Publication
Draft Genome Assemblies and Annotations of Agrypnia vestita Walker, and Hesperophylax magnus Banks Reveal Substantial Repetitive Element Expansion in Tube Case-making Caddisflies (Insect
Publisher:
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date:
17-11-2020
DOI:
10.1101/2020.11.16.381806
Abstract: Trichoptera (caddisflies) play an essential role in freshwater ecosystems for instance, larvae process organic material from the water and are food for a variety of predators. Knowledge on the genomic ersity of caddisflies can facilitate comparative and phylogenetic studies thereby allowing scientists to better understand the evolutionary history of caddisflies. While Trichoptera are the most erse aquatic insect order, they remain poorly represented in terms of genomic resources. To date, all long-read based genomes have been sequenced from in iduals in the retreat-making suborder, Annulipalpia, leaving ∼275 Ma of evolution without high-quality genomic resources. Here, we report the first long-read based de novo genome assemblies of two tube case-making Trichoptera from the suborder Integripalpia, Agrypnia vestita Walker and Hesperophylax magnus Banks. We find that these tube case-making caddisflies have genome sizes that are at least three-fold larger than those of currently sequenced annulipalpian genomes and that this pattern is at least partly driven by major expansion of repetitive elements. In H. magnus , long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) alone exceed the entire genome size of some annulipalpian counterparts suggesting that caddisflies have high potential as a model for understanding genome size evolution in erse insect lineages. There is a lack of genomic resources for aquatic insects. So far, only three high-quality genomes have been assembled, all from in iduals in the retreat-making suborder Annulipalpia. In this article, we report the first high-quality genomes of two case-making species from the suborder Integripalpia, which are essential for studying genomic ersity across this ecologically erse insect order. Our research reveals larger genome sizes in the tube case-makers (suborder Integripalpia, infraorder Phryganides), accompanied by a disproportionate increase of repetitive DNA. This suggests that genome size is at least partly driven by a major expansion of repetitive elements. Our work shows that caddisflies have high potential as a model for understanding how genomic ersity might be linked to functional ersification and forms the basis for detailed studies on genome size evolution in caddisflies. This project has been deposited at NCBI under the Bioproject ID: PRJNA668166