detectable level of cfmDNA. The results highlight the importance of accounting for contamination and provide an analytical decontamination framework to allow the accurate detection of cfmDNA for future biomarker studies in cancer and other diseases.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2005
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-10-2023
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2017
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2014
Funder: Wellcome Trust
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2019
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 07-2022
End Date: 06-2025
Amount: $515,698.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity