ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5136-1346
Current Organisations
University of Adelaide
,
Massey University
,
University of Otago
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-05-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S12571-021-01167-7
Abstract: Indigenous food systems of Pacific Small Island Developing Countries contain vast biological and cultural ersity. However, a nutrition transition is underway, characterized by shifts away from traditional diets in favour of imported and modern foods, contributing to some of the highest rates of obesity and Diabetes Type 2 Mellitus in the world. Using a mixed method approach, this study aimed to assess dietary agrobio ersity’s relationship with nutrition indicators related to diet quality and anthropometrics within the context of the rural and Indigenous food system of Baniata village, located in the Western Province of Solomon Islands (Melanesia). A secondary aim was to evaluate the contribution of agrobio ersity from the local food system to diet quality. A comprehensive nutrition survey was administered to the women primarily responsible for cooking of randomly selected households ( n = 30). Additionally, 14 participatory focus group discussions captured the historical narrative of food system transitions, were hosted over a period of seven days, and included men, women and youth. Dietary intakes of the participants were reported below the estimated average requirement (EAR) for several essential nutrients, including protein (53%), calcium (96.6%), vitamin B1 (86.6%), vitamin B2 (80%), vitamin A (80%), zinc (40%) and fibre (77%). Focus group participants built a timeline of key historical and climatic transitions perceived to be drivers of dietary shifts away from traditional foods and towards imported and processed foods. Participants identified 221 species and varieties of agrobio erse foods available for cultivation or wild collection. Based on 24 h diet recalls, 87 were found to be utilised. Participants who consumed foods of a wider ersity of species richness had a higher probability of achieving recommended nutrition intakes and a lower body fat percentage (r 2 = 0.205 p = 0.012). Our results suggest a nutrition transition is underway, and strategies harnessing traditional knowledge of nutrient-dense, agrobio erse foods can help improve food and nutrition security.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12968
Abstract: To determine the association between dietary protein intake and change in grip strength (GS) over time among Māori and non‐Māori of advanced age. Protein intake was estimated from 2×24h multiple pass recall (MPR) in 554 participants, and GS was measured yearly over five years. Anthropometric, physical activity and health data were collected. The median weight‐adjusted protein intake was low (for Māori and non‐Māori men 1.05 and 0.98g/kg/day for Māori and non‐Māori women 0.87 and 0.91g/kg/day, respectively). There was a general decrease in GS over five years (mean % change of −2.38 ± 15.32 and −4.49 ± 21.92 for Māori and non‐Māori women and −5.47 ± 16.09 and −1.81 ± 13.16 for Māori and non‐Māori men yearly). Intake of protein was not related to GS at any of the five‐year assessment points nor was it related to change over time. Protein intake was low in this cohort of octogenarians and was not protective against loss of GS over five years.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-06-2020
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE8020151
Abstract: Undernutrition is highly prevalent among community-dwelling older adults. Early identification of nutrition risk is important to prevent or treat undernutrition. This study describes the prevalence rates of nutrition risk in community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥ 65) using the same validated tool across different countries and aims to identify differences in nutritional risk factors. Cross-sectional data was obtained from three datasets including participants from the Netherlands (NL), Canada (CA) and New Zealand (NZ). Seniors in the Community Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition II (SCREEN II) was used to assess nutritional risk factors and prevalence of risk. Differences between countries were tested with logistic and linear regression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the influence of s ling strategy. A total of 13,340 participants were included, and 66.3% were found to be at high nutrition risk. After stratifying the data for method of data s ling, prevalence rates showed some differences across countries (NL: 61.5%, NZ: 68.2%, CA: 70.1%). Risk factor items that contributed to nutrition risk also differed among countries: NZ and CA participants scored higher for weight change, skipping meals, problems with meal preparation, use of meal replacements, problems with biting and chewing, low fluid intake and problems with doing groceries, as compared to participants in NL. Low intake of fruits and vegetables and meat were more prevalent in NL. In conclusion: nutrition risk is a worldwide, highly prevalent problem among community-dwelling older adults, but risk factors contributing to nutrition risk differ by country.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-07-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-07-2021
Abstract: The high prevalence of non-communicable disease in New Zealand (NZ) is driven in part by unhealthy diet selections, with food costs contributing to an increased risk for vulnerable population groups. This study aimed to: (i) identify the nutrient density-to-cost ratio of NZ foods (ii) model the impact of substituting foods with a lower nutrient density-to-cost ratio with those with a higher nutrient density-to-cost ratio on diet quality and affordability in representative NZ population s les for low and medium socioeconomic status (SES) households by ethnicity and (iii) evaluate food processing level. Foods were categorized, coded for processing level and discretionary status, analyzed for nutrient density and cost, and ranked by nutrient density-to-cost ratio. The top quartile of nutrient dense, low-cost foods were 56% unprocessed (vegetables, fruit, porridge, pasta, rice, nuts/seeds), 31% ultra-processed (vegetable dishes, fortified bread, breakfast cereals unfortified g sugars/100 g and fortified 15–30 g sugars/100 g), 6% processed (fruit juice), and 6% culinary processed (oils). Using substitution modeling, diet quality improved by 59% and 71% for adults and children, respectively, and affordability increased by 20–24%, depending on ethnicity and SES. The NZ diet can be made healthier and more affordable when nutritious, low-cost foods are selected. Processing levels in the healthier, modeled diet suggest that some non-discretionary ultra-processed foods may provide a valuable source of low-cost nutrition for food insecure populations.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-11-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516003597
Abstract: A high prevalence of undernutrition has previously been reported in indigenous Māori (49 %) and non-Māori (38 %) octogenarians and may be associated with risk of micronutrient deficiencies. We examined vitamin and mineral intakes and the contributing food sources among 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori participating in Life and Living to Advanced age a Cohort Study in New Zealand, using a repeat 24-h multiple-pass recall. More than half of the Māori and non-Māori participants had intakes below the estimated average requirement from food alone for Ca, Mg and Se. Vitamin B 6 (Māori women only), folate (women only), vitamin E (Māori women all men) and Zn (men only) were low in these ethnic and sex subgroups. Women had intakes of higher nutrient density in folate, vitamin C, Ca, Mg, K, vitamin A (non-Māori) and β -carotene (Māori) compared with men ( P ·05). When controlling for age and physical function, β -carotene, folate, vitamin C, Ca and Mg were no longer significantly different, but vitamins B 2 , B 12 , E and D, Fe, Na, Se and Zn became significantly different for Māori between men and women. When controlling for age and physical function, vitamins A and C and Ca were no longer significantly different, but vitamin B 2 , Fe, Na and Zn became significantly different for non-Māori between men and women. For those who took nutritional supplements, Māori were less likely to be deficient in food alone intake of vitamin A, folate and Mg, whereas non-Maori were less likely to be deficient in intakes of Mg, K and Zn, but more likely to be deficient in vitamin B 12 intake. A lack of harmonisation in nutrient recommendations hinders the interpretation of nutrient adequacy nonetheless, Ca, Mg and Se are key micronutrients of concern. Milk and cheese were important contributions to Ca intake, whereas bread was a key source of Mg and Se. Examination of dietary intake related to biochemical status and health outcomes will establish the utility of these observations.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007441477
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and health beliefs regarding osteoporosis risk factors of New Zealand women aged 20–49 years. A descriptive, web-based survey. An opportunistic s le of 622 women aged between 20 and 49 years living in Auckland, New Zealand was recruited by email. There was a moderate level of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors among the women surveyed, with a mean total score for all subjects of 16.4 (standard deviation (SD) 4.0) out of a possible 26 correct responses. Mean scores for osteoporosis knowledge were statistically different by age group, with women aged 40–49 years scoring higher than those aged 30–39 years and 20–29 years (17.3 (SD 4.0), 16.4 (SD 4.1) and 15.8 (SD 3.9), respectively, P 0.001). Overall, about a third of the women perceived that they were likely to develop osteoporosis and 22% believed the disease to be potentially crippling. Most women were aware of the benefits of exercise and optimal calcium nutrition in preventing osteoporosis. Few women perceived barriers to exercise participation and eating calcium-rich foods. Older women (40–49 years) were more motivated to take care of their health than younger women ( P 0.001). A large percentage of subjects (77%) thought that calcium-rich foods contained too much cholesterol. Despite reporting higher than average educational attainment and health consciousness, these women demonstrated average levels of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors. They had low feelings of susceptibility towards development of osteoporosis, but most considered it to be a serious disease.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-08-2023
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.793
Abstract: Unhealthy food and drinks are widely available in New Zealand school canteens. The aim of this study was to assess primary school canteen food menus against the newly implemented Ministry of Health ‘ Food and Drink Guidance for Schools’ . A convenience s le of 133 primary school canteen menus was collected in 2020 as part of the baseline evaluation of the Healthy Active Learning initiative across New Zealand. A menu analysis toolkit was developed to assess menus in accordance with the Ministry of Health's ‘ Food and Drink Guidance for Schools’ which classifies food items into three food categories: ‘green’, ‘amber’ and ‘red’ . Most menu items belonged to the less healthy amber (41.0%) and red (40%) food categories. Low decile schools had a lower percentage of green food items (8.6%) and a higher percentage of red food items (48.3%) compared to high decile schools. Sandwiches, filled rolls and wraps were the most commonly available items, followed by baked foods and foods with pastry. Over half of the in‐house canteen menu items were classified as ‘red’ foods (55.3%). Most school canteens were not meeting the guidelines for healthy food and drink provision outlined by the Ministry of Health. Improving the food environment for children in socio‐economically deprived areas needs to be prioritised to reduce inequities. This study highlights the unhealthy food environments in New Zealand schools and emphasises the need for more robust national policies and mandated school guidance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Abstract: To investigate the associations between nutrition risk status, body composition and physical performance among community-dwelling older New Zealanders. This cross-sectional study enrolled 257 community-dwelling older adults (median age 79 years). Assessments included the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA®-SF) for nutrition risk the Eating Assessment Tool-10 for dysphagia risk bioimpedance analysis for body composition (free fat mass (FFM) and percentage body fat) and gait speed for physical performance. A multiple logistics regression analysis was conducted, to determine factors associated with lower odds [OR (95% CI)] for nutrition risk. Every yearly increase in age was associated with higher odds 1.09 (1.01-1.17) for nutrition risk. Additionally, nutrition risk was less likely to occur among participants of age <85 years 0.30 (0.11-0.79), with no dysphagia 0.29 (0.09-0.97) and those with a healthy gait speed 0.29 (0.09-0.97). Lower odds for nutrition risk were also found with increasing values of FFM index 0.51 (0.34-0.77), and percentage body fat 0.81 (0.72-0.90). Gait speed was positively correlated with FFM index (r=0.19 p<0.022), percentage body fat (r=0.23, p=0.006) and BMI (r=0.29, p<0.001). Among these participants, associations between nutrition risk, body composition and physical performance were found. Implications for public health: Routine screening of nutrition risk and/or physical performance among vulnerable older adults is key towards identifying those in need of assessment and dietary intervention. Alongside strategies to encourage physical activity, this may help to slow losses of FFM and protect physical performance.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12072079
Abstract: Protein intake, food sources and distribution are important in preventing age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. The prevalence and determinants of low protein intake, food sources and mealtime distribution were examined in 214 Māori and 360 non-Māori of advanced age using two 24 h multiple pass recalls. The contribution of food groups to protein intake was assessed. Low protein intake was defined as ≤0.75 g/kg for women and ≤0.86 g/kg for men. A logistic regression model was built to explore predictors of low protein intake. A third of both women (30.9%) and men (33.3%) had a low protein intake. The main food group sources were beef/veal, fish/seafood, milk, bread though they differed by gender and ethnicity. For women and men respectively protein intake (g/meal) was lowest at breakfast (10.1 and 13.0), followed by lunch (14.5 and 17.8) and dinner (23.3 and 34.2). Being a woman (p = 0.003) and having depressive symptoms (p = 0.029) were associated with consuming less protein. In adjusted models the odds of adequate protein intake were higher in participants with their own teeth or partial dentures (p = 0.036). Findings highlight the prevalence of low protein intake, uneven mealtime protein distribution and importance of dentition for adequate protein intake among adults in advanced age.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 14-11-2022
DOI: 10.1071/HC22104
Abstract: Introduction There is a high prevalence of malnutrition among older adults entering residential aged care (RAC). Aim To determine whether 60 mL of a compact oral nutrition supplement (ONS daily total: 576 kcal, 35 g protein) consumed four times daily with medication rounds improves malnutrition status, body weight, and body composition measures among older adults in RAC. Methods Residents (n = 20 mean age: 86.7 ± 6.8 years 50% female) screened for malnutrition (20% malnourished, 80% at risk of malnutrition) using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-short form were recruited during April–June 2021. Participants received 60 mL of an ONS four times daily using the Medication Pass Nutrition Supplement Programme (Med Pass). The ONS intake and participant compliance were recorded. Body mass index, fat, and muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance), malnutrition risk, depressive symptoms, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and following the 18-week intervention. Results Median overall compliance was 98.6%. An ONS intake did not significantly increase mean ± s.d. any body composition measures or improve health and wellbeing outcomes however, it resulted in increased body weight and body mass index (BMI 13/20 (65%) participants), body fat mass and percentage (10/16 (63%) participants) and muscle mass (9/16 (56%) participants). Malnutrition risk scores improved in 65% (13/20) of participants, resulting in 10% being assessed as malnourished, 65% at risk of malnutrition, and 25% with normal nutrition status. Discussion Delivery of a compact oral nutrition supplement with the medication round was accepted by residents. Its efficacy in improving malnutrition risk and body composition among residents warrants further investigation.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-02-2020
Abstract: This study assessed the nutritional status among householders in urban South Tarawa and rural Butaritari in Kiribati. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed energy and nutrient intakes, food variety scores, and dietary ersity scores of men and women from 468 households randomly selected in South Tarawa (n = 161) and Butaritari (n = 307) using a 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient adequacy ratios and mean adequacy ratios of selected nutrients were also determined from 3-day weighed food records collected among participants living in a further 28 households from South Tarawa (n = 29) and Butaritari (n = 44). Based on the 24-hour dietary recall, the average energy intake for men and women was 2536 kcals and 2068 kcals, respectively. Carbohydrate (CHO), fat, and protein intakes for men and women were 332.5 g, 76.5 g, and 130.4 g and 291.7 g, 55.1 g, and 103.5 g, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of household Food Variety Score and Dietary Diversity Score was 3.90 ± 1.25 and 5.44 ± 1.92, respectively. Intakes of vitamin A, calcium, and iron, and zinc were notably deficient in both locations, with the urban participants having lower intakes of vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, magnesium, and potassium than their rural counterparts. Mean sodium intakes exceeded recommendations for all age groups in South Tarawa except children aged 4 to 6 years. Food consumption patterns of the households in South Tarawa and Butaritari reflected high consumption of nontraditional diets and refined foods, which manifested in inadequate micronutrient intake estimates and low dietary ersity: strong risk factors for noncommunicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.15499
Abstract: To adapt the validated Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Pre‐schooler (NutriSTEP), for use in New Zealand and test its reliability to identify nutrition risk in pre‐school children aged 2–5 years, as a parent administered questionnaire. Adaptations to the Canadian NutriSTEP were undertaken by three registered dietitians (expert review), followed by intercept interviews with pre‐schooler parents ( n = 26). A second expert review was conducted to finalise the adaptions for online reliability testing. A further 79 pre‐schooler parents completed online administrations of the Canadian and adapted NutriSTEP tools, 4 weeks apart in a blinded manner. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to verify test–retest reliability between the administrations. In idual questionnaire items were verified for reliability between administrations through Cohen's κ statistic ( κ ), Pearson's χ 2 value and Fisher's exact test. Online administrations of the Canadian and adapted NutriSTEP tools were determined to be reliable (ICC = 0.91 P 0.001). Between NutriSTEP administrations, 13 out of 17 questionnaire items had adequate ( κ 0.5) agreement, one item had excellent agreement ( κ 0.75) with a significant relationship ( P 0.05) between all items. Sensitivity for the adapted NutriSTEP was higher for pre‐schoolers at nutrition risk (31.6%) versus the Canadian version (20.3%). Risk items were highest for low intake of breads and cereals (58.2%), milk and milk products (51.9%), meat and meat alternatives (40.5%), child controlling the amount consumed (35.4%) and vegetable intake (34.2%). The Canadian NutriSTEP and the adapted NutriSTEP were reliable between online administrations when completed by parents in the community. The adapted NutriSTEP identified an additional nine preschoolers at increased nutrition risk, demonstrating increased sensitivity in comparison to the Canadian NutriSTEP. Nutrition risk can be identified in early childhood to prevent the development of chronic disease. The adapted NutriSTEP should be considered for future use to identify preschoolers at increased nutrition risk and guide appropriate nutrition intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Abstract: To investigate factors related to hospital admission for infection, specifically examining nutrient intakes of Māori in advanced age (80+ years). Face-to-face interviews with 200 Māori (85 men) to obtain demographic, social and health information. Diagnoses were validated against medical records. Detailed nutritional assessment using the 24-hour multiple-pass recall method was collected on two separate days. FOODfiles was used to analyse nutrient intake. National Health Index (NHI) numbers were matched to hospitalisations over a two-year period (12 months prior and 12 months following dietary assessment). Selected International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes were used to identify admissions related to infection. A total of 18% of participants were hospitalised due to infection, most commonly lower respiratory tract infection. Controlling for age, gender, NZ deprivation index, diabetes, CVD and chronic lung disease, a lower energy-adjusted protein intake was independently associated with hospitalisation due to infection: OR (95%CI) 1.14 (1.00-1.29), p=0.046. Protein intake may have a protective effect on the nutrition-related morbidity of older Māori. Improving dietary protein intake is a simple strategy for dietary modification aiming to decrease the risk of infections that lead to hospitalisation and other morbidities.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 19-07-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-08-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10081090
Abstract: Advanced-age adults may be at risk of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency due to low food intake and poor absorption. This study aimed to investigate the intake and adequacy of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 and their relationship with respective biomarker status. Face-to-face interviews with 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori included a detailed dietary assessment using 2 × 24-h multiple pass recalls. Serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, red blood cell folate, serum folate, serum vitamin B12 and hemoglobin were available at baseline. Regression techniques were used to estimate the association between dietary intake and biomarkers. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) was met by most participants ( %) for dietary iron and vitamin B12 ( %) but less than half ( %) for folate. Increased dietary folate intake was associated with increased red blood cell (RBC) folate for Māori (p = 0.001), non-Māori (p = 0.014) and serum folate for Māori (p 0.001). Folate intake µg/day was associated with reduced risk of deficiency in RBC folate for Māori (p = 0.001). Strategies are needed to optimize the intake and bioavailability of foods rich in folate. There were no significant associations between dietary iron and vitamin B12 intake and their respective biomarkers, serum iron and serum vitamin B12.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-010-0305-5
Abstract: To assess the nutrition risk status of community living older people and to identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study using convenience s ling. North Shore City, Auckland, New Zealand. Data collection was carried out by a research nutritionist using computer assisted personal interviewing in the participant's own home. Fifty-one independently living people aged between 80 and 85 years. A survey using three validated questionnaires: Practitioner Assessment of Network Type (PANT) to evaluate social networks Elderly Assessment System (EASY-Care) to evaluate physical and mental wellbeing and Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition Version II (SCREEN II) to assess nutrition risk. A third of the participants (31%) were at high risk of malnutrition (SCREEN II score <50 range 29-58 out of maximum score of 64). The majority of participants (82%) lived alone and nearly half (47%) had supportive social networks including close relationships with local family, friends and neighbours. Low self-rated health, disability and social factors (being born outside of New Zealand, losing a spouse and loneliness) were key underlying factors associated with being at nutrition risk. Nutrition risk is common among aged in iduals living in the community. Health and social factors that shape eating behaviours place older people at increased nutrition risk. Strategies are needed for the early identification of risk factors to prevent nutrition problems. Engaging older people at risk to share meal preparation and dining experiences may foster better outcomes.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 13-12-2019
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 13-07-2022
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 27-04-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NU15041011
Abstract: Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of caffeine due to a lack of tolerance, their small size, changing brain physiology, and increasing independence. Concerns about adolescent caffeine consumption relate to potentially serious physiological and psychological effects following consumption. Motivations driving caffeine intake are not well understood among adolescents but are important to understand to reduce harmful behavioural patterns. This study explored caffeine consumption habits (sources, amount, frequency) of New Zealand adolescents and factors motivating caffeine consumption and avoidance. The previously validated caffeine consumption habits questionnaire (CaffCo) was completed by 216 participants (15–18 years), with most (94.9%) consuming at least one caffeinated product daily. Chocolate, coffee, tea, and kola drinks were the most consumed sources. The median caffeine intake was 68 mg·day−1. Gender (boy) and being employed influenced the source, but not the quantity of caffeine consumed. One-fifth (21.2%) of adolescents consumed more than the recommended European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) safe level (3 mg·kg−1·day−1). Taste, energy, and temperature were the main motivators for consumption, and increased energy, excitement, restlessness, and sleep disturbances were reported effects following caffeine consumption. This study provides information on caffeinated product consumption among New Zealand adolescents, some of whom consumed caffeine above the EFSA safe level. Public health initiatives directed at adolescents may be important to reduce potential caffeine-related harm.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12952
Abstract: To determine the nutrition risk prevalence and associated health and social risk factors amongst community‐living Māori and non‐Māori older adults in New Zealand. As part of the 2014 Health, Work and Retirement postal survey, 2914 community‐living older adults (749 Māori) aged 49‐87 years completed the Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II‐AB) to determine nutrition risk status and sociodemographic and health measures. Half (50.2%) of Māori and 32.7% of non‐Māori were at nutrition risk. Independent risk factors were as follows: for Māori, being unpartnered and rating general health as fair, and for non‐Māori, being unpartnered and rating general health as fair or poor, lower life satisfaction, higher number of health conditions and emotional loneliness. Findings highlight the need for culturally appropriate intervention strategies, which provide opportunity for older adults to eat with others, especially for those who are unpartnered and lonely.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 13-03-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2018
Abstract: To establish the prevalence of nutrition risk and associated risk factors among adults of advanced age newly admitted to hospital. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in adults aged over 85 years admitted to one of two hospital wards in Auckland within the previous 5 days. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to establish participant's socio-demographic and health characteristics. Markers of body composition and muscle strength were collected. Nutrition risk was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), dysphagia risk using the 10-Item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and level of cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. A total of 88 participants with a mean age of 90.0 ± 3.7 years completed the assessments. A third (28.4%) of the participants were categorised by the MNA-SF as malnourished and 43.2% were classified at risk of malnutrition. A third (29.5%) were at risk of dysphagia as assessed by EAT-10. Malnourished participants were more likely to be at risk of dysphagia (P = 0.015). The MNA-SF score was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.484, P < 0.001) and grip strength (r = 0.250, P = 0.026) and negatively correlated with risk of dysphagia (r = -0.383, P < 0.001). Among newly hospitalised adults of advanced age, over two thirds were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, and a third were at risk of dysphagia. Nutrition risk was positively correlated with low BMI and grip strength and negatively correlated with dysphagia risk. Findings highlight the importance of screening for dysphagia risk, especially in those identified to be malnourished or at nutrition risk.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-04-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14091837
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated risk factors among older adults living in three residential aged care (RAC) facilities within Auckland, New Zealand. A total of 91 older adults (63% women, mean age ± SD 86.0 ± 8.3 years) were recruited. Using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria, sarcopenia was diagnosed from the assessment of: appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2, using an InBody S10 body composition analyser and a SECA portable stadiometer or ulna length to estimate standing height grip strength using a JAMAR handheld dynamometer and physical performance with a 2.4-m gait speed test. Malnutrition risk was assessed using the Mini Nutrition Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF). Most (83%) of residents were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, and 41% were sarcopenic. Multivariate regression analysis showed lower body mass index (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7, p = 0.003) and lower MNA-SF score (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.4, p = 0.047) were predictive of sarcopenia after controlling for age, level of care, depression, and number of medications. Findings highlight the need for regular malnutrition screening in RAC to prevent the development of sarcopenia, where low weight or unintentional weight loss should prompt sarcopenia screening and assessment.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 15-08-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422422000154
Abstract: Habitual dietary intakes and nutrition behaviours developed during childhood and adolescence pave the way for similar behaviours to manifest in adulthood. Childhood obesity rates have now reached a point where one in six children globally are classified as overweight or obese. Schools have the unique ability to reach almost all children during key developmental stages, making them an ideal setting for influencing children’s nutrition behaviours. Evidence suggests the school food environment is not always conducive to healthy food choices and may be obesogenic. The aim of this narrative review is to explore factors that influence the healthy food and drink environment in and around schools in New Zealand. The review focused on evidence from New Zealand and Australia given the close resemblance in education systems and school food guidance. Using the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework, the school food environment was categorised into the following domains: economic, political, physical and socio-cultural factors. Findings suggest that food policies are not utilised within schools, and guidelines to improve the school food environment are not well implemented. Canteen profit models, lack of staff support and resources, and higher availability of low-cost unhealthy foods are among barriers that hinder implementation. This review highlights recommendations from existing evidence, including canteen pricing strategies, restriction of unhealthy foods and using peer modelling in a time-scarce curriculum to improve the school food environment. Key areas for improvement, opportunities to enhance policy implementation and untapped avenues to improve the food and nutrition behaviours of children are highlighted.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 13-12-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-06-2015
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYV103
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-015-0514-Z
Abstract: To establish the prevalence of high nutrition risk and associated health and social risk factors for New Zealand Māori and non-Māori in advanced age. A cross sectional analysis of inception cohorts to LiLACS NZ. Bay of Plenty and Lakes region of the North Island, New Zealand. 255 Māori and 400 non- Māori octogenarians. Nutrition risk was assessed using a validated questionnaire Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II). Demographic, social, physical and health characteristics were established using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed with the SF-12, depressive symptoms using the GDS-15. Half (49%) of Māori and 38% of non-Māori participants were at high nutrition risk (SCREEN II score <49). Independent risk factors were for Māori younger age (p=0.04), lower education (p=0.03), living alone (p<0.001), depressive symptoms (p=0.01). For non- Māori high nutrition risk was associated with female gender (p=0.005), living alone (p=0.002), a lower physical health related quality of life (p=0.02) and depressive symptoms (p=0.002). Traditional risk factors apply to both Māori and non-Māori whilst education as indicative of low socioeconomic status is an additional risk factor for Māori. High nutrition risk impacts health related quality of life for non-Māori. Interventions which socially facilitate eating are especially important for women and for Māori to maintain cultural practices and could be initiated by routine screening.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-014-0502-8
Abstract: To determine the nutrition risk status and factors associated with nutrition risk among older adults enrolled in the Brief Risk Identification Geriatric Health Tool (BRIGHT Trial). A cluster randomised controlled trial. Three main centres in New Zealand. A total of 3,893 older adults were recruited from 60 general practices in three of the District Health Board (DHB) regions aged 75 years and older (or 65 years and older if Māori). Nutrition risk was assessed using the Australian Nutrition Screening Initiative (ANSI). Validated questionnaires were used to establish quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), physical function (the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living) and depressive symptoms (15 item Geriatric Depression Scale). Demographic, standard of living and health data were established. Sixty two percent of participants were identified to be at moderate or high nutrition risk. The mean ANSI score was 4.9 (range 0-21, maximum 29). Factors which independently predicted moderate or high nutrition risk were female gender, being Māori and other ethnicities versus European, not being married, taking multiple medications, having more depressive symptoms, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Protective factors independently related to low nutrition risk were living with others, higher physical and social health related QOL and higher functional status. WHOQOL environmental and psychological factors were not associated with nutrition risk when other predictive factors were taken into account. Nearly two thirds of participants were identified to be at higher nutrition risk. Women, living alone, taking multiple medications, with depressive symptoms, cardiovascular disease and ndiabetes were factors associated with higher nutrition risk. Those at low nutrition risk had a better functional status and physical and social health related QOL.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-01-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-013-0361-8
Abstract: To determine the validity of the nutrition screening tool 'Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, version II' (SCREEN II) among a purposive s le of octogenarians. Cross-sectional validation study. Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Forty-five community-living residents aged 85-86 years. Equal proportions of participants were recruited at low, medium and high nutrition risk based on their SCREEN II score 12 months prior. Nutrition risk was assessed using SCREEN II. Demographic and health data were established. Using established criterion a dietitian's nutrition risk rating assessment ranked participants from low risk (score of 1) to high risk (score of 10). The assessment included a medical history, anthropometric measures and dietary intake. Dietary intake was established from three 24 hour multiple pass recalls (MPR). A Spearman's correlation determined the association between the SCREEN II score and the dietitian's risk score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were completed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off point for high nutrition risk. The SCREEN II score was significantly correlated with the dietitian's risk rating (rs = -0.76 (p<0.01). A newly defined cut-off point <49 was established for high nutrition risk derived from ROC curves and AUC (0.87, p < 0.01) sensitivity 90% and specificity 86%. SCREEN II is a simple, easy to use, 14 item questionnaire and appears to be a valid tool for detection of nutrition risk people aged 85-86 years.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-11-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13124236
Abstract: Caffeine-related health incidents in New Zealand have escalated over the last two decades. In order to reduce the risk of substance-related harm, it is important to understand the consumers’ motivations for its use. This is especially true for tertiary students who are presumed to be at a higher risk due to seeking out caffeine’s well-known cognitive benefits as well as the targeted marketing of such products to young adults. This study examined the habits and motivations for caffeine consumption in tertiary students in New Zealand. A previously validated caffeine consumption-habits (CaffCo) questionnaire was administered online to 317 tertiary students (n = 169 females), aged ≥16 years. Of the 99.1% of participants who regularly consumed caffeine, coffee (76.3%) tea (71.6%) and chocolate (81.7%) consumption were the most prevalent. Motivations for caffeinated-product consumption differed according to caffeine source. Tea was consumed for the warmth and taste, coffee was consumed to stay awake and for warmth, and chocolate, for the taste and as a treat. Marketing was not identified by participants as influencing their consumption of caffeinated products. Knowledge of motivations for caffeine consumption may assist in identifying strategies to reduce caffeine intake in those New Zealand tertiary students who regularly consume amounts of caffeine that exceed safe level.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-08-2011
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1079/PHN2002353
Abstract: To identify consumer attitudes and beliefs about (liquid) milk that may be barriers to consumption. Two random-quota telephone surveys conducted in Auckland one year apart. Respondents were questioned about their usual milk intake and their attitudes to milk. The questionnaire included attitude items that reflected the main themes of consumer interest in milk. New Zealand. Seven hundred and thirteen respondents in the baseline survey and a separate s le of 719 respondents in the follow-up survey. At least one-third of the respondents consumed less than a glass (250ml) of milk a day. Non-consumption was highest in young women (15%). People's concerns about milk related to what was important in their lives what threatens them physically and emotionally. Women held more positive attitudes but they were concerned about the fat content of milk. Men were less aware of milk's nutritional benefits and as a result were less appreciative of its value. There is an opportunity to develop public health initiatives to address the barriers to drinking milk. Industry–health alliances may be an effective means to provide positive nutrition messages about milk and to engage the support of health professionals.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 07-05-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-010-0120-Z
Abstract: The oldest old (85+) are the fastest growing population segment in New Zealand. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death and is associated with various risk factors including risk of undernutrition. To determine if there is an association between CVD and nutrition risk in advanced age. Three North Island locations (rural and urban areas) in New Zealand. 108 participants aged 85 years (75-79 for Maori). Comprehensive health assessments were undertaken. Clinically manifest CVD was pre-defined and ascertained from interviews and hospitalisation records. Nutrition risk was assessed using a validated questionnaire-Seniors in the Community: Risk evaluation for eating and nutrition, Version II (SCREEN II). 72 participants (67%) had CVD (49% men) 52% of participants had a SCREEN II score < 50. Those with CVD had lower HDL level [median(IQR)] [1.4(0.7) vs. 1.6(0.6)] (p=0.041), and higher waist circumference [97.5(19.1) vs. 89.3(20.6)] (p=0.043) compared to those without CVD. Those with CVD were at no greater nutrition risk than those without CVD (SCREEN II score: [49(7) vs. 51(10)] (p=0.365). Using logistic regression controlling for confounders, SCREEN II scores trended towards an inverse association with CVD (p=0.10). Two thirds of the study participants had CVD and half were at risk of undernutrition. Nutrition risk was mildly associated with CVD. This study provides further evidence that those in advanced age are at risk of undernutrition. Further research is needed to establish how the causes and consequences of CVD are related to nutrition risk.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2019.104502
Abstract: The aim of this qualitative inquiry was to explore older New Zealanders perspectives and experiences of food and nutrition intake, to gain insights to factors that influence vulnerability to malnutrition risk at older age. Participants represented an ethnically erse group of nutritionally vulnerable older adults (five malnourished and nine at risk), with most participants identifying as having an illness severity of moderate or severe. Thematic content analysis was performed using an integrated approach and took into account participants' nutritional status as determined using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Six key themes emerged. Almost all participants reported they had reduced their food intake and felt that eating less, was the 'logical' thing to do as they were now undertaking less physical activity. They described eating as a chore they ate because they 'had to keep going', but hardly ever felt hungry (low appetite) they had lost interest in eating, and no longer found food fanciful. Being in the company of others encouraged eating except in stressful situations such as caring for an ill spouse. They had a preference for foods they had grown up with but could no longer readily access or needed to avoid some foods because of coexisting conditions or illnesses, food intolerance and chewing difficulties. Finally, participants tried to eat foods best for their health. The notion of healthy eating as consuming "more vegetables" was widely held, with some participants explaining this meant "less fat and less sugar". Overall, the low food intake reported by these participants appears shaped by a myriad of sociocultural and health related factors. The findings can be used as a foundation to develop strategies for preventing vulnerability to malnutrition with advancing age.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13051493
Abstract: Adverse effects associated with excessive caffeine consumption combined with increasing numbers and availability of caffeine-containing products are causes for concern. Tertiary students may be at increased risk of consuming excessive amounts of caffeine due to seeking caffeinated products with well-known wakefulness effects and cognitive benefits. This study explored caffeine consumption habits of New Zealand tertiary students (317 ≥16-years) using a previously validated caffeine consumption habits (CaffCo) questionnaire. Most (99.1%) regularly consumed caffeinated products, especially chocolate, coffee and tea, with coffee, tea and energy drinks contributing most to total caffeine intake. Median estimated caffeine intake was 146.73 mg·day−1, or 2.25 mg·kgbw−1·day−1. Maximum and minimum intakes were 1988.14 mg·day−1 (23.51 mg·kgbw−1·day−1) and 0.07 mg·day−1 (0.02 mg·kgbw−1·day−1), respectively. One-third (34.4%) of caffeine consumers ingested caffeine above the adverse effect level (3 mg·kgbw−1·day−1) and 14.3% above the safe limit (400 mg·day−1). Most caffeine consumers (84.7%), reported experiencing at least one ‘adverse symptom’ post-caffeine consumption, of which 25.7% reported effects leading to distress or negatively impacting their life. Experiencing ‘adverse symptoms’ did not, however, curtail consumption in the majority of symptomatic participants (~77%). Public health initiatives directed at tertiary students may be important to reduce potential caffeine-related harm.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-010-0304-6
Abstract: To identify factors associated with nutrition risk among a purposive s le of those in advanced aged. A cross sectional feasibility study. Three North Island locations in New Zealand. One hundred and eight community-living residents aged 75- 85 years. Nutrition risk was assessed using a validated questionnaire, Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, Version II (SCREEN II). A Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to determine level of physical activity. Markers of body composition, grip strength and fasting blood s les were collected. Fifty-two percent of participants were at high nutrition risk (SCREEN II score < 50 range 29-58 out of maximum score 64). The mean score for SCREEN II was higher for older people who lived with others (50.3 ± 5.1) compared to those who lived alone (46.4 ± 5.8) p=0.001. The SCREEN II score was positively correlated with the total PASE score r= 0.20 (p=0.042), grip strength r=0.20 (p=0.041), and muscle mass percentage r=0.31 (p=0.004). Lower levels of haemoglobin, serum zinc and physical activity were associated with higher nutrition risk. Half the participants were at high nutrition risk. They tended to be widowed or live alone and had lower levels of haemoglobin and serum zinc. Those at lower nutrition risk had greater muscle mass and strength, lower body fat, consumed alcohol more frequently and engaged in more physical activity. Strategies which encourage older people to eat meals and be physically active with others may assist to improve their health.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2016
Abstract: Little is known about the physical activity levels and behaviors of advanced age New Zealanders. A cross-sectional analysis of data from Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ), Te Puāwaitanga O Nga Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu, measures of physical activity (PASE) ( n = 664, aged 80–90 [ n = 254, Māori, aged 82.5(2), n = 410 non-Māori, aged 85(.5)]) was conducted to determine physical activity level (PAL). A substudy ( n = 45) was conducted to attain detailed information about PAL and behaviors via the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA) and accelerometry. The main study was analyzed by sex for Māori and non-Māori. Men consistently had higher levels of physical activity than women for all physical activity measures. Sex was significant for different domains of activity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JOCN.13299
Abstract: To identify the theories and concepts related to building age-friendly rural communities. Global population is rapidly ageing. Creating environments that support active ageing was a catalyst for the World Health Organization to develop Global Age-Friendly Cities guidelines. Although the age-friendly movement has captured the attention of some countries, little is known about the participation of older people in rural settings. An integrative review approach was employed to summarise the research literature on this topic. Using a systematic search strategy, databases including Discover (EBSCO's electronic database system), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline and Google Scholar were searched. Primary, peer-reviewed studies were included if published during 2007-2014 in the English language. Nine studies were eligible for inclusion. The studies were set predominantly in Canada, with the exception of one from Ireland. The findings were summarised and clustered into main topics which included: theoretical perspectives geographic and demographic characteristics collaboration and partnerships sustainability and capacity and finally, future research agendas. Rural communities are changing rapidly and are becoming increasingly erse environments. Community characteristics can help or hinder age-friendliness. Importantly, the fundamental starting point for age-friendly initiatives is establishing older peoples' perceptions of their own communities. It is important for nurses, working in primary health care settings, to understand the needs of older people in the communities in which they practice. This includes the community characteristics that can be enablers and barriers to older people being able to remain and age within their own communities.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Abstract: To investigate the association between domains of nutrition risk with hospitalisations and mortality for New Zealand Māori and non-Māori in advanced age. Within LiLACS NZ, 256 Māori and 399 non-Māori octogenarians were assessed for nutrition risk using the Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition (SCREEN II) questionnaire according to three domains of risk. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were established. Five years from inception, survival analyses examined associations between nutrition risk from the three domains of SCREEN II with all-cause hospital admissions and mortality. For Māori but not non-Māori, lower nutrition risk in the Dietary Intake domain was associated with reduced hospitalisations and mortality (Hazard Ratios [HR] [95%CI] 0.97 [0.95-0.99], p=0.009 and 0.91 [0.86-0.98], p=0.005, respectively). The 'Factors Affecting Intake' domain was associated with mortality (HR, [95%CI] 0.94 [0.89-1.00], p=0.048), adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic deprivation, education, previous hospital admissions, comorbidities and activities of daily living. Improved dietary adequacy may reduce poor outcomes for older Māori. Implications for public health: Nutrition risk among older Māori is identifiable and treatable. Effort is needed to engage relevant community and whānau (family) support to ensure older Māori have food security and cultural food practices are met.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 07-03-2019
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 13-03-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12894
Abstract: To assess fluid intake among older inpatients and factors associated with low‐intake dehydration. Daily fluid intake and access were assessed within the 24‐hour period, and blood was drawn to measure serum osmolality. Of 89 patients, 16% and 27% had serum osmolality ≥ 300 (dehydrated) and 295‐299 mOsm/kg (impending dehydration), respectively. Median (IQR) total fluid intake was 1.7 (1.6, 1.9) L/day. Fluid intake from beverages ( P = .06) and water ( P = .02) was higher in hydrated than impending/dehydrated patients. Of all fluid sources, only water intake was associated with hydration status ( P = .02). The adjusted odds of serum osmolality ≥ 295 were increased for patients in the first ( .3 L, P = .007) and second (0.3‐0.8 L, P = .04) tertiles of water intake than those in the third tertile (≥0.8 L). Bladder control difficulty was associated with lower water intake ( P = .03). Monitoring water intake and assisting patients with bladder control difficulty may be key strategies to maintain hydration.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 11-03-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12410
Abstract: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition risk in older people across three settings. Older people living in the community or newly admitted to hospital or residential care were assessed for malnutrition risk using the validated Mini-Nutritional Assessment - Short Form and dysphagia risk using the Eating Assessment Tool-10. Demographic, physical and health data were collected. Of 167 participants, 23% were malnourished and 35% were at high risk of malnutrition. Those recently admitted to residential care versus a hospital or living in the community had a higher prevalence of malnourishment (47% vs 23% and 2%) (P < 0.001). Risk of dysphagia differed with settings (P < 0.001) with highest risk in residential care. Hospitalised and residential care participants were significantly more likely to have ≥4 comorbidities, take ≥5 medications and have below normal cognition compared to community participants. Choice of nutrition intervention is setting dependent.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14112205
Abstract: This study aimed to determine four-year outcomes of community-living older adults identified at ‘nutrition risk’ in the 2014 Health, Work and Retirement Study. Nutrition risk was assessed using the validated Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition, (SCREENII-AB) by postal survey. Other measures included demographic, social and health characteristics. Physical and mental functioning and overall health-related quality of life were assessed using the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). Depression was assessed using the verified shortened 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Social provisions were determined with the 24-item Social Provisions Scale. Alcohol intake was determined by using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). Among 471 adults aged 49–87 years, 33.9% were at nutrition risk (SCREEN II-AB score ≤ 38). The direct effects of nutrition risk showed that significant differences between at-risk and not-at-risk groups at baseline remained at follow up. Over time, physical health and alcohol use scores reduced. Mental health improved over time for not-at-risk and remained static for those at-risk. Time had non-significant interactions and small effects on all other indicators. Findings highlight the importance of nutrition screening in primary care as nutrition risk factors persist over time.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-08-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516003020
Abstract: As part of the 12-month follow-up of the longitudinal cohort study, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand, dietary intake was assessed in 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori octogenarians using repeat 24-h multiple pass recalls. Energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated, and food items reported were allocated to food groups used in the New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey (NZANS). Intakes were compared with the nutrient reference values (NRV) for Australia and New Zealand. The median BMI was higher for Māori (28·3 kg/m 2 ) than for non-Māori (26·2 kg/m 2 ) P =0·007. For Māori, median energy intake was 7·44 MJ/d for men and 6·06 MJ/d for women with 16·3 % energy derived from protein, 43·3 % from carbohydrate and 38·5 % from fat. Median energy intake was 7·91 and 6·26 MJ/d for non-Māori men and women, respectively, with 15·4 % of energy derived from protein, 45 % from carbohydrate and 36·7 % from fat. For both ethnic groups, bread was the top contributor to energy and carbohydrate intakes. Protein came from beef and veal, fish and seafood, bread, milk and poultry with the order differing by ethnic groups and sex. Fat came mainly from butter and margarine. Energy-adjusted protein was higher for Māori than non-Māori ( P =0·049). For both ethnic groups, the median energy levels were similar, percent carbohydrate tended to be lower and percent fat higher compared with adults aged years in NZANS. These unique cross-sectional data address an important gap in our understanding of dietary intake in this growing section of our population and highlight lack of age-appropriate NRV.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-05-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665116000203
Abstract: Very old people (referred to as those aged 85 years and over) are the fastest growing age segment of many Western societies owing to the steady rise of life expectancy and decrease in later life mortality. In the UK, there are now more than 1·5 million very old people (2·5 % of total population) and the number is projected to rise to 3·3 million or 5 % over the next 20 years. Reduced mobility and independence, financial constraints, higher rates of hospitalisation, chronic diseases and disabilities, changes in body composition, taste perception, digestion and absorption of food all potentially influence either nutrient intake or needs at this stage of life. The nutritional needs of the very old have been identified as a research priority by the British Nutrition Foundation's Task Force report, Healthy Ageing: The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle. However, very little is known about the dietary habits and nutritional status of the very old. The Newcastle 85+ study, a cohort of more than 1000 85-year olds from the North East of England and the Life and Living in Advanced Age study (New Zealand), a bicultural cohort study of advanced ageing of more than 900 participants from the Bay of Plenty and Rotorua regions of New Zealand are two unique cohort studies of ageing, which aim to assess the spectrum of health in the very old as well as examine the associations of health trajectories and outcomes with biological, clinical and social factors as each cohort ages. The nutrition domain included in both studies will help to fill the evidence gap by identifying eating patterns, and measures of nutritional status associated with better, or worse, health and wellbeing. This review will explore some of this ongoing work.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.16253
Abstract: To determine the prevalence of nutrition risk using the validated, Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Pre‐schooler (NutriSTEP) among pre‐school children in New Zealand (NZ) and to identify socio‐demographic factors associated with nutrition risk. Parents/caregivers of NZ pre‐school children (aged 2–5 years) completed an online survey including NutriSTEP, both parent and child height and weight, as well as socio‐demographic characteristics. The 17‐item NutriSTEP responses were scored between 0 and 4 where item scores ≥2 indicate risk, and the maximum score is 68. Participants were stratified into low‐risk (score ≤ 20) and moderate to high‐risk (score 20) groups. Strength of associations between nutrition risk and socio‐demographic characteristics were explored using binary regression analysis. Of 505 pre‐school children, 96 (19%) were at moderate to high risk (median interquartile range NutriSTEP score 24 [22–26]) and 409 (81%) were at low risk (score 13 [10–16]). Pre‐school children at highest risk were non‐NZ European ( P = 0.002), with solo parents ( P = 0.002), from households with incomes ≤$50 000 ( P ≤ 0.021) and with non‐university educated parents ( P ≤ 0.0001). More than 30% of pre‐schoolers were at high risk for inadequate consumption of fruit, vegetables, grains, milk products, meat and meat alternatives, as well as exposure to screens during meals and overuse of supplements. A fifth of NZ pre‐school children were at moderate to high nutrition risk and may not have met the nutrition guidelines. Economic and ethnic disparities were apparent. Using NutriSTEP may assist to identify NZ pre‐school children at highest nutrition risk who may benefit from appropriate nutrition support.
No related grants have been discovered for Carol Wham.