ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0549-0363
Current Organisation
UNSW Sydney
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Palaeoclimatology | Glaciology | Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience | Climate Change Processes
Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Environments (excl. Social Impacts) | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Global Effects of Climate Change and Variability (excl. Australia, New Zealand, Antarctica and the South Pacific) (excl. Social Impacts) |
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9CE00749K
Abstract: In this study, a hydroxyl-rich Schiff base ligand, H 4 L , and its resulting complexes with ZnCl 2 , Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 and Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 were explored.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41559-022-01735-W
Abstract: The initial peopling of the remote Pacific islands was one of the greatest migrations in human history, beginning three millennia ago by Lapita cultural groups. The spread of Lapita out of an ancestral Asian homeland is a dominant narrative in the origins of Pacific peoples, and although Island New Guinea has long been recognized as a springboard for the peopling of Oceania, the role of Indigenous populations in this remarkable phase of exploration remains largely untested. Here, we report the earliest evidence for Lapita-introduced animals, turtle bone technology and repeated obsidian import in southern New Guinea 3,480-3,060 years ago, synchronous with the establishment of the earliest known Lapita settlements 700 km away. Our findings precede sustained Lapita migrations and pottery introductions by several centuries, occur alongside Indigenous technologies and suggest continued multicultural influences on population ersity despite language replacement. Our work shows that initial Lapita expansion throughout Island New Guinea was more expansive than previously considered, with Indigenous contact influencing migration pathways and island-hopping strategies that culminated in rapid and purposeful Pacific-wide settlement. Later Lapita dispersals through New Guinea were facilitated by earlier contact with Indigenous populations and profoundly influenced the region as a global centre of cultural and linguistic ersity.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-07-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0885715617001002
Abstract: Archaeometrists use a variety of analytical methods to determine trace elements in ancient Greek silver coins, for provenance studies, understanding social and technological change, and authentication. One analytical problem which is little documented is understanding the horizontal spatial heterogeneity of coin elemental composition in micro-s led areas, which are usually assumed to be uniform. This study analysed ten ancient Greek coins representative of silver circulating in the Aegean region in the sixth to third centuries BC. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry was used to map the spatial distribution of elements on coins that were abraded to remove the patina. Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry was then conducted on selected coins, mapping an area ~100 × 100 µm and depth profiling from 0 to 10 µm. These data revealed the three-dimensional elemental complexity of the coins, in particular, the heterogeneity both in the patina and beneath it. These data will guide future authentication and provenance studies of larger s le sets of ancient Greek coins including the use of line scanning for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data collection rather than spot analyses, and non-destructive analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2010.09.088
Abstract: The biogenic synthesis of metal nanomaterials offers an environmentally benign alternative to the traditional chemical synthesis routes. Colloidal silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting aqueous AgNO(3) with Medicago sativa seed exudates under non-photomediated conditions. Upon contact, rapid reduction of Ag(+) ions was observed in <1 min with Ag nanoparticle formation reaching 90% completion in <50 min. Effect of Ag concentration, quantity of exudate and pH on the particle size and shape were investigated. At [Ag(+)]=0.01 M and 30°C, largely spherical nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 5-51 nm were generated, while flower-like particle clusters (mean size=104 nm) were observed on treatment at higher Ag concentrations. Pre-dilution of the exudate induced the formation of single-crystalline Ag nanoplates, forming hexagonal particles and nanotriangles with edge lengths of 86-108 nm, while pH adjustment to 11 resulted in monodisperse Ag nanoparticles with an average size of 12 nm. Repeated centrifugation and redispersion enhanced the percentage of nanoplates from 10% to 75% in solution. The kinetics of nanoparticle formation were monitored using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and the Ag products were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the elements and chemical environment in the top layers of the as-synthesized Ag nanoparticles, while the metabolites in the exudate were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first account of M. sativa seed exudate assisted synthesis and stabilization of biogenic Ag nanoparticles the nanoplates are notably smaller and better faceted compared with those synthesized by vascular plant extracts previously reported. Stabilized films of exudate synthesized Ag nanoparticles were effective anti-bacterial agents.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7NJ02248D
Abstract: First ex le of glyoxylamide-based short peptides which can encapsulate organic solvents and water at relatively low concentrations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-29711-9
Abstract: Groundwater comprises 95% of the liquid fresh water on Earth and contains a erse mix of dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules which play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Currently, the storage times and degradation pathways of groundwater DOM are unclear, preventing an accurate estimate of groundwater carbon sources and sinks for global carbon budgets. Here we reveal the transformations of DOM in aging groundwater using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry combined with radiocarbon dating. Long-term anoxia and a lack of photodegradation leads to the removal of oxidised DOM and a build-up of both reduced photodegradable formulae and aerobically biolabile formulae with a strong microbial signal. This contrasts with the degradation pathway of DOM in oxic marine, river, and lake systems. Our findings suggest that processes such as groundwater extraction and subterranean groundwater discharge to oceans could result in up to 13 Tg of highly photolabile and aerobically biolabile groundwater dissolved organic carbon released to surface environments per year, where it can be rapidly degraded. These findings highlight the importance of considering groundwater DOM in global carbon budgets.
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 04-04-2017
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.23008
Abstract: Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions drive the surface ocean sulfur cycle and local climatic processes through the production and exchange of a key compound: dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Despite their large-scale implications, these interactions remain unquantified at the cellular-scale. Here we use secondary-ion mass spectrometry to provide the first visualization of DMSP at sub-cellular levels, tracking the fate of a stable sulfur isotope (34S) from its incorporation by microalgae as inorganic sulfate to its biosynthesis and exudation as DMSP, and finally its uptake and degradation by bacteria. Our results identify for the first time the storage locations of DMSP in microalgae, with high enrichments present in vacuoles, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. In addition, we quantify DMSP incorporation at the single-cell level, with DMSP-degrading bacteria containing seven times more 34S than the control strain. This study provides an unprecedented methodology to label, retain, and image small diffusible molecules, which can be transposable to other symbiotic systems.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 07-01-2022
Abstract: The discovery of an exceptionally well-preserved fossil site provides new insight into the nature of Miocene ecosystems.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2TC04998H
Abstract: Scan rate dependent spin crossover behaviour is investigated in a new Fe( ii ) dinuclear triple helicate. Slow cooling allows relaxation to a densely packed state, while fast cooling traps the structure in a sparsely packed state.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-014-5832-2
Abstract: Direct analysis of the colonised surface on coal using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) revealed the nature of bacteria-mediated oxidation at the coal surface. Unique oxidation peaks generated by the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens on coal was shown through ATR-FTIR measurements, and ATR-FTIR imaging illustrated that this peak was only observed within the region of coal colonised by bacteria. Contact angle measurements and surface free energy of adhesion calculations showed that the adhesion between P. fluorescens and coal was thermodynamically favourable, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited in idual cell or monolayer cluster attachment on coal. Furthermore, Gaussian peak fitting of peroxidase-treated coal ATR-FTIR spectra revealed that peroxidase or related enzymes produced by P. fluorescens may be responsible for coal oxidation. This study demonstrated the usefulness and practicality of ATR-FTIR for analysing coal oxidation by P. fluorescens and may well be applied to other microbe-driven modifications of coal for its rapidity and reliability.
Publisher: California Digital Library (CDL)
Date: 11-12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-08-2002
DOI: 10.1021/CG020017O
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-10-2018
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.8B09402
Abstract: A major synthetic challenge is to make metal nanoparticles with nanosized branches and well-defined facets for high-performance catalysts. Herein, we introduce a mechanism that uses the growth of hexagonal crystal structured branches off cubic crystal structured core nanoparticles. We control the growth to form Pd-core Ru-branch nanoparticles that have nanosized branches with low index Ru facets. We demonstrate that the branched and faceted structural features of the Pd-Ru nanoparticles retain high catalytic activity while also achieving high stability for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-10-2014
DOI: 10.1017/S088571561400089X
Abstract: Recent developments in instrumentation mean that chemical analysis of large drill cores taken for geological purposes can be performed rapidly at sub-millimetre scales using core scanners equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers. The present study describes the development of a calibration for the Itrax Core Scanner (Cox Analytical, Sweden), intended for whole cores of coal-seam sections, without the need for s le preparation. The calibration was developed for key major elements (Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, and Fe) based on pressed pellets of reference coals, allowing semi-quantitative and, at times, quantitative analyses. The influence of core curvature and surface roughness compared with an ideal flat-surface was also examined using model s les, and their influence on the apparent s le composition evaluated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 15-07-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-07-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5CE02206A
Abstract: The s -triazine herbicides simazine and atrazine assemble as hydrogen-bonded tapes in the solid state, and in a range of other s -triazines in the CSD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-07-2001
DOI: 10.1021/JA010664O
Abstract: In this paper we describe model calculations for the self-assembly of N,N-disubstituted melamines 1 and N-substituted cyanuric acid or 5,5-disubstituted barbituric acid derivatives 2 into linear or crinkled tapes and cyclic rosettes via cooperative hydrogen bond formation. The model description considers all possible stereoisomeric tape structures consisting of two to eight different components (270 different species in total) and one cyclic hexameric rosette structure. Furthermore, eight steric parameters (R(12)-R(28)) are included that represent the different types of steric interactions within the assemblies. Most importantly, the model calculations clearly show that the tape/rosette ratio is very sensitive to changes in parameters that directly affect the internal energy of the rosette structure. In this respect, three parameters have been characterized, i.e., the basic equilibrium constant K(0) for the bimolecular association of a melamine and cyanurate, the equilibrium constant K(r)/K(0) for the cyclization of a linear hexamer, and the parameter R(12)-a(Z)b, representing attractive or repulsive interactions between adjacent melamine and cyanurate moieties. For ex le, an increase in K(0) from 100 to 10,000 M(-1) ([A](0) = [B](0) = 10 mM, K(r) = 0.01 M) or in K(r) from 0.001 to 0.1 M ([A](0) = [B](0) = 10 mM, K(0) = 1000 M(-1)) raises the concentration of the rosette from <5 to approximately 90% or from approximately 10 to approximately 85%, respectively. Similarly, a change in R(12)-a(Z)b from 1.0 (no repulsive or attractive interactions) to 1.5 (slight attractive interaction) raises the rosette fraction of the mixture from 25% to 45%. In sharp contrast to this, the model calculations show that parameters that only affect the internal energy of the tapes (R(13)--R(28)) hardly change the tape/rosette ratio. For ex le, by changing R(13)-a(EE)a from 1.0 (no repulsive or attractive interactions) to 0.001 (maximum repulsion), the rosette fraction in the mixture changes by no more than 8%. Including all possible sterics that occur only in tapes (i.e., R(13)--R(28)), the maximum change in rosette fraction is no more than 16%. These predictions can be rationalized by considering that any change in the stability of the tapes only affects the rosette concentration by means of shifting the equilibrium between free 1 and 2 and the rosette. Since there are 270 different tapelike structures in equilibrium, this mixture represents the best buffer solution in the world. These model calculations seem to conflict with the concept of peripheral crowding as put forward by Whitesides et al., which states that bulky substituents on the periphery of the melamine (and cyanurate) components can be used to shift the tape/rosette equilibrium completely toward the rosette structure. Computer simulations (CHARMm 24.0) show that linear tapes with bulky substituents are severely distorted from planarity, while the corresponding rosette remains planar. Therefore, tapelike structures with bulky substituents are expected to have a much higher solubility than the corresponding rosettes, which can explain the observed crystal data.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-06-2022
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.2C04911
Abstract: Creating high surface area nanocatalysts that contain stacking faults is a promising strategy to improve catalytic activity. Stacking faults can tune the reactivity of the active sites, leading to improved catalytic performance. The formation of branched metal nanoparticles with control of the stacking fault density is synthetically challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that varying the branch width by altering the size of the seed that the branch grows off is an effective method to precisely tune the stacking fault density in branched Ni nanoparticles. A high density of stacking faults across the Ni branches was found to lower the energy barrier for Ni
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7DT02556D
Abstract: The neutral complexes of type [EuL], [GdL] and [DyL] incorporating a heptadentate tripodal ligand were synthesized and their optical and magnetic properties have been investigated.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JRS.5501
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8NR03341B
Abstract: Pd–Ru nanoparticles with thin shells and a stable core are shown to improve stability in oxygen evolution reaction catalysis while retaining high activity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.09.200
Abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the nutrient status of biochar and soils prior to its inclusion in particular agricultural systems. Pre-treatment of nutrient-reactive biochar, where nutrients are loaded into pores and onto surfaces, gives improved yield outcomes compared to untreated biochar. In this study we have used a wide selection of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of nutrient retention in a high temperature wood biochar, which had negative effects on Chenopodium quinoa above ground biomass yield when applied to the system without prior nutrient loading, but positive effects when applied after composting. We have compared non-composted biochar (BC) with composted biochar (BCC) to elucidate the differences which may have led to these results. The results of our investigation provide evidence for a complex series of reactions during composting, where dissolved nutrients are first taken up into biochar pores along a concentration gradient and through capillary action, followed by surface sorption and retention processes which block biochar pores and result in deposition of a nutrient-rich organomineral (plaque) layer. The lack of such pretreatment in the BC s les would render it reactive towards nutrients in a soil-fertilizer system, making it a competitor for, rather than provider of, nutrients for plant growth.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.4155/CMT.13.23
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 29-08-2009
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7DT04190J
Abstract: VT-XPS shows that the spin behaviour is reversible between the HS and LS states in a new dinuclear helicate iron( ii ) complex.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03085D
Abstract: Phenazine crystals enhance methanogenesis by electron delivery to respiratory heterodisulfide reductase enzyme.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-01-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-06-2014
DOI: 10.1002/9780470027318.A9412
Abstract: Organic molecules that contain conjugated aromatic constituents have the potential to fluoresce. Both natural and anthropogenic organic matters may contain fluorescent molecules, and river and groundwater organic matters can be understood as a complex mixture of fluorescent and non‐fluorescent organic molecules. The investigation of pollution in rivers and groundwaters therefore requires the differentiation of multiple fluorescent molecules from multiple sources. The fluorescence spectra of both natural and pollutant organic matters are increasingly well known. Fluorescent pollutants in rivers and groundwaters are typically identified by high levels of fluorescence in the shortwave ultraviolet spectra associated with high levels of microbiological activity and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from landfill leachates or petroleum products or the presence of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) from industrial, landfill, or sewerage pollution. These fluorescence signals can be distinguished from natural organic matter fluorescence by analyzing either of the differences in spectral properties, often using multiway analysis such as parallel factor analysis, or the investigation of their sensitivity to microbial or photodegradation. Ex les of the investigation of pollution in rivers and groundwaters by fluorescence using both laboratory instrumentation and in situ probes are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-10-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8TB01290C
Abstract: Glyoxylamide-based hydrogels have high ciprofloxacin (CIP) loading capacity and demonstrate a sustained release profile of over 15 days.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-22839-Z
Abstract: Stalagmites play an important role in paleoclimatic reconstructions from seasonal to orbital time scales as 230 Th-dating can provide an accurate absolute age. Additionally, seasonal trace element and optical layers can provide a precise age. We analyzed the seasonal variability of multiple trace elements on a stalagmite (XMG) in Shihua Cave, Beijing and compared them with results from laminae counting. The results show that (1) the polished section of the topmost part of XMG has obvious bi-optical layers under a conventional transmission microscope, however, laminae are not observed using this method in the rest of the s le, and (2) The variations of P/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, U/Ca and Mg/Ca show seasonal cycles throughout the s le. The PC1 in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of five trace elements represents the annual cycle. This stalagmite was deposited over 150 ± 1 years through PC1 peak counting. This result corresponds well with the annual layers and U-Th dating. Trace element cyclicity of PC1 can increase the accuracy of stalagmite dating, especially in the absence of obvious laminae and are a powerful method to identify seasonal changes in a strongly contrasting wet-dry monsoon climate region.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9DT01947B
Abstract: The self-assembly of a mixed-spin [Fe
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.06.186
Abstract: Recent studies have shown that the pyrolysis of biomass combined with clay can result in both lower cost and increase in plant yields. One of the major sources of nutrients for pasture growth, as well as fuel and building materials in Tibet is yak dung. This paper reports on the initial field testing in a pasture setting in Tibet using yak dung, biochar, and attapulgite clay/yak dung biochars produced at ratios of 10/90 and 50/50 clay to dung. We found that the treatment with attapulgite clay/yak dung (50/50) biochar resulted in the highest pasture yields and grass nutrition quality. We also measured the properties and yields of mixtures of clay/yak dung biochar used in the field trials produced at 400°C and 500°C to help determine a possible optimum final pyrolysis temperature and dung/clay ratio. It was observed that increasing clay content increased carbon stability, overall biochar yield, pore size, carboxyl and ketone/aldehyde functional groups, hematite and ferrous/ferric sulphate/thiosulphate concentration, surface area and magnetic moment. Decreasing clay content resulted in higher pH, CEC, N content and an enhanced ability to accept and donate electrons. The resulting properties were a complex function of both processing temperature and the percentage of clay for the biochars processed at both 400°C and 500°C. It is possible that the increase in yield and nutrient uptake in the field trial is related to the higher concentration of C/O functional groups, higher surface area and pore volume and higher content of Fe/O/S nanoparticles of multiple oxidation state in the 50/50 clay/dung. These properties have been found to significantly increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms and hence improve the nutrient cycling and availability in soil. Further field trials are required to determine the optimum pyrolysis production conditions and application rate on the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, yields and nutrient quality.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1039/C39940002513
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CH16565
Abstract: The poorly soluble racemic compound 6,6a,13,13a-tetrahydropentaleno[1,2-b:4,5-b′]diquinoline (4) has an exceptionally high melting point range of 352–354°C despite its low molar mass (308.38) and a structure containing only 40 atoms (38 of which are C and H). Analysis of the X-ray crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface of 4, along with comparison with its isostructural homologue 2, reveals how this occurs in the absence of Pauling-type hydrogen bonding. Excellent complementarity between homochiral molecules of 4 allows formation of enantiomerically pure layers using C–H⋯π, aromatic π⋯π, and C–H⋯N interactions. The alternating layers of opposite handedness are then crosslinked by means of aza-1,3-peri hydrogen interactions. This bifurcated C–H⋯N⋯H–C motif acts as a molecular clip creating a highly rigid network structure. The role of weaker intermolecular forces in influencing the solubility and bioavailability of potential drug molecules is discussed in the context of the popular Lipinski ‘rule of 5’ guidelines.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-01-2016
DOI: 10.1002/SIA.5928
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-09-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2001
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2015WR017786
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7CE01049D
Abstract: Precise control of tape spacing in hydrogen-bonded alkyl-chain substituted chloro- s -triazines is demonstrated at 150–298 K, with some unexpected behaviour from the odd-number carbon derivatives.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1DT03446D
Abstract: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has emerged as a complementary technique for the analysis of spin-crossover in the surface layers of a material.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2014
DOI: 10.1038/SREP05162
Abstract: This study describes the first use of concurrent high-precision temperature and drip rate monitoring to explore what controls the temperature of speleothem forming drip water. Two contrasting sites, one with fast transient and one with slow constant dripping, in a temperate semi-arid location (Wellington, NSW, Australia), exhibit drip water temperatures which deviate significantly from the cave air temperature. We confirm the hypothesis that evaporative cooling is the dominant, but so far unattributed, control causing significant disequilibrium between drip water and host rock/air temperatures. The amount of cooling is dependent on the drip rate, relative humidity and ventilation. Our results have implications for the interpretation of temperature-sensitive, speleothem climate proxies such as δ 18 O, cave microecology and the use of heat as a tracer in karst. Understanding the processes controlling the temperature of speleothem-forming cave drip waters is vital for assessing the reliability of such deposits as archives of climate change.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CH17141
Abstract: Neutral red 1 is a heterocyclic phenazine that, as a crystalline solid, has been observed to accelerate microbial methane generation from coal. Scale-up to an industrial process will require large quantities of neutral red crystals, hence an understanding of any polymorphic behaviour is essential for careful control of this process. A room-temperature structure of 1 (Form I) has been reported previously, and this study describes a new polymorph (Form II) crystallising from aqueous solution at 50°C, or transforming from Form I over an incubation time of one week at 70°C. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been used to study the molecular arrangements and intermolecular interactions in the new polymorph, and compared with those found in the room temperature form. Both polymorphs have been characterised using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, and a synthetic mixture of polymorphs successfully imaged using Raman spectroscopy. Raman imaging is proposed as a quality control method for small quantities of s le to ensure the correct polymorph is produced as a feedstock for this new methanogenesis process.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-11-2011
DOI: 10.1021/MP200455U
Abstract: Duloxetine hydrochloride (1) is an important antidepressant that acts as a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that has only recently been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This study describes an investigation into polymorphism of duloxetine hydrochloride, discusses the challenges of characterizing new structures, and reports a new metastable solvate (1(acetone)) where acetone is trapped in a duloxetine hydrochloride host lattice. In view of the importance of formulation processing and bioavailability characteristics of the crystalline forms of 1, a comprehensive structural study of 1(acetone) was carried out using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The rapid desolvation from 1(acetone) to the stable unsolvated form was investigated, and the structures of free and solvated forms are discussed in terms of the noncovalent intermolecular interactions.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/EN15155326
Abstract: Quantitative characterisation through mineral liberation analysis is required for effective minerals processing in areas such as mineral deposits, tailings and reservoirs in industries for resources, environment and materials science. Current practices in mineral liberation analysis are based on 2D representations, leading to systematic errors in the extrapolation to 3D volumetric properties. The rapid development of X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) opens new opportunities for 3D analysis of features such as particle- and grain-size characterisation, determination of particle densities and shape factors, estimation of mineral associations, and liberation and locking. To date, no simple non-destructive method exists for 3D mineral liberation analysis. We present a new development based on combining μCT with micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) using deep learning. We demonstrate successful semi-automated multimodal analysis of a crystalline magmatic rock by obtaining 2D μXRF mineral maps from the top and bottom of the cylindrical core and propagating that information through the 3D μCT volume with deep learning segmentation. The deep learning model was able to segment the core to obtain reasonable mineral attributes. Additionally, the model overcame the challenge of differentiating minerals with similar densities in μCT, which would not be possible with conventional segmentation methods. The approach is universal and can be extended to any multimodal and multi-instrument analysis for further refinement. We conclude that the combination of μCT and μXRF can provide a new opportunity for robust 3D mineral liberation analysis in both field and laboratory applications.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2014.03.017
Abstract: Heavy metal contamination in croplands has been a serious concern because of its high health risk through soil-food chain transfer. A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 in a contaminated rice paddy in southern China to determine if bioavailability of soil Cd and Pb could be reduced while grain yield was sustained over 3 years after a single soil amendment of wheat straw biochar. Contaminated biochar particles were separated from the biochar amended soil and microscopically analyzed to help determine where, and how, metals were immobilized with biochar. Biochar soil amendment (BSA) consistently and significantly increased soil pH, total organic carbon and decreased soil extractable Cd and Pb over the 3 year period. While rice plant tissues' Cd content was significantly reduced, depending on biochar application rate, reduction in plant Pb concentration was found only in root tissue. Analysis of the fresh and contaminated biochar particles indicated that Cd and Pb had probably been bonded with the mineral phases of Al, Fe and P on and around and inside the contaminated biochar particle. Immobilization of the Pb and Cd also occurred to cation exchange on the porous carbon structure.
Start Date: 2021
End Date: 12-2024
Amount: $590,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity