ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4185-9124
Current Organisations
Geoscience Australia
,
Australian National University
,
The University of Canberra
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Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 30-09-1997
DOI: 10.1021/ES970193Z
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG/Datapages
Date: 1992
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1997
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 1999
Publisher: Geoscience Australia
Date: 2020
Abstract: Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment s les. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each s le. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA s les are appropriate for HM analysis (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the s les’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA s les varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA s les will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1995
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2001
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 11-2008
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1007/BF02839858
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-01-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1993
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP23702
Abstract: The Earth’s surface comprises minerals diagnostic of weathering, deposition and erosion. The first continental-scale mineral maps generated from an imaging satellite with spectral bands designed to measure clays, quartz and other minerals were released in 2012 for Australia. Here we show how these satellite mineral maps improve our understanding of weathering, erosional and depositional processes in the context of changing weather, climate and tectonics. The clay composition map shows how kaolinite has developed over tectonically stable continental crust in response to deep weathering during northwardly migrating tropical conditions from 45 to 10 Ma. The same clay composition map, in combination with one sensitive to water content, enables the discrimination of illite from montmorillonite clays that typically develop in large depositional environments over thin (sinking) continental crust such as the Lake Eyre Basin. Cutting across these clay patterns are sandy deserts that developed Ma and are well mapped using another satellite product sensitive to the particle size of silicate minerals. This product can also be used to measure temporal gains/losses of surface clay caused by periodic wind erosion (dust) and rainfall inundation (flood) events. The accuracy and information content of these satellite mineral maps are validated using published data.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-04-2023
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-15-1655-2023
Abstract: Abstract. Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) are useful to trace processes in the Earth sciences as well as in forensic, archaeological, palaeontological, and ecological sciences. As very few large-scale Sr isoscapes exist in Australia, we have identified an opportunity to determine 87Sr/86Sr ratios on archived fluvial sediment s les from the low-density National Geochemical Survey of Australia. The present study targeted the northern parts of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland, north of 21.5∘ S. The s les were taken mostly from a depth of ∼60–80 cm in floodplain deposits at or near the outlet of large catchments (drainage basins). A coarse ( mm) grain-size fraction was air-dried, sieved, milled, and digested (hydrofluoric acid + nitric acid followed by aqua regia) to release total Sr. The Sr was then separated by chromatography, and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio was determined by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate a wide range of Sr isotopic values (0.7048 to 1.0330) over the survey area, reflecting a large ersity of source rock lithologies, geological processes, and bedrock ages. The spatial distribution of 87Sr/86Sr shows coherent (multi-point anomalies and smooth gradients), large-scale ( km) patterns that appear to be broadly consistent with surface geology, regolith/soil type, and/or nearby outcropping bedrock. For instance, the extensive black clay soils of the Barkly Tableland define a km long northwest–southeast-trending unradiogenic anomaly (87Sr/86Sr .7182). Where sedimentary carbonate or mafic/ultramafic igneous rocks dominate, low to moderate 87Sr/86Sr values are generally recorded (medians of 0.7387 and 0.7422, respectively). Conversely, In proximity to the outcropping Proterozoic metamorphic basement of the Tennant, McArthur, Murphy, and Mount Isa geological regions, radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr values ( .7655) are observed. A potential correlation between mineralization and elevated 87Sr/86Sr values in these regions needs to be investigated in greater detail. Our results to date indicate that incorporating soil/regolith Sr isotopes in regional, exploratory geoscience investigations can help identify basement rock types under (shallow) cover, constrain surface processes (e.g. weathering and dispersion), and, potentially, recognize components of mineral systems. Furthermore, the resulting Sr isoscape and future models derived therefrom can also be utilized in forensic, archaeological, palaeontological, and ecological studies that aim to investigate, for ex le, past and modern animal (including humans) dietary habits and migrations. The new spatial Sr isotope dataset for the northern Australia region is publicly available (de Caritat et al., 2022a 0.26186/147473).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2005
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 16-01-2023
Abstract: Abstract. Strontium isotopes (87Sr / 86Sr) are useful in the Earth sciences as well as in forensic, archaeological, palaeontological, and ecological sciences. As very few large-scale Sr isoscapes exist in Australia, we have identified an opportunity to determine 87Sr / 86Sr ratios on archive fluvial sediment s les from the low-density National Geochemical Survey of Australia (www.ga.gov.au/ngsa last access: 15 December 2022). The present study targeted the northern parts of Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland, north of 21.5° S. The s les were taken mostly from a depth of ~60–80 cm in floodplain deposits at or near the outlet of large catchments (drainage basins). A coarse ( 2 mm) grain-size fraction was air-dried, sieved, milled then digested (hydrofluoric acid + nitric acid followed by aqua regia) to release total Sr. The Sr was then separated by chromatography and the 87Sr / 86Sr ratio determined by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Preliminary results demonstrate a wide range of Sr isotopic values (0.7048 to 1.0330) over the survey area, reflecting a large ersity of source rock lithologies, geological processes and bedrock ages. Spatial distribution of 87Sr / 86Sr shows coherent (multi-point anomalies and smooth gradients), large-scale ( 100 km) patterns that appear to be broadly consistent with surface geology, regolith/soil type, and/or nearby outcropping bedrock. For instance, the extensive black clay soils of the Barkly Tableland define a 500 km-long northwest-southeast-trending unradiogenic anomaly (87Sr / 86Sr 0.7182). Where carbonate or mafic igneous rocks dominate, a low to moderate Sr isotope signature is observed. In proximity to the outcropping Proterozoic metamorphic basement of the Tennant, McArthur, Murphy and Mount Isa geological regions, conversely, radiogenic 87Sr / 86Sr values ( 0.7655) are observed. A potential correlation between mineralisation and elevated 87Sr / 86Sr values in these regions needs to be investigated in greater detail. Our results to-date indicate that incorporating soil/regolith Sr isotopes in regional, exploratory geoscience investigations can help identify basement rock types under (shallow) cover, constrain surface processes (e.g. weathering, dispersion), and, potentially, recognise components of mineral systems. Furthermore, the resulting Sr isoscape and future models derived therefrom can also be utilised in forensic, archaeological, paleontological and ecological studies that aim to investigate, e.g., past and modern animal (including humans) dietary habits and migrations. The new spatial Sr isotope dataset for the northern Australia region is publicly available (de Caritat et al., 2022a 0.26186/147473 last access: 15 December 2022).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00477251
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2004.05.031
Abstract: At the end of the northern winter 1996/1997, 21 snow s les were collected from 17 arctic localities in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Svalbard, Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Iceland. Major element concentrations of the filtered (0.45 mum) melted snow indicate that most s les are consistent with a diluted seawater composition. Deviations from this behaviour indicate additional SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-) relative to seawater, suggesting a minor contribution from (probably local) coal combustion emissions (Alaska, Finland, Sweden, Svalbard). The s les with the highest Na and Cl(-) content (Canada, Russia) also have higher Na/SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-)/SO(4)(2-) ratios than seawater, suggesting a slight contamination from (probably local) deicing activities. Local soil or rock dust inputs in the snow are indicated by 'excess' Ca contents (Alaska, Svalbard, Greenland, Sweden). No overall relationship was found between pH (range: 4.6-6.1) and total or non-seasalt SO(4)(2-) (NSS), suggesting that acidification due to long-range transport of SO(2) pollution is not operating on an arctic-wide scale. In a few s les (Alaska, Finland, Sweden, Svalbard), a significant proportion (>50%) of SO(4)(2-) is non-marine in origin. Sources for this non-marine SO(4)(2-) need not all be found in long-range atmospheric transport and more likely sources are local industry (Finland, Sweden), road traffic (Alaska) or minor snow-scooting traffic (one Svalbard locality). A few s les from northern Europe show a relatively weak trend of decreasing pH with increasing NO(3)(-).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1992
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 12-07-2019
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 22-09-2022
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-14-4271-2022
Abstract: Abstract. The values and distribution patterns of the strontium (Sr) isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr in Earth surface materials are of use in the geological, environmental, and social sciences. Ultimately, the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of soils and everything that lives in and on them are inherited from the rocks that are the parent materials of the soil's components. In Australia, there are few large-scale surveys of 87Sr/86Sr available, and here we report on a new, low-density dataset using 112 catchment outlet (floodplain) sediment s les covering 529 000 km2 of inland southeastern Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria). The coarse ( mm) fraction of bottom sediment s les (depth ∼ 0.6–0.8 m) from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia were milled and fully digested before Sr separation by chromatography and 87Sr/86Sr determination by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr values from a minimum of 0.7089 to a maximum of 0.7511 (range 0.0422). The median 87Sr/86Sr (± median absolute deviation) is 0.7199 (± 0.0071), and the mean (± standard deviation) is 0.7220 (± 0.0106). The spatial patterns of the Sr isoscape observed are described and attributed to various geological sources and processes. Of note are the elevated (radiogenic) values (≥∼ 0.7270 top quartile) contributed by (1) the Palaeozoic sedimentary country rock and (mostly felsic) igneous intrusions of the Lachlan geological region to the east of the study area (2) the Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the central Broken Hill region both these sources contribute radiogenic material mainly by fluvial processes and (3) the Proterozoic to Palaeozoic rocks of the Kanmantoo, Adelaide, Gawler, and Painter geological regions to the west of the area these sources contribute radiogenic material mainly by aeolian processes. Regions of low 87Sr/86Sr (≤∼ 0.7130 bottom quartile) belong mainly to (1) a few central Murray Basin catchments (2) some Darling Basin catchments in the northeast and (3) a few Eromanga geological region-influenced catchments in the northwest of the study area these sources contribute unradiogenic material mainly by fluvial processes. The new spatial Sr isotope dataset for the DCD (Darling–Curnamona–Delamerian) region is publicly available (de Caritat et al., 2022 0.26186/146397).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1998
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 03-10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2008.11.007
Abstract: Pb is one of the most widespread and metal pollutants in soil. It is generally concentrated in surface layers with only a minor portion of the total metal found in soil solution. Phytoextraction has been proposed as an inexpensive, sustainable, in situ plant-based technology that makes use of natural hyperaccumulators as well as high biomass producing crops to help rehabilitate soils contaminated with heavy metals without destructive effects on soil properties. The success of phytoextraction is determined by the amount of biomass, concentration of heavy metals in plant, and bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in the rooting medium. In general, metal hyperaccumulators are low biomass, slow growing plant species that are highly metal specific. For some metals such as Pb, there are no hyperaccumulator plant species known to date. Although high biomass-yielding non-hyperaccumulator plants lack an inherent ability to accumulate unusual concentrations of Pb, soil application of chelating agents such as EDTA has been proposed to enhance the metal concentration in above-ground harvestable plant parts through enhancing the metal solubility and translocation from roots to shoots. Leaching of metals due to enhanced mobility during EDTA-assisted phytoextraction has been demonstrated as one of the potential hazards associated with this technology. Due to environmental persistence of EDTA in combination with its strong chelating abilities, the scientific community is moving away from the use of EDTA in phytoextraction and is turning to less aggressive alternative strategies such as the use of organic acids or more degradable APCAs (aminopolycarboxylic acids). We have therefore arrived at a point in phytoremediation research history in which we need to distance ourselves from EDTA as a proposed soil amendment within the context of phytoextraction. However, valuable lessons are to be learned from over a decade of EDTA-assisted phytoremediation research when considering the implementation of more degradable alternatives in assisted phytoextraction practices.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00102-9
Abstract: Frozen topsoil s les (0-5 cm) were collected during March/April 1994 in eight Arctic catchments in northern Europe (four in Russia, three in Finland, one in Norway), at different distances and in different wind directions from the emissions of the Russian mining, roasting and smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Between 14 and 25 sites were s led in each of the eight catchments ranging in size from 12 to 35 km2. Results show that close to the smelters in Monchegorsk and Nikel, topsoil is clearly enriched in Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Te and V. Cu and Ni median contents in topsoils collected close to Monchegorsk are about 600 times higher than in the Finnish catchments. The effect of open-cast mining and waste dumps of alkaline rocks from the nephelinite industry near Kirovsk can be seen in the elevated contents of Al, Ba, K, La, Mn, Na, Sr, Ti, Y and Zn in topsoil collected in a nearby catchment. For many elements, however, variations observed in single catchments are as great as the total regional variation. Several elements (e.g. Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, Pb, S, Zn) show strong positive correlation between the organic content of the s le and the element content observed. Thus it is necessary to determine the organic content of the s les and correct the element levels when using depth-related soil s les (here, the 0-5 cm topsoil layer) for regional mapping.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2011
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 16-01-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1998
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-06-2000
DOI: 10.1021/ES9912933
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 21-07-2009
Publisher: Geoscience Australia
Date: 2021
Abstract: Bulk quantitative mineralogy of regolith is a useful indicator of lithological precursor (protolith), degree of weathering, and soil properties affecting various potential landuse decisions. To date, no national-scale maps of regolith mineralogy are available in Australia. Catchment outlet sediments collected over 80% of the continent as part of the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) afford a unique opportunity to rapidly and cost-effectively determine regolith mineralogy using the archived s le material. This report releases mineralogical data and metadata obtained as part of a feasibility study in a selected pilot area for such a national regolith mineralogy database and atlas. The area chosen for this study is within the Darling-Curnamona-Delamerian (DCD) region of southeastern Australia. The DCD region was selected as a ‘deep- e’ data acquisition and analysis by the Exploration for the Future (2020-2024) federal government initiative managed at Geoscience Australia. One hundred NGSA sites from the DCD region were prepared for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, which consisted of qualitative mineral identification of the bulk s les (i.e., ‘major’ minerals), qualitative clay mineral identification of the µm grain-size fraction, and quantitative analysis of both ‘major’ and clay minerals of the bulk s le. The identified mineral phases were quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, dolomite, gypsum, halite, hematite, goethite, rutile, zeolite, hibole, talc, kaolinite, illite (including muscovite and biotite), palygorskite (including interstratified illite-smectite and vermiculite), smectite (including interstratified illite-smectite), vermiculite, and chlorite. Poorly diffracting material (PDM) was also quantified and reported as ‘amorphous’. Mineral identification relied on the EVA® software, whilst quantification was performed using Siroquant®. Resulting mineral abundances are reported with a Chi-squared goodness-of-fit between the actual diffractogram and a modelled diffractogram for each s le, as well as an estimated standard error (esd) measurement of uncertainty for each mineral phase quantified. Sensitivity down to 0.1 wt% (weight percent) was achieved, with any mineral detection below that threshold reported as ‘trace’. Although detailed interpretation of the mineralogical data is outside the remit of the present data release, preliminary observations of mineral abundance patterns suggest a strong link to geology, including proximity to fresh bedrock, weathering during sediment transport, and robust relationships between mineralogy and geochemistry. The mineralogical data generated by this study are presented in Appendix A of this report and are downloadable as a .csv file. Mineral abundance or presence/absence maps are shown in Appendices B and C to document regional mineralogical patterns.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1998
Publisher: Society for Sedimentary Geology
Date: 11-2003
DOI: 10.1306/041303731036
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1994
Publisher: Mineralogical Society
Date: 1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 1998
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 08-10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-06-2023
DOI: 10.5194/ESSD-15-2465-2023
Abstract: Abstract. With a higher demand for lithium (Li), a better understanding of its concentration and spatial distribution is important to delineate potential anomalous areas. This study uses a digital soil mapping framework to combine data from recent geochemical surveys and environmental covariates that affect soil formation to predict and map aqua-regia-extractable Li content across the 7.6×106 km2 area of Australia. Catchment outlet sediment s les (i.e. soils formed on alluvial parent material) were collected by the National Geochemical Survey of Australia at 1315 sites, with both top (0–10 cm depth) and bottom (on average ∼60–80 cm depth) catchment outlet sediments s led. We developed 50 bootstrap models using a cubist regression tree algorithm for each depth. The spatial prediction models were validated on an independent Northern Australia Geochemical Survey dataset, showing a good prediction with a root mean square error of 3.32 mg kg−1 (which is 44.2 % of the interquartile range) for the top depth. The model for the bottom depth has yet to be validated. The variables of importance for the models indicated that the first three Landsat 30+ Barest Earth bands (red, green, blue) and gamma radiometric dose have a strong impact on the development of regression-based Li prediction. The bootstrapped models were then used to generate digital soil Li prediction maps for both depths, which could identify and delineate areas with anomalously high Li concentrations in the regolith. The predicted maps show high Li concentration around existing mines and other potentially anomalous Li areas that have yet to be verified. The same mapping principles can potentially be applied to other elements. The Li geochemical data for calibration and validation are available from de Caritat and Cooper (2011b 0.11636/Record.2011.020) and Main et al. (2019 0.11636/Record.2019.002), respectively. The covariate data used for this study were sourced from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) infrastructure, which is enabled by the Australian Government's National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Products/TERN/Covariates/Mosaics/90m/, last access: 6 December 2022 TERN, 2019). The final predictive map is available at 0.5281/zenodo.7895482 (Ng et al., 2023).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1996
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 15-12-2010
DOI: 10.1029/2009JF001645
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2021
Abstract: Compositional data from a soil survey over North Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, are used to develop and test an empirical soil provenancing method. Mineralogical data from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and magnetic susceptibility (MS), and geochemical data from X‐ray fluorescence (XRF for total major oxides) and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS for both total and aqua regia ‐soluble trace elements) are performed on the survey's 268 topsoil s les (0–5 cm depth 1 s le per km 2 ). Principal components (PCs) are calculated after imputation of censored data and centered log‐ratio transformation. The sequential provenancing approach is underpinned by (i) the preparation of interpolated raster grids of the soil properties (including PCs) (ii) the explicit quantification and propagation of uncertainty (iii) the intersection of the soil property rasters with the values of the evidentiary s le (± uncertainty) and (iv) the computation of cumulative provenance rasters (“heat maps”) for the various analytical techniques. The sequential provenancing method is tested on the North Canberra soil survey with three “blind” s les representing simulated evidentiary s les. Performance metrics of precision and accuracy indicate that the FTIR and MS (mineralogy), as well as XRF and total ICP‐MS (geochemistry) analytical methods, offer the most precise and accurate provenance predictions. Inclusion of PCs in provenancing adds marginally to the performance. Maximizing the number of analytes/analytical techniques is advantageous in soil provenancing. Despite acknowledged limitations and gaps, it is concluded that the empirical soil provenancing approach can play an important role in forensic and intelligence applications.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2022
Abstract: Soil is a ubiquitous material at the Earth's surface with potential to be a useful evidence class in forensic and intelligence applications. Compositional data from a soil survey over North Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, are used to develop and test an empirical soil provenancing method. Mineralogical data from Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) and geochemical data from X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF for total major oxides) and Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS for both total and aqua regia ‐soluble trace elements) are obtained from the survey's 268 topsoil s les (0–5 cm depth 1 s le per km 2 ). The simultaneous provenancing approach is underpinned by (i) the calculation of Spearman's correlation coefficients ( r S ) between an evidentiary s le and all the s les in the database for all variables generated by each analytical method and (ii) the preparation of an interpolated raster grid of r S for each evidentiary s le and method resulting in a series of provenance rasters (“heat maps”). The simultaneous provenancing method is tested on the North Canberra soil survey with three “blind” s les representing simulated evidentiary s les. Performance metrics of precision and accuracy indicate that the FTIR (mineralogy) and XRF (geochemistry) analytical methods offer the most precise and accurate provenance predictions. Maximizing the number of analytes/analytical techniques is advantageous in soil provenancing. Despite acknowledged limitations, it is concluded that the empirical soil provenancing approach can play an important role in forensic and intelligence applications.
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 14-09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1998
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00476919
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-11-2000
DOI: 10.1021/ES001339O
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1998
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 13-08-2015
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 27-04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2003
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 19-12-2012
Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is vital to reduce CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere, potentially providing 20% of the needed reductions in global emissions. Research and demonstration projects are important to increase scientific understanding of CCS, and making processes and results widely available helps to reduce public concerns, which may otherwise block this technology. The Otway Project has provided verification of the underlying science of CO 2 storage in a depleted gas field, and shows that the support of all stakeholders can be earned and retained. Quantitative verification of long-term storage has been demonstrated. A direct measurement of storage efficiency has been made, confirming that CO 2 storage in depleted gas fields can be safe and effective, and that these structures could store globally significant amounts of CO 2 .
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1997
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 27-04-2022
Abstract: Abstract. The values and distribution patterns of the strontium (Sr) isotope ratio 87Sr / 86Sr in Earth surface materials is of use in the geological, environmental and social sciences. Ultimately, the 87Sr / 86Sr ratio of soil and everything that lives in and on it is inherited from the rock that is its parent material. In Australia, there are few large-scale surveys of 87Sr / 86Sr available, and here we report on a new, low-density dataset using 112 catchment outlet (floodplain) sediment s les covering 529,000 km2 of inland southeastern Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria). The coarse ( 2 mm) fraction of bottom sediment s les (depth ~0.6–0.8 m) from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia were milled and fully digested before Sr separation by chromatography and 87Sr / 86Sr determination by multicollector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results show a wide range of 87Sr / 86Sr values from a minimum of 0.7089 to a maximum of 0.7511 (range 0.0422). The median 87Sr / 86Sr (± robust standard deviation) is 0.7199 (± 0.0112), and the mean (± standard deviation) is 0.7220 (± 0.0106). The spatial patterns of the Sr isoscape observed are described and attributed to various geological sources and processes. Of note are the elevated (radiogenic) values (≥~0.7270 top quartile) contributed by (1) the Palaeozoic sedimentary country rock and (mostly felsic) igneous intrusions of the Lachlan geological region to the east of the study area (2) the Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the central Broken Hill region both these sources contribute radiogenic material mainly by fluvial processes and (3) the Proterozoic to Palaeozoic rocks of the Kanmantoo, Adelaide, Gawler and Painter geological regions to the west of the area these sources contribute radiogenic material mainly by aeolian processes. Regions of low 87Sr / 86Sr (≤~0.7130 bottom quartile) belong mainly to (1) a few central Murray Basin catchments (2) some Darling Basin catchments in the northeast and (3) a few Eromanga geological region-influenced catchments in the northwest of the study area these sources contribute radiogenic material mainly by fluvial processes.
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Unpublished
Date: 1994
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-1997
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/SR10121
Abstract: The pH is one of the fundamental soil properties governing nutrient availability, metal mobility, elemental toxicity, microbial activity, and plant growth. The field pH of topsoil (0–0.10 m depth) and subsoil (~0.60–0.80 m depth) was measured on floodplain soils collected near the outlet of 1186 catchments covering Mkm2 (6 × 1012 m2) or ~80% of Australia. Field pH duplicate data, obtained at 124 randomly selected sites, indicate a precision of 0.5 pH unit (or 7%), and mapped pH patterns are consistent and meaningful. The median topsoil pH is 6.5, while the subsoil pH has a median of 7 but is strongly bimodal (6–6.5 and 8–8.5). In most cases (64%) the topsoil and subsoil pH values are similar among the sites exhibiting a pH contrast, those with more acidic topsoils are more common (28%) than those with more alkaline topsoils (7%). The distribution of soil pH at the national scale indicates the strong controls exerted by precipitation and ensuing leaching (e.g. low pH along the coastal fringe, high pH in the dry centre), aridity (e.g. high pH where calcrete is common in the regolith), vegetation (e.g. low pH reflecting abundant soil organic matter), and subsurface lithology (e.g. high pH over limestone bedrock). The new data, together with existing soil pH datasets, can support regional-scale decision-making relating to agricultural, environmental, infrastructural, and mineral exploration decisions.
Publisher: Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies
Date: 29-08-2009
DOI: 10.5341/RPT09-1512
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.08.059
Abstract: A soil geochemical dataset (major and minor elements), based on low-density s ling, is provided for NE-Brazil (ca. 1.7 million km²). It covers an area from about 2°S to 12°S, and from 34°W to 49°W, and refers to top (TOP: 0-20 cm) and bottom (BOT: 30-50 cm) mineral soils. Results are put in perspective using two recent and comparable studies, the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and the European Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS). All median element concentrations in the Brazilian s les are depleted compared to World Soil Averages (WSA), except for Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, which are respectively similar to WSA and enriched in Brazil. While the depletion is moderate for Fe₂O₃, MnO, P₂O₅, and TiO₂, it reaches an order of magnitude and more for K₂O, MgO, CaO, and Na₂O. The difference between TOP and BOT concentrations is lower than the variation of either TOP or BOT concentrations between s le sites. Similar spatial distribution and the high correlation between TOP and BOT concentrations suggest that (1) similar processes and parameters are of general relevance for the geochemical composition of TOP and BOT s les, and (2) topsoil and subsoil are not decoupled. Cluster analysis revealed similar results for TOP and BOT s les, yielding three groups of elements/oxides displaying similar behavior: Gr.1 comprising Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, and P₂O₅ Gr.2 comprising CaO, K₂O, MgO, MnO, and Na₂O and Gr.3 being SiO₂. Weathering indicators are significantly positively correlated and show similar spatial distributions in TOP and BOT s les. All elements deliver similar mass removal times (time to export all material from a 10 cm soil layer) and clearly discern between the regions: Europe with the fastest "depletion" (12,200 ± 300 years), followed by Australia (33,200 ± 3000 years) and Brazil (86,700 ± 3000 years). Similar results emerge when calculating denudation rates, using independent fluvial denudation data in large basins.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2016
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 08-2003
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 1994
Publisher: Society for Sedimentary Geology
Date: 1993
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 13-01-2023
Abstract: Abstract. With a higher demand for lithium (Li), a better understanding of its concentration and spatial distribution is important to delineate potential anomalous areas. This study uses a digital soil mapping framework to combine data from recent geochemical surveys and environmental covariates to predict and map Li content across the 7.6 million km2 area of Australia. Soil s les were collected by the National Geochemical Survey of Australia at a total of 1315 sites, with both top (0–10 cm depth) and bottom (on average 60–80 cm depth) catchment outlet sediments s led. We developed 50 bootstrap models using a Cubist regression tree algorithm for both depths. The spatial prediction models were validated on an independent Northern Australia Geochemical Survey dataset, showing a good prediction with a root mean square error of 3.82 mg kg-1 (which is 50.9 % of the inter-quartile range) for the top depth. The model for the bottom depth has yet to be validated. The variables of importance for the models indicated that the first three Landsat 30+ Barest Earth bands (blue, green, red) and gamma radiometric dose have a strong impact on Li prediction. The bootstrapped models were then used to generate digital soil Li prediction maps for both depths, which could select and delineate areas with anomalously high Li concentrations in the regolith. The map shows high Li concentration around existing mines and other potentially anomalous Li areas. This is the first study that produces soil Li using remote sensing data at a high resolution over a continent. The same mapping principles can potentially be applied to other elements. The Li geochemical data for calibration and validation are available at: 0.11636/Record.2011.020 and 0.11636/Record.2019.002 respectively. The covariates data used for this study was sourced from Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) infrastructure, which is enabled by the Australian Government’s National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) esoil.io/TERNLandscapes/Public/Products/TERN/Covariates/Mosaics/90m/ (TERN, 2019).
Publisher: Geoscience Australia
Date: 2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.11.010
Abstract: During the National Geochemical Survey of Australia over 1300 top (0-10cm depth) and bottom (~60-80cm depth) sediment s les (including ~10% field duplicates) were collected from the outlet of 1186 catchments covering 81% of the continent at an average s le density of 1 site/5200km
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-02-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1038/511S81A
No related grants have been discovered for Patrice de Caritat.