ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2150-4331
Current Organisation
University of South Africa PretoriaZA
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2018.11.116
Abstract: Due to the known contribution of excess sodium intake on elevations in blood pressure, salt reduction regulations are being introduced in countries all over the world. To study the contribution of sodium intake on cardiovascular disease development, we determined whether left ventricular mass associates with sodium excretion in young adults free from overt cardiovascular disease and those with masked hypertension. We included 681 participants (41% men and 50% black) in a cross-sectional analysis from the African-PREDICT study with complete 24-hour urine collections and successful ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (>70% valid readings). The participants were categorized as normotensive (n = 534) or masked hypertensive (n = 147). In addition, we determined left ventricular mass index (LVMI) along with traditional risk factors. Masked hypertensive in iduals had higher sodium excretion (149 vs. 128 mmol/L/day) and LVMI (78.1 vs. 69.6 g/m Our results indicated that higher sodium excretion (reflecting a higher salt intake) may contribute to increased left ventricular mass, potentially driven by the early development of masked or undetected hypertension.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-08-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-018-1800-4
Abstract: In the Original publication of the article Fig. 1 was published incorrectly. The correct figure is given below. The original article has been corrected.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-11-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980017002683
Abstract: The present study set out to determine whether morning spot urine s les can be used to monitor Na (and K) intake levels in South Africa, instead of the ‘gold standard’ 24 h urine s le. Participants collected one 24 h and one spot urine s le for Na and K analysis, after which estimations using three different formulas (Kawasaki, Tanaka and INTERSALT) were calculated. Between 2013 and 2015, urine s les were collected from different population groups in South Africa. A total of 681 spot and 24 h urine s les were collected from white ( n 259), black ( n 315) and Indian ( n 107) subgroups, mostly women. The Kawasaki and the Tanaka formulas showed significantly higher ( P ≤0·001) estimated Na values than the measured 24 h excretion in the whole population (5677·79 and 4235·05 v . 3279·19 mg/d). The INTERSALT formula did not differ from the measured 24 h excretion for the whole population. The Kawasaki formula seemed to overestimate Na excretion in all subgroups tested and also showed the highest degree of bias (−2242 mg/d, 95 % CI−10 659, 6175) compared with the INTERSALT formula, which had the lowest bias (161 mg/d, 95 % CI−4038, 4360). Estimations of Na excretion by the three formulas should be used with caution when reporting on Na intake levels. More research is needed to validate and develop a specific formula for the South African context with its different population groups. The WHO’s recommendation of using 24 h urine collection until more studies are carried out is still supported.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-018-1791-1
Abstract: There is global consensus on the benefits of reducing excessive salt intake. Indeed, lower salt intake associates with reduced arterial stiffness, a well-established predictor of cardiovascular risk, in older populations. Whether high habitual salt intake in healthy normotensive youth may already contribute to increased arterial stiffness is unknown. We, therefore, determined whether estimated salt intake is associated with large artery stiffness in young healthy black and white adults. We included 693 black and white adults (51% black 42% men), aged 20-30 years. Participants were normotensive based on clinic blood pressure, and no previous diagnosed chronic illnesses. We measured carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and determined estimated salt intake based on 24 h urinary sodium excretion. We found estimated salt consumption of > 5 g/day in 47% of our population, whereas 21% consumed > 10 g/day. In multivariable-adjusted regression analyses a positive association existed between estimated salt intake and cfPWV in the total group (Adj. R Excessive salt intake is positively associated with large artery stiffness-independent of blood pressure-in young adults, especially in black in iduals. Our results suggest a potential contributory role of salt consumption towards early vascular aging.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JASH.2016.08.007
Abstract: Limited number of studies on salt intake has been conducted in the South Africa. The present study established the sodium and potassium excretion (24-hour urine collection) of three different South African populations. In total, 692 successful 24-hour urine collections were analyzed for sodium, potassium, and iodine levels. The median sodium and potassium excretion was 122.9 and 33.5 mmol/d, respectively, and the median salt intake was 7.2 g/d. The majority (92.8%) of the population did not meet the recommended potassium intake/d, and 65.6% consumed more than 6 g of salt/d. Potassium excretion showed a linear relationship with salt intake (P-trend ≤ .001). The median sodium-to-potassium ratio was 3.5. These findings support the South African government's sodium reduction legislation, as well as global initiatives. More consideration should be given to promoting the intake of potassium-rich foods, as this may have a greater public health impact than focusing only on dietary sodium reduction.
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 2016
Abstract: Fe₃O₄ films were prepared by electrodeposition under varying preparation conditions (current density, temperature, and time). The electrodeposited Fe₃O₄ were characterized in terms of morphology and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrodeposited films were also tested as anode in coin cell systems. Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) electrolyte was found to improve the battery performance due to formation of a better solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Conducting polymer of polypyrrole (PPY) was coated on the surface of Fe₃O₄ films for the first time with the aim to improve the electric conductivity and to buffer volume expansion of Fe₃O₄ films.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JCH.13329
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-04-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9040404
No related grants have been discovered for Bianca van der Westhuizen.