ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0973-0707
Current Organisation
UNSW Sydney
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCHB.2009.10.002
Abstract: Stature and body mass were measured in 346 in iduals belonging to three Roma groups from metropolitan Belgrade western Serbia. As with the majority of Serbian Roma, the participants in this study have been historically disadvantaged and their situation was further aggravated during the recent political crises. Surprisingly, the body mass index (BMI) of Serbian Roma is relatively high compared with western Europeans and is inconsistent with the view that Serbian Roma are predisposed to high rates of chronic energy deficiency ( approximately 4%). While the majority of in idual Roma display BMI values within the normal range (WHO, 1995), certain groups have a moderate to high proportion of in iduals ( approximately 35%) who could be classified as overweight and some who approach at-risk levels for clinical obesity.
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 11-05-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-05-2007
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: EDUFU - Editora da Universidade Federal de Uberlandia
Date: 2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-10-2011
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.258
Abstract: It is argued in this article that the human body both in health and disease cannot be fully understood without adequately accounting for the different levels of human variation. The article focuses on variation due to ancestry, arguing that the inclusion of information pertaining to ancestry in human anatomy teaching materials and courses should be carried out and implemented with care and in line with latest developments in biological anthropology and related sciences. This seems to be of particular importance in the education of health professionals, as recent research suggests that better knowledge of human variation can improve clinical skills. It is also argued that relatively small curricular changes relating to the teaching of human variation can produce significant educational gains.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.21030
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.1390
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2006
Abstract: In the year after birth one in six women has a depressive illness, 94% experience at least one major health problem (e.g. back pain, perineal pain, mastitis, urinary or faecal incontinence), 26% experience sexual problems and almost 20% have relationship problems with partners. Women with depression report less practical and emotional support from partners, less social support, more negative life events, and poorer physical health and see factors contributing to depression as lack of support, isolation, exhaustion and physical health problems. Fewer than one in three seek help in primary care despite frequent health care contacts. Primary care and community-based strategies embedded in existing services were implemented in a cluster-randomised trial involving 16 rural and metropolitan communities, pair-matched, within the State of Victoria, Australia. Intervention areas were also provided with a community development officer for two years. The primary aim was to reduce the relative risk of depression by 20% in mothers six months after birth and to improve their physical health. Primary outcomes were obtained by postal questionnaires. The analysis was by intention-to-treat, unmatched, adjusting for the correlated nature of the data. 6,248 of 10,144 women (61.6%) in the intervention arm and 5057/ 8,411 (60.1%) in the comparison arm responded at six months, and there was no imbalance in major covariates between the two arms. Women's mental health scores were not significantly different in the intervention arm and the comparison arm (MCS mean score 45.98 and 46.30, mean EPDS score 6.91 and 6.82, EPDS ≥ 13 ('probable depression') 15.7% vs. 14.9%, Odds ratio adj 1.06 (95%CI 0.91–1.24). Women's physical health scores were not significantly different in intervention and comparison arms (PCS mean scores 52.86 and 52.88). The combined community and primary care interventions were not effective in reducing depression, or in improving the physical health of mothers six months after birth.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.1994
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-09-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.2002
Abstract: Developments in biology and genetics in recent decades have caused significant shifts in the understanding and conceptualization of human biological variation. Humans vary biologically in different ways, including in idually, due to age, ancestry, and sex. An understanding of the complexities of all levels of biological variation is necessary for efficient health care delivery. Important steps in teaching medical students about human variation could be carried out in anatomy classes, and thus, it is important that anatomical education absorbs new developments in how biological variation is comprehended. Since the early 1990s biological sex in humans has been vigorously investigated by scientists, social scientists, and interest groups. Consequently, the binary ision in male and female sex has been called into question and a more fluid understanding of sex has been proposed. Some of the major textbooks teach anatomy, particularly of the urogenital system, as a male‐female binary. Anatomical sciences curricula need to adopt a more current approach to sex including the introduction of the category of “intersex”/“differences in sexual development” and present sex as a continuum rather than two sharply ided sets of characteristics. This approach offers a better understanding of the complexity of sex differences and, at the same time, provides students with an improved theoretical framework for understanding human variation in general, transcending the limitations of biological typology. When well delivered, the non‐binary approach could play a significant contribution to the formation of competent and responsible medical practitioners and avoidance of problematic practices such as non‐consensual “normalizing” surgeries.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2008
Publisher: Uniwersytet Lodzki (University of Lodz)
Date: 30-12-2007
DOI: 10.2478/V10044-008-0002-8
Abstract: This paper examines the research on race determination conducted by Russian biochemist E.O. Manoiloff in the 1920s. Manoiloff claimed to have discovered a method which detected racial identity of an in idual by a simple chemical reaction performed on a subject's blood s le. The method was published in one of the leading anthropological journals and it was not questioned for some time. It is obvious today that Manoiloff's claims were nothing short of ridiculous. The present study, based on the experimental history of sciences, tries to elucidate Manoiloff's procedures and reasons for his ‘success’. His experiments were repeated using both original and modern equipment. It has been demonstrated that Manoiloff's procedures, although rigorous at first glance, were highly arbitrary and methodologically flawed. It would appear that the socio-political and scientific contexts of the early twentieth century which favoured belief in the existence of clearly distinguishable racial types played a crucial role in the initial positive response to Manoiloff's research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.1871
Abstract: Human anatomy knowledge is a core requirement for all health care clinicians. There is a paucity of information relating to anatomy content and delivery in Australian chiropractic programs. The aim of this study was to describe anatomy teaching in Australian chiropractic programs, utilizing a survey which was distributed to all four programs, requesting information on: anatomy program structure, delivery methods, assessment, teaching resources, and academic staff profile at their institution. The survey was undertaken in 2016 and documented practices in that academic year. All four institutions responded. There was a reported difference in the teaching hours, content, delivery and assessment of anatomy utilized in Australian chiropractic programs. Anatomy was compulsory at all four institutions with the mean total of 214 (SD ± 100.2) teaching hours. Teaching was undertaken by permanent ongoing (30%) and sessional academic staff, and student to teacher ratio varied from 15:1 to 12:1. A variety of teaching resources were utilized, including human tissue access, either as prosected cadavers or plastinated body parts. The results of this survey confirm that anatomy has an established place in chiropractic education programs in Australia and while curricular variations exist, all programs had similar course design, delivery, and assessment methods. This study confirmed the provision of a strong foundation in topographical anatomy and neuroanatomy, while other anatomical sciences, such as histology and embryology were not consistently delivered. Formalization of a core anatomy curriculum together with competency standards is needed to assist program evaluation and development, and for accreditation purposes.
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-09-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-04-2006
Abstract: In the first year after childbirth, 94% of women experience one or more major health problems (urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence, perineal pain, back pain). Difficulties in intimate partner relationships and changes affecting sexual health are also common. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in women's health from early pregnancy until four years after the birth of a first child. The Maternal Health Study is a longitudinal study designed to fill in some of the gaps in current research evidence regarding women's physical and psychological health and recovery after childbirth. A prospective pregnancy cohort of nulliparous women has been recruited in early pregnancy at six metropolitan public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia between April 2003 and December 2005. In the first phase of the study participants are being followed up at 30–32 weeks gestation in pregnancy, and at three, six, nine, 12 and 18 months postpartum using a combination of self-administered questionnaires and telephone interviews. Women consenting to extended follow-up (phase 2) will be followed up six and 12 months after any subsequent births and when their first child is four years old. Study instruments incorporate assessment of the frequency and severity of urinary and bowel symptoms, sexual health issues, perineal and abdominal pain, depression and intimate partner violence. Pregnancy and birth outcome data will be obtained by review of hospital case notes. Features of the study which distinguish it from prior research include: the capacity to identify incident cases of morbidity and clustering of health problems a large enough s le to detect clinically important differences in maternal health outcomes associated with the method of birth careful exposure measurement involving manual abstraction of data from medical records in order to explore mediating factors and possible causal pathways and use of a variety of strategies to improve ascertainment of health outcomes.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2008
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.1879
Abstract: Attrition of anatomy knowledge has been an area of concern in health professions curricula. To ensure safe and effective clinical practice, the study of chiropractic requires a good knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy. In this study, musculoskeletal limb knowledge retention was investigated among students in the 5-year chiropractic program at Macquarie University, Australia. A test of 20 multiple-choice questions, categorized into low-order (LO) and high-order (HO) cognitive ability according to Bloom's Taxonomy, was developed. Students enrolled in the program were invited to participate with 257 of the 387 choosing to participate, (response rate ranging 56%-72% per year level). No attrition of knowledge across the years was observed, instead, a significant increase in knowledge, measured by total LO and HO scores (P < 0.0005), throughout the program. There were significant increases in both low and high cognitive scores which were not uniform, with high-order scores increasing significantly in the last two year levels. The increase of knowledge, may be explained, at least partially, by the vertical and horizontal integrated curriculum. Retrieval of knowledge, especially in clinically applied formats, may have led to an enhanced ability to apply anatomy knowledge and account for the increased scores in the high-order knowledge seen in the later clinical years. Evaluating anatomy knowledge retention at different cognitive levels seems to provide a better assessment and is worth considering in future anatomy educational research.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12998-020-00325-6
Abstract: Human anatomy education is compulsory in the undergraduate curriculum in all Australian chiropractic education programs. There is very little data on clinicians’ perceptions of the adequacy of their anatomy training and its relevance to practice. The aims of this study were to evaluate Australian registered chiropractors’ perceptions on the relevance and adequacy of anatomy training for clinical practice and analyse their opinion on the usefulness of the teaching resources utilized during their preprofessional training. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on a s le of Australian registered chiropractors focussing on the adequacy of their anatomical science (gross anatomy, histology, neuroanatomy and embryology) training and the clinical relevance of each in idual sub-discipline, and the perceived value of each of the different anatomy teaching resources utilized. A total of 128 completed surveys were returned from an estimated 387 attendees at two national chiropractic conferences (estimated 33% response rate). The respondents represent 2.6% of registered chiropractors in Australia in 2016 and were representative in terms of gender (66.4% male) but not age, with older generations being over-represented (peak age group 35–44 vs. 25–34). The majority of the survey respondents obtained their chiropractic qualification in Australia (89.1%) and graduated after 1990 with an average of 21.7 years (SD = 11.3, range = 1–44) in practice. Respondents were equally likely to have undertaken anatomy training in Medicine, Science, Health Science, or other faculties. The disciplines perceived most relevant for clinical practice were neuroanatomy (100% of respondents agreeing) and gross anatomy (99.2%), followed by histology (86.0%) and embryology (81.1%). Respondents also perceived their training to be most adequate in neuroanatomy (99.3%) and gross anatomy (99.2%) followed by histology (91.4%) and embryology (85%). Respondents confirmed exposure to a varied suite of anatomy teaching tools utilized during their pre-professional training and highly valued access to cadavers and prosected specimens. The majority of respondents perceived anatomy as highly relevant to their clinical practice and noted that it was adequately taught within a wide range of educational approaches. These results will assist educators to refine content and delivery of anatomy course offerings to maximize relevance in chiropractic clinical practice.
Publisher: National Library of Serbia
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.2298/GEI1102233S
Publisher: I MED Research Publications
Date: 05-09-2022
Abstract: Background: Introductory anatomy courses present challenges for educators at many institutions as they frequently comprise large numbers of students with dissimilar levels of preparedness, belonging to different academic programs. Setting: At Macquarie University, Introduction to Anatomy course enrolls students belonging to four different faculties and programs ranging from health professions to law and archaeology. The failure rate has traditionally been quite high, with two practical tests (mid and end of the semester) being particularly challenging. Several strategies have been employed to improve students’ performance. Intervention: In 2018, a week before each practical test, revision sessions were introduced, where attendance was optional. These four-hour sessions were amalgams of traditional teaching and peer-assisted learning. This study aimed to assess the value of revision sessions by comparing the test results of students who attended and those who did not. Outcome measure: Marks attained in the practical test. Results: A total of 598 students were enrolled in the course in 2018, of which 162 (27.1%) attended revision session 1 and 177 (29.6%) session 2. The average mark for practical test 1 for students who attended revision sessions was 78.8% and 74.6% in test 2, while those who did not attend achieved 61.8% and 54.5% respectively. Differences in marks for both tests were statistically significant (p .05). Conclusion: As there were no other changes in course delivery it can be hypothesized that revision sessions contributed to better practical test performance in 2018. These findings appear to corroborate previous research suggesting that systematic and focused revision sessions improve results in anatomy assessments. KEY WORDS: Anatomy Education, Revision, Assessment, Knowledge Retention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJOG.2011.10.863
Abstract: We sought to assess congruity between data abstracted from medical records with answers to self-administered questionnaires. This was a multicenter prospective nulliparous pregnancy cohort. A total of 1507 women enrolled. Analyses were reported for 1296 with medical record data and 3-month postpartum follow-up. There was near-perfect agreement (κ ≥ 0.80) between maternal report and abstracted data for reproductive history, induction/augmentation method, epidural/spinal analgesia, method of birth, perineal repair, infant birthweight, and gestation. Agreement was poor to moderate for maternal position in second stage and duration of pushing. Maternal report of pregnancy, labor, and birth factors was very reliable and considered more accurate in relation to maternal position in labor and birth, smoking, prior terminations, and miscarriages. Use of routine birthing outcome summaries may introduce measurement error as hospitals differ in their definitions and reporting practices. Using primary data sources (eg, partograms) with clearly defined prespecified criteria will provide the most accurate obstetric exposure and outcome data.
Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa
Date: 05-07-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-02-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.0730-7659.2006.00073.X
Abstract: When antenatal care is provided, identification and management of challenging problems, such as depression, domestic violence, child abuse, and substance abuse, are absent from traditional midwifery and medical training. The main objective of this project was to provide an alternative to psychosocial risk screening in pregnancy by offering a training program (ANEW) in advanced communication skills and common psychosocial issues to midwives and doctors, with the aim of improving identification and support of women with psychosocial issues in pregnancy. ANEW used a before-and-after survey design to evaluate the effects of a 6-month educational intervention for health professionals. The setting for the project was the Mercy Hospital for Women in Melbourne, Australia. Surveys covered issues, such as perceived competency and comfort in dealing with specific psychosocial issues, self-rated communication skills, and open-ended questions about participants' experience of the educational program. Educational program participants (n = 22/27) completed both surveys. After the educational intervention, participants were more likely to ask directly about domestic violence (p = 0.05), past sexual abuse (p = 0.05), and concerns about caring for the baby (p = 0.03). They were less likely to report that psychosocial issues made them feel overwhelmed (p = 0.01), and they reported significant gains in knowledge of psychosocial issues, and competence in dealing with them. Participants were highly positive about the experience of participating in the program. The program increased the self-reported comfort and competency of health professionals to identify and care for women with psychosocial issues.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00737-009-0049-6
Abstract: Access to treatment for postnatal anxiety and depression is dependant on women seeking help for psychological symptoms. The aim of this paper was to investigate what women themselves say about seeking help for emotional difficulties after childbirth. The Maternal Health Study is a prospective pregnancy cohort study investigating the physical and psychological health of 1,507 nulliparous women during pregnancy and after birth. One thousand, three hundred eighty-five women completed a computer-assisted telephone interview at 9 months postpartum 8.5% of women reported intense anxiety or panic attacks occasionally or often, and 9.5% reported depressed mood, between 6 and 9 months postpartum. Of those experiencing anxiety symptoms alone 44.4% had spoken to a health professional, compared with 65.5% of women experiencing depressive symptoms alone (RR = 0.68, 95% CI-0.5 to 0.9). Measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms at 9 months postpartum were not validated against diagnostic criteria. Anxiety is a common experience in the perinatal period. More research is needed into this area to determine what levels of anxiety are 'normal' and acceptable to women during this period. Public health c aigns may have been more effective in encouraging women to seek help for depression than anxiety.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-09-2017
DOI: 10.1002/CA.22978
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 2011
Abstract: Anatomy has been at the foundation of medical students' training. In recent decades, medical programs in many countries have undergone major reform in both pedagogy and content. These reforms generated intense debates, focusing mainly on the way the new programs affected medical graduates' knowledge of anatomy and their clinical capabilities. Anatomy, however, is not only core to medicine, but also to a number of allied and complementary health disciplines. While the evaluation of anatomy teaching and learning in the medical programs has been heavily scrutinized, anatomy education in the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) professions, including those, such as chiropractic, in which anatomy has traditionally been one of the main preclinical subjects, has been less frequently evaluated. The study aimed to make a preliminary assessment of the final year chiropractic students' knowledge of anatomy using the "carpal bone test." The testing was conducted on the final-year chiropractic students at Macquarie University in 2009. In this test, the students were given 5 minutes to label an illustration of the bony skeleton of the carpal region. The results of this assessment were then compared to results of previously published surveys using the "carpal bone test." A total of 84 students participated in the study. Thirty-eight percent (38%) of students identified all eight bones, while 60% of students identified five or more carpal bones. The most frequent correctly identified bone was the pisiform, followed by the scaphoid bone (82% and 74% of students, respectively). The trapezium and trapezoid bones were least frequently identified: both by 52% of students each. These results were generally better than those of the previously tested final-year medical students. The importance of anatomy in chiropractors' education has been generally acknowledged. This study suggests that the comparatively high number of hours devoted to anatomy in Macquarie University chiropractic curriculum and underpinning of clinical skills to anatomy knowledge in the senior year have increased retention of anatomy knowledge. The study, preliminary in nature, has also recognized the need for more detailed assessment of teaching and learning of the basic medical sciences in chiropractic and other CAM disciplines.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/AH11128
Abstract: Objective. Despite the expansion of postnatal domiciliary services, we know little about the women receiving visits and how they regard their care. The aim of this study is to examine the provision of postnatal domiciliary care from a consumer perspective. Methods. All women who gave birth in September–October 2007 in South Australia and Victoria were mailed questionnaires 6 months after the birth. Women were asked if they had received a midwifery home visit, and to rate the care they received. Results. More women in South Australia reported receiving a domiciliary visit than in Victoria (88.0% v. 76.0%) and they were more likely to rate their care as ‘very good’ (69.1% v. 63.4%). Younger women, women on a lower income, who were holding a healthcare concession card or who had not completed secondary education were less likely to receive a visit. Conclusion. Although the majority of women in public maternity care in Victoria and South Australia receive domiciliary care and rate it positively, there are significant state-based differences. Those more likely to benefit from domiciliary care are less likely to receive a visit. There is a need to further explore the purpose, aims and content of domiciliary care at in idual and state-wide levels. What is known about the topic? Postnatal domiciliary services have expanded dramatically over the past decade as the postpartum hospital stay has shortened. Despite its widespread introduction, there are no mechanisms in place to monitor or evaluate whether these services are meeting women’s expectations. We know little about the women who receive domiciliary postnatal visits in the first week after discharge from hospital, and how they regard their experience of care. What does the paper add? This is the first Australian population-based survey that describes the experience of domiciliary care according to the state in which women reside and to examine the sociodemographic, obstetric and organisational factors associated with the provision of services. What are the implications for practitioners? There were state-based differences in the provision of domiciliary care and whilst the majority of women received domiciliary care and rated it positively, an inverse care law seems to apply: women who were more likely to need and derive benefit from domiciliary care were less likely to receive it. There is a need to further explore the purpose, aims and content of domiciliary care at in idual and state-wide levels.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2011
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.1968
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 10-05-2017
DOI: 10.1142/10118
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.21048
Abstract: Obtaining a bone s le for DNA analysis has traditionally been a destructive practice, which has resulted in reluctance on behalf of curators for skeletal collections to allow invasive testing. A novel minimally invasive bone s ling method for DNA analysis is presented here. This method uses a conventional hand drill wherein the bone s le is extracted from the intercondylar fossa of the femur it does not interfere with any known anthropometric landmarks and only leaves a small hole on the surface of the bone. The temperature of the drill is documented and it was established due to the minor increase in temperature, that this should not affect the molecular integrity of the s le. This method is easily replicated and is suitable for both human and other animal skeletal material and can be applied to rare specimens with little risk.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-03-2014
DOI: 10.1002/CA.22390
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.FSIGEN.2008.10.007
Abstract: Sex identification from skeletal material is of vital importance in order to reconstruct the demographic variables of an in idual in forensic genetics and ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis. When the use of conventional methods of sex identification are impossible, molecular analysis of the X and Y chromosomes provides an expedient solution. Two novel systems of molecular sex identification suitable for skeletal material using the amelogenin gene are described, beginning in intron 2-3, spanning exon 3 and ending in intron 3-4. This area was optimal for sexing, as it includes 14 sex-specific polymorphic regions in addition to an indel (insertion or deletion of nucleotides). Once optimised and working with 100% efficiency on the controls, these procedures were applied to a collection of miscellaneous archaeological skeletons (ex situ) sourced from the Raymond Dart Collection of Human Skeletons (Dart Collection). This collection was used to optimise these techniques for skeletal remains derived from an archaeological context. These methods produced 46.66% sex results for the ex situ s le, which is within the normal range for aDNA studies. These new techniques are optimal for sex identification, with both the inherent control of isolating many sex-specific features and combined with the use of sensitive micro-fluidic electrophoresis.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2010
DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.21325
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 24-06-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-010-0638-Z
Abstract: To assess intimate partner violence (IPV) in a longitudinal cohort study during and after pregnancy, and examine social and economic factors encouraging or inhibiting violence. Nulliparous women were recruited from 6 public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Self-administered questionnaires included standardised measures assessing fear of an intimate partner at enrolment, 6 and 12 months postpartum and period prevalence of physical and emotional abuse in the first 12 months postpartum. 1,507 women completed baseline data (mean gestation 15 weeks). Response fractions at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum were 95, 93 and 90%, respectively. 5.1 and 5.4% of women reported fear in pregnancy and the first year postpartum, respectively. 17% experienced physical and/or emotional abuse in the first year postpartum. Most women who reported fear of an intimate partner in the first year after the index birth reported fear before and/or during pregnancy. Women working in early pregnancy who qualified for paid maternity leave had significantly reduced odds of reporting combined physical and emotional IPV in the first 12 months postpartum compared with women not working (Adj. OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.55). Women working but not eligible for paid leave had reduced odds compared with women not working (Adj. OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24-1.00). Models adjusted for maternal age, relationship status, income and education level. Few first time mothers reported fear for the first time after childbirth suggesting that IPV more commonly commences prior to the first birth. Paid maternity leave may have broader social benefits beyond immediate financial benefits to women and families.
Publisher: University of California Press
Date: 09-1999
DOI: 10.2307/4450747
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0803.311
Abstract: British scientist Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark was one of the most distinguished anatomists, neuroscientists and physical anthropologists of the twentieth century. He spent most of his career at the University of Oxford as the Chair of the Anatomy Department. This paper focuses on Le Gros Clark’s early career and provides a historical account of the three years he spent as a Principal Medical Officer in Sarawak, which was then a British controlled state on the island of Borneo. At Sarawak he carried out numerous medical, administrative, and educational duties, making significant improvements to the local health system. His success as the Principal Medical Officer came not only as a result of his medical knowledge and organizational skills, but also because of his extensive knowledge and understanding of the local cultures. Interested in the natural history of the country, Le Gros Clark also collected specimens of the local fauna. These would provide material for some of his most significant research carried out when he took an academic position in England. Years in Sarawak enriched Le Gros Clark not only as a scientist and medical practitioner, but also had a deep influence on his general outlook on life and personal development.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCHB.2008.06.002
Abstract: Raymond Dart is best known today for his groundbreaking research in palaeoanthropology. It is often forgotten, however, that Dart was a scientist of many interests, who made significant contributions to various disciplines. One of these is the study of living non-human primates. Dart became aware of the importance of primate studies and their relevance for research in other disciplines early in his career. In the late 1920s Dart established a colony of captive baboons in the Anatomy Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. On these animals, members of his Department, most notably Joseph Gillman and Christine Gilbert, carried out a number of significant behavioural and endocrinological researches. In 1930, as a member of an Italian Scientific Expedition, Dart was involved in hunting a mountain gorilla (for research purposes). He was also active in primate field studies. In 1957 he and Phillip Tobias founded a Witwatersrand University Uganda Gorilla Research Unit for the study of the Virunga mountain gorillas. The unit produced pioneering studies, conducted by Jill Donisthorpe, on the behaviour of these primates in their natural habitat. At the same time Dart was actively engaged in conservation of the mountain gorillas. He also studied South African chacma baboons in the wild. In the field of primate studies Raymond Dart figures prominently as a pioneering catalyst as well as researcher and conservationist.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2000
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-05-2014
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 11-05-2017
Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa
Date: 29-10-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 11-05-2017
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2014
Abstract: Giambattista Canano was a sixteenth century Italian anatomist and physician. He was educated at the University of Ferrara where, upon graduation, he was appointed professor of anatomy. While at the university, Canano carried out a pioneering study of skeletal muscles. This study was to be published in a multi-volumed book entitled Musculorum Humani Corporis Picturata Dissectio. However, only the section on the muscles of the upper limb was published, as Canano stopped the printing of his book. It is hypothesized that he met Vesalius at the time and saw the proofs of his Fabrica which he assessed as far superior and, consequently, decided to abort his project. The preserved copies of the Dissectio, however, show that the standards of Canano's work surpassed most of the anatomical studies published up to that time. Canano subsequently left the academic position and made a notable career as a physician. His appointments included prestigious positions of physician to the Pope and protomedicus of the House of Este in Ferrara.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-06-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-09-2013
DOI: 10.1002/CA.22163
Abstract: The article outlines the career of the renowned South African scientist Phillip Vallentine Tobias. While he made substantial contributions to a number of scientific disciplines, Tobias spent most of his career teaching anatomy at his alma mater, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, and saw himself primarily as an anatomist. The first part of this article presents Tobias' major contributions to science and demonstrates that his profound knowledge of anatomy was the basis of many of his groundbreaking research accomplishments. The second part of the article focuses on Tobias' career in anatomy and his significant contribution to anatomy teaching and administration, particularly in establishing and organizing the Anatomical Society of Southern Africa. The article also demonstrates how Tobias' academic career was constrained by the oppressive system of apartheid South Africa and how social engagement was an integral part of his intellectual activities.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: I MED Research Publications
Date: 28-02-2017
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 06-2003
DOI: 10.1086/374899
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/PY11111
Abstract: New mothers and their infants are high frequency users of primary health care services in Australia providing opportunities for GPs to engage with women about common postnatal morbidities. This study aimed to explore women’s views of GP care in the first year following birth. We used semistructured interviews with a subs le of women who had participated in a population-based survey of women who gave birth in two Australian states (Victoria and South Australia) in 2007. Twenty-nine women were interviewed. Prominent themes that emerged were around issues of disclosure, including women’s views on ways practitioner interactions and systems of care facilitate or hinder disclosure and subsequent discussion of health problems. Women reflected on the role GPs played in their health and wellbeing after childbirth, the importance of enquiry, communication style and the way access to, and time in, consultations impact on disclosure, perceived support and discussions. To improve care for women after childbirth we need to know the contexts that facilitate disclosure. Findings from this qualitative study deliver an important message to clinicians: women value primary care, identify issues that facilitate and hinder disclosure and describe ‘good’ encounters as ones where they feel understood, supported and reassured.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 08-2002
DOI: 10.1086/342441
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MIDW.2007.01.004
Abstract: four hospitals comprising a health network in Melbourne, Australia, implemented a range of initiatives aimed at enhancing women's experiences of postnatal maternity care. to compare women's views and experiences of early postnatal care before and after implementation of maternity enhancement initiatives. 'before and after' study design incorporating two postal surveys of recent mothers (baseline and post-implementation). four hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Analysis of postnatal outcomes was confined to three hospitals where the initiatives were fully operational. 1256 women participated in the baseline survey in 1999 (before implementing the initiative) and 1050 women responded to the post-implementation survey in 2001. the response to the 1999 baseline survey was 65.3% (1256/1922) and to the 2001 post-implementation survey 57.4% (1050/1829). Comparative analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in overall ratings of hospital postnatal care the level of advice and support received in relation to discharge and going home the sensitivity of caregivers and the proportion of women receiving domiciliary care after discharge. There was little change in the time women spent in hospital after birth between the two survey time-points. Over 90% of women reported one or more health problems in the first 3 months postpartum. The proportion of women reporting physical or emotional health problems between the two surveys did not change. mainstream maternity care can be restructured to improve women's experiences of early postnatal care. maternity service providers should consider a multi-faceted approach to reorienting postnatal services and improving women's experiences of care. Approaches worthy of consideration include attempts to ensure consistency and continuity of care through staffing arrangements, guidelines and protocols an emphasis on planning for postnatal care during pregnancy the use of evidence to inform both consumer information and advice and in the practice of caring and skill-enhancement opportunities for care providers in managing postnatal issues and in effective communication.
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-10-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ASE.2117
Abstract: Anatomy is a key knowledge area in chiropractic and is formally offered in the undergraduate component of chiropractic education. There is the potential for loss of anatomy knowledge before the opportunity to apply it in a clinical setting. This study aimed to determine whether chiropractic clinicians retain a level of anatomy knowledge comparable to that of chiropractic students and to compare chiropractors' self‐rating of their anatomical knowledge against an objective knowledge assessment tool. A previously validated multiple‐choice test was utilized to measure retention of limb musculoskeletal (MSK) knowledge in Australian chiropractors. One hundred and one registered chiropractors completed the questionnaire and responses were scored, analyzed, and compared to scores attained by undergraduate and postgraduate chiropractic students who had previously completed the same questionnaire. The results indicated that practitioners retained their anatomy knowledge, with a significantly higher total mean score than the undergraduate group [total mean score = 36.5% (±SD 13.6%) P 0.01] but not significantly different to the postgraduate group [total mean score = 52.2% (±SD 14.1%) P = 0.74]. There was a weak positive correlation between chiropractors' self‐rated knowledge and test performance scores indicating the effectiveness of this Australian chiropractic group in self‐assessing their anatomy knowledge. This study found that Australian chiropractors' knowledge of MSK anatomy was retained during the transition from university to clinical practice and they accurately evaluated their own test performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.MIDW.2012.01.005
Abstract: to investigate the relationship between physical health problems and depressive symptoms in early pregnancy. baseline questionnaire, prospective pregnancy cohort study. six metropolitan public maternity hospitals in Victoria, Australia. 1507 nulliparous women recruited in early pregnancy. nine per cent of women (131/1500) scored ≥ 13 on the EPDS indicating probable clinical depression in early pregnancy (mean gestation=15 weeks). The five most commonly reported physical health problems were as follows: exhaustion (86.9%), morning sickness (64.3%), back pain (45.6%), constipation (43.5%) and severe headaches or migraines (29.5%). Women scoring ≥ 13 on the EPDS reported a mean of six physical health problems compared with a mean of 3.5 among women scoring <13 on the EPDS. Women reporting five or more physical health problems had a three-fold increase in likelihood of reporting depressive symptoms (Adj OR=3.13, 95% CI 2.14-4.58) after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, including maternal age. the findings from this large multi-centre study show that women experiencing a greater number of physical health problems are at increased risk of reporting depressive symptoms in early pregnancy. early detection and support for women experiencing physical and psychological health problems in pregnancy is an important aspect of antenatal care. The extent of co-morbid physical and psychological health problems underlines the need for comprehensive primary health care as an integral component of antenatal care.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2007
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-006-0134-3
Abstract: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been widely used to assess maternal depression following childbirth in a range of English speaking countries, and increasingly also in translation in non-English speaking ones. It has performed satisfactorily in most validation studies, has proved easy to administer, is acceptable to women, and rates of depression in the range of 10-20% have been consistently found. The performance of the EPDS was compared across different population s les in Australia: (i) Women born in Australia or in another English speaking country who completed the EPDS in English as part of the 1994 postal Survey of Recent Mothers (SRM) 6-7 months after birth (n = 1166) (ii) Women born in non-English speaking countries who also completed the EPDS in English in the same survey (n = 142) and (iii) Women born in Vietnam (n = 103), Turkey (n = 104) and the Philippines (n = 106) who completed the EPDS 6-9 months after birth in translation in the Mothers in a New Country Study (MINC) study (total n = 313). The pattern of item responses on the EPDS was assessed in various ways across the s les and internal reliability coefficients were calculated. Exploratory factor analyses were also conducted to assess the similarity in the factor solutions across the s les. The EPDS had good construct validity and item endorsement by women was similar across the s les. Internal reliability of the scale was also very satisfactory with Cronbach's alpha for each s le being > or = 8. Between 39 and 46% of the variance in each of the three main s les was accounted for by one principal factor 'depression' (6-7 items loading), with two supplementary factors 'loss of enjoyment' (2 items loading) and 'despair/self-harm' (2-3 items loading) accounting for a further 20-25% of the variance. Alternative one and two factor solutions also showed a great deal of consistency between the s les. The good item consistency of the EPDS and the relative stability of the factor patterns across the s les are indicative that the scale is understood and completed in similar ways by women in these different English speaking and non-English speaking population groups. With the proviso that careful translation processes and extensive piloting of translations are always needed, these findings lend further support to the use of the EPDS in cross-cultural research on depression following childbirth.
Publisher: Kamla Raj Enterprises
Date: 07-2014
No related grants have been discovered for Goran Strkalj.