ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8378-3781
Current Organisation
Sheffield Hallam University
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Publisher: Japan Atherosclerosis Society
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.5551/JAT.35949
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEC.2017.12.011
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to explore barriers to genetic counseling and testing in women with gynecological cancers deemed at significant risk of carrying a germline mutation. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and inductively analysed thematically. Eight patients with ovarian or endometrial cancer participated in in idual semi-structured telephone interviews that assessed motivation for genetic counseling and testing, perceived benefits and barriers, timing of the approach, perceptions of the referral process to genetic services and locus of control in relation to cancer and health. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed five themes relating to perceptions of genetic counseling and testing: Lack of importance Level of information received Timing of referral processes Fear and anxiety Resistance to and perceptions of counseling. Participants had a limited understanding of hereditary cancer syndromes and did not appreciate the benefits of genetic testing. A consistent approach at the time of referral to genetic services is needed to ensure that the level and format of information is appropriate for patients. The rationale for genetic testing needs to be better explained to patients and the timing of referral should be based both on treatment priorities and patient preferences.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4288
Abstract: The study purpose was to investigate endometrial cancer survivors' health perceptions following cessation of active cancer treatment and to explore factors influencing participation in health-promoting behaviors. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants who had completed active treatment of cancer within the previous 3 years. Participants were 22 endometrial cancer survivors (mean age = 62.55 years, SD = 7.08) at risk of cardiovascular disease who were recruited from 2 oncologists in Perth, Western Australia. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five main themes emerged: physical activity knowledge and advice authority of oncologists accountability and external motivation monitoring and barriers to healthy eating and physical activity. Participants recalled that specific recommendations for physical activity or body weight were rarely made by the oncologists, but felt they would have followed such lifestyle advice if it had been given. The overarching theme was the need for accountability and monitoring to successfully change health behaviors. Interventions aimed at promoting health behaviors in endometrial cancer survivors should include referral and advice from oncologists, provision of monitoring, and promotion of planning and self-control. Implications for endometrial cancer survivors at risk of cardiovascular disease: these women are likely to benefit most from interventions aimed at promoting planning, self-regulation and problem solving and regular follow-up.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-04-2019
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5090
Abstract: The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology coupled with action planning was effective in increasing physical activity (PA) in colorectal and endometrial cancer survivors at cardiovascular risk. Sixty-eight survivors who had cardiovascular risk factors and were insufficiently active were randomized to intervention and control arms. Intervention participants were given a wearable tracker for 12 weeks, two group sessions, and a support phone call. Participants in the control arm received print materials describing PA guidelines. Assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured triaxial and uniaxial estimates of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behaviour, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI). The intervention group significantly increased MVPA by 45 min/wk compared with a reduction of 21 min/wk in the control group. Group by time interactions were significant for minutes of MVPA (F Significant improvements in MVPA were observed following the intervention. The results display promise for the use of pragmatic, low-intensity interventions using wearable technology.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-014-9402-X
Abstract: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a serious genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in every 300 to 500 in iduals and is characterised by excessively high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, substantially increased risk of early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD) and premature mortality. If FH is untreated, it leads to a greater than 50 % risk of CHD in men by the age of 50 and at least 30 % in women by the age of 60. FH can be diagnosed through genetic screening and effectively managed through pharmacological treatment and lifestyle changes. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic health condition that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although FH can be effectively managed with appropriate pharmacological and dietary interventions, FH detection rate through genetic screening remains low. The present study explored perceptions and experiences of FH patients (N = 18) involved in a genetic cascade screening programme. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess patients' knowledge and understanding of FH, explore factors linked to adherence to health-protective behaviours and examine perceptions of genetic screening. Thematic analysis of interviews revealed four themes: disease knowledge, severity of FH, lifestyle behavioural change and barriers to cascade screening and treatment. Participants recognised FH as a permanent, genetic condition that increased their risk of CHD and premature mortality. Many participants dismissed the seriousness of FH and the importance of lifestyle changes because they perceived it to be effectively managed through medication. Despite positive attitudes toward screening, many participants reported that relatives were reluctant to attend screening due to their relatives' 'fatalistic' outlook or low motivation. Participants believed that they had insufficient authority or control to persuade family members to attend screening and welcomed greater hospital assistance for contact with relatives. Findings support the adoption of direct methods of recruitment to cascade screening led by medical professionals, who were perceived as having greater authority. Other implications included the need for clinicians to provide clear information, particularly to those who are asymptomatic, related to the seriousness of FH and the necessity for adherence to medication and lifestyle changes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0838.2010.01281.X
Abstract: The protection of the health of athletes is one of the three criteria taken into account when registering a substance in the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited list. Nevertheless, in elite-level cycling, banned substance use is widespread. The present research adopted a psychological approach to examine how or whether perceived health risks influence elite-level cyclists' decisions to use banned substances. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with cyclists hoping to join a professional team (n=6), neo-professional cyclists (n=2), and former professional cyclists (n=8). Although an evolution was observed in the organization of doping and perceptions of doping over the last decade, the perceived health hazards did not influence, most of the time, decisions to use banned substances among the s le of cyclists. There was a systematization of exogenous substance use in the cycling environment and a trivialization of the side effects of the banned substances. Finally, younger cyclists were not concerned about the long-term health consequences of banned substances they were more focused on the short-term performance-enhancing benefits. There is a need to implement more effective preventive programs to change athletes' attitudes toward doping and its health risks.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2019.112591
Abstract: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic condition that predisposes patients to substantially increased risk of early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. FH risks can be minimized through regular participation in three self-management. BEHAVIORS: physical activity, healthy eating, and taking cholesterol lowering medication. The present study tested the effectiveness of an integrated social cognition model in predicting intention to participate in the self-management behaviors in FH patients from seven countries. Consecutive patients in FH clinics from Australia, Hong Kong, Brazil, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, and UK (total N = 726) completed measures of social cognitive beliefs about illness from the common sense model of self-regulation, beliefs about behaviors from the theory of planned behavior, and past behavior for the three self-management behaviors. Structural equation models indicated that beliefs about behaviors from the theory of planned behavior, namely, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, were consistent predictors of intention across s les and behaviors. By comparison, effects of beliefs about illness from the common sense model were smaller and trivial in size. Beliefs partially mediated past behavior effects on intention, although indirect effects of past behavior on intention were larger for physical activity relative to taking medication and healthy eating. Model constructs did not fully account for past behavior effects on intentions. Variability in the strength of the beliefs about behaviors was observed across s les and behaviors. Current findings outline the importance of beliefs about behaviors as predictors of FH self-management behaviors. Variability in the relative contribution of the beliefs across s les and behaviors highlights the imperative of identifying s le- and behavior-specific correlates of FH self-management behaviors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2018
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4558
Abstract: This study explored whether psychological consultation offered to women prior to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) appeared to provide psychosocial benefit to younger women ( 35 years) considering BPM.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 18-11-2015
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.4815
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4111
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to explore colorectal cancer survivors' health perceptions following cessation of active treatment for cancer and to explore the factors influencing participation in health-promoting behaviors that may help reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants that had completed active treatment for cancer within the previous 2 years. Participants were colorectal cancer survivors (N = 24, men = 11, women = 13, M age = 69.38 years, SD = 4.19) recruited from a private hospital in Perth, Australia on the basis that they had existing morbidities that put them at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Five main themes emerged: back to normal the pleasures in life: 'is it worth it?' beliefs about health behavior skepticism of eating guidelines and lack of motivation. The majority of participants felt they were in good health and had made a full recovery. Participants questioned whether it was worth changing their lifestyle given their life stage and referred to the desire to enjoy life. Lay health beliefs, skepticism of eating guidelines, and a lack of motivation were barriers to change. Interventions should target lay beliefs and skepticism in relation to health behaviors in order to reinforce the importance and value of participating in health-related behavior. Findings may inform the development of effective, patient-centered interventions that target lay health beliefs and build motivation for health behavior change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 10-11-2017
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-08-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4234
Abstract: Lifestyle factors including inadequate physical activity may contribute to increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease in colorectal cancer survivors. Identification of the barriers to physical activity is important for forming an evidence base of factors to target in future physical activity programs aimed at improving cardiovascular health in this population. Colorectal cancer survivors (N = 24) from St. John of God Subiaco Hospital participated in semi-structured interviews about their current physical activity behaviors and perceived barriers to physical activity. Inductive thematic analysis of interviews revealed 5 overarching themes relating to barriers to physical activity: psychological barriers, environmental barriers, knowledge of guidelines, lack of practitioner support, and energy/age barriers. Novel findings revealed participants' dependence on practitioner support, including a reliance on practitioners to recommend lifestyle change. Survivors also revealed that regular checkups to monitor cardiovascular risk replaced the need for healthy lifestyle changes. With survivors holding the advice of clinicians in high regard, an opportunity exists for clinicians to facilitate lifestyle change. Health care professionals such as nurses can implement motivational strategies and provide additional health information during follow-up visits, to ensure long-term adherence. In iduals who reported psychological, motivational, and environmental barriers may benefit from interventions to improve self-regulation, planning, and problem-solving skills.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-012-9417-1
Abstract: Little research exists on the impact of behavior change interventions in disadvantaged communities. We conducted a prospective study to explore the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on physical activity change within a deprived community and the social- psychological and motivational predictors of change in physical activity including stage of change, self-efficacy, social support, and variables from self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior. Five motivational interviewing counsellors recruited 207 patients and offered motivational interviewing sessions to support physical activity behavior change. At 6-months there were significant improvements in physical activity, stage of change, and social support. A dose-response relationship was evident those who attended 2 or more consultations increased their total physical activity, stage of change and family social support more than those who attended just one. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that number of sessions and change in stage of change predicted 28.4% of the variance in change in total physical activity and, with social support from friends, 21.0% of the variance in change walking time. Change in perceived behavioral control and attitudes, friend social support, and number of sessions predicted 16.8% of the variance in change in vigorous physical activity. Motivational interviewing is an effective approach for promoting physical activity amongst lower socio-economic status groups in the short term. The study demonstrates good translational efficacy, and contributes to a limited number of physical activity interventions targeting low income groups in the UK.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-05-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10689-017-0001-2
Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the factors that influence perceived personal risk of developing breast cancer (BC) in younger women (<35) who are considering or have undergone bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM). Qualitative interviews guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis were conducted with 46 women who had a strong family history of BC and had either undergone (n = 26) or were considering (n = 20) BPM. Participants were recruited from Australia and New Zealand via hospitals, a genetics clinic, a research cohort, a registry and online. Three main themes were identified: information that increases fear of BC and death, underlying anxiety and fear and screening anxiety. A further two themes: relief following surgery and confusion about residual risk following surgery were identified. Younger women ( 40). Those who had undergone BPM seemed more anxious about their risk of developing BC than those who were still considering surgery. This research has important implications for practice, particularly improving communication of accurate risk statistics. Future research should examine why some women interpret information differently and explore the benefits of psychological consultation for very anxious women.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-07-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-019-09808-0
Abstract: There are significant geographic inequalities in cancer survival with poorer survival rates in non-metropolitan areas compared to major cities. Physical activity (PA) can reduce cancer recurrence and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, few survivors participate in sufficient PA and the prevalence of inactivity is significantly higher in non-metropolitan survivors. The study investigated non-metropolitan survivors' recollections regarding PA advice received following cessation of active treatment, their knowledge of PA guidelines, and the factors that impact on PA behaviour change. Sixteen in iduals (14 women and 2 men) with breast (n = 8), endometrial (n = 4) or colorectal cancer (n = 4), with a mean age of 60 years (SD = 12) completed semi-structured interviews as part of a larger study to examine the acceptability and utility of wearable trackers to increase PA. Interviews explored survivors' recollections regarding the advice they received concerning PA following active treatment, knowledge of PA guidelines for cancer survivors and the influences on PA behaviour change. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged: (i) insufficient knowledge of guidelines, (ii) support from the treating oncology team, (iii) external accountability, and (iv) barriers to PA. Survivors' knowledge of PA guidelines was limited and they did not often recall their oncologists making specific recommendations concerning PA. Survivors' referred to the desire for accountability and monitoring in order to successfully change PA. Lack of motivation was the main barrier to PA participation. Other barriers included age, health status, and lack of facilities or exercise programs.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-08-2017
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-01-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-017-3952-9
Abstract: The purposes of this study are to investigate factors influencing non-participation in a structured exercise program for cancer survivors and to explore survivors' experiences and attitudes in relation to physical activity participation. Face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted with in iduals who had registered for, or engaged in, the 'Life Now' exercise program run by Cancer Council Western Australia. Participants were 20 cancer survivors (mean age 63.90 years, SD 15.29) who had either cancelled their registration or withdrawn from the exercise program during the preceding 2 years. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Seven main themes emerged: availability of the program access, time and cost lack of motivation or confidence unwell or fatigued physical activity preferences knowledge of physical activity guidelines and lack of referral or advice. The main barriers were contextual and included availability of, and access to, the program. Participants expressed a preference for home-based physical activity. Interventions aimed at promoting physical activity in cancer survivors should offer home-based programs and include referral and advice from oncologists. Increasing cancer survivors' participation in, and compliance with, exercise programs may require home-based strategies and referrals from oncologists to allied health professionals to in idualise care.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-09-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5553
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-015-9531-X
Abstract: Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at markedly increased risk of coronary artery disease. Regular participation in three self-management behaviors, physical activity, healthy eating, and adherence to medication, can significantly reduce this risk in FH patients. We aimed to predict intentions to engage in these self-management behaviors in FH patients using a multi-theory, integrated model that makes the distinction between beliefs about illness and beliefs about self-management behaviors. Using a cross-sectional, correlational design, patients (N = 110) diagnosed with FH from a clinic in Perth, Western Australia, self-completed a questionnaire that measured constructs from three health behavior theories: the common sense model of illness representations (serious consequences, timeline, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence, emotional representations) theory of planned behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control) and social cognitive theory (self-efficacy). Structural equation models for each self-management behavior revealed consistent and statistically significant effects of attitudes on intentions across the three behaviors. Subjective norms predicted intentions for health eating only and self-efficacy predicted intentions for physical activity only. There were no effects for the perceived behavioral control and common sense model constructs in any model. Attitudes feature prominently in determining intentions to engage in self-management behaviors in FH patients. The prominence of these attitudinal beliefs about self-management behaviors, as opposed to illness beliefs, suggest that addressing these beliefs may be a priority in the management of FH.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.04.001
Abstract: Motivation in sport has been frequently identified as a key factor of young athletes' intention of doping in sport, but there has not been any attempt in scrutinizing the motivational mechanism involved. The present study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to explain the relationship between motivation in a sport context and motivation and the social-cognitive factors (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in an anti-doping context. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Questionnaire data was collected from 410 elite and sub-elite young athletes in Australia (Mean age [17.7±3.9 yr], 55.4% male, Years in sport [9.1±3.2]). We measured the key model variables of study in relation to sport motivation (Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire), and the motivation (adapted version of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire) and social cognitive patterns (the theory of planned behavior questionnaire) of doping avoidance. The data was analyzed by variance-based structural equation modeling with bootstrapping of 999 replications. The goodness-of-fit of the hypothesized model was acceptable. The bootstrapped parameter estimates revealed that autonomous motivation and amotivation in sport were positively associated with the corresponding types of motivation for the avoidance of doping. Autonomous motivation, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in doping avoidance fully mediated the relationship between autonomous motivation in sport and intention for doping avoidance. The findings support the tenets of the trans-contextual model, and explain how motivation in sport is related to athletes' motivation and intention with respect to anti-doping behaviors.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 25-03-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-10-2015
DOI: 10.3390/NU7105424
Abstract: In this Special Issue, entitled "Food choice and Nutrition: A Social Psychological Perspective", three broad themes have been identified: (1) social and environmental influences on food choice (2) psychological influences on eating behaviour and (3) eating behaviour profiling.The studies that addressed the social and environmental influences indicated that further research would do well to promote positive food choices rather than reduce negative food choices promote the reading and interpretation of food labels and find ways to effectively market healthy food choices through accessibility, availability and presentation. The studies on psychological influences found that intentions, perceived behavioural control, and confidence were predictors of healthy eating. Given the importance of psychological factors, such as perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy, healthy eating interventions should reduce barriers to healthy eating and foster perceptions of confidence to consume a healthy diet. The final theme focused on the clustering of in iduals according to eating behaviour. Some "types" of in iduals reported more frequent consumption of fast foods, ready meals or convenience meals or greater levels of disinhibitiona nd less control over food cravings. Intervention designs which make use of multi-level strategies as advocated by the Ecological Model of Behaviour change that proposes multi-level (combining psychological, social and environmental) strategies are likely to be more effective in reaching and engaging in iduals susceptible to unhealthy eating habits than interventions operating on a single level.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-12-2016
Abstract: Modelling data have provided good evidence to support the efficacy of a minimum pricing policy for alcoholic beverages as a means to reduce alcohol consumption and risky and harmful drinking. The aim of the present study was to investigate attitudes and beliefs towards a minimum price policy for alcohol among members of the general public in Western Australia (WA). The study also explored what factors might promote acceptance of the policy. Eleven focus groups, comprising participants from a broad range of backgrounds in WA, were conducted. Using a facilitator-administered semi-structured interview schedule participants discussed their beliefs about the policy and how its acceptability might be promoted. Transcriptions of discussions were analysed using qualitative inductive content analysis for emergent themes. Three major themes emerged: attitudes towards the policy, beliefs about effectiveness and strategies to increase acceptability. Participants expressed negative attitudes towards the policy and thought that it would lead to increased crime, drug use and financial strain. Participants identified the policy as unfair on disadvantaged groups, and suggested that in iduals would find a way to procure alcohol regardless of minimum pricing policies. Suggestions to make the policy more acceptable included increasing alcohol education and directing the revenue towards alcohol reduction initiatives. Participants' negative views and perceived lack of effectiveness corroborate research conducted in the UK. Information and education c aigns aimed at reducing misunderstanding of the policy and highlighting its effectiveness may help to promote greater acceptability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-06-2016
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2016.1190659
Abstract: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a complex intervention comprising multiple techniques aimed at changing health-related motivation and behaviour. However, MI techniques have not been systematically isolated and classified. This study aimed to identify the techniques unique to MI, classify them as content-related or relational, and evaluate the extent to which they overlap with techniques from the behaviour change technique taxonomy version 1 [BCTTv1 Michie, S., Richardson, M., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., … Wood, C. E. (2013). The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: Building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46, 81-95]. Behaviour change experts (n = 3) content-analysed MI techniques based on Miller and Rollnick's [(2013). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change (3rd ed.). New York: Guildford Press] conceptualisation. Each technique was then coded for independence and uniqueness by independent experts (n = 10). The experts also compared each MI technique to those from the BCTTv1. Experts identified 38 distinct MI techniques with high agreement on clarity, uniqueness, preciseness, and distinctiveness ratings. Of the identified techniques, 16 were classified as relational techniques. The remaining 22 techniques were classified as content based. Sixteen of the MI techniques were identified as having substantial overlap with techniques from the BCTTv1. The isolation and classification of MI techniques will provide researchers with the necessary tools to clearly specify MI interventions and test the main and interactive effects of the techniques on health behaviour. The distinction between relational and content-based techniques within MI is also an important advance, recognising that changes in motivation and behaviour in MI is a function of both intervention content and the interpersonal style in which the content is delivered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-018-4230-1
Abstract: To investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices of oncologists towards physical activity (PA) in cancer survivors, and the association between oncologists' own PA behavior and PA promotion. Oncologists (n = 123) completed a survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Participants reported PA promotion behavior, PA involvement, attitudes, intentions, social norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and confidence and knowledge of exercise prescription. Structural equation modeling (SEM) evaluated these associations. Less than half of oncologists reported regularly promoting PA to patients (46%), with 20% providing written information and 23% referrals. Only 26% were physically active. TPB SEM pathways explained 54.6% of the variance in PA promotion (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.905, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.040). Social norm was not only the significant pathway to intention but also a significant indirect pathway to PA promotion (p = 0.007). Confidence to promote PA, PBC, and intentions were direct significant pathways to PA promotion (p < 0.05). Exploratory SEM pathways explained 19.6% of the variance of PA behavior, which in turn explained 13.1% social norm, 10.7% attitude, 10.0% confidence to recommend, and 17.8% PA promotion behavior (CFI = 0.921, SRMR = 0.076). Instrumental attitude was a direct significant pathway to PA behavior (p = 0.001). PA behavior was a direct significant pathway to social norms, attitude, confidence to recommend, and PA promotion (p < 0.05). Oncologists reported a modest ability to promote PA, low PA promotion rates, and limited knowledge of exercise prescription. Patient physical activity promotion may be improved through strategies that increase oncologists' PBC, confidence, and their own personal PA participation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-018-9722-3
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the influences on satisfaction with reconstructed breasts and intimacy following bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) in younger women (< 35) with a strong family history of breast cancer. Twenty-six women who had undergone BPM between 1 and6 years ago were recruited from New Zealand and Australia through a genetics clinic, registry, research cohort, and online (M Four themes were identified: satisfaction with breasts before surgery, outcome expectations, type of mastectomy, and open communication. Women who liked their breasts pre-BPM appeared less satisfied with their reconstructed breasts post-surgery, and women who disliked their breasts before BPM were more satisfied with their reconstructed breasts. Women with unrealistic expectations concerning the look and feel of reconstructed breasts were often unhappy with their reconstructed breasts and felt they did not meet their expectations. Unrealistic photos of breast reconstruction and satisfactory communication of realistic outcome expectations by surgeons or psychologists also appeared to influence satisfaction. Communication with partners prior to BPM appeared to improve satisfaction with intimacy post-BPM. The findings suggest that satisfaction with reconstructed breasts for younger women post-BPM appeared to be influenced by realistic outcome expectations and communication with others concerning reconstructed breast appearance and intimacy post-BPM. Implications for practice include discussion of realistic reconstructed breast appearance, referral to a psychologist to discuss sensitive issues, and accurate communication of surgical risks and consequences.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-01-2018
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1546744
Abstract: There is a wealth of research on motives for alcohol consumption among young people. However, little is known about motives to avoid alcohol in this population. The study purpose was to explore what influences young adults' decisions to avoid alcohol and their motives to avoid alcohol. Face-to-face, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted in 2015 with young adults (n = 30, M Thematic analysis resulted in seven themes: being in control avoiding negative health consequences taste socialization influences being left out peer pressure strategies to curb excessive alcohol consumption. Conclusions/Importance: Findings from the present study contribute to the literature in identifying coping strategies that participants adopted when faced with questions concerning their abstinence. The data provide evidence that, even in a minority, strong identities and beliefs appear to be a robust means to counteract pressure to conform to the social norm to consume alcohol. Findings may inform the (1) development of youth-centered interventions that target values and social norms to help build resistance to pressures to consume alcohol from peers and the wider community and (2) creation of opportunities and promotion of activities that are fun and alcohol free.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-03-2018
Abstract: High rates of inadequate health literacy are associated with maladaptive health outcomes in chronic disease including increased mortality and morbidity rates, poor treatment adherence and poor health. Adequate health literacy may be an important factor in the effective treatment and management of familial hypercholesterolemia, and may also be implicated in genetic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia among index cases. The present study examined the prevalence and predictors of health literacy in familial hypercholesterolemia patients attending clinics in seven countries. Cross-sectional survey. Consecutive FH patients attending clinics in Australia, Brazil, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and the UK completed measures of demographic variables (age, gender, household income and highest education level) and a brief three-item health literacy scale. Rates of inadequate health literacy were lowest in the UK (7.0%), Australia (10.0%), Hong Kong (15.7%) and Taiwan (18.0%) s les, with higher rates in the Brazil (22.0%), Malaysia (25.0%) and China (37.0%) s les. Income was an independent predictor of health literacy levels, accounting for effects of age. Health literacy was also independently related to China national group membership. Findings indicate non-trivial levels of inadequate health literacy in s les of familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Consistent with previous research in chronic illness, inadequate health literacy is related to income as an index of health disparities. Chinese familial hypercholesterolemia patients are more likely to have high rates of inadequate health literacy independent of income. Current findings highlight the imperative of education interventions targeting familial hypercholesterolemia patients with inadequate health literacy.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-028369
Abstract: Physically active cancer survivors have substantially less cancer recurrence and improved survival compared with those who are inactive. However, the majority of survivors (70%–90%) are not meeting the physical activity (PA) guidelines. There are also significant geographic inequalities in cancer survival with poorer survival rates for the third of Australians who live in non-metropolitan areas compared with those living in major cities. The primary objective of the trial is to increase moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) among cancer survivors living in regional and remote Western Australia. Secondary objectives are to reduce sedentary behaviour and in conjunction with increased PA, improve quality of life (QoL) in non-metropolitan survivors. Tertiary objectives are to assess the effectiveness of the health action process approach (HAPA) model variables, on which the intervention is based, to predict change in MVPA. Eighty-six cancer survivors will be randomised into either the intervention or control group. Intervention group participants will receive a Fitbit and up to six telephone health-coaching sessions. MVPA (using Actigraph), QoL and psychological variables (based on the HAPA model via questionnaire) will be assessed at baseline, 12 weeks (end of intervention) and 24 weeks (end of follow-up). A general linear mixed model will be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Ethics approval has been obtained from St John of God Hospital Subiaco (HREC/#1201). We plan to submit a manuscript of the results to a peer-reviewed journal. Results will be presented at conferences, community and consumer forums and hospital research conferences. ACTRN12618001743257 pre-results, U1111-1222-5698
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2015
Abstract: We applied the strength-energy model of self-control to understand the relationship between self-control and young athletes’ behavioral responses to taking illegal performance-enhancing substances, or “doping.” Measures of trait self-control, attitude and intention toward doping, intention toward, and adherence to, doping-avoidant behaviors, and the prevention of unintended doping behaviors were administered to 410 young Australian athletes. Participants also completed a “lollipop” decision-making protocol that simulated avoidance of unintended doping. Hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses revealed that self-control was negatively associated with doping attitude and intention, and positively associated with the intention and adherence to doping-avoidant behaviors, and refusal to take or eat the unfamiliar candy offered in the “lollipop” protocol. Consistent with the strength-energy model, athletes with low self-control were more likely to have heightened attitude and intention toward doping, and reduced intention, behavioral adherence, and awareness of doping avoidance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATHEROSCLEROSIS.2018.06.010
Abstract: Although familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) can be effectively managed using cholesterol-lowering medication, patients often fall short of complete treatment adherence. Identifying the psychological factors associated with self-regulation of FH medication is important to inform interventions to maximize adherence. The aim of the present study was to test an integrated psychological model in predicting FH patients' intentions to take medication. FH patients attending clinics in seven countries were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey study. Consenting patients (N = 551) completed self-report measures of generalized beliefs about medication overuse and harms, beliefs in treatment effectiveness, specific beliefs about taking medication (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), and intentions to take medication. Participants also completed measures of demographic variables (age, gender, education level, income, cardiovascular disease status). Data were analysed using path analysis controlling for country and demographic variables. Attitudes (β = .331, p<0.001), subjective norms (β = .121, p=0.009), and beliefs about medication overuse (β = -.160, p<0.001) were significant predictors of intentions to take medication. Treatment beliefs predicted intentions indirectly (β = .088, p<0.001) through attitudes and subjective norms. There was also an indirect effect of beliefs about medication overuse on intentions (β = -.045, p=0.056), but the effect was small compared with the direct effect. The findings indicate the importance among FH patients of specific beliefs about taking medication and generalized beliefs about medication overuse and treatment in predicting medication intentions. When managing patients, clinicians should emphasize the efficacy of taking cholesterol-lowering drugs and the importance of treatment outcomes, and allay concerns about medication overuse.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 21-09-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-12-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.12362
Abstract: This study was a preliminarily investigation into the prevention of unintentional doping on the basis of self-determination theory (SDT). Specifically, we examined the relationship between athletes' motives for doping avoidance and their behavior when offered an unfamiliar food product. Participants were young Australian athletes (n = 410) that were offered a free lollipop prior to completing a questionnaire. It was noted whether participants refused to take or eat the lollipop and whether they read the ingredients of the lollipop. The questionnaire assessed autonomous and controlled forms of motivation, amotivation, doping intentions, and adherence regarding doping avoidance behaviors. The results showed that young athletes who adopted controlled reasons to avoid doping in sport (e.g., not getting caught) tended to report higher adherence to behaviors related to avoiding and monitoring banned substances, whereas those who adopted autonomous reasons (e.g., anti-doping being consistent with life goals) appeared to be more willing to read the ingredients of the provided food. The significant interaction effect between autonomous and controlled motivation indicated that autonomous motivation was more predictive to doping intention for athletes with low controlled motivation. It is concluded that SDT may help understand the motivational processes of the prevention of unintentional doping in sport.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEC.2017.08.008
Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the influences on decision-making of younger women (<35) undergoing or considering bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM). Qualitative interviews guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) were conducted with forty-six women who had a strong family history of breast cancer (BC) who had either undergone (n=26) or were considering (n=20) BPM. Participants were recruited from Australia and New Zealand (NZ) via hospitals, a genetics clinic, a research cohort, a registry and online. Four themes underpinning the influences on decision-making were identified: fear and anxiety, children, personal experiences with BC, health professional's influence. The decision to undergo BPM for younger women (<35) was multifaceted, however, it appeared that fear and anxiety were the main influence. Younger women appear more anxious than previous research with older women. There appears to be few differences between those with confirmed BRCA1/2 mutations and those with no known mutation and this is clinically significant. These findings have important practice implications, particularly improving communication of risk statistics, especially to those with no known mutation. Health professionals need to take into account the way younger women perceive information given to them when discussing risk.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-12-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BREAST.2018.05.003
Abstract: To explore the barriers and experiences of accessing information for women who have received genetic risk assessment/testing results for breast cancer (BC) and are considering a bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) and, exploring participants' preferences concerning information and support needs. A qualitative retrospective study guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilised. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with forty-six women who were either considering BPM or had already undergone the surgery. Three themes identified barriers to accessing information difficulties accessing information, inconsistent information and clinical focus/medicalized information. A fourth theme - preferences of information and support needs, identified three subthemes these were, psychological support, clearly defined processes and photos of mastectomies/reconstruction surgeries. Barriers to accessing information appeared to be widespread. A lack of integrated services contributed to inconsistent information, and medicalized terminology/clinical focus of consultations further complicated understanding. Preferences for information include clearly defined processes, so women know the pathways after confirmation of familial BC risk. Clinical implications include a multidisciplinary team approach, and a protocol that reflects current practice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Sarah Hardcastle.