ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7122-3795
Current Organisations
SDU
,
Curtin University
,
University of Southern Denmark
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Curriculum and Pedagogy | Physical Education and Development Curriculum and Pedagogy | Family and Household Studies | Psychology | Learning Sciences | Health Promotion | Mathematics and Numeracy Curriculum and Pedagogy | Secondary Education | Finance | Social and Community Psychology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Education and Training Systems not elsewhere classified | Pedagogy | Teacher and Instructor Development | Savings and Investments | Health Education and Promotion | Work and Family Responsibilities |
Related Links
Publications
A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 27-05-2022
Abstract: Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment ( n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.
To rest or to compete? A 4-week cohort study of analgesic use and willingness to compete hurt in Danish youth elite athletes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
The bright, dark, and dim light colors of motivation: Advances in conceptualization and measurement from a self-determination theory perspective
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience—The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement‐burst study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.13846
Abstract: Stress is an important consideration for understanding why in iduals take part in limited or no physical activity. The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect in iduals from the harmful effects of stress are required. Accordingly, we conducted a measurement‐burst study with 53 university students over a 6‐month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources. Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8‐week gap. Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported. Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity. Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker. The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross‐sectional designs and self‐report methods. Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.
Virtual Reality Against Doping: The Case of Project VIRAL
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Prediction Versus Explanation in Educational Psychology: a Cross-Theoretical Approach to Using Teacher Behaviour to Predict Student Engagement in Physical Education
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10648-023-09786-6
Abstract: Educational psychology usually focuses on explaining phenomena. As a result, researchers seldom explore how well their models predict the outcomes they care about using best-practice approaches to predictive statistics. In this paper, we focus less on explanation and more on prediction, showing how both are important for advancing the field. We apply predictive models to the role of teachers on student engagement, i.e. the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviours, that translate motivation into progress. We integrate the suggestions from four prominent motivational theories (self-determination theory, achievement goal theory, growth mindset theory, and transformational leadership theory), and aim to identify those most critical behaviours for predicting changes in students’ engagement in physical education. Students ( N = 1324 all from year 7, 52% girls) from 17 low socio-economic status schools rated their teacher’s demonstration of 71 behaviours in the middle of the school year. We also assessed students’ engagement at the beginning and end of the year. We trained elastic-net regression models on 70% of the data and then assessed their predictive validity on the held-out data (30%). The models showed that teacher behaviours predicted 4.39% of the variance in students’ change in engagement. Some behaviours that were most consistently associated with a positive change in engagement were being good role models (β = 0.046), taking interest in students’ lives outside of class (β = 0.033), and allowing students to make choices (β = 0.029). The influential behaviours did not neatly fit within any single motivational theory. These findings support arguments for integrating different theoretical approaches, and suggest practitioners may want to consider multiple theories when designing interventions. More generally, we argue that researchers in educational psychology should more frequently test how well their models not just explain, but predict the outcomes they care about.
The effects of the iPlayClean education programme on doping attitudes and susceptibility to use banned substances among high-level adolescent athletes from the UK: A cluster-randomised controlled tria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Does self‐compassion help to deal with dietary lapses among overweight and obese adults who pursue weight‐loss goals?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12499
Abstract: Self‐compassion can facilitate self‐improvement motivation. We examined the effects of self‐compassion in response to dietary lapses on outcomes relevant to weight‐loss strivings using a longitudinal design. The indirect effects of self‐compassion via guilt and shame were also explored. An Ecological Momentary Assessment methodology was employed with a s le of adults who were overweight or obese attempting to lose weight via dietary restriction ( N = 56 M age = 34.88 SD = 13.93 M BMI = 32.50 SD = 6.88) and who responded to brief surveys sent to their mobile phones twice daily for two weeks. Dietary temptations and lapses were assessed at each diary entry, and self‐compassion in response to dietary lapses, intention to continue dieting, weight‐loss‐related self‐efficacy, negative reactions to the lapse, and self‐conscious emotions were surveyed on occasions when participants reported having experienced a dietary lapse. The participants were also weighed in a laboratory prior to the EMA phase and via self‐report straight after the EMA phase. Weight was measured again in the laboratory 12 weeks after the EMA period. Bayesian multilevel path analyses showed that self‐compassion did not predict weight loss. However, at the within‐person level, self‐compassion was positively related to intentions and self‐efficacy to continue dieting, and negatively related to negative affective reactions to the lapses. Guilt mediated the associations of self‐compassion with intention, self‐efficacy, and negative reactions. Self‐compassion may be a powerful internal resource to cultivate when dieters experience inevitable setbacks during weight‐loss strivings which could facilitate weight‐loss perseverance.
Mental toughness: Critical reflections and future considerations
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 05-02-2016
Development of the Attitudes to Moral Decision-making in Youth Sport Questionnaire (AMDYSQ)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Subjective and objective levels of physical activity and their association with cardiorespiratory fitness in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2015
Achievement goals, self-handicapping, and performance: A 2 × 2 achievement goal perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1080/02640410903150459
Abstract: Elliot and colleagues (2006) examined the effects of experimentally induced achievement goals, proposed by the trichotomous model, on self-handicapping and performance in physical education. Our study replicated and extended the work of Elliot et al. by experimentally promoting all four goals proposed by the 2 x 2 model (Elliot & McGregor, 2001), measuring the participants' own situational achievement goals, using a relatively novel task, and testing the participants in a group setting. We used a randomized experimental design with four conditions that aimed to induce one of the four goals advanced by the 2 x 2 model. The participants (n = 138) were undergraduates who engaged in a dart-throwing task. The results pertaining to self-handicapping partly replicated Elliot and colleagues' findings by showing that experimentally promoted performance-avoidance goals resulted in less practice. In contrast, the promotion of mastery-avoidance goals did not result in less practice compared with either of the approach goals. Dart-throwing performance did not differ among the four goal conditions. Personal achievement goals did not moderate the effects of experimentally induced goals on self-handicapping and performance. The extent to which mastery-avoidance goals are maladaptive is discussed, as well as the interplay between personal and experimentally induced goals.
Relationships between exercise and three components of mental well-being in corporate employees
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
Testing a model of antecedents and consequences of defensive pessimism and self-handicapping in school physical education
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.511650
Abstract: There has been very limited research on the use of self-worth protection strategies in the achievement context of school physical education (PE). Thus the aim of the present study was to examine some antecedents and consequences of defensive pessimism and self-handicapping. The s le comprised 534 British pupils (275 females, 259 males) recruited from two schools who responded to established questionnaires. Results of structural equation modelling analysis indicated that self-handicapping and defensive pessimism were positively predicted by fear of failure and negatively predicted by competence valuation. In addition, defensive pessimism was negatively predicted by physical self-concept. In turn, defensive pessimism negatively predicted enjoyment in PE and intentions to participate in future optional PE programmes. Self-handicapping did not predict enjoyment or intentions. Results from multi-s le structural equation modelling showed the specified model to be largely invariant across males and females. The findings indicate that although both strategies aim to protect one's self-worth, some of their antecedents and consequences in PE may differ.
Predicting Psychological Needs and Well‐Being of Individuals Engaging in Weight Management: The Role of Important Others
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-05-2013
DOI: 10.1111/APHW.12011
Abstract: Using the self-determination theory (SDT) framework, we examined how significant others might support or thwart psychological needs of people with weight management goals, and in turn might affect their psychological well-being and weight control behaviors. Longitudinal design with three sets of questionnaires administered over a 6-month period. One hundred and fifty-six eligible participants (age = 31.01 ± 13.21 years) were asked to complete questionnaires of SDT-based constructs, weight management behaviors, and psychological well-being. Hypotheses were tested using Bayesian path analysis. Perceived autonomy support from significant others was related to psychological need satisfaction, while controlling behaviors by others were associated with need thwarting. In turn, need satisfaction was associated with some beneficial outcomes such as life satisfaction, and need thwarting was related to some maladaptive outcomes such as higher levels of depressive symptoms and increases in unhealthy diet behaviors. Our findings indicate that the quality of interactions between in iduals engaged in weight management and their significant others matters in terms of predicting the psychological needs and well-being of the former.
An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Lapse Occurrences in Dieters
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-02-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S12160-014-9594-Y
Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the factors related to dietary lapse occurrence in a community s le of dieters. An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology, via mobile phone-based diaries, was employed to record dietary lapse occurrences in a group of dieters (N = 80 M age = 41.21 ± 15.60 years M BMI = 30.78 ± 7.26) over 7 days. Analyses indicated that lapses were positively associated with the strength of dietary temptation, presence of others, coping responses, and the environment (exposure to food cues) in which the dieters were in lapses were more likely to occur in the evening and were negatively associated with the use of coping mechanisms. Additionally, lapse occurrence was found to mediate the relationships among the above predictors of lapse and the self-efficacy to resist future dietary temptations. Results provide an insight into the occurrence of lapses in dieters and have implications for interventions focusing on weight loss maintenance and relapse prevention.
'Mum's the word': Predictors and outcomes of weight concerns in pre-adolescent and early adolescent girls
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2015.12.004
Abstract: Predictors and outcomes of weight concerns in pre-adolescent and adolescent girls are well known, but few models have incorporated concerns reported directly by mothers as a predictor, and both eating and exercise outcomes. Using questionnaires, a comprehensive model of 232 pre-adolescent and early adolescent girls' weight concerns, eating restraint, and exercise behavior was tested. Structural equation modeling showed that daughters' weight concerns were predicted primarily by their perceptions of their mothers' concerns about the daughters' weight, as well as by daughters' BMI, appearance conversations with friends, and perceived media pressure. Mothers' concerns with their daughters' weight were indirectly associated with daughters' own concerns, via the daughters' perceptions of their mothers' concerns. Daughters' concerns with their weight were a strong predictor of eating restraint, but not exercise behavior.
Goal Motives, Goal-Regulatory Processes, Psychological Needs, and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 30-03-2023
Abstract: The self-concordance model (SCM) examines the entire sequence from goal inception to attainment and presents a framework for how goal-regulatory strategies and outcomes vary based on the quality of motivation for goal striving. The first aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize a rich literature on the topic spanning over 20 years and to present a cohesive picture of the associations among the SCM constructs (Model 1). The second goal was to test alternative formulations of the model in which we (a) decomposed the self-concordance index into autonomous and controlled goal motives (b) included situational antecedents and psychological need frustration (Model 2) and (c) modeled psychological need satisfaction as a predictor of goal motives (Model 3). Guided by the PRISMA criteria, we searched six electronic databases and employed multilevel meta-analytic structural equation modeling to analyze data from 75 studies, yielding a total of 1,032 effect sizes (N = 10,501 for Model 1 N = 38,608 for Models 2 and 3). For Model 1, we obtained associations of at least medium effect size (rs & .20) among the model constructs. In Models 2 and 3, we found theoretically expected relations of at least medium effect size among all model constructs. The core assertion of the SCM, that pursuing self-concordant goals is associated with increased goal effort and attainment, psychological need satisfaction, and well-being, was supported. Furthermore, the alternative models added value by showing that the original SCM model can be broadened to integrate additional factors.
Exploratory bifactor analysis in sport, exercise, and performance psychology: A substantive-methodological synergy.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000015
Motivational influences of social agents in the physical domain: First virtual issue of Psychology of Sport and Exercise
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
A classification of motivation and behavior change techniques used in self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1037/MOT0000172
Evaluation of a standard provision versus an autonomy promotive exercise referral programme: rationale and study design
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2009
Abstract: The National Institute of Clinical Excellence in the UK has recommended that the effectiveness of ongoing exercise referral schemes to promote physical activity should be examined in research trials. Recent empirical evidence in health care and physical activity promotion contexts provides a foundation for testing the utility of a Self Determination Theory (SDT)-based exercise referral consultation. Design: An exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial comparing standard provision exercise on prescription with a Self Determination Theory-based (SDT) exercise on prescription intervention. Participants: 347 people referred to the Birmingham Exercise on Prescription scheme between November 2007 and July 2008. The 13 exercise on prescription sites in Birmingham were randomised to current practice (n = 7) or to the SDT-based intervention (n = 6). Outcomes measured at 3 and 6-months: Minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity per week assessed using the 7-day Physical Activity Recall physical health: blood pressure and weight health status measured using the Dartmouth CO-OP charts anxiety and depression measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and vitality measured by the subjective vitality score motivation and processes of change: perceptions of autonomy support from the advisor, satisfaction of the needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness via physical activity, and motivational regulations for exercise. This trial will determine whether an exercise referral programme based on Self Determination Theory increases physical activity and other health outcomes compared to a standard programme and will test the underlying SDT-based process model (perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, motivation regulations, outcomes) via structural equation modelling. The trial is registered as Current Controlled trials ISRCTN07682833.
Predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sport programs: A social‐ecological mixed‐methods approach
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2023
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.14368
Abstract: There is a growing need to identify acceptable and feasible opportunities to engage adults over 35 years in physical activity. Walking sports may be a potential means to engage adults in sport however, there is limited evidence regarding appeal and feasibility to support its implementation and delivery. Using a two‐step mixed‐methods approach, we aimed (1) to quantitively identify significant predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sports and (2) to understand why and how these identified predictors may be contextually relevant to the target group. In phase one, 282 adults over 35 years ( M age = 46.08, SD = 9.75) without prior experience of walking sports completed an online questionnaire assessing personal, psychosocial, program‐related, and environmental predictors, and intentions to participate in walking sports. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions showed that perceived health status, attitudes, subjective norms, and distance of venue were significant predictors of intentions. In phase two, interviews with a subset of 17 participants indicated that, when implementing walking sport programs, program labeling, fear of the unknown, and in idual differences in the appeal of walking sport warrant consideration. Together, these findings offer insight into the complex interplay of personal, psychosocial, program‐related, and environmental predictors of adults' intentions to participate in walking sports. Addressing these elements of a walking sport program would make such programs more appealing to potential participants, and ultimately, more feasible and sustainable to conduct in the long run.
Perceived coach-created and peer-created motivational climates and their associations with team cohesion and athlete satisfaction: evidence from a longitudinal study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-06-2014
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.918641
Abstract: In this longitudinal study, we examined the extent to which perceived coach- and peer-created motivational climates are associated with athlete-group cohesion and satisfaction with participation among Spanish soccer players competing in the Third National Division. Multilevel modelling analyses showed that perceived coach-created task climate was positively related to perceived cohesion and players' satisfaction with their participation within their team. Also, perceived peer-created task climate related positively to perceived cohesion. The results indicate the importance of considering peer-related aspects of the motivational climate in addition to considering the coach-related aspects of the motivational climate when examining motivational group dynamics in sport.
Persuasion and Communication in Sport, Exercise, and Physical Activity
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 09-08-2017
The impact of agentic and communal exercise messages on individuals' exercise class attitudes, self-efficacy beliefs, and intention to attend
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: We tested the effects of advertisements about a fictitious exercise class-derived using the theoretical constructs of agency and communion-on recipients' perceptions about, and interest in, the class. The final s le consisted of 150 adults (M
Comparison of the effects of exercise and anti-TNF treatment on cardiovascular health in rheumatoid arthritis: results from two controlled trials.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00296-018-4183-1
Abstract: People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both pharmacological treatment and exercise are suggested in the management of CVD risk in RA. This study explored the effects of exercise and anti-TNF treatment on CVD risk in RA. Twenty RA patients (70% female, 50 (10) years) completed a 3-month exercise intervention and 23 RA patients (65% female, 54 (15) years) started anti-TNF treatment. Markers of disease activity, CVD risk, and vascular function were assessed before and after 3-months of intervention/treatment. Both exercise and anti-TNF treatment improved functional ability and fatigue, anti-TNF treatment was more successful in improving inflammation, disease activity, functional ability and pain. Exercise induced a reduction in overall CVD risk and improvement in vascular function, which was significantly different from anti-TNF treatment where no such changes were found. These findings showed that exercise and anti-TNF had differential effects on CVD risk in RA, and should be combined for optimal CVD risk reduction. Whereas anti-TNF treatment is likely to impact on CVD risk through reducing the systemic inflammatory load, exercise should be recommended to people with RA as an effective self-management strategy to reduce CVD risk further. Once RA patients have responded successfully to anti-TNF treatment, increasing exercise should be encouraged to reduce the risk for CVD. Thus, supporting exercise programmes when the disease is controlled, is likely to enhance the uptake and the maintenance of exercise, which will result in additional benefits to cardiovascular health and wellbeing in people with RA.
Motives and Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions Predict Progress and Management of Goals in Parents
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 17-11-2022
Abstract: Parents must rapidly adapt goals from various aspects of their lives to accommodate the demands of the early stages of parenthood. The management and attainment of goals is more likely, if in iduals hold autonomous motives (goals align with internally held self-concepts) than controlled motives (goals driven by demands ressures). Metacognitive strategies, such as Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII), can also facilitate goal striving. Using experience s ling over one month, we investigated how motives and spontaneously occurring cognitive features of MCII (i.e., mental imagery, reflection on obstacles, implementation intention planning) predict coping, goal adjustment, goal progress, facilitation, and interference between parenting goals and competing life goals in early-stage parents (N = 103). Autonomous motives and MCII-like features were positively associated with effort coping, which in turn was related to goal progress and facilitation between- and within-in iduals. Goal adjustment was positively associated with facilitation at the between-person level when accompanied by effort coping. Furthermore, MCII-like features were positively related to increased goal adjustment in in iduals who had high controlled motivation for their competing life goal. The study indicates that effort and adjustment are effective coping mechanisms for attaining and managing multiple goals. Goal motives and MCII-like features are associated with the use of these mechanisms. The findings suggest that parents will benefit from selecting autonomously motivated goals and using MCII-like features to manage parenting and other competing life goals.
The effect of an intervention to improve newly qualified teachers’ interpersonal style, students motivation and psychological need satisfaction in sport-based physical education
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Goal motives and multiple-goal striving in sport and academia: A person-centered investigation of goal motives and inter-goal relations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2016.03.001
Abstract: This investigation extended the goal striving literature by examining motives for two goals being pursued simultaneously. Grounded in self-determination theory, we examined how student-athletes' motives for their sporting and academic goals were associated with inter-goal facilitation and interference. Cross-sectional survey. UK university student-athletes (n=204) identified their most important sporting and academic goals. They then rated their extrinsic, introjected, identified and intrinsic motives for these goals and completed questionnaires assessing inter-goal facilitation and interference. Using a person-centered approach via latent profile analysis, we identified three distinct profiles of goal motives. Auxiliary analyses showed that the profile with high identified motives for both goals reported greater inter-goal facilitation. Extending the previous literature, the findings demonstrate the benefits of autonomous motives when simultaneously pursing goals in sport and academia.
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity participation in adults living with type 1 diabetes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 30-12-2019
Setting performance and learning goals is useful for active and inactive individuals, if goals are personalized and flexible: commentary on Swann et al. (2020)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2020
The mediating role of training behaviors on self-reported mental toughness and mentally tough behavior in swimming.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000146
The emergence of resilience: Recovery trajectories in sleep functioning after a major stressor.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000268
Supervisors' interpersonal styles: An integrative perspective and a measure based on self‐determination theory
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/APPS.12423
Abstract: This research addresses recent calls for an alternative integrative framework to apprehend leaders' behaviors and examines the validity ofaquestionnaire anchored in this theoretical approach. Building upon Self‐Determination Theory, we examined a tripartite approach of supervisors' behaviors (supportive, thwarting, and indifferent toward subordinates' psychological needs). The psychometric properties of this Tripartite Measure of Interpersonal Behaviors‐Supervisor (TMIB‐S) were tested through three studies. Results from bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling supported a solution including one global factor and three specific factors reflecting need supportive, thwarting, and indifferent behaviors. This solution was fully invariant across distinct s les of French‐ and English‐speaking employees. Results also supported the criterion‐related and discriminant validity of the TMIB‐S. More specifically, results supported the added‐value of the TMIB‐S, when compared to well‐established measures of leadership (passive leadership, abusive supervision, LMX, and tranformational leadership) in predicting well‐ and ill‐being. Results also highlighted well‐differentiated effects of the different components of supervisory behaviors and showed that supervisors' need indifferent behaviors constitute a key piece in the prediction of employees' health‐related consequences.
Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and their association with cardiovascular profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-07-2015
DOI: 10.1093/RHEUMATOLOGY/KEV035
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different physical fitness levels [assessed by the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test] with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with RA. A total of 150 RA patients were assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness with a VO2max test and, based on this, were split in three groups using the 33rd (18.1 ml/kg/min) and 66th (22.4 ml/kg/min) centiles. Classical and novel CVD risk factors [blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), physical activity, CRP, fibrinogen and white cell count], 10-year CVD risk, disease activity (DAS28) and severity (HAQ) were assessed in all cases. Mean VO2max for all RA patients was 20.9 (s.d. 5.7) ml/kg/min. The 10-year CVD risk (P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.039), HDL (P = 0.017), insulin resistance and body fat (both at P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.005), white blood cell count (P = 0.015) and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the VO2max tertiles favouring the group with the higher VO2max levels. In multivariate analyses of variance, VO2max was significantly associated with body fat (P < 0.001), HDL (P = 0.007), insulin resistance (P < 0.003) and 10-year CVD risk (P < 0.001), even after adjustment for DAS28, HAQ and physical activity. VO2max levels are alarmingly low in RA patients. Higher levels of VO2max are associated with a better cardiovascular profile in this population. Future studies need to focus on developing effective behavioural interventions to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in RA.
Testing a self-determination theory-based teaching style intervention in the exercise domain
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.463
A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using constructs from self-determination and achievement goal theories to predict physical activity intentions
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2003
Diurnal patterns of sedentary time in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with cardiovascular disease risk
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.1136/RMDOPEN-2020-001216
Abstract: Research demonstrates that sedentary behaviour may contribute towards cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study explored diurnal patterns of sedentary time and physical activity (PA) in RA and examined associations with long-term CVD risk. 97 RA patients wore an accelerometer for 7 days to assess sedentary time, light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA. Estimated 10-year CVD risk was determined via QRISK score. Hourly estimates of sedentary time and PA (min/hour) were computed for valid-wear hours (ie, valid-wear = 60 min/hour of activity data, ≥3 days). Hourly data were averaged across time periods to represent morning (08:00–11:59), afternoon (12:00–17:59) and evening (18:00–22:59) behaviour. Participants providing data for ≥2 complete time periods/day (eg, morning/evening, or morning/afternoon) were used in the main analysis (n = 41). Mixed linear modelling explored the associations between 10-year CVD risk and within-person (time: morning, afternoon, evening) changes in sedentary time and PA. Sedentary time was higher, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA lower in the evening, compared to morning and afternoon. Significant interactions revealed in iduals with higher CVD risk were more sedentary and did less light-intensity PA during the afternoon and evening. Findings remained significant after adjustment for disease duration, functional ability and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Results suggest that the evening time period may offer a significant window of opportunity for interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in RA and contribute to associated improvements in CVD risk. Due to inverse patterns of engagement, replacing sedentary time with light-intensity PA may offer an effective approach for intervention.
Motivational predictors of children's involvement in out‐of‐school activities: An application of a football program
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-09-2022
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.14236
Abstract: The “11 for Health in Denmark” in‐school educational football program has shown to have numerous positive physiological and psychological effects in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren. A key part of the successful application of the program, however, has not yet been examined, namely the motivational processes underlying participation and behavioral changes. This study examined such motivational processes (i.e., autonomous motivation, beliefs, and intentions) using the trans‐contextual model (TCM) and investigated if the 11 for Health in Denmark program increased intentions to participate in physical activity (PA) outside of school in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren. Using a web‐based questionnaire, Danish‐speaking schoolchildren ( N = 276 [boys, 50.4%] M age = 10.44, SD = 0.35) from three schools and seven classes completed TCM‐based questionnaires at three time‐points (weeks 0, 1, and 5) while participating in the 11 for Health in Denmark program. Single‐indicator structural equation modeling was performed to examine goodness‐of‐fit and parameter estimates. A path analysis using maximum likelihood estimation was used to test the direct and indirect effects of the TCM model. The results partly supported a mediation sequence, as we found significant direct effects in eight of 13 motivational variables ( β = −0.25–0.83, p 0.05), indirect effects in one of nine variables ( β = 0.15, p 0.01), but no effects with regard to PA behavior. Findings provide evidence for a motivational link between Danish‐speaking schoolchildren's autonomous and controlled motivation from in school to out of school, and may inform future interventions promoting motivation and participation in out of school PA.
Experiences of postpartum mothers and a significant other in a dyadic physical activity programme
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
The relation between student motivation and student grades in physical education: A 3‐year investigation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-01-2014
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.12174
Abstract: Enhancing students' academic engagement is the key element of the educational process hence, research in this area has focused on understanding the mechanisms that can lead to increased academic engagement. The present study investigated the relation between motivation and grades in physical education (PE) employing a 3-year longitudinal design. Three hundred fifty-four Greek high school students participated in the study. Students completed measures of motivation to participate in PE on six occasions namely, at the start and the end of the school year in the first, second, and third year of junior high school. Students' PE grades were also recorded at these time points. The results of the multilevel growth models indicated that students' PE grades increased over the 3 years and students had better PE grades at the end of each year than at the beginning of the subsequent year. In general, students and classes with higher levels of controlling motivation achieved lower PE grades, whereas higher levels of autonomous motivation were associated with higher PE grades. These findings provide new insight on the associations between class- and in idual-level motivation with objectively assessed achievement in PE.
Perceived coach-autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the well- and ill-being of elite youth soccer players: A longitudinal investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Team resilience emergence: Perspectives and experiences of military personnel selected for elite military training
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1002/EJSP.2795
Abstract: We conducted a longitudinal (3‐month) qualitative study to examine elite military personnel's (N = 32) experiences and perspectives of team resilience emergence following two team‐oriented training courses within an 18‐month high‐stakes training programme where personnel are required to operate in newly formed tactical teams for extended periods. Our thematically informed interpretations of the participants’ subjective experiences of reality were constructed according to five key themes: (i) adversity is an enduring, shared experience of an event (ii) in iduals recognise adversity through physiological and/or behavioural states (iii) social resources bind together in idual self‐regulatory capacities when confronted with adversity to support team functioning (iv) shared experiences of adversity and collective structures strengthen social bonds and mental models needed for resilience emergence and (v) behavioural processes and shared states are how collectives turn in idual and team capacities into performance under adversity. These findings provide novel insights that supplement our current understanding of team resilience emergence, including the varying means by which adversity may be collectively experienced, synergies between specific forms of adversity and resilience processes or protective factors, and the unique influence of performance context (e.g., task type).
Team resilience: A scoping review of conceptual and empirical work
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2018
Equal prioritisation does not yield lower levels of participation in physical activities than higher prioritisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Perceived Barriers, Facilitators and Benefits for Regular Physical Activity and Exercise in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of the Literature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2015
A qualitative investigation of coaches’ doping confrontation efficacy beliefs
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Dimensions of Coaching Behavior, Need Satisfaction, and the Psychological and Physical Welfare of Young Athletes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2004
Effects of a standard provision versus an autonomy supportive exercise referral programme on physical activity, quality of life and well-being indicators: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2014
Abstract: The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the UK has recommended that the effectiveness of ongoing exercise referral schemes to promote physical activity should be examined in research trials. Recent empirical evidence in health care and physical activity promotion contexts provides a foundation for testing the feasibility and impact of a Self Determination Theory-based (SDT) exercise referral consultation. An exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial comparing standard provision exercise referral with an exercise referral intervention grounded in Self Determination Theory. In iduals (N = 347) referred to an exercise referral scheme were recruited into the trial from 13 centres. Outcomes and processes of change measured at baseline, 3 and 6-months: Minutes of self-reported moderate or vigorous physical activity (PA) per week (primary outcome), health status, positive and negative indicators of emotional well-being, anxiety, depression, quality of life (QOL), vitality, and perceptions of autonomy support from the advisor, need satisfaction (3 and 6 months only), intentions to be active, and motivational regulations for exercise. Blood pressure and weight were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Perceptions of the autonomy support provided by the health and fitness advisor (HFA) did not differ by arm. Between group changes over the 6-months revealed significant differences for reported anxiety only. Within arm contrasts revealed significant improvements in anxiety and most of the Dartmouth CO-OP domains in the SDT arm at 6 months, which were not seen in the standard exercise referral group. A process model depicting hypothesized relationships between advisor autonomy support, need satisfaction and more autonomous motivation, enhanced well being and PA engagement at follow up was supported. Significant gains in physical activity and improvements in quality of life and well-being outcomes emerged in both the standard provision exercise referral and the SDT-based intervention at programme end. At 6-months, observed between arm and within intervention arm differences for indicators of emotional health, and the results of the process model, were in line with SDT. The challenges in optimising recruitment and implementation of SDT-based training in the context of health and leisure services are discussed. The trial is registered as Current Controlled trials ISRCTN07682833 .
Perceptions of group-based walks and strategies to inform the development of an intervention in retirement villages: Perspectives of residents and village managers
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2017
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to explore perceptions of group-based walking and gather suggestions to inform the development of a group-based walking intervention among older adults in retirement villages. Twenty-four physically inactive residents (16 female, 8 male age range: 69–88) and four managers from four retirement villages were interviewed. Inductive thematic analysis revealed six broad themes: lack of motivation, values versus constraints, fears and confidence, need for structure, creating a sense of belonging, and the physical environment as a double-edged sword. Proposed intervention strategies included using trained walk leaders, using small groups, planning for flexibility, setting attainable goals, creating a routine, creating opportunities for sharing experiences, and planning a variety of walks. Group-based walking programs may be used to promote physical activity but careful planning of such programs is needed to make them appealing and feasible to a erse group of residents.
What if it really was an accident? The psychology of unintentional doping
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 21-09-2016
Testing the mediating role of physical acceptance in the relationship between physical activity and self-esteem: An empirical study with Danish public servants
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2002
Stress, Physical Activity, and Resilience Resources: Tests of Direct and Moderation Effects in Young Adults
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000152
Pain and fatigue are longitudinally and bi-directionally associated with more sedentary time and less standing time in rheumatoid arthritis
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-01-2021
DOI: 10.1093/RHEUMATOLOGY/KEAB029
Abstract: The aims of this study were to examine the longitudinal and bi-directional associations of pain and fatigue with sedentary, standing and stepping time in RA. People living with RA undertook identical assessments at baseline (T1, n = 104) and 6-month follow-up (T2, n = 54). Participants completed physical measures (e.g. height, weight, BMI) and routine clinical assessments to characterize RA disease activity (DAS-28). Participants also completed questionnaires to assess physical function (HAQ), pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire) and fatigue (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale). Participants’ free-living sedentary, standing and stepping time (min/day) were assessed over 7 days using the activPAL3µ™. For the statistical analysis, hierarchical regression analysis was employed to inform the construction of path models, which were subsequently used to examine bi-directional associations of pain and fatigue with sedentary, standing and stepping time. Specifically, where significant associations were observed in longitudinal regression analysis, the bi-directionality of these associations was further investigated via path analysis. For regression analysis, bootstrapping was applied to regression models to account for non-normally distributed data, with significance confirmed using 95% CIs. Where variables were normally distributed, parametric, non-bootstrapped statistics were also examined (significance confirmed via β coefficients, with P & 0.05) to ensure all plausible bi-directional associations were examined in path analysis. Longitudinal bootstrapped regression analysis indicated that from T1 to T2, change in pain, but not fatigue, was positively associated with change in sedentary time. In addition, change in pain and fatigue were negatively related to change in standing time. Longitudinal non-bootstrapped regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive association between change in fatigue with change in sedentary time. Path analysis supported the hypothesized bi-directionality of associations between change in pain and fatigue with change in sedentary time (pain, β = 0.38 fatigue, β = 0.44) and standing time (pain, β = –0.39 fatigue, β = –0.50). Findings suggest pain and fatigue are longitudinally and bi-directionally associated with sedentary and standing time in RA.
Measurement invariance of the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire when completed by young athletes across five European countries
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-10-2013
Controlling coaching and athlete thriving in elite adolescent netballers: The buffering effect of athletes’ mental toughness
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2017.02.007
Abstract: The purposes of this study were to examine the association between controlling coach behaviours and athlete experiences of thriving and test the buffering effect of mental toughness on this relation. A cross-sectional survey. In total, 232 female netballers aged 11 to 17 years (14.97+1.52) with between 1 and 15 years of experience in their sport (7.50+2.28) completed measures of controlling coach interpersonal style, mental toughness and thriving. Latent moderated structural models indicated that (i) controlling coach behaviours were inversely related with experiences of vitality and learning (ii) mental toughness was positively associated with psychological experiences of both dimensions of thriving and (iii) mental toughness moderated the effect of coach's controlling interpersonal style on learning but not vitality experiences, such that the effect was weaker for in iduals who reported higher levels of mental toughness. This study extends past work and theory to show that mental toughness may enable athletes to counteract the potentially deleterious effect of controlling coach interpersonal styles.
Intentions to drop-out of youth soccer: A test of the basic needs theory among European youth from five countries
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-10-2013
I am the chosen one: Narcissism in the backdrop of self‐determination theory
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JOPY.12402
Abstract: This theoretical article discusses the relevance of self-determination theory (SDT) for narcissism, a classic topic in self-theory. The trait of narcissism reflects a self-aggrandizing, dominant, and manipulative interpersonal orientation that feeds on exaggerated perceptions of agency, but not communion. The article embeds narcissism in the five mini-theories of SDT (organismic integration, causality orientations, basic needs, cognitive evaluation, and goal contents) and considers research directions that can explore synergies between key constructs from SDT and narcissism. SDT can serve as a foundation for a deeper understanding of narcissism. From the other end, narcissism can enrich SDT by explaining variations in motivational processes.
A Classification System for Teachers’ Motivational Behaviours Recommended in Self-Determination Theory Interventions
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-02-2022
Abstract: Teachers’ behaviour is a key factor that influences students’ motivation. Many theoretical models have tried to explain this influence, with one of the most thoroughly researched being self-determination theory (SDT). We used a Delphi method to create a classification of teacher behaviours consistent with SDT. This is useful because SDT-based interventions have been widely used to improve educational outcomes. However, these interventions contain many components. Reliably classifying and labelling those components is essential for implementation, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis. We used an international expert panel (N = 34) to develop this classification system. We started by identifying behaviours from existing literature, then refined labels, descriptions, and ex les using the experts’ input. Next, these experts iteratively rated the relevance of each behaviour to SDT, the psychological need that each behaviour influenced, and its likely effect on motivation. To create a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of behaviours, experts nominated overlapping behaviours that were redundant, and suggested new ones missing from the classification. After three rounds, the expert panel agreed upon 57 teacher motivational behaviours that were consistent with SDT. For most behaviours (77%), experts reached consensus on both the most relevant psychological need and influence on motivation. Our classification system provides a comprehensive list of teacher motivational behaviours and consistent terminology in how those behaviours are labelled. Researchers and practitioners designing interventions could use these behaviours to design interventions, to reproduce interventions, to assess whether these behaviours moderate intervention effects, and could focus new research on areas where experts disagreed. Educational impact and implications statementThe things teachers do in class have an important influence on their students’ motivation, engagement, and learning. This study uses an international expert panel to identify the teacher behaviours most likely to influence motivation—specifically, teacher behaviours that increase the more healthy, autonomous motivation that comes from within students. This list of behaviours, agreed upon by the experts, could be used by teachers trying to improve their practice, policymakers trying to scale interventions, and researchers trying to assess which behaviours best predict student outcomes.
HELPING YOUR CLIENTS AND PATIENTS TAKE OWNERSHIP OVER THEIR EXERCISE
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2009
Validating a measure of life satisfaction in older adolescents and testing invariance across time and gender
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Understanding the coping process from a self‐determination theory perspective
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2009
Fostering autonomous motivation, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in rheumatoid arthritis: protocol and rationale for a randomised control trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2014
Facilitating Health Behavior Change
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 23-02-2023
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780197600047.013.39
Abstract: Over the past decade, research applying self-determination theory (SDT) in the health domain has been prolific, arguably more so than in any other applied domain. This chapter reviews the evidence, both empirical and meta-analytic, on the application of SDT to promote health outcomes and behaviors. These behaviors range from simple and infrequent (e.g., receiving vaccinations) to complex behaviors repeated or abstained from over long periods of time (e.g., consuming healthy foods, engaging in physical activity, abstaining from smoking and excessive alcohol use). The chapter also reviews a recent classification system of motivation and behavior change techniques (MBCTs), and discusses the use of rewards to incentivize health behaviors and the significance of interventions shifting from in-person, face-to-face delivery to digital delivery formats. Numerous suggestions are offered for future theoretical and applied research, spanning conceptual, empirical, and methodological issues
A test of self‐determination theory in school physical education
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2005
Measuring the positive psychological well-being of people with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional validation of the subjective vitality scale
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-2015
A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using constructs from self-determination and achievement goal theories to predict physical activity intentions.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2003
A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2001
Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that Physical Education (PE) can play a potentially important role in enhancing public health by creating positive attitudes toward exercise and by promoting health-related fitness programmes. However, these initiatives will have limited success if students are not motivated to participate actively in their PE lessons. A sequence of motivational processes, proposed by Vallerand (1997), was tested in this study. The sequence has the form 'social factors-->psychological mediators-->types of motivation-->consequences'. Participants were 424 British students aged 14-16 years from Northwest England. Questionnaires were used to measure cooperative learning, self-referenced improvement, and choice of tasks (social factors), perceived competence, autonomy, and relatedness (psychological mediators), intrinsic motivation, identification, introjection, external regulation, and amotivation (types of motivation), and boredom, effort, and future intention to exercise (consequences). A SEM analysis showed that perceived competence was the major psychological mediator. Intrinsic motivation was related to positive consequences, whereas external regulation and amotivation were predictors of negative consequences. A multis le analysis indicated that the model was largely invariant across gender. The findings underline the importance of perceived competence and intrinsic motivation in compulsory PE.
Longitudinal associations between exercise identity and exercise motivation: A multilevel growth curve model approach
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.12951
Abstract: Past work linking exercise identity and exercise motivation has been cross-sectional. This is the first study to model the relations between different types of exercise identity and exercise motivation longitudinally. Understanding the dynamic associations between these sets of variables has implications for theory development and applied research. This was a longitudinal survey study. Participants were 180 exercisers (79 men, 101 women) from Greece, who were recruited from fitness centers and were asked to complete questionnaires assessing exercise identity (exercise beliefs and role-identity) and exercise motivation (intrinsic, identified, introjected, external motivation, and amotivation) three times within a 6 month period. Multilevel growth curve modeling examined the role of motivational regulations as within- and between-level predictors of exercise identity, and a model in which exercise identity predicted exercise motivation at the within- and between-person levels. Results showed that within-person changes in intrinsic motivation, introjected, and identified regulations were positively and reciprocally related to within-person changes in exercise beliefs intrinsic motivation was also a positive predictor of within-person changes in role-identity but not vice versa. Between-person differences in the means of predictor variables were predictive of initial levels and average rates of change in the outcome variables. The findings show support to the proposition that a strong exercise identity (particularly exercise beliefs) can foster motivation for behaviors that reinforce this identity. We also demonstrate that such relations can be reciprocal overtime and can depend on the type of motivation in question as well as between-person differences in absolute levels of these variables.
Perceptions of coach doping confrontation efficacy and athlete susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.13489
Abstract: We tested a conceptually grounded model linking athlete perceptions of strength and conditioning and technical coach doping confrontation efficacy (DCE) with athletes' doping self-regulatory efficacy (SRE), doping moral disengagement (MD), and susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping. Cross-sectional, correlational. Participants were high-level athletes (n The estimated prevalence of intentional doping in the s le was 13.9%. Structural equation modeling established: (a) perceptions of technical and strength and conditioning coaches' DCE positively predicted doping SRE (b) doping SRE negatively predicted doping MD (c) doping MD positively predicted susceptibility to intentional and inadvertent doping and (d) the predictive effects of coach perceptions on susceptibility to doping were mediated by doping SRE and doping MD. Multis le analyses demonstrated these predictive effects were invariant between males and females and across the three countries represented. The findings show the conceptually grounded model to offer extended understanding of how multiple in iduals within the athlete support personnel network may influence athlete doping.
A review of controlling motivational strategies from a self-determination theory perspective: implications for sports coaches
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Fatigue and fluctuations in physical and psychological wellbeing in people with multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Evolution of Physical Activity Habits After a Context Change: the Case of COVID-19 Lockdown
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 13-11-2020
Abstract: This study examines the evolution of physical activity habits across the Spring COVID-19 lockdown.
Implementing an Autonomy-Supportive Intervention to Develop Mental Toughness in Adolescent Rowers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-10-2016
Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2008
Measuring Psychological Need States in Sport: Theoretical Considerations and a New Measure
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 30-05-2019
Abstract: Research guided by Self-determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985 Ryan & Deci, 2017) has repeatedly demonstrated the importance of focusing on both the bright (satisfaction) and dark (frustration) sides of the three basic psychological needs. Recently, researchers have also argued for the utility of assessing a third need state, that of “unfulfillment”. In this paper, we outline an effort to develop and provide initial validity evidence for scores of a new multidimensional and sport-specific measure, the Psychological Need States in Sport-Scale (PNSS-S), to assess the satisfaction, frustration, and unfulfillment of all three needs. In Study 1, we tested evidence for the factorial structure of the responses to the newly developed items, and provided evidence for the internal consistency and discriminant validity of the subscale scores. Factor models incorporating all three need states showed poor fit with the data. However, following post-hoc modifications, a six-factor, 29-item model assessing the need states of satisfaction and frustration, separately for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, was found to have good fit to the data. The model was refined and the factor structure was re-tested using an independent s le of athletes in Study 2. Evidence for the nomological network of the six subscales of the new measure was demonstrated in Study 2, in terms of relations with athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ interpersonal behaviors, and key motivation-related outcomes. In conclusion, a tripartite conceptualization of the need states was not empirically supported. Nevertheless, , the PNSS-S makes a unique contribution to the sport literature, as it represents the first sport-specific measure of six distinct, yet, correlated states of the satisfaction and frustration of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs.
Motivation-related predictors of physical activity engagement and vitality in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2015
Abstract: This study tests the Basic Psychological Needs Theory (within the Self-determination framework), in relation to the prediction of physical activity and well-being among rheumatoid arthritis patients. Motivation regulations for physical activity were also considered in the process model. A total of 207 patients (150 females, mean age = 58 ± 11 years) completed a questionnaire pack and structural equation modelling was used to test expected relationships. Autonomy support provided by important other(s) regarding physical activity positively predicted rheumatoid arthritis patients’ need satisfaction which positively related to autonomous reasons for physical activity participation. Autonomous motivation positively predicted reported physical activity participation levels and feelings of vitality.
Goal Striving and Well-Being in Sport: The Role of Contextual and Personal Motivation
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2014
Abstract: This investigation sought to clarify mixed results in the literature exploring coach behaviors, basic psychological needs, goal motivation, and well- and ill-being. Regional-level team sport athletes ( N = 241) completed questionnaires on the aforementioned variables at the beginning of the season. A subs le ( n = 70) provided saliva s les to assess physical ill-being. At the end of the season, athletes ( n = 98) reported their goal motivation and attainment. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that coach behaviors were related to needs satisfaction and thwarting, which were related to autonomous and controlled goal motives respectively. Autonomous motives were related to well- and ill-being controlled motives were only related to ill-being. Over time, only end-of-season autonomous goal motives were related to goal attainment. The findings provide an insight into how coaches can facilitate optimum goal striving and well-being in their athletes.
The two sides of goal intentions: Intention self-concordance and intention strength as predictors of physical activity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-10-2016
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1247840
Abstract: The present research introduces an extended conceptualisation of self-concordance, which is considered an attribute not only of goals, but also of goal intentions. Based on a corresponding operationalisation, we investigate the interplay of both intention strength and intention self-concordance in the prediction of physical activity. Data were taken from a longitudinal study of 134 obese people who were asked to fill out a questionnaire three times every six months. Physical activity and intention self-concordance were measured by validated scales. Intentions strength was assessed by an item typically employed in the extant literature. Logistic regression analyses and path analyses showed both intention strength and self-concordance to be significant predictors of changes in physical activity over time. Additional analyses found self-efficacy to be a significant predictor of intention strength and self-concordance for outcome expectations this was not the case. Findings support the idea that intention strength and self-concordance are two critical facets of a goal intention that need to be considered in the prediction of physical activity participation. Whereas intention strength refers to the degree of determination with which a goal intention is adopted, self-concordance rather captures the quality of this intention.
Mental toughness in sport: Motivational antecedents and associations with performance and psychological health
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2014
Abstract: We argue that basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) offers impetus to the value of mental toughness as a mechanism for optimizing human functioning. We hypothesized that psychological needs satisfaction (thwarting) would be associated with higher (lower) levels of mental toughness, positive affect, and performance and lower (higher) levels of negative affect. We also expected that mental toughness would be associated with higher levels of positive affect and performance and lower levels of negative affect. Further, we predicted that coaching environments would be related to mental toughness indirectly through psychological needs and that psychological needs would indirectly relate with performance and affect through mental toughness. Adolescent cross-country runners (136 male and 85 female, M age = 14.36) completed questionnaires pertaining to BPNT variables, mental toughness, and affect. Race times were also collected. Our findings supported our hypotheses. We concluded that BPNT is generative in understanding some of the antecedents and consequences of mental toughness and is a novel framework useful for understanding mental toughness.
The effectiveness of stress regulation interventions with athletes: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-09-2021
The motivational antecedents of the development of mental toughness: a self-determination theory perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
In the beginning: Role of autonomy support on the motivation, mental health and intentions of participants entering an exercise referral scheme
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2010.492454
Abstract: Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000, Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum Publishing) highlights the impact autonomy supportive environments can have on exercise motivation and positive health outcomes. Yet little is known about whether differential effects occur as a function of which significant other is providing this support. Further, no research has examined the relationship between motivation and the social environment with participants' mental health and intentions to be physically active before entering an exercise intervention. Study participants were 347 British adults who were about to start an exercise referral scheme. Regression analyses revealed that the effects of autonomy support on mental health and physical activity intentions differed as a function of who provided the support (offspring, partner or physician), with the offspring having the weakest effects. A structural model was supported, indicating that autonomy support and more autonomous regulations led to more positive mental health outcomes and stronger intentions to be physically active. Knowledge of the social environmental and personal motivation of those about to commence an exercise programme can provide important insights for professionals supporting such efforts.
Correlates of achievement goal orientations in physical education
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
Trial feasibility and process evaluation of a motivationally-embellished group peer led walking intervention in retirement villages using the RE-AIM framework: the residents in action trial (RiAT)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2019
Job pressure and ill-health in physical education teachers: The mediating role of psychological need thwarting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
An Investigation of Coach Behaviors, Goal Motives, and Implementation Intentions as Predictors of Well-Being in Sport
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-01-2010
On passion and moral behavior in achievement settings: The mediating role of pride
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2012
Narcissism and social motives: Successful pursuit of egosystem goals boosts narcissism
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-11-2019
The role of the athletes’ entourage on attitudes to doping
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-07-2019
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1643648
Abstract: The present study investigated athletes' and coaches' beliefs about the role of athletes' entourage in deterring or promoting doping. Competitive athletes and coaches in Greece and Australia took part in semi-structured interviews. Our analysis of the interviews produced five main themes: coach influence, peer influence, doping stance, doping stigma, and entourage's culture. Overall, coaches and peers having a close and trusty relationship with the athletes were considered most influential with respect to doping-related decisions. The majority of the athletes held a strong anti-doping stance but could not articulate why they held this position. This inability could be ascribed to the stigmatization of doping which led to lack of knowledge and anti-doping education. Finally, an anti-doping culture in the athletes' environment was considered central to an anti-doping stance. The study findings provide valuable information towards a comprehensive understanding of the role athletes' entourage can play in shaping athletes' attitudes and decision for doping.
The development of a sport-based life skills program for young people with first episode psychosis: An intervention mapping approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Challenges to Engaging Older Adults in a Group-Based Walking Intervention: Lessons From the Residents in Action Trial
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2022
Abstract: This qualitative research explored older adults’ perceptions of participating in group-based walking programs set in independent-living retirement village contexts. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a subset of participants from the Residents in Action Trial. Data were analyzed through a combination of deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Findings were interpreted from a social identity perspective. Five themes were identified: (a) varying levels of social cohesion in retirement villages (b) degree of shared identity between residents (c) health, mobility, and preferred pace (d) devotion to spouse and (e) busy lives. When designing group-based walking interventions in retirement villages, it is important to consider community-level social cohesion and degree of relatedness between village residents. When attempting to build a sense of shared identity and relatedness between group members, researchers and policy makers should consider differing backgrounds, capabilities, schedules, and interests of participants.
Empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1080/026404101300149357
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the empirical links between achievement goal theory and self-determination theory in sport. Addressing theoretical and methodological limitations of previous research, the study tested the independent and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived competence on seven motivational variables with different degrees of self-determination. Regression analyses of data collected from 247 British university students showed that task orientation predicted motivational variables with high self-determination. In contrast, ego orientation predicted motivational variables with low self-determination. Perceived competence predicted both high self-determined and low self-determined motivational variables. A significant interaction emerged between task and ego orientations in predicting external regulation. The results suggest the adaptive role of task orientation in facilitating self-determined motivation in sport. However, the findings are not conclusive, as the variance explained in most analyses was relatively small. Suggestions are offered for a more comprehensive empirical testing of the links between the two theories.
Evaluating quality of implementation in physical activity interventions based on theories of motivation: current challenges and future directions
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-03-2011
A diary study of appearance social comparisons and need frustration in young women
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Preventing occupational injury among police officers: does motivation matter?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-06-2017
Abstract: Injury prevention is an important issue for police officers, but the effectiveness of prevention initiatives is dependent on officers' motivation toward, and adherence to, recommended health and safety guidelines. To understand effects of police officers' motivation to prevent occupational injury on beliefs about safety and adherence to injury prevention behaviours. Full-time police officers completed a survey comprising validated psychometric scales to assess autonomous, controlled and amotivated forms of motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), behavioural adherence (Self-reported Treatment Adherence Scale) and beliefs (Safety Attitude Questionnaire) with respect to injury prevention behaviours. There were 207 participants response rate was 87%. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that autonomous motivation was positively related to behavioural adherence, commitment to safety and prioritizing injury prevention. Controlled motivation was a positive predictor of safety communication barriers. Amotivation was positively associated with fatalism regarding injury prevention, safety violation and worry. These findings are consistent with the tenets of self-determination theory in that autonomous motivation was a positive predictor of adaptive safety beliefs and adherence to injury prevention behaviours.
The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1080/02640410500131670
Abstract: Grounded in self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the purpose of the present study was to examine whether amotivation, self-determined and controlling types of motivation could predict a range of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions and physical self-evaluations. Exercisers (n = 375) from ten health clubs in the North of England completed questionnaires measuring exercise motivation, exercise stages of change, number of relapses from exercise, future intention to exercise, barriers self-efficacy, physical self-worth and social physique anxiety. Controlling for age and sex, multiple and logistic regression analyses supported our hypotheses by showing self-determined motivation (i.e. intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) to predict more adaptive behavioural, cognitive and physical self-evaluation patterns than external regulation and amotivation. Introjected regulation was related to both adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of variance revealed that exercisers in the maintenance stage of change displayed significantly more self-determined motivation to exercise than those in the preparation and action stages. The results illustrate the importance of promoting self-determined motivation in exercisers to improve the quality of their experiences, as well as to foster their exercise behaviour. Future research should examine the mechanisms that promote self-determined motivation in exercise.
Profiles of adversity and resilience resources: A latent class analysis of two samples
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/BJOP.12397
Abstract: Adversities refer to events that are characterized by perceived or actual threat to human functioning. Often considered deleterious for health and well-being, recent work supports an alternative picture of the effects of adversity on human functioning, such that a moderate amount of adversity - when compared with none or high levels - can be beneficial. We extend this body of work in the current study by considering the breadth or type of adversities experienced simultaneously (referred to as polyadversity), with a focus on in idual profiles of lifetime adversities. Latent class analysis was employed to explore different configurations of lifetime adversity experiences in two independent s les and examine how these latent classes differed with regard to resilience resources (i.e., optimism, hope, self-efficacy, and bounce-back ability). University students (N = 348) and members from the broader community (N = 1,506) completed measures of lifetime adversity exposure and resilience resources. Three polyadversity classes were revealed in each s le, with both producing a high and a low polyadversity class. The third class differed between s les in the student s le, this class represented experiences of vicarious adversity, whereas in the community s le, it represented moderate levels of exposure to adversity. Support for the adaptive nature of a moderate amount of adversity exposure was found in the community s le but not in the student s le. This study produces initial evidence of how lifetime adversity experiences group together and how class membership is related to resilience resources.
‘A Different Ball Game’: Adaptation of a men’s health program for implementation in rural Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-023-16247-W
Abstract: Men residing in rural areas are less likely to participate in weight management interventions than women, and few men-specific programs target rural areas. Aussie-Fans in Training (Aussie-FIT) is an evidence-based weight management intervention that uses professional Australian Football club affiliations and settings as a ‘hook’ to engage urban-residing men. The aim of this study is to report on how findings from rural stakeholder focus groups were used to inform the adaptation of Aussie-FIT for implementation in rural areas. Seven focus groups with stakeholders ( n = 24) in three rural towns explored existing weight management and physical activity provisions, barriers and facilitators to engaging men, and considerations for adapting Aussie-FIT for implementation in rural contexts. Qualitative data were analysed using the framework approach. Adaptations made to the Aussie-FIT program and strategies to implement the program in rural contexts were reported using a structured framework. Themes generated from our analysis include limited appealing services for men, Australian Football as a ‘common language’, the influence of the ‘smaller fishpond’(population), considerations for program inclusivity, and the importance of local partner organisations for sustainability. We adapted the recruitment and marketing strategies, delivery settings, football program theme and partnerships for rural implementation. Stakeholders advised that an Australian Football program theme without specific local club affiliations would be important to avoid alienating men with differing club allegiances or non-sporting backgrounds. A multi-component recruitment strategy utilising local trusted sources, and program marketing that aligns with masculine ideals were considered important by stakeholders in small communities where ‘people talk’. Rural areas were described as ‘a different ball game’ due to limited local services and resources in comparison to metropolitan areas. Study findings have synergies with previous studies undertaken in rural contexts including in relation to the power of word of mouth, the importance of trust, and local partner organisations. Findings have implications for engaging rural men in health interventions in rural contexts where professional sporting contexts are not available. Assessing the extent to which the adapted Aussie-FIT program can reach and engage men in rural Australia, and exploring the barriers and facilitators to delivering the program in rural contexts is required.
Editorial: 50th anniversary of FEPSAC
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Self-Determination Theory Applied to Health Contexts
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-06-2012
Abstract: Behavior change is more effective and lasting when patients are autonomously motivated. To examine this idea, we identified 184 independent data sets from studies that utilized self-determination theory (SDT Deci & Ryan, 2000) in health care and health promotion contexts. A meta-analysis evaluated relations between the SDT-based constructs of practitioner support for patient autonomy and patients’ experience of psychological need satisfaction, as well as relations between these SDT constructs and indices of mental and physical health. Results showed the expected relations among the SDT variables, as well as positive relations of psychological need satisfaction and autonomous motivation to beneficial health outcomes. Several variables (e.g., participants’ age, study design) were tested as potential moderators when effect sizes were heterogeneous. Finally, we used path analyses of the meta-analyzed correlations to test the interrelations among the SDT variables. Results suggested that SDT is a viable conceptual framework to study antecedents and outcomes of motivation for health-related behaviors.
Predicting motivational regulations in physical education: the interplay between dispositional goal orientations, motivational climate and perceived competence
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1080/0264041031000101962
Abstract: In this study, we examined the main and interactive effects of students' goal orientations, perceived competence and perceptions of the motivational climate on the motivational styles advanced by self-determination theory. The participants were 328 British secondary school students aged 13.6 +/- 0.6 years (mean +/- s). Moderated hierarchical regression analyses revealed task orientation, perceived competence and perceptions of a mastery climate to be positive predictors of self-determined styles of motivation. Perceived competence in physical education was negatively associated with amotivation. Significant interaction effects for mastery climate x task orientation and for ego orientation x perceived competence emerged. The results indicate that: (1) for students endorsing a high task orientation, the perception that the class climate was high in mastery cues was associated with increased intrinsic motivation and (2) for students high in ego orientation, the belief that one was competent increased, while perceptions of incompetence attenuated intrinsic motivation. Additionally, a three-way interaction between ego orientation, performance climate and perceived competence emerged. In light of achievement goal and self-determination frameworks, we propose that studying the potential interplay between both in idual and situational goal perspectives and the moderating effect of perceived competence may further enhance our understanding of motivation in physical education.
Motivation in physical education classes
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-06-2009
Abstract: This article presents a brief overview of empirical studies in school physical education (PE) that have employed self-determination theory (SDT) and, where relevant, proposes ideas for future research in this area. First, we review research on teachers' interpersonal style and its relation to students' motivation. Second, we discuss intervention studies aimed at optimizing teachers' interactions with students. Third, we present an overview of findings suggesting that basic psychological needs and motivational regulations predict various cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes in PE. Finally, we provide practical recommendations for PE teachers drawing from initial intervention studies in PE.
An Introduction to the Special Issue for the 50th anniversary of FEPSAC
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Behavior change techniques in physical activity interventions for adults with substance use disorders: A systematic review.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2023
DOI: 10.1037/ADB0000842
Abstract: Increasing regular physical activity (PA) behavior may be an effective adjunct intervention for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. This systematic review aims to identify promising behavior change techniques (BCTs), namely, BCTs present in the design of interventions evidencing significant short-term and/or long-term ( Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the search was performed on March 11, 2021 across databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Studies were included if they measured PA, included participants aged ≥ 18 years, were randomized control trials, and if participants were diagnosed with SUDs. The Cochrane RoB 2.0 Tool was used to assess risk of bias. BCTs from eligible studies were extracted, coded, and ranked according to their proportional presence across studies. The final synthesis included Incorporating the eight most promising BCTs identified in this review in future PA interventions in SUD populations may improve SUD outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Achievement goals in physical education: Examining the predictive ability of five different dimensions of motivational climate
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2007
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the differential relationships between five dimensions of motivational climate and achievement goals, as the latter have been conceptualized by the revised achievement goal theory. Adolescents ( N = 336, M age = 13.45 years, SD = 1.04) participating in a summer c in southern Greece took part in the study. The participants completed the Approach Avoidance Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AAAGQ measuring mastery, performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals, as conceptualized by Elliot, 1997), and the Learning and Performance Orientations in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire (LAPOPECQ measuring five dimensions of task- and ego-involving motivational climate). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that, after controlling for age and gender, the dimensions of motivational climate predicted achievement goals differently. Specifically, the students' learning orientation dimension was the strongest predictor of mastery goals, the students' competitive orientation dimension was the strongest predictor of performance-approach goals, while the worries about mistakes dimension was the largest predictor of performance-avoidance goals. The findings of the present study indicate that there might be differential relationships between the dimensions of motivational climate and achievement goals in a physical education context.
An intervention to optimise coach-created motivational climates and reduce athlete willingness to dope (CoachMADE): a three-country cluster randomised controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 11-09-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2019-101963
Abstract: Coach-centred antidoping education is scarce. We tested the efficacy of a motivationally informed antidoping intervention for coaches, with their athletes’ willingness to dope as the primary outcome. We delivered a cluster randomised controlled trial in Australia, the UK and Greece. This study was a parallel group, two-condition, superiority trial. Participants were 130 coaches and 919 athletes. Coaches in the intervention group attended two workshops and received supplementary information to support them in adopting a motivationally supportive communication style when discussing doping-related issues with their athletes. Coaches in the control condition attended a standard antidoping workshop that provided up-to-date information on antidoping issues yet excluded any motivation-related content. Assessments of willingness to dope (primary outcome) and other secondary outcomes were taken at baseline, postintervention (3 months) and at a 2-month follow up. Compared with athletes in the control group, athletes in the intervention group reported greater reductions in willingness to take prohibited substances (effect size g=0.17) and psychological need frustration (g=0.23) at postintervention, and greater increases in antidoping knowledge (g=0.27) at follow-up. Coaches in the intervention group reported at postintervention greater increases in efficacy to create an antidoping culture (g=0.40) and in perceived effectiveness of need supporting behaviours (g=0.45) to deal with doping-related situations. They also reported greater decreases in doping attitudes (g=0.24) and perceived effectiveness of need thwarting behaviours (g=0.35). Antidoping education programmes should consider incorporating principles of motivation, as these could be beneficial to coaches and their athletes. We offer suggestions to strengthen these programmes, as most of the effects we observed were not sustained at follow-up. This trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371465& isReview=true ).
Financial Incentives May Influence Health Behaviors, But Do We End Up With Less Than We Paid For? A Self-determination Theory Perspective
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-10-2019
DOI: 10.1093/ABM/KAZ038
Abstract: Paying people to make healthier choices produces inconsistent and sometimes harmful results. Considering how payments can feel coercive is important for promoting long-term, holistic well-being.
A Self-determination Theory Approach to the Study of Body Image Concerns, Self-presentation and Self-perceptions in a Sample of Aerobic Instructors
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2007
Abstract: This study examined motivational predictors of body image concerns, self-presentation and self-perceptions using Self-determination Theory as a guiding framework. Aerobic instructors ( N = 149) completed questionnaires measuring general need satisfaction, exercise motivational regulations, body image concerns, social physique anxiety and self-perceptions. Introjected regulation predicted all outcome variables in the expected direction. Intrinsic motivation positively predicted physical self-worth. Further, autonomy need satisfaction negatively predicted body image concerns. Finally, differences existed in need satisfaction, introjected regulation, self-perceptions and social physique anxiety between those at risk of developing eating disorders and those not at risk. The results underline the importance of overall and exercise-specific feelings of self-determination in dealing with body image concerns and low self-perceptions of aerobics instructors.
Exercise imagery and its correlates in older adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Intrinsic motivation in two exercise interventions: Associations with fitness and body composition.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1037/HEA0000260
Abstract: To examine the motivational process through which increases in aerobic capacity and decreases in total body fat are achieved during high-intensity intermittent training (HIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) interventions. Eighty-seven physically inactive adults (65% women, age = 42 ± 12, BMI = 27.67 ± 4.99 kg/m²) took part in a 10-week randomized intervention testing group-based HIT, operationalized as repeated sprints of 15-60 s interspersed with periods of recovery cycling ≤ 25 min/session, 3 sessions/wk⁻¹, or MICT, operationalized as cycling at constant workload of ∼65% maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max, 30-45 min/session⁻¹, 5 sessions/wk⁻¹. Assessments of VO2max and total body fat were made pre- and postintervention. Motivation variables were assessed midintervention and class attendance was monitored throughout. Path analysis was employed, controlling for treatment arm and baseline values of VO2max and total body fat. The 2 groups differed in adherence only, favoring HIT. Baseline VO2max predicted intrinsic motivation midintervention. Intrinsic motivation predicted program adherence, which in turn predicted increases in VO2max and decreases in total body fat by the end of the study. Intrinsic motivation in HIT and MICT is positively linked to adherence to these programs, which can facilitate improvements in fitness and body composition.
A Prospective Study of Participation in Optional School Physical Education Using a Self-Determination Theory Framework.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2005
Development and feasibility of a mobile phone application designed to support physically inactive employees to increase walking
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12911-021-01391-3
Abstract: Physical inactivity is a global health concern. mHealth interventions have become increasingly popular, but to date, principles of effective communication from Self-Determination Theory have not been integrated with behavior change techniques to optimize app effectiveness. We outline the development of the START app, an app combining SDT principles and 17 purposefully chosen BCTs to support inactive office employees to increase their walking during a 16-week randomized controlled trial. We also explored acceptability, engagement with, associations between app usage and behavioral engagement, and perceived impact of the app in supporting behavior change. Following development, fifty insufficiently physically active employees ( M age = 44.21 ± 10.95 years BMI = 29.02 ± 5.65) were provided access and instructions on use of the app. A mixed methods design was used to examine feasibility of the app, including the User Mobile App Rating Scale, app engagement data, step counts, and in idual interviews. Linear mixed modeling and inductive thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Walkers rated the app quality favorably ( M = 3.68 out of 5). Frequency of entering step counts (i.e., frequency of self-monitoring) on a weekly basis positively predicted weekly step counts measured via Fitbits at both the between-and within-in idual levels. App features (entering daily step counts, reminders, and motivational messages) were perceived to assist walkers in fostering goal achievement by building competence and via self-monitoring. The START app may be a useful component of walking interventions designed to increase walking in the workplace. Apps designed to promote walking behavior may be effective if they target users’ competence and integrate BCTs. Trial Registration : This study was part of a pilot larger randomized controlled trial, in which a component of the intervention involved the use of the mobile app. The trial was retrospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000807257) on 11 May 2018 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375049& isReview=true .
The Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Predicting Daily Pain and Fatigue in Older Adults: a Diary Study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-12-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S12160-017-9921-1
Abstract: Little attention has been paid to within-person daily associations among light physical activity (PA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) with subsequent bodily pain and fatigue. Daily reports of pain and fatigue are less likely to be affected by recall bias and to conflate days of high and low pain/ fatigue into one overall score. The purpose of this study was to examine daily within-person associations between pain, fatigue, and physical health and ascertain whether such associations are moderated by in idual differences in these variables. Participants were 63 community-living older adults (female n = 43, mean age = 70.98 years). Questionnaires measured typical levels of PA, SB, bodily pain, fatigue, and physical health. Subsequently, on a daily basis over a 1-week period, participants' levels of light PA, MVPA, and SB were measured using accelerometers. Participants completed a questionnaire rating their pain and fatigue at the end of each day. Multilevel modeling revealed positive within-person associations between daily light PA, dailyMVPA, and pain, as well as negative within-person associations between daily SB and pain. For in iduals with higher typical levels of fatigue, there was a negative association between daily light PA, MVPA, and fatigue. For in iduals with better levels of physical health, there was also a negative association between daily MVPA and fatigue. For those with higher typical levels of fatigue and better levels of physical health, there was a positive association between daily SB and fatigue. No such interaction effects were found between high levels of typical pain and PA or SB. Our findings indicate that efforts to promote daily PA in older adults might be more effective for those who report high typical levels of fatigue and physical health, compared to those who report high levels of daily physical pain.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
The development and validation of the Interpersonal Support in Physical Activity Consultations Observational Tool
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-12-2014
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2014.987320
Abstract: This study describes the development and psychometric characteristics of an observational instrument that examines four aspects of interpersonal support (or lack of) provided during physical activity (PA) promotion consultations (i.e., Autonomy Support, Involvement, Structure and Interpersonal Control), as identified by Self-determination Theory (SDT). The reliability and validity of the Interpersonal Support in Physical Activity Consultations Observational Tool (ISPACOT) were examined within an exploratory randomised control trial. Recorded consultations (N = 42) conducted by qualified PA advisors (N = 14) at 13 leisure centres across the West Midlands (UK) were rated. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated moderate to high inter-rater reliability for overall interpersonal support (0.80), and the Autonomy Support (0.74), Involvement (0.73) and Structure (0.91) dimensions, but low reliability for Interpersonal Control (0.35). The advisors, who conducted PA promotion consultations that were rated as low in their interpersonally supportive features, were perceived by their clients as being less supportive (F(1,10) = 5.0, p <.05). Ratings on the ISPACOT differentiated advisors who were trained in SDT principles and those who were not. Overall, the findings provided preliminary evidence for the reliability and convergent validity of the ISPACOT.
Autonomous motivation, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise in rheumatoid arthritis: Randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
A needs-supportive intervention to help PE teachers enhance students' prosocial behavior and diminish antisocial behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
When the Going Gets Tough: The “Why” of Goal Striving Matters
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-08-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JOPY.12047
Goal Motives and Well-Being in Student-Athletes: A Person-Centered Approach
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2020
Abstract: Using a person-centered approach, the aim of this study was to examine how student-athletes’ motives for multiple-goal pursuit relate to indices of well- and ill-being. Student-athletes ( N = 362) from British universities identified the most important sporting and academic goals that they were pursuing over the academic year. The participants rated their extrinsic, introjected, identified, and intrinsic goal motives for each goal and completed measures of well- and ill-being. Latent profile analysis revealed six distinct profiles of goal motives, with variations in both the strength of motives and the motivational quality. Follow-up analyses revealed between-profile differences for well- and ill-being students with more optimal goal motive profiles reported higher and lower well- and ill-being, respectively, than those with less optimal goal motives. To experience well-being benefits when pursuing multiple goals, student-athletes should strive for their academic and sporting goals with high autonomous and low controlled goal motives.
Effects of perceived autonomy support from social agents on motivation and engagement of Chinese primary school students: Psychological need satisfaction as mediator
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
A review of some emergent quantitative analyses in sport and exercise psychology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-05-2018
A Person-Centered Analysis of Motivation for Physical Activity and Perceived Neighborhood Environment in Residents of Assisted Living Facilities
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-07-2018
Abstract: This study sought to identify profiles of in idual, social, and perceived neighborhood environmental correlates of physical activity (PA) and to explore differences between the identified profiles in PA. Residents of assisted living facilities ( N = 87, M age = 77.57 years) were recruited for the cross-sectional study. Participants reported their perceived support from important others for PA, basic psychological need satisfaction and motivation for PA, and perceived neighborhood environment around the assisted living facilities. Engagement in light PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA was measured by accelerometers over 1 week. We identified three profiles using latent profile analysis: ‘low self-determined and minimally supported', ‘moderately self-determined and supported', and ‘highly self-determined and supported'. Results showed participants in the highly self-determined and supported profile engaged in higher levels of light PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA than participants from other profiles. Findings showed perceptions of the neighborhood environment should be taken into account with motivation regarding PA.
A Diary Study of Self-Compassion, Upward Social Comparisons, and Body Image-Related Outcomes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/APHW.12089
Abstract: Self-compassion may protect in iduals experiencing poor body image and associated maladaptive outcomes. The purpose of the study was to examine within-person associations (whilst controlling for between-person differences) between appearance-related self-compassion, appearance-related threats (operationalised as upward appearance comparisons), and body image-related variables, namely, social physique anxiety, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction. A diary methodology was used whereby young women (n = 126 M Results of mixed linear modeling revealed that both state appearance-related upward comparisons and self-compassion independently predicted all three outcomes in a positive and negative fashion, respectively. No significant interaction effects between state appearance-related upward comparisons and self-compassion were found. The results suggested that appearance-based self-compassion was important, not just when there was a potential threat to body image via upward appearance comparisons. The findings highlight the importance of fostering self-compassion on a daily level.
An investigation into the effects of short-course professional development on teachers’ and teaching assistants’ self-efficacy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-09-2019
Typologies of Greek inactive older adults based on reasons for abstaining from exercise and conditions for change
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1080/02640410802165715
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to examine typologies of non-exercisers based on reasons for physical inactivity and conditions reported to be necessary to change exercise behaviour. These typologies were then compared on psychological variables of interest and exercise history. Questionnaires were distributed to Greek older adults aged 60 and above who were recruited from social clubs and city cafés. Only in iduals engaging in no regular exercise were recruited (n = 188). The results of hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses revealed two clusters for males ("approachable" and "unconvinced") and three for females ("unconcerned", "approachable", and "unconvinced"). The clusters differed significantly on psychological variables not used in the cluster solution. Exercise history distinguished between clusters only among males. The results reveal that physically inactive older adults are not a homogeneous group of in iduals. Implementers of physical activity interventions should probably use a range of strategies that take into consideration that some sedentary older adults are more amenable to consider taking up exercise than others.
Does teacher evaluation based on student performance predict motivation, well-being, and ill-being?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSP.2018.03.005
Abstract: This study tests an explanatory model based on self-determination theory, which posits that pressure experienced by teachers when they are evaluated based on their students' academic performance will differentially predict teacher adaptive and maladaptive motivation, well-being, and ill-being. A total of 360 Spanish physical education teachers completed a multi-scale inventory. We found support for a structural equation model that showed that perceived pressure predicted teacher autonomous motivation negatively, predicted amotivation positively, and was unrelated to controlled motivation. In addition, autonomous motivation predicted vitality positively and exhaustion negatively, whereas controlled motivation and amotivation predicted vitality negatively and exhaustion positively. Amotivation significantly mediated the relation between pressure and vitality and between pressure and exhaustion. The results underline the potential negative impact of pressure felt by teachers due to this type of evaluation on teacher motivation and psychological health.
Psychosocial Predictors of Drop-Out from Organised Sport: A Prospective Study in Adolescent Soccer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-12-2022
Abstract: In recent years an increased drop-out rate in adolescents’ soccer participation has been observed. Given the potentially adverse consequences of drop-out from soccer, more information about risk factors for drop-out is warranted. In the current study, Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) analysis was used to investigate demographic and motivational factors associated with an increased risk of drop-out from adolescent soccer. The results of this study indicate that older age, experiencing less autonomy support from the coach, less intrinsic motivation, being female, and lower socioeconomic status are factors associated with an increased risk of drop-out. An interpretation of the results of this study is that coaches play a central part in creating a sports context that facilitates motivation and continued soccer participation. Based on the findings of the current study we propose that soccer clubs implement theoretically informed coach education programs to help coaches adopt autonomy-supportive coaching strategies.
The Aussie-FIT process evaluation: feasibility and acceptability of a weight loss intervention for men, delivered in Australian Football League settings
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-03-2021
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1890730
Abstract: This process evaluation aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Aussie-FIT, a group-based weight loss intervention for men with overweight and obesity in Australia. Process data and data collected from: (1) six-participant focus groups ( We explored the feasibility and acceptability of program setting and context, recruitment strategies, factors impacting implementation and mechanisms of impact. Recruitment via Australian Football League (AFL) clubs was highly effective 426 men expressed interest within 3 days of advertising, 130 men took part. Program attendance was not consistently recorded by coaches. Coach interviews indicated a 'core group of men' participated in each session (typically 10-12 of 15 men). Program delivery proved feasible in the AFL context. Program acceptability and satisfaction were high. Internalisation of autonomous motives was identified as driving behaviour change. Behaviour change to support maintained weight loss was facilitated through habit formation, goal setting and effective management of multiple goals. Aussie-FIT sets a blueprint for future weight loss interventions that utilise behaviour change strategies and principles of self-determined motivation to support men to lose weight. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000515392. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
“More than just a walk in the park”: A multi-stakeholder qualitative exploration of community-based walking sport programmes for middle-aged and older adults
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-04-2023
Stirring the motivational soup: within-person latent profiles of motivation in exercise
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2017
Daily fluctuations in the affective states of dancers: A cross-situational test of basic needs theory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
When feeling attractive matters too much to women: A process underpinning the relation between psychological need satisfaction and unhealthy weight control behaviors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2011
Volunteer Motivation and Retention of Older Peer Walk Leaders: A 4-Month Long Investigation
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-10-2020
Abstract: Peer volunteers offer a promising avenue for promoting physical activity in older adults. However, recruiting and retaining such volunteers are challenging. We aimed to examine longitudinally factors that determine whether older volunteer walk leaders will persist in their role. We recruited older adults volunteering as walk leaders, from retirement villages in Perth, at the start of a 16-week walking intervention. Using a mixed-methods multiple case study design, informed by self-determination theory, we examined the motivational processes of three profiles: Dropouts, Completers, and Extenders. One male and 10 female (medianAge = 75 years, age range: 66–83 years) peer walk leaders were interviewed twice over 4 months, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Questionnaires provided information on volunteer characteristics, leadership confidence, and volunteer motivation. Self-orientated goals, obligation and guilt, emotional exhaustion, lack of psychological need satisfaction, and perceived lack of support were barriers to volunteer persistence. Social confidence and relatedness satisfaction motivated volunteers to persist until program completion (Completers). Altruistic goals, using sustainable helping strategies, psychological need satisfaction, optimism, and enjoyment were important for continuing the role after the program (Extenders). Results describe how differences in volunteer motives, personal characteristics, and training may affect motivational processes that determine persistence as an older peer walk leader. We provide suggestions on selecting, training, and supporting older volunteer walk leaders to facilitate their retention.
Self-Management Group Education to Reduce Fear of Hypoglycemia as a Barrier to Physical Activity in Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCJD.2021.01.001
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a theory-driven group education intervention designed to reduce fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) as a barrier to physical activity (PA) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study was a single-blinded, pilot randomized controlled trial of adults aged 18 to 65 years and living with T1D in Western Australia. Participants were randomized (1:1) to standard care or intervention with self-management education. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability of the study procedures, and change to barriers to PA and FoH. Secondary outcomes were change to attitudes and intentions toward PA, self-reported participation in PA, self-efficacy, diabetes distress and well-being. To calculate effect sizes, we used a Bayesian comparison of the between-group difference scores (i.e. [score We randomized 117 participants with T1D, 86 (74%) of whom provided baseline data and attended initial workshops. Of these participants, 81% attended the booster workshop 4 weeks later. They were 45±12 years of age, reported high levels of activity and had been living with T1D for 20±14 years. Small-to-moderate effect sizes [ESs] in favour of the intervention were observed at 12 weeks for overall barriers to PA (ES, -0.38 highest density interval, -0.92 to 0.17), self-efficacy for blood glucose management after PA (ES, 0.45 highest density interval, 0 to 0.91), diabetes distress (ES, -0.29 highest density interval, -0.77 to 0.15) and well-being (ES, 0.36 highest density interval, -0.12 to 0.8). Quantitative findings indicate study procedures were acceptable to participants and feasible to deliver. A future definitive trial is justified to replicate preliminary efficacy and to determine the utility of the intervention for improving PA participation.
Motivational Climate in the Classroom
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/A000524
Abstract: Abstract. Adaptive motivation is central to positive functioning. Social agents such as teachers play a significant role in shaping the motivation of people with whom they interact by satisfying or thwarting their psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The development and validation of tools that assess the types of behaviors social agents adopt to satisfy these psychological needs are important agenda items for substantive and applied researchers. In this study, we examined factorial and convergent validity evidence of a need support scale adapted from the physical education context for use in tertiary settings with health science students. Factor analyses of responses from 290 health science students indicated that need-supportive behaviors are best captured by one latent factor, rather than the a priori 4-factor structure designed to capture needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. Regression analyses supported the convergent validity of the unidimensional structure, such that students who perceived higher levels of need-supportive behaviors from their tutor reported higher levels of behavioral engagement, and experiences of vitality and learning. Validation of a scale that assesses need-supportive behaviors within a health science context provides researchers with a tool to employ in future research that aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of such behaviors, as well as the effects of interventions designed to equip educators with the skills, motivation, and knowledge to employ successfully such behaviors.
Predicting young athletes' motivational indices as a function of their perceptions of the coach- and peer-created climate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
Motivating playgrounds: understanding how school playgrounds support autonomy, competence, and relatedness of tweens
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2022
Self-determination theory interventions for health behavior change: Meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation modeling of randomized controlled trials.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1037/CCP0000501
“It's a bit more complicated than that”: A broader perspective on determinants of obesity
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X16001497
Abstract: The insurance hypothesis does not address important factors known to contribute to obesity levels in all persons, not just adult women in the industrialized world. These include psychological determinants of eating behaviours, the decline in physical activity leading to a negative energy balance, the dense built environment, pervasive food marketing, and the increased availability of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food.
An intervention to help teachers establish a prosocial peer climate in physical education
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Assessing physiotherapists’ communication skills for promoting patient autonomy for self-management: reliability and validity of the communication evaluation in rehabilitation tool
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-02-2018
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1443159
Abstract: To assess the inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the Communication Evaluation in Rehabilitation Tool, which aims to externally assess physiotherapists competency in using Self-Determination Theory-based communication strategies in practice. Audio recordings of initial consultations between 24 physiotherapists and 24 patients with chronic low back pain in four hospitals in Ireland were obtained as part of a larger randomised controlled trial. Three raters, all of whom had Ph.Ds in psychology and expertise in motivation and physical activity, independently listened to the 24 audio recordings and completed the 18-item Communication Evaluation in Rehabilitation Tool. Inter-rater reliability between all three raters was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson's r correlations with a reference standard, the Health Care Climate Questionnaire. The total score for the Communication Evaluation in Rehabilitation Tool is an average of all 18 items. Total scores demonstrated good inter-rater reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.8) and concurrent validity with the Health Care Climate Questionnaire total score (range: r = 0.7-0.88). Item-level scores of the Communication Evaluation in Rehabilitation Tool identified five items that need improvement. Results provide preliminary evidence to support future use and testing of the Communication Evaluation in Rehabilitation Tool. Implications for Rehabilitation Promoting patient autonomy is a learned skill and while interventions exist to train clinicians in these skills there are no tools to assess how well clinicians use these skills when interacting with a patient. The lack of robust assessment has severe implications regarding both the fidelity of clinician training packages and resulting outcomes for promoting patient autonomy. This study has developed a novel measurement tool Communication Evaluation in Rehabilitation Tool and a comprehensive user manual to assess how well health care providers use autonomy-supportive communication strategies in real world-clinical settings. This tool has demonstrated good inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity in its initial testing phase. The Communication Evaluation in Rehabilitation Tool can be used in future studies to assess autonomy-supportive communication and undergo further measurement property testing as per our recommendations.
John Henryism and fear of failure in competitive sport: predicting competitive standard and mental well-being
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-10-2022
Motivational clusters in a sample of British physical education classes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2002
Self-Compassion and Need Frustration Moderate the Effects of Upward Appearance Comparisons on Body Image Discrepancies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-02-2020
WITHDRAWN: Stressor reflections and elite athlete psychological well-being and ill-being: An experimental test of self-distancing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
An intervention to optimize coach motivational climates and reduce athlete willingness to dope (CoachMADE): Protocol for a cross-cultural cluster randomized control trial
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-01-2018
Profiles of Physical Function, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior and their Associations with Mental Health in Residents of Assisted Living Facilities
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/APHW.12085
Abstract: The current study used latent profile analyses to identify classes of older participants based on physical health, physical function, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and then examined differences in mental health between these classes. Eighty-five residents (M = 77.5 years old, SD = 8.2) from assisted living facilities participated. Light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior were assessed by accelerometers, physical function was measured using different tasks (mobility, grip strength, and spirometry), and body mass index was calculated. Mental and physical health (i.e. anxiety, depression, fatigue, vitality, and subjective mental and physical health) were assessed by questionnaires. Latent profile analyses revealed three classes: "Class 1: Low physical function and physical activity with a highly sedentary lifestyle" (27.1%), "Class 2: Moderate physical function and physical activity with a moderate sedentary lifestyle" (41.2%), "Class 3: High physical function and physical activity with an active lifestyle" (31.8%). The results revealed that the latter class reported better mental health than the other two classes. This study suggests that health promotion for older adults might benefit from identifying profiles of movement-related behaviors when examining the links between physical activity and mental health. Future study should test the intervention potential of this profiling approach.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Motivation
Publisher: Oxford University PressNew York
Date: 14-03-2023
DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780197662359.003.0020
Abstract: People are constantly bombarded by books, blogs, videos, and other self-help resources produced by “motivational gurus” that promise to teach consumers how to increase their motivation to achieve daily and long-term goals. The assumption is that the more motivated people are, the better the outcomes. In many cases this is true, but is higher motivation always desirable? No, because it is important to look not only at the amount of motivation one has, but also at the quality of that motivation. Using a self-determination theory perspective, three different types of quality motivation can be differentiated. Some motivations foster positive behaviors, emotions, and thoughts. However, other motivations are indifferent to a person’s personal development and well-being. And still other motivations actively undermine one’s potential.
The emergence of team resilience: A multilevel conceptual model of facilitating factors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JOOP.12237
Relationships Between Changes in Self-Reported Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviours and Health During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in France and Switzerland
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 25-04-2020
Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have detrimental effects on physical and mental health, but physical activity can help people to cope with stress, thereby mitigating its potential negative health consequences. In our study, we investigated whether changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours are associated with changes in mental and physical health during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Antecedents of Need Supportive and Controlling Interpersonal Styles From a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: A Review and Implications for Sport Psychology Research
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Self-Determination Theory and Diminished Functioning
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-06-2011
Abstract: Drawing from self-determination theory, three studies explored the social-environmental conditions that satisfy versus thwart psychological needs and, in turn, affect psychological functioning and well-being or ill-being. In cross-sectional Studies 1 and 2, structural equation modeling analyses supported latent factor models in which need satisfaction was predicted by athletes’ perceptions of autonomy support, and need thwarting was better predicted by coach control. Athletes’ perceptions of need satisfaction predicted positive outcomes associated with sport participation (vitality and positive affect), whereas need thwarting more consistently predicted maladaptive outcomes (disordered eating, burnout, depression, negative affect, and physical symptoms). In addition, athletes’ perceptions of psychological need thwarting were significantly associated with perturbed physiological arousal (elevated levels of secretory immunoglobulin A) prior to training. The final study involved the completion of a diary and supported the relations observed in the cross-sectional studies at a daily level. These findings have important implications for the operationalization and measurement of interpersonal styles and psychological needs.
Unhealthy weight control behaviours in adolescent girls: a process model based on self-determination theory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1080/08870440902783628
Abstract: This study used self-determination theory (Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2000). The 'what' and 'why' of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.) to examine predictors of body image concerns and unhealthy weight control behaviours in a s le of 350 Greek adolescent girls. A process model was tested which proposed that perceptions of parental autonomy support and two life goals (health and image) would predict adolescents' degree of satisfaction of their basic psychological needs. In turn, psychological need satisfaction was hypothesised to negatively predict body image concerns (i.e. drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction) and, indirectly, unhealthy weight control behaviours. The predictions of the model were largely supported indicating that parental autonomy support and adaptive life goals can indirectly impact upon the extent to which female adolescents engage in unhealthy weight control behaviours via facilitating the latter's psychological need satisfaction.
“Shall We Dance?” Older Adults’ Perspectives on the Feasibility of a Dance Intervention for Cognitive Function
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2018
Abstract: We explored perceptions of social dance as a possible intervention to improve cognitive function in older adults with subjective memory complaints. A total of 30 participants (19 females mean age = 72.6 years SD = 8.2) took part in the study. This included 21 participants who had self-reported subjective memory complaints and nine spouses who noticed spousal memory loss. Semistructured interviews were conducted, and a thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Three main themes were constructed: (a) dance seen as a means of promoting social interaction (b) chronic illness as a barrier and facilitator to participation and (c) social dance representing nostalgic connections to the past . Overall, the participants were positive about the potential attractiveness of social dance to improve cognitive and social functioning and other aspects of health. In future research, it is important to examine the feasibility of a social dance intervention among older adults with subjective memory complaints.
Self-Regulatory Responses to Unattainable Goals: The Role of Goal Motives
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-02-2014
Initial validation of the coach-created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Morality in Sport: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2009
Dyadic interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour: systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-10-2019
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1532312
Abstract: Several interventions have targeted dyads to promote physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary behaviour (SB), but the evidence has not been synthesised. Sixty-nine studies were identified from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, and 59 were included in the main meta-analyses (providing 72 independent tests). Intervention details, type of dyadic goal, participant characteristics, and methodological quality were extracted and their impact on the overall effect size was examined. Sensitivity analyses tested effect robustness to (a) the effects of other statistically significant moderators (b) outliers (c) data included for participants who were not the main target of the intervention. Dyadic interventions had a small positive, highly heterogeneous, effect on PA g = .203, 95% CI [0.123-0.282], compared to comparison conditions including equivalent interventions targeting in iduals. Shared target-oriented goals (where both dyad members hold the same PA goal for the main target of the intervention) and peer/friend dyads were associated with larger effect sizes across most analyses. Dyadic interventions produced a small homogeneous reduction in SB. Given dyadic interventions promote PA over-and-above equivalent interventions targeting in iduals, these interventions should be more widespread. However, moderating factors such as the types of PA goal and dyad need to be considered to maximise effects.
Conceptualizing and testing a new tripartite measure of coach interpersonal behaviors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-10-2020
A classification system for teachers’ motivational behaviors recommended in self-determination theory interventions.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 18-05-2023
DOI: 10.1037/EDU0000783
Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1037/EDU0000420
Effects of motivation and depletion on the ability to resist the temptation to avoid physical activity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2013
An internet-supported school physical activity intervention in low socioeconomic status communities: results from the Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) cluster randomised controlle
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-10-2017
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2017-097904
Abstract: Quality physical education (PE) is the cornerstone of comprehensive school physical activity (PA) promotion programmes. We tested the efficacy of a teacher professional learning intervention, delivered partially via the internet, designed to maximise opportunities for students to be active during PE lessons and enhance adolescents’ motivation towards PE and PA. A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with teachers and Grade 8 students from secondary schools in low socioeconomic areas of Western Sydney, Australia. The Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) intervention for secondary school PE teachers included workshops, online learning, implementation tasks and mentoring sessions. The primary outcome was the proportion of PE lesson time that students spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), measured by accelerometers at baseline, postintervention (7–8 months after baseline) and maintenance (14–15 months). Secondary outcomes included observed PE teachers’ behaviour during lessons, students’ leisure-time PA and students’ motivation. Students (n=1421) from 14 schools completed baseline assessments and were included in linear mixed model analyses. The intervention had positive effects on students’ MVPA during lessons. At postintervention, the adjusted mean difference in the proportion of lesson time spent in MVPA was 5.58% (p .001, approximately 4 min/lesson). During the maintenance phase, this effect was 2.64% (p .001, approximately 2 min/lesson). The intervention had positive effects on teachers’ behaviour, but did not impact students’ motivation. AMPED produced modest improvements in MVPA and compares favourably with previous interventions delivered exclusively face-to-face. Online teacher training could help facilitate widespread dissemination of professional learning interventions. ACTRN12614000184673.
A psychometric evaluation of the Group Environment Questionnaire in a sample of elite and regional level Greek volleyball players
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2004
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) adapted to the Greek language. The s le consisted of 586 male and female volleyball players of elite and regional level status. Data were analysed from three time points of a competitive season. For each time point, seven competing first-order and second-order factor structures were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses. The results revealed that the Greek GEQ demonstrated high internal reliability coefficients, good convergent validity and, for most of the competing models, acceptable fit indices. However, very high factor correlations rendered problematic the discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Multis le analyses examining the invariance of the seven models across competitive level and gender revealed that the models were largely invariant. Further psychometric testing is needed to examine whether the Greek GEQ relates to conceptually important personal and team correlates of group cohesion.
A systematic review examining socioeconomic factors in trials of interventions for men that report weight as an outcome
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13436
Abstract: Weight management interventions designed specifically for men have become more common, but the extent to which socioeconomic factors are considered in trials of these interventions is unclear. We synthesized study characteristics, methods, and reporting of interventions with a behavioral component for men that report weight as an outcome, to establish the extent to which socioeconomic factors are considered during intervention design, conduct, and reporting. A comprehensive search was conducted on Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL for studies published from January 2000 to July 2021. Thirty‐six trials were included. Educational attainment ( n = 24) was the most frequently reported socioeconomic characteristic, followed by working status ( n = 14) and area level deprivation ( n = 12). Seven studies did not report any socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies ( n = 20) did not mention the socioeconomic profile of their s les in relation to study strengths or limitations. Few ( n = 4) consulted with men from lower socioeconomic groups during intervention design. One study examined potential differential intervention effects across socioeconomic groups, with most not powered to do so. Recent feasibility trials ( n = 3) targeting specific socioeconomic groups suggest a potential nascent towards a greater consideration of factors related to equity. To best inform public health policy related to health inequalities, greater consideration of socioeconomic factors is required in trials of men's weight management interventions.
Handling effect size dependency in meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2021
How can older peer leaders best support motivation for walking in physically inactive older adults? A self-determination theory perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-11-2023
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1994968
Abstract: We aimed to determine what older adults perceive to be need-supportive behaviours of peer walk leaders, drawing primarily from Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Experienced peer leaders ( We conducted semi-structured interviews to identify leader behaviours that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness and analysed the data using framework analysis. We identified eight main themes: eliciting walker interest, acknowledging and adapting to walkers' requirements, ensuring walkers feel comfortable, cared for, and socially integrated, supporting walker confidence, and promoting success experiences. Inexperienced leaders differed from other sub-groups in what they perceived to be supportive behaviours. Future peer leaders could use the identified behaviours to help older adults feel motivated during group walks. New peer leaders can be educated about potential differences between what they describe as supportive and what walkers and experienced leaders perceive as need-supportive behaviours.
The Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART‐Q): development and initial validation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-12-2003
Enhancing functional recovery for young people recovering from first episode psychosis via sport-based life skills training: outcomes of a feasibility and pilot study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-11-2022
Longitudinal relations between psychological distress and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: A latent change score approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Our PSE journey: Looking back and forward
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
A gender-sensitised weight-loss and healthy living program for men with overweight and obesity in Australian Football League settings (Aussie-FIT): A pilot randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-08-2020
Protocol for a gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered in Australian football league settings (Aussie-FIT): A feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-022663
Abstract: Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among Australian men. Professional sports settings can act as a powerful ‘hook’ to engage men in weight loss programmes the Football Fans in Training programme delivered in professional UK soccer clubs was successful and cost-effective in helping men lose weight. The Australian Football League (AFL) is a potentially attractive setting to engage men in a weight loss programme. We aim to develop, pilot and evaluate the feasibility of a weight loss intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged men, delivered in AFL settings, to promote weight loss and healthier lifestyles and determine its suitability for a future randomised control trial. 120 overweight/obese male fans will complete baseline physical and psychological health measures and objective measures of physical activity (PA), weight, waist size and blood pressure prior to randomisation into the intervention or waitlist comparison group. The intervention group will receive 12 weekly 90 min workshops incorporating PA, nutrition education, behaviour change techniques and principles of effective motivation. Four community coaches will be trained to deliver Aussie-FIT at two AFL clubs in Western Australia. Measurements will be repeated in both groups at 3 months (post-intervention) and 6 months (follow-up). Outcomes will include programme uptake, attendance, changes in lifestyle and weight variables to inform power calculations for a future definitive trial, fidelity of programme delivery, acceptability, satisfaction with the programme and perceptions of effectiveness. We will also determine trial feasibility and potential to gather cost-effectiveness data. Ethics approval was granted by Curtin University’s Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC2017-0458). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and reports. A multicomponent dissemination strategy will include targeted translation and stakeholder engagement events to establish strategies for sustainability and policy change. ACTRN12617000515392 Pre-results.
Factors associated with parasympathetic activation following exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-05-2016
Measuring psychological need states in sport: Theoretical considerations and a new measure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Psychological and behavioural factors of unintentional doping: A preliminary systematic review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-03-2018
Conceptualizing and Testing a New Tripartite Measure of Coach Interpersonal Behaviors
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-04-2019
Abstract: ObjectivesVarious self-report measures based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985 Ryan & Deci, 2017) have been developed to assess athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ need supportive and thwarting behaviors. We propose that it is also conceptually important to distinguish between coaching behaviors that thwart and those that are indifferent to athletes’ psychological needs. This distinction is useful, as we contend that athletes’ degree of need frustration, and concomitant negative outcomes, are likely to be more pronounced in a coaching environment that actively thwarts (vs. is indifferent to) athletes’ needs. In this three-study paper, we outline the conceptual rationale for, the development of, and initial validity evidence for a tripartite (need supportive, thwarting, and indifferent) measure of interpersonal behaviors of coaches (TMIB-C).MethodIn Study 1, we developed 54 candidate items and gathered evidence for their face and content validity with athletes and an expert panel. Competing factor models were tested in Study 2 to determine the best representation of the measure’s factor structure. In Study 3, we tested the replication of such models and the nomological network surrounding the identified factors.ResultsIn Study 2, a 22-item, three-factor structure (supportive, thwarting, and indifferent behaviors) using exploratory structural equation modeling, demonstrated acceptable fit, good standardized factor loadings, factor correlations in the expected directions, and acceptable estimates of internal consistency. This model was replicated in Study 3. Tests of nomological networks showed that as expected, need indifference was a weaker predictor of autonomy and competence need frustration as compared to need thwarting, and the only significant predictor of irrelevant thoughts. Unexpectedly, however, need indifference was also as good as, or a better predictor than need thwarting was of exhaustion and relatedness need frustration, respectively.ConclusionsEvidence supports the TMIB-C as a parsimonious and promising measure of athletes’ perceptions of coach interpersonal behaviors. Our tripartite conceptualization and measure should be further tested in terms of its predictive utility in order to advance conceptual understanding and intervention efforts targeting interpersonal behaviors in sport, and potentially other life domains.
On passion and sports fans: A look at football
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1080/02640410802123185
Abstract: The purpose of the present research was to test the applicability of the Dualistic Model of Passion (Vallerand et al., 2003) to being a sport (football) fan. Three studies provided support for this dualistic conceptualization of passion. Study 1 showed that harmonious passion was positively associated with adaptive behaviours (e.g. celebrate the team's victory), whereas obsessive passion was positively associated with maladaptive behaviours (e.g. risking losing one's job to go to a game). Study 2 used a short Passion Scale and showed that harmonious passion was positively related to the positive affective life of fans during the 2006 FIFA World Cup, psychological health (self-esteem and life satisfaction), and public displays of adaptive behaviours (e.g. celebrate the team's victory into the streets), whereas obsessive passion was predictive of maladaptive affective life (e.g. hating opposing teams' fans) and behaviours (e.g. mocking opposing teams' fans). Finally, Study 3 examined the role of obsessive passion as a predictor of partner's conflict that in turn undermined partner's relationship satisfaction. Overall, the present results provided support for the Dualistic Model of Passion. The conceptual and applied implications of the findings are discussed.
Development and evaluation of a mobile phone application designed to support physically inactive employees to increase walking (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 28-08-2019
Abstract: hysical inactivity is a global health concern. mHealth interventions have become increasingly popular, but to date, principles of effective communication from Self-Determination Theory have not been integrated with behavior change techniques to optimize app effectiveness. e evaluated the usability of the START app, an app combining SDT principles and 17 purposefully chosen BCTs to support inactive office employees to increase their walking during a 16-week randomized controlled trial. We aimed to explore acceptability, engagement with, and effectiveness of the app in supporting behavior change. nsufficiently physically active employees (M age =44.21 ± 10.95 years BMI = 29.02 ± 5.65) were provided access and instructions on use of the app. A mixed methods design was used to evaluate the app, including the User Mobile App Rating Scale, app engagement data, step counts, and in idual interviews. Linear mixed modeling and inductive thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. alkers rated the app quality favorably (M=3.68 out of 5). Frequency of entering step counts (i.e., frequency of self-monitoring) on a weekly basis positively predicted weekly step counts measured via Fitbits at both the between-and within-in idual levels. App features (entering daily step counts, reminders, and motivational messages) were perceived to assist walkers in fostering goal achievement by building competence and via self-monitoring. he START app may be a useful component of walking interventions designed to increase walking in the workplace. Apps designed to promote walking behavior may be more effective if they target users’ self-determined motivation for behavior change and integrate BCTs. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Trial registration number: ACTRN12618000807257 www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12618000807257.aspx
Getting published: Suggestions and strategies from editors of sport and exercise psychology journals
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-03-2020
Protocol for the residents in action pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RiAT): Evaluating a behaviour change intervention to promote walking, reduce sitting and improve mental health in physically inactive older adults in retirement villages
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2017
Adolescent performers' perspectives on mental toughness and its development: The utility of the bioecological model
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 09-2014
Abstract: In light of the extant literature, the aim of the current study was to compare adolescents’ perspectives on mental toughness and its development across performance contexts, and to explore if such perspectives align with Bronfenbrenner’s (2001) bioecological model. Eighteen mentally tough adolescents (9 boys, 9 girls, Mage = 15.6 years) from three performance contexts (i.e., sport, academia, and music) participated in focus groups, 7 of whom also participated in follow-up one-to-one interviews. Inductive analyses revealed that mental toughness was conceptualized by 9 personal characteristics, and that while similar across performance contexts, some difference between previous mental toughness conceptualization and the current study existed. Analyses also revealed that mental toughness development was predicated on significant others, supportive social processes, critical incidents, and curiosity. These findings resonated with the properties of the bioecological model. Future research into how bioecological factors combine to facilitate mental toughness development during critical stages of life was suggested.
Developmental changes in achievement motivation and affect in physical education: Growth trajectories and demographic differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
A review and empirical comparison of motivation scoring methods: An application to self-determination theory
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2020
Managerial predictors and motivational outcomes of workers’ psychological need states profiles: A two-wave examination
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-10-2022
The Psychology of Athletic Endeavor
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-PSYCH-012722-045214
Abstract: A considerable amount of human behavior occurs within the context of sports. In recent years there have been notable advances in psychological science research applied to understanding athletic endeavor. This work has utilized a number of novel theoretical, methodological, and data analytic approaches. We review the current evidence related to developmental considerations, intrapersonal athlete factors, group processes, and the role of the coach in explaining how athletes function within the sport domain. This body of work sheds light on the erse ways in which psychological processes contribute to athletic strivings. It also has the potential to spark interest in domains of psychology concerned with achievement as well as to encourage cross-domain fertilization of ideas.
The social context as a determinant of teacher motivational strategies in physical education
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Goal motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions facilitate strategic goal persistence and disengagement
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12915
Abstract: In three experiments, we examine the role of motives underlying goal pursuit and the metacognitive strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) to predict the strategic use of self‐regulation responses (persistence, disengagement, and reengagement) when faced with attainable, unattainable, or multiple goals. We trained half of the participants to use MCII and treated the rest as control. Experiment 1 ( N = 261) underscored the role of autonomous motivation in nurturing adaptive cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms, which facilitated persistence and progress with a difficult but attainable goal. In contrast, controlled motives undermined striving by predicting threat appraisals and giving up coping. MCII training ameliorated the negative impact of controlled motivation on goal striving by reducing threat appraisals. In Experiment 2 ( N = 391), we manipulated the task to make the initial goal unattainable. Strategic goal striving (disengagement from the unattainable goal followed by reengagement with an alternative goal) was facilitated by MCII and autonomous goal motives, and culminated in increases in positive affect. In Experiment 3 ( N = 432), we extended these findings to a multiple‐goal setting. The research further develops the literatures on self‐regulation and self‐determination, while having implications for life domains where in iduals pursue multiple and/or difficult goals.
The goose is (half) cooked: A consideration of the mechanisms and interpersonal context is needed to elucidate the effects of personal financial incentives on health behaviour
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-013-9317-Y
Abstract: While we agree that personal financial incentives (PFIs) may have some utility in public health interventions to motivate people in the uptake and persistence of health behaviour, we disagree with some of the sentiments outlined by Lynagh et al. (Int J Behav Med 20:114-120, 2012). Specifically, we feel that the article gives a much stronger impression that PFIs will likely lead to long-term behaviour change once the incentive has been removed than is warranted by current research. This claim has not received strong empirical support nor is it grounded in psychological theory on the role of incentives and motivation. We also feel that the presentation of some of the tenets of self-determination theory by the authors is misleading. Based on self-determination theory, we propose that PFIs, without sufficient consideration of the mechanisms by which external incentives affect motivation and the interpersonal context in which they are presented, are unlikely to lead to persistence in health behaviour once the incentive is removed. We argue that interventions that adopt PFIs as a strategy to promote health-behaviour change should incorporate strategies in the interpersonal context to minimise the undermining effect of the incentives on intrinsic motivation. Interventions should present incentives as informational regarding in iduals' competence rather than as purely contingent on behavioural engagement and emphasise self-determined reasons for pursuing the behaviour.
A review of motivational climate in physical activity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1999
Abstract: Here we provide, within a social-cognitive framework, a critical review of research on the motivational impact of different psychological climates in physical activity. Motivational, cognitive, affective and behavioural outcomes are considered in sport, school physical education and exercise. We first review laboratory and field studies that tried to manipulate the perceived structures of motivational environments and to examine the subsequent outcomes on participants' cognitive and affective responses. Then we discuss studies influenced by the work of Ames in classroom settings and involving questionnaires to measure in iduals' perceptions of 'motivational climates'. The impact of mastery and performance climates on various indices of motivation is narratively reviewed, and statistically estimated effect sizes from 14 studies (n = 4484) are presented as supporting evidence. We conclude that a mastery motivational climate is associated with more adaptive motivational patterns, while a performance climate is linked with less adaptive or maladaptive motivational and affective responses. Future research should determine the personal and situational variables that can moderate the impact of such relationships. Furthermore, a broader perspective is proposed, to understand the creation of perceived motivational climates, which is based on the integration of political, cultural, coaching and parental influences.
Expanding autonomy psychological need states from two (satisfaction, frustration) to three (dissatisfaction): A classroom-based intervention study.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1037/EDU0000306
Evolution of physical activity habits after a context change: The case of COVID‐19 lockdown
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12524
Abstract: Habits, defined as well‐learned associations between cues and behaviours, are essential for health‐related behaviours, including physical activity (PA). Despite the sensitivity of habits to context changes, little remains known about the influence of a context change on the interplay between PA habits and behaviours. We investigated the evolution of PA habits amidst the spring COVID‐19 lockdown, a major context change. Moreover, we examined the association of PA behaviours and autonomous motivation with this evolution. Three‐wave observational longitudinal design. PA habits, behaviours, and autonomous motivation were collected through online surveys in 283 French and Swiss participants. Variables were self‐reported with reference to three time‐points: before‐, mid‐, and end‐lockdown. Mixed effect modelling revealed a decrease in PA habits from before‐ to mid‐lockdown, especially among in iduals with strong before‐lockdown habits. Path analysis showed that before‐lockdown PA habits were not associated with mid‐lockdown PA behaviours (β = −.02, p = .837), while mid‐lockdown PA habits were positively related to end‐lockdown PA behaviours (β = .23, p = .021). Autonomous motivation was directly associated with PA habits ( p s .001) and withto before‐ and mid‐lockdown PA behaviours ( p s .001) (but not with end‐lockdown PA behaviours) and did not moderate the relations between PA behaviours and habits ( p s .072). PA habits were altered, and their influence on PA behaviours was impeded during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Engagement in PA behaviours and autonomous motivation helped in counteracting PA habits disruption.
An Internet-supported Physical Activity Intervention Delivered in Secondary Schools Located in Low Socio-economic Status Communities: Study Protocol for the Activity and Motivation in Physical Educati
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
A Test of Self‐Determination Theory in the Exercise Domain
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2006
Qualitative investigation of perceived barriers to and enablers of sport participation for young people with first episode psychosis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.12854
Abstract: The aim and objective of the study was building on a previous call for the development of sport-based life skills interventions for young people with first episode of psychosis (FEP) (Brooke, Lin, Ntoumanis, & Gucciardi, 2018), to explore the barriers and enablers to sport participation for young people with FEP. We used a semi-structured interview format to conduct one-to-one interviews with young people (aged 16-25 n = 10) with FEP, and one-to-one interviews and focus groups with their clinicians (n = 33). Questions focused on barriers and facilitators (intrapersonal, interpersonal, psychological, environment, health/safety, logistical) to sport participation young people with FEP. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Four themes (and 11 sub-themes) emerged from the analysis: (a) the need for sport in FEP recovery (perceived benefits resource gap) (b) barriers (logistical psychological) (c) enablers (positive environmental expectations and experiences) and (d) programme design (sport programme/type life skills training application to barriers/enablers). The participants responded favourably to the idea of using sport to promote recovery post-FEP, and provided an insight into why sport is currently underutilized within FEP recovery efforts. The barriers, enablers, and specific suggestions for how to limit the barriers and strengthen the enablers are valuable for sport-based intervention design, and may be applicable to non-sport-based interventions for people with FEP.
Comparing dichotomous and trichotomous approaches to achievement goal theory: An example using motivational regulations as outcome variables
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2007
Abstract: It is commonly assumed that there is conceptual equivalence between the task and ego achievement goals proposed by Nicholl's (1989) dichotomous achievement goal theory (Nicholls, 1989), and the mastery and performance approach goals advanced by Elliot’s (1997) trichotomous hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Our study examined whether this conceptual equivalence is reflected in measurement equivalence by examining the factorial structure and predictive validity of two established questionnaires that assess achievement goals based on Nicholl's and Elliot's approaches to achievement motivation. Greek adolescents (N = 336, M age = 13.45 years, SD = 1.04). The participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (Duda & Nicholls, 1992), the Approach – Avoidance Achievement Goals Questionnaire (Elliot & Church, 1997) and a Physical Education (PE) version of the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Goudas, Biddle, & Fox, 1994). Confirmatory factor analyses of a number of competing models showed that a model with five correlated independent factors had the best fit. This finding suggests that the goals measured by the two achievement goal questionnaires are related, although independent constructs. However, hierarchical regression analyses predicting regulatory styles in PE showed quite a substantial overlap between the mastery and performance approach goals proposed by Elliot (1997), and the task and ego goals, respectively, advanced by Nicholls (1989). Taken together, our results indicate that the self-referenced and comparative¹ goals of the TEOSQ and AAGQ are substantially related, to the extent that they have minimal unique predictive validity however, they are not identical constructs.
Personal and Psychosocial Predictors of Doping Use in Physical Activity Settings: A Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-014-0240-4
Abstract: There is a growing body of empirical evidence on demographic and psychosocial predictors of doping intentions and behaviors utilizing a variety of variables and conceptual models. However, to date there has been no attempt to quantitatively synthesize the available evidence and identify the strongest predictors of doping. Using meta-analysis, we aimed to (i) determine effect sizes of psychological (e.g. attitudes) and social-contextual factors (e.g. social norms), and demographic (e.g. sex and age) variables on doping intentions and use (ii) examine variables that moderate such effect sizes and (iii) test a path analysis model, using the meta-analyzed effect sizes, based on variables from the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Articles were identified from online databases, by contacting experts in the field, and searching the World Anti-Doping Agency website. Studies that measured doping behaviors and/or doping intentions, and at least one other demographic, psychological, or social-contextual variable were included. We identified 63 independent datasets. Study information was extracted by using predefined data fields and taking into account study quality indicators. A random effects meta-analysis was carried out, correcting for s ling and measurement error, and identifying moderator variables. Path analysis was conducted on a subset of studies that utilized the TPB. Use of legal supplements, perceived social norms, and positive attitudes towards doping were the strongest positive correlates of doping intentions and behaviors. In contrast, morality and self-efficacy to refrain from doping had the strongest negative association with doping intentions and behaviors. Furthermore, path analysis suggested that attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy to refrain from doping predicted intentions to dope and, indirectly, doping behaviors. Various meta-analyzed effect sizes were based on a small number of studies, which were correlational in nature. This is a limitation of the extant literature. This review identifies a number of important correlates of doping intention and behavior, many of which were measured via self-reports and were drawn from an extended TPB framework. Future research might benefit from embracing other conceptual models of doping behavior and adopting experimental methodologies that will test some of the identified correlates in an effort to develop targeted anti-doping policies and programs.
Developmental trajectories of motivation in physical education: Course, demographic differences, and antecedents.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1037/A0014696
Acceptability of Self-Management Group Education to Reduce Fear of Hypoglycemia as a Barrier to Physical Activity in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Mixed Methods Approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCJD.2021.04.008
Abstract: Mixed methods were used to evaluate a group self-management education intervention to address type 1 diabetes (T1D)-specific barriers to physical activity (PA). We evaluated the acceptability of study resources and procedures. Consenting participants from a quantitative evaluation (n=70) were invited to participate in 1 of 5 focus groups. Interviews explored the acceptability of procedures across the randomized controlled trial schedule, acceptability of the intervention/control workshops and resources and the perceived effectiveness of the intervention/control on participant outcomes. The use and helpfulness of intervention take-home resources, Facebook data and fidelity coding were also examined to inform other aspects of intervention acceptability. Twenty-one focus group participants from control or intervention arms participated in 1 of the 5 focus groups. Participants were 46±10 years of age about half were female and had been living with T1D for 23±16 years. Study procedures were widely accepted however, randomization and some aspects of the questionnaire were of concern to a small number of participants. Group education was acceptable and preferred, but participants expressed ambivalence toward the private Facebook group. Control participants indicated that basic information on PA guidelines and hypoglycemia risk are not currently being provided in standard care. Fidelity assessment confirmed the intervention was delivered consistently and was facilitated using behaviours and communication skills based on social cognitive theory. Future definitive evaluation of this promising intervention should utilize a blinded randomized controlled trial study design. Alterations to the control workshop are required to better reflect standard care in Australia. Our qualitative findings suggest that group education can be an acceptable and preferred method of education in T1D management for PA.
Autonomy support and control in weight management: What important others do and say matters
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-06-2013
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12054
Abstract: Drawing from self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002, Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3-33). Rochester, NY: The University of Rochester Press.), we examined how in iduals' psychological needs, motivation, and behaviours (i.e., physical activity and eating) associated with weight management could be predicted by perceptions of their important others' supportive and controlling behaviours. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 235 participants (mean age = 27.39 years, SD = 8.96 years) completed an online questionnaire. Statistical analyses showed that when important others were perceived to be more supportive, participants reported higher levels of more optimal forms of motivation for weight management, which in turn predicted more physical activity and healthy eating behaviours. In contrast, when important others were perceived to be controlling, participants reported higher levels of less optimal forms of motivation, which in turn predicted less physical activity and healthy eating behaviours, as well as more unhealthy eating behaviours. Significant indirect effects were also found from perceived support and control from important others to physical activity and eating behaviours, all in the expected directions. The findings support the importance of important others providing support and refraining from controlling behaviours in order to facilitate motivation and behaviours conducive to successful weight management. What is already known on this subject? Autonomy support is related to basic need satisfaction and autonomous motivation in the context of weight management. In turn, these variables are related to adaptive outcomes for weight management. What does this study add? Measurement of perceived controlling behaviours by important others. Measurement of perceived need thwarting. Structural model on how important others affect weight management behaviours of the in idual.
A Step-by-Step Guide to SPSS for Sport and Exercise Studies
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 02-09-2003
Measuring student motivation for physical education: Examining the psychometric properties of the Perceived Locus of Causality Questionnaire and the Situational Motivation Scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Autonomous Motivation Promotes Goal Attainment through the Conscious Investment of Effort, but Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions Makes Goal Striving Easier
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 29-12-2022
Abstract: People with autonomous motives (e.g., personal importance) may use automated strategies to effortlessly sustain goal-directed behavior and overcome obstacles. We investigated whether conscious effort, ease of goal striving, physiological effort, and the number of obstacles encountered mediate relations between motives and goal attainment for a competitive cycling goal. Additionally, half the participants (n=57) were trained in Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) – a technique that facilitates development of goal-directed behavior – with remaining participants (n=54) treated as controls. Conscious investment of effort mediated relations between autonomous motives and goal attainment. Subjective ease of goal striving and physiological effort did not. This result indicates that successful goal striving is not perceived as effortless for autonomously motivated in iduals working on competitive goals. Conversely, MCII predicted a reduction in obstacles, which in turn was associated with easier goal striving but not goal attainment. Although MCII did not support goal attainment in the current study, its ability to minimize the influence of obstacles may still be useful for other types of goals or for sustaining long-term goal pursuit.
Holding on to the Goal or Letting It Go and Moving On? A Tripartite Model of Goal Striving
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-09-2018
Abstract: Recent findings challenge the widely held motto of “never give up” in goal striving. There are situations in which it is of strategic interest to abandon an important goal and allocate resources to an alternative goal. The ability to realize whether a goal is attainable or not (and therefore the ability to make the “right choice” between goal persistence and goal disengagement or reengagement) is influenced by at least two key motivational factors: motivation for goal striving and a self-regulatory technique called mental contrasting with implementation intentions. The interplay between these two factors is as yet unexplored but holds promise for several conceptual and practical advancements in understanding the pursuit of challenging life goals. To this end, we propose a tripartite model of goal striving that integrates goal motivation and goal regulation.
Adherence and well-being in overweight and obese patients referred to an exercise on prescription scheme: A self-determination theory perspective
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
A Three-Wave Longitudinal Test of Self-Determination Theory’s Mediation Model of Engagement and Disaffection in Youth Sport
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2016
Abstract: Research adopting self-determination theory (SDT) supports a mediation model whereby coach motivational styles (autonomy support and interpersonal control) predict athletes’ engagement and disaffection in youth sport via the satisfaction and frustration of psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Our study extends this research by examining SDT’s mediation model longitudinally with three waves of data. Two hundred fifty-two youth sports participants ( M age = 12.98 SD = 1.84 range = 11–17 female n = 67) completed measures of study variables at the start, middle, and end of a competitive soccer season. Cross-lagged path analyses revealed that associations between the two coach motivational styles and athletes’ engagement were mediated by psychological need satisfaction. Furthermore, a positive reciprocal association between psychological need satisfaction and engagement emerged over time. This study therefore supports the temporal assumptions underpinning SDT’s mediation model but, importantly, evidences a mutually reinforcing interplay between athletes’ psychological needs and their engaged behavior.
Peer motivational climate in youth sport: a qualitative inquiry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
Feasibility and preliminary effects of a peer-led motivationally-embellished workplace walking intervention
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Is sport an untapped resource for recovery from first episode psychosis? A narrative review and call to action
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.12720
Abstract: The objective of this narrative review is to address the question: Should sport-based life skills interventions be developed for young people recovering from first episode psychosis? A prose was developed through a broad, critical narrative review of literatures on (1) first episode psychosis recovery (FEP) and (2) life skills and sport, highlighting the conceptual (and limited empirical) links between the two. This style of review allowed for a critical examination of evidence from seemingly distinct literatures to address a question yet to be explored empirically. The review process highlighted important overlaps between psychosis recovery and sport. A review of the FEP recovery literature reveals that important components of an in idual's recovery following a psychotic episode are: (1) physical activity, (2) opportunities to build life skills, and (3) social connectivity. A review of the sport and life skills literature suggests that sport can be a powerful platform from which to: (1) promote physical activity, (2) teach life skills, and (3) foster social connectivity within vulnerable populations. Despite the clear links between the two fields, mental health interventions that combine both life skills training components and physical activity in a context that promotes social connectivity are scarce to none. We suggest that sport-based interventions could be an opportunity to provide life skills training, social connectivity and physical activity opportunities in one intervention to in iduals recovering from their first psychotic episode. We call for their development, and provide empirically-based recommendations for intervention design.
Do exerciser weight status and perceived motivation predict instructors’ motivation and beliefs about the exerciser? A test of motivation contagion effects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2018.05.001
Abstract: We examined how fitness professionals' perceptions of a hypothetical exerciser's motivation and weight status impacted the professionals' motivation to instruct, perceived effectiveness of different interpersonal behaviors toward the exerciser, and beliefs about the exerciser's efficacy to overcome barriers to exercise. Results of a 2 (autonomous vs. controlled exerciser motivation) x 2 (normal weight vs. overweight exerciser) between-subjects experimental design showed that fitness professionals (N = 134) were more autonomously motivated to instruct, perceived autonomy-supportive behaviors as more effective, and had stronger beliefs regarding the exerciser's efficacy when the exerciser was portrayed as having autonomous motivation, compared to controlled motivation. Fitness professionals reported higher levels of controlled motivation to instruct and perceived controlling behaviors as more effective when presented with the overweight exerciser, compared to the normal weight exerciser. Our findings suggest that perceptions of exercisers' motivation and body weight can influence fitness professionals' interactions with and beliefs about their clients.
Linking Narcissism, Motivation, and Doping Attitudes in Sport: A Multilevel Investigation Involving Coaches and Athletes
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2016
Abstract: Research on coaching (Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, 2009) has shown that coaches can display controlling behaviors that have detrimental effects on athletes’ basic psychological needs and quality of sport experiences. The current study extends this literature by considering coach narcissism as a potential antecedent of coaches’ controlling behaviors. Further, the study tests a model linking coaches’ ( n = 59) own reports of narcissistic tendencies with athletes’ ( n = 493) perceptions of coach controlling behaviors, experiences of need frustration, and attitudes toward doping. Multilevel path analysis revealed that coach narcissism was directly and positively associated with athletes’ perceptions of controlling behaviors and was indirectly and positively associated with athletes’ reports of needs frustration. In addition, athletes’ perceptions of coach behaviors were positively associated—directly and indirectly—with attitudes toward doping. The findings advance understanding of controlling coach behaviors, their potential antecedents, and their associations with athletes’ attitudes toward doping.
Communication Skills Training for Practitioners to Increase Patient Adherence to Home-Based Rehabilitation for Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2017.02.025
Abstract: To assess the effect of an intervention designed to enhance physiotherapists' communication skills on patients' adherence to recommendations regarding home-based rehabilitation for chronic low back pain. Cluster randomized controlled trial. Publicly funded physiotherapy clinics. A s le (N=308) of physiotherapists (n=53) and patients with chronic low back pain (n=255 54% female patients mean age, 45.3y). Patients received publicly funded in idual physiotherapy care. In the control arm, care was delivered by a physiotherapist who had completed a 1-hour workshop on evidence-based chronic low back pain management. Patients in the experimental arm received care from physiotherapists who had also completed 8 hours of communication skills training. (1) Patient-reported adherence to their physiotherapists' recommendations regarding home-based rehabilitation measured at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the initial treatment session. (2) Pain and pain-related function measured at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. A linear mixed model analysis revealed that the experimental arm patients' ratings of adherence were higher than those of controls (overall mean difference, .41 95% confidence interval, .10-.72 d=.28 P=.01). Moderation analyses revealed that men, regardless of the intervention, showed improvements in pain-related function over time. Only women in the experimental arm showed functional improvements female controls showed little change in function over time. The Communication Style and Exercise Compliance in Physiotherapy intervention did not influence patients' pain, regardless of their sex. Communication skills training for physiotherapists had short-term positive effects on patient adherence. This training may provide a motivational basis for behavior change and could be a useful component in complex interventions to promote adherence. Communication skills training may also improve some clinical outcomes for women, but not for men.
Contextual and Situational Motivation in Education: A Test of the Specificity Hypothesis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1177/1356336X03009001177
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to test the specificity hypothesis in the area of education. This hypothesis is derived from Vallerand’shierarchical model of motivation and argues that situational motivation towards a specific activity should be mainly influenced by contextual motivation towards this activity, and not so much by contextual motivation towards a non-related activity. Furthermore, comparative differences in self-determination between physical education (PE) and classroombased education were examined. Participants were 102 British pupils aged between 12 and 14 years who reported their contextual motivation towards PE and classroom-based education. A month later, these pupils also reported their situationalmotivation toward a PE lesson and a science lesson (physics). Results from regression analyses offered full support to the specificity hypothesis. Furthermore, comparisons of self-determination levels showed that pupils were more self-determined in PE than in the classroom at both the contextual and situational levels. The specificity effect indicates that motivation at school is a multidimensional construct and, therefore, interventions to promote motivation should target each aspect of schooling independently.
Narcissism, beliefs about controlling interpersonal style, and moral disengagement in sport coaches
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-11-2018
The role of motivation to eat in the prediction of weight control behaviors in female and male adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2009.03.001
Abstract: To examine whether motivation to eat variables predict changes in dieting and weight control behaviors in both gender groups over time. Greek adolescents (n=247), aged 14-18 years, completed questionnaires measuring different dimensions of motivation to eat, dieting, healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors. Dieting and weight control behaviors were measured five months later. Compliance motivation positively predicted changes in dieting in males and a number of unhealthy weight control behaviors in females. Coping motivation negatively predicted meal skipping in both genders and was associated with a lower risk of vomiting in females. Social motivation positively predicted eating less high fat food in males while pleasure motivation was associated with a reduced likelihood of eating more fruits and vegetables in females and a reduced risk of fasting in males. Intervention programs designed to facilitate healthy and circumvent unhealthy weight control practices in adolescents should attend to gender differences in motivational factors shown to predict dieting and weight control behaviors. For females it may be important to minimize compliance motivation whereas for males, programs that foster social motivation to eat might be appropriate.
Multiple-goal management: An examination of simultaneous pursuit of a weight-loss goal with another goal
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-05-2013
Abstract: This study investigated the characteristics contributing to successful goal attainment of a weight-loss and a non-weight-loss goal simultaneously. Weight-loss and non-weight-loss goals, self-efficacy, persistence, temptations, intergoal interference and facilitation were measured via an online questionnaire ( N = 103, M age = 25.36 ± 6.9, 80% women). Weight-loss self-efficacy, persistence, temptations and intergoal facilitation significantly predicted weight-loss goal attainment. Those who were more successful in attaining both their goals simultaneously had higher self-efficacy and persistence and experienced less temptation towards both goals. This study provides an insight into the characteristics necessary for successful simultaneous management of a weight-loss goal with another goal.
A Philosophical Debate on the Morality of Doping is Interesting but Beyond the Scope of Our Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-02-2015
Developing self-regulation for dietary temptations: intervention effects on physical, self-regulatory and psychological outcomes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10865-014-9557-6
Abstract: We aimed to investigate whether a self-regulatory skills intervention can improve weight loss-related outcomes. Fifty-five participants (M BMI = 32.60 ± 4.86) were randomized into self-regulation training and advice groups and received two training workshops and weekly practice tasks. The self-regulation training group was trained to use six self-regulatory skills: Delayed gratification, thought control, goal setting, self-monitoring, mindfulness, and coping. The advice group received dietary and physical activity advice for weight loss. Physical, self-regulatory, and psychological measures were taken at baseline, end of intervention (week 8) and at follow-up (week 12). Using intention-to-treat analysis, weight, waist circumference, body fat and body mass index (BMI) were significantly reduced at follow-up for both groups. There were significant increases in all six self-regulatory skills and the psychological measures of self-efficacy, self-regulatory success, and physical self-worth for both groups. Results indicate that self-regulatory skills training might be as effective as dietary and physical activity advice in terms of weight loss and related outcomes.
Psychology of Sport and Exercise: Current status and future aspirations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
How do values influence attitudes and achievement goals? Relationships among values, achievement orientations and attitudes in youth sport
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 04-12-2013
How important are ethical attitudes? Development of the Attitudes to Moral Decision-making in Youth Sport Questionnaire
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 04-12-2013
Beware of your teaching style: A school-year long investigation of controlling teaching and student motivational experiences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Organized Activities As Contexts of Development
Publisher: Psychology Press
Date: 23-03-2005
Prioritizing intentions on the margins: Effects of marginally higher prioritization strategies on physical activity participation
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Previous research documented that “extremely high prioritization” strategies that involved allocation of all resources for time or energy on pursuing goals related to leisure-time physical activity and none of available resources on competing behavioral goals were optimal in terms of yielding highest levels of participation in physical activities. This study examined whether a “marginally higher prioritization” strategy that involved an intention to invest large but slightly more resources on physical activity than competing behaviors was optimal. In addition, we examined whether linear and quadratic models supported different conclusions about optimal prioritizations strategies. Response surface analyses of a quadratic model revealed that marginally higher prioritization was the most effective strategy. In addition, a linear regression model led us to incorrectly reject a “simultaneous goal pursuit” strategy in favor of an extremely high prioritization strategy. Findings suggest that prioritization strategies that “garner” low opportunity costs are the most optimal.
Postnatal Exercise Partners Study (PEEPS): a pilot randomized trial of a dyadic physical activity intervention for postpartum mothers and a significant other
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2021
Relationship of Intensity and Direction of Competitive Anxiety with Coping Strategies
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 12-2000
DOI: 10.1123/TSP.14.4.360
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to examine how coping strategies in sport relate to differences in levels of anxiety intensity and to the interpretation of these levels as being facilitative or debilitative to performance. British university athletes were asked to recall a recent stressful situation in their sport, the coping strategies they used, and the intensity and direction of their anxiety symptoms. Results showed that perceptions of facilitative cognitive anxiety were related to the use of problem-focused coping. High levels of cognitive anxiety intensity were related to emotion-focused coping and avoidance coping. With regard to somatic anxiety, there was a significant interaction between the intensity and direction dimensions in that similar high levels of anxiety intensity were related to different coping strategies, depending on whether somatic anxiety was perceived to be facilitative or debilitative. From a practical point of view, the results show that athletes with positive perceptions of their anxiety level are able to use effective coping strategies. Lastly, suggestions are offered for further exploration of the nature of the interrelationship between coping strategies and anxiety.
Motivational climate, goal orientation, perceived sport ability, and enjoyment within F innish junior ice hockey players
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2015
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.12410
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relations among situational motivational climate, dispositional approach and avoidance achievement goals, perceived sport ability, and enjoyment in Finnish male junior ice hockey players. The s le comprised 265 junior B-level male players with a mean age of 17.03 years (SD = 0.63). Players filled questionnaires tapping their perceptions of coach motivational climate, achievement goals, perceived sport ability, and enjoyment. For the statistical analysis, players were ided into high and low perceived sport ability groups. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed an indirect path from task-involving motivational climate via task-approach goal to enjoyment. Additionally, SEM demonstrated four other direct associations, which existed in both perceived ability groups: from ego-involving motivational climate to ego-approach and ego-avoidance goals from ego-approach goal to ego-avoidance goal and from task-avoidance goal to ego-avoidance goal. Additionally, in the high perceived sport ability group, there was an association from task-involving motivational climate to enjoyment. The results of this study reveal that motivational climate emphasizing effort, personal development and improvement, and achievement goal mastering tasks are significant elements of enjoyment in junior ice hockey.
Dimensionality, Invariance, and Nomological Network of the Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (NSFS): An Extensive Psychometric Investigation in a Swedish Work Cohort
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-09-2023
Adaptation and Validation of the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale in Spanish Physical Education Teachers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2015.56
Abstract: Drawing from self-determination theory (SDT Deci & Ryan, 1985 Ryan & Deci, 2002), the aim of the study was to adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS Bartholomew, Ntoumanis, Ryan, & Thørgersen-Ntoumani, 2011) in the educational domain. Psychological need thwarting and burnout were assessed in 619 physical education teachers from several high schools in Spain. Overall, the adapted measure demonstrated good content, factorial (χ 2 / gl = 4.87, p .01, CFI = .95, IFI = .96, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .08, SRMR = .05), and external validity, as well as internal consistency (α ≥ .81) and invariance across gender. Moreover, burnout was strongly predicted by teachers’ perceptions of competence (β = .53, p ≤ .01), autonomy (β = .34, p ≤ .01), and relatedness (β = .31, p ≤ .01) need thwarting. In conclusion, these results support the Spanish version of the PNTS as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the understudied concept of psychological need thwarting in teachers.
Effective Peer Leader Attributes for the Promotion of Walking in Older Adults
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-04-2020
Abstract: Peer-led interventions are promising for the promotion of physical activity behavior in older adults. However, little is known about the attributes of effective older peer leaders in such intervention programs. The objective was to determine what older adults perceive to be effective peer leader attributes. A mixed-methods concurrent triangulation design was used. Participants, aged 60 years and older, were recruited from retirement villages and existing walking groups in Western Australia. They were predominantly white, Australian-born, female, healthy retirees. The s le consisted of four groups of older adults: those who had taken part in past peer-led walking programs (experienced walkers n = 18), those interested in joining as walkers in a peer-led walking intervention (inexperienced walkers n = 43), those interested to take on a peer leader role (inexperienced peer leaders n = 25), and those who had already served as peer leaders (experienced peer leaders n = 15). Questionnaires measured perceived effective leadership attributes, and physical activity was measured using ActivPAL devices (N = 101 Mage [SD] = 75.36 [7.59]). Semistructured interviews were conducted with the majority of participants (N = 68 Mage [SD] = 74.68 [7.78]). Overall, participants described an effective peer leader as optimistic, compassionate, and friendly, but differences in perceptions were apparent between the groups. Our findings advance knowledge about important characteristics of an effective older peer leader, which can inform peer leader training, recruitment of peer leaders, and future scale development.
Effect of a Self-Determination Theory–Based Communication Skills Training Program on Physiotherapists' Psychological Support for Their Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Tria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2014.11.007
Abstract: To examine the effects of communication skills training on physiotherapists' supportive behavior during clinical practice. Randomized trial. Hospital outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Physiotherapists (N=24) and patients (N=24) with chronic low back pain. Two hospital clinics were randomly assigned to the intervention arm. Physiotherapists (n=12) received 8 hours of communication skills training focused on supporting patients' psychological needs. Physiotherapists (n=12) from 2 other hospital clinics formed a waitlist control arm. Verbal communication between each physiotherapist and a patient was recorded on an audiotape, and independent, blinded raters used the Health Care Climate Questionnaire to assess physiotherapists' needs-supportive behavior (primary outcome). Independent raters' Health Care Climate Questionnaire scores favored the intervention arm (Cohen's d=2.27 P<.01). Compared with controls, independent ratings demonstrated that physiotherapists who completed the Communication style and exercise compliance in physiotherapy training were found to provide greater support for patients' needs in a single assessed session. Long-term maintenance of this needs-supportive behavior should be examined.
Autonomous motivation promotes goal attainment through the conscious investment of effort, but mental contrasting with implementation intentions makes goal striving easier
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2023
Communication style and exercise compliance in physiotherapy (CONNECT). A cluster randomized controlled trial to test a theory-based intervention to increase chronic low back pain patients’ adherence
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2012
Examining Exercise Dependence Symptomatology from a Self-determination Perspective
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2006
Abstract: Background Pulling from Self-Determination Theory (SDT Deci & Ryan, 1985), this study examined whether in iduals classified as ‘nondependent-symptomatic’ and ‘nondependent-asymptomatic’ for exercise dependence differed in terms of reported levels of exercise-related psychological need satisfaction, self-determined versus controlling motivation and exercise behavior. In addition, we examined the type of motivational regulations predicting exercise behavior among these different groups, and their role as mediators between psychological need satisfaction and behavioral outcomes. Methods Participants ( N = 339) completed measures of exercise-specific psychological need satisfaction, motivational regulations, exercise behavior and exercise dependence. Results Nondependent-symptomatic in iduals reported higher levels of competence need satisfaction and all forms of motivational regulation, compared to nondependent-asymptomatic in iduals. Introjected regulation approached significance as a positive predictor of strenuous exercise behavior for symptomatic in iduals. Identified regulation was a positive predictor of strenuous exercise, and completely mediated the relationship between competence need satisfaction and strenuous exercise behavior, for asymptomatic in iduals. Conclusions The findings reinforce the applicability of SDT to understanding the quantity and quality of engagement in exercise.
Need-supportive professional development in elementary school physical education: Effects of a cluster-randomized control trial on teachers’ motivating style and student physical activity.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000119
Putting self-determination theory into practice: application of adaptive motivational principles in the exercise domain
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-07-2017
Narcissism and coach interpersonal style: A self‐determination theory perspective
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.12635
Predicting the brighter and darker sides of interpersonal relationships: Does psychological need thwarting matter?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-09-2014
Barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in adults living with type 1 diabetes: a systematic scoping review
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 02-2021
Abstract: To identify and map barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) in adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in any care setting or environment. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to address the aim of this review. Exclusion/inclusion criteria were determined a priori. Articles captured in the search were subject to title and abstract screening before full-text articles were assessed for eligibility against the exclusion/inclusion criteria. Included articles underwent critical appraisal before being charted, mapped, and discussed. Forty-six articles were included in the final synthesis. Most commonly, articles reported cross-sectional survey studies (46%), then qualitative designs (17%), and opinion or text (17%). Experimental studies accounted for 13% of included articles. Hypoglycaemia/fear of hypoglycaemia was the most commonly reported barrier and patient education the most commonly discussed facilitator. Quality appraisal revealed methodological issues among included articles. Higher quality research with theoretically sound behaviour-change interventions combined with targeted patient education is needed to address hypoglycaemia/fear of hypoglycaemia as a barrier to PA. Novelty: Hypoglycaemia and fear of hypoglycaemia were the most commonly reported barriers to PA in adults with T1D. Powered randomised controlled trials are required to establish efficacy of behaviour change interventions targeting these barriers to PA.
Teacher motivational strategies and student self-determination in physical education.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2007
Self-reported measurements of physical literacy in adults: a scoping review
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-058351
Abstract: Physical literacy (PL) is a comprehensive concept covering motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding of in iduals’ physical activity throughout life. PL has three overlapping domains, such as: an affective, a physical and a cognitive domain. So far, PL has not been measured in the adults and no complete measurement has been developed to date. The aim of this scoping review was to review existing self-reported instruments measuring different elements of domains of PL. We reviewed Education Research Complete, Cochrane, Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Studies were coded using a thematic framework, which was based on the three domains of PL. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) age groups between 18 and 60 years (2) meta-analyses, reviews or quantitative studies focusing on the measurement of at least one of the three domains of PL and (3) instrument that was self-reported. We finalised search on 1 August 2021 In total, 67 articles were identified as studies describing instruments reflecting the three domains of PL. Following full-text reading, 21 articles that met our inclusion criteria were included. Several instruments of relevance to PL are available for assessing motivation, confidence and the physical domain. However, few instruments exist that measure elements of the cognitive domain. This review showed that a range of existing and validated instruments exists, covering two out of the three domains of PL, namely affective and physical domains. However, for the knowledge domain no valid measurement tools could be found. This scoping review has identified gaps in the research (namely the cognitive domain) and also a gap in the research as no measures that consider the inter-relatedness of the three domains (holistic nature of the concept).
A longitudinal examination of coach and peer motivational climates in youth sport: Implications for moral attitudes, well-being, and behavioral investment.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1037/A0024934
Abstract: Embedded in achievement goal theory (Ames, 1992 Meece, Anderman, & Anderman, 2006), this study examined how perceptions of coach and peer motivational climate in youth sport predicted moral attitudes, emotional well-being, and indices of behavioral investment in a s le of British adolescents competing in regional leagues. We adopted a longitudinal perspective, taking measures at the middle and the end of a sport season, as well as at the beginning of the following season. Multilevel modeling analyses showed that perceptions of task-involving peer and coach climates were predictive of more adaptive outcomes than were perceptions of ego-involving peer and coach climates. Predictive effects differed as a function of time and outcome variable under investigation. The results indicate the importance of considering peer influence in addition to coach influence when examining motivational climate in youth sport.
“It’s Better Together”: A Nested Longitudinal Study Examining the Benefits of Walking Regularly With Peers Versus Primarily Alone in Older Adults
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2021
Abstract: The authors examined whether purposeful walking with peers at least once a week contributes to better behavioral and health outcomes in older adults than primarily walking alone. The authors used a longitudinal cohort design and recruited participants aged 60 years and older ( N = 136) at the start of a 16-week walking intervention. Participants who walked on average at least once a week in the final 8 weeks of the intervention were included in the analysis ( N = 79 66 females, M age [ SD ] = 77.73 [6.91]). The authors found that autonomous motivation, walking self-efficacy, functional capacity, body fat, and physical activity improved more in the walking with peers group compared with the walking alone group, after controlling for whether participants lived alone/with others and their health status. The results extend current literature by providing longitudinal evidence for the added benefits of regular peer-accompanied walking in older adults and highlight the importance of investing in peer-supported interventions.
Linking coach interpersonal style with Athlete doping intentions and doping use: A prospective study
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2017
Abstract: We brought together various lines of work on motivation, morality, and doping by testing a theory-based model prospectively linking contextual and personal motivational variables, moral attitudes, moral disengagement in doping, doping intentions, and doping use. Participants were 257 Greek athletes who completed a questionnaire pack at the beginning of a sport season. In the case of doping use, we also obtained data close to the end of the same season. The model showed that perceptions of controlling coach behaviors predicted athlete need frustration, which in turn predicted low moral functioning and doping intentions/doping use. The findings highlight pathways (direct and indirect) by which the social environment may impact on athletes' intentions and decisions to engage in doping and could pave the way for future antidoping interventions aimed at improving coaching interpersonal style.
Weight maintenance: Self-regulatory factors underpinning success and failure
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2013.799162
Abstract: To investigate the differences in the contributing factors involved in weight maintenance success and failure. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with both successful and unsuccessful weight maintainers. Eighteen participants were recruited (16 women), nine of who had lost 10% of their body weight and maintained this weight for a minimum of 12 months (Maintainers), and nine in iduals who met the above criteria for weight loss but had subsequently regained their weight (Regainers). A thematic analysis was employed to compare the differences between the two groups. Two main themes highlighted the differences between the two groups, these were: goal regulation and self-control. Within these overarching themes, successful weight maintenance was related to the following subthemes: long-term, realistic goal setting, consistent use of routines and self-monitoring, avoiding deprivation and effective coping skills. Unsuccessful maintenance was related to short-term unrealistic goal setting, inconsistent routines and self-monitoring, experiencing deprivation and poor coping skills. These factors are explained in terms of the interrelationships that they have on one another and their subsequent impact on weight maintenance success or failure.
Physical Activity in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Challenges in Measurement and Motivation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Psychosocial outcomes of sport participation for middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-11-2021
A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain: effects on motivation, health behavior, physical, and psychological health
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-02-2020
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718529
Abstract: There are no literature reviews that have examined the impact of health-domain interventions, informed by self-determination theory (SDT), on SDT constructs
Predicting subsequent task performance from goal motivation and goal failure
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-07-2015
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