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Publisher: Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicacao
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Universidad Federal de Santa Maria
Date: 09-2020
Abstract: Considerando que a expansão urbana e o aumento das atividades antrópicas geram perda e fragmentação dos hábitats naturais, ameaçando a bio ersidade, a conservação dos remanescentes florestais urbanos é de extrema importância para a persistência de espécies de fauna e flora nativas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura da paisagem de área urbanizada no bioma Mata Atlântica, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento e fundamentos de Ecologia de Paisagem, visando a fornecer subsídios à conservação florestal na paisagem urbana. Um mapa de uso e cobertura foi utilizado para quantificar a cobertura florestal e para avaliar a estrutura da paisagem. As métricas de paisagem quantificaram área (AREA), forma (SHAPE) e proximidade (NEAR) dos remanescentes florestais, fornecendo indicadores da estrutura da paisagem. A cobertura florestal representa 22,9% da área de estudo, sendo apenas 3,6% dos fragmentos maiores que 50 ha. A grande maioria dos fragmentos (83%) tem área menor que 10 ha. Apenas três remanescentes são maiores que 500 ha, sendo que o maior deles localiza-se na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema. A maioria dos fragmentos florestais (80%) localiza-se em propriedades particulares. A paisagem foi diagnosticada como altamente antropizada e fragmentada, porém com remanescentes próximos entre si (NEAR 50 m), potencializando a movimentação das espécies na matriz antrópica. Cenários de exclusão dos pequenos fragmentos demonstraram a fragilidade da matriz sem o apoio deles, pois os pequenos remanescentes contribuem para a conexão entre os maiores. O c o antrópico de vegetação pioneira é a segunda classe de uso de maior cobertura na área de estudo (20,4%), atrás somente da área urbanizada (25%). Ações para a manutenção da bio ersidade em paisagens antropizadas, como as da área de estudo, devem priorizar projetos de restauração de c os antrópicos, incentivos à conservação de remanescentes em propriedades particulares e a manutenção de pequenos fragmentos na paisagem, a fim de promover a conexão entre as grandes áreas florestais. Os planejamentos urbano e ambiental das cidades devem ser alinhados e baseados em estudos científicos sobre a espacialização da vegetação no ambiente urbano.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-12-2019
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1373
Abstract: Abstract Natural ecosystems are under severe threat worldwide and environmental policies are essential to minimize present and future impacts on bio ersity, ecosystem services and climate change. The New Forest Act in Brazil is the main policy to protect native vegetation in private lands, which comprise 54% of the remaining Brazilian native vegetation. However, conflicts between environmental and agricultural concerns in its implementation demand for balanced solutions based on scientific evidence. To face the challenge of applying science in environmental policy establishment, we developed a scientific project funded by the São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) to support the implementation of the New Forest Act in São Paulo State, as part of the Biota/FAPESP Program. The project was conducted differently from a regular research project: the broad objective was to provide scientific support to the State’s implementation of the New Forest Act, based on a participatory interaction among stakeholders to build specific objectives, methods, and discussion of results, within an interdisciplinary and intersectoral research team. Here, we present the lessons learned during and after the four years of the research project development to evaluate how scientific knowledge can be produced and adopted in the implementation of a specific environmental policy. We present the main outcomes and the challenges faced in trying to include scientific data in the decision-making process. We also present current and future challenges in the New Forest Act implementation that could be solved with scientific evidence. The lessons learned showed that even designing the project in order to meet the needs to support the implementation of the environmental policy, avoiding difficulties normally pointed out by similar projects, there was a great difficulty for scientific contributions to be adopted in the decision-making process. Most of the scientific information and advice, even after discussion and common understanding among a erse stakeholder group, were ignored or over-ruled in the final decision-making phases.
Publisher: Brazilian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage - IRRIGA
Date: 18-06-2018
DOI: 10.15809/IRRIGA.2016V21N3P577-590
Abstract: GEOTECNOLOGIAS APLICADAS AO ESTUDO DO CONFLITO DE USO DO SOLO VISANDO O PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL EDUARDO MENDES DE BRITO1 KALINE DE MELLO2 DANILO RIBEIRO DA COSTA3 LUIZ CARLOS DE FARIA4 E ROBERTA AVERNA VALENTE5 1 Eng. Florestal, Rua Antônio Aparecido Ferraz, 73, 18052-280, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil eduardombrito@hotmail.com2 Bióloga, doutoranda em Engenharia de Sistemas Agrícolas, Departamento de Biossistemas, ESALQ – USP, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil kaline.mello@gmail.com3 Eng. Florestal, doutorando em Planejamento e Uso de Recursos Renováveis, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, UFSCar Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil danilorc.ambiente@gmail.com4 Eng. Florestal, Prof. Adjunto do Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, UFSCar Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil lcfaria@ufscar.br5 Eng. Florestal, Profa. Adjunta do Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, UFSCar Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil roavalen@ufscar.br 1 RESUMO A cobertura florestal nativa em bacias hidrográficas pode contribuir para a manutenção da qualidade dos recursos hídricos, porém a crescente expansão agrícola no Brasil ameaça a conservação dos ambientes naturais e o fornecimento dos serviços ecossistêmicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo diagnosticar o conflito de uso do solo em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) nas cabeceiras do rio Piraporinha, no município de Piedade-SP, visando o planejamento ambiental para a manutenção dos recursos hídricos. Para tanto, foi elaborado o mapa de uso e cobertura do solo das duas microbacias da cabeceira do rio Pirapora. Por meio de geotecnologias foram delimitadas as APPs de nascentes, cursos de água, reservatórios, encostas, topos de morros e áreas de uso restrito. A classe florestal foi a predominante nas microbacias (57,05%), seguida por cultura temporária (24,24%) e pastagem (11,65%). As APPs apresentaram valor alto de cobertura florestal (73,82%) bem como as áreas de uso restrito (89%). As classes cultura temporária e pastagem apresentaram valores próximos a 8% nas APPs e 5% nas áreas de uso restrito. As APPs das microbacias em estudo representam 21,22 % da área total, sendo que 81,86% encontra-se em conformidade com a legislação ambiental, ressaltando a importância dessas microbacias para a manutenção da qualidade dos recursos hídricos nessa região. Palavras-chave: Áreas de Preservação Permanente SIG Recursos hídricos Código Florestal. BRITO, E.M. MELLO, K. COSTA, D.R. FARIA, L.C. VALENTE, R.A.GEOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF LAND USE CONFLICTS AIMING ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING 2 ABSTRACT The forest cover in watersheds can contribute to maintain water resources quality, but the agricultural expansion in Brazil threatens the conservation of natural environments and the ecosystem services provision. This study aimed to diagnose land use conflicts in Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) in Piraporinha River headwaters, city of Piedade, State of São Paulo, particularly the environmental planning of water resources management. Therefore, land use and cover map of the two watersheds in Piraporinha River headwaters were prepared. Geotechnology tools were used to delimit the APPs in terms of sources, watercourses, reservoirs, slopes, hilltops and areas of restricted use. The forest class was predominant in watersheds (57.05%), followed by annual crop (24.24%) and pasture (11.65%). The APPs showed high value of forest cover (73.82%) as well as areas of restricted use (89%). The annual crop and pasture classes showed values close to 8% in APPs and 5% in areas of restricted use. The APPs of the studied watersheds represent 21.22% of the total area, of which 81.86% is in accordance with the environmental legislation, emphasizing the importance of these watersheds to the maintenance of water resources quality in this region. Keywords: Permanent Preservation Area GIS water resources Brazilian Forest Code.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1590/0100-67622015000100001
Abstract: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar o cenário ambiental atual e um cenário legal da Zona de Amortecimento (ZA) do Parque Estadual de Porto Ferreira (PEPF), bem como propor uma discussão acerca das ZA e seu planejamento. Foi realizado um mapeamento do uso e ocupação da terra e calculadas métricas de paisagem. A classe predominante na ZA foi a cana-de-açúcar, com 46,24% e a classe floresta foi a terceira com maior cobertura, com 12,7%. As métricas da paisagem indicaram que a vegetação natural da ZA possui 83,3% de fragmentos até 10 ha, com 50% deles apresentando conectividade muito baixa. As APP totalizaram 386 ha, sendo 39% com vegetação natural. Para o cenário legal, com todas as APP preservadas, haveria um acréscimo de 239 ha de vegetação natural e redução de 60 para 27 fragmentos, evidenciando-se o surgimento de fragmentos maiores e mais conectados. A baixa porcentagem de áreas florestadas, baixa conectividade entre os fragmentos e o descumprimento da legislação ambiental na ZA contribuem para o isolamento da unidade de conservação e aumento dos efeitos de borda, gerando impactos sobre a bio ersidade do PEPF.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.11.075
Abstract: The conversion of natural ecosystems to agricultural land and urban areas plays a threat to the protected areas and the natural ecosystems conservation. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of the agricultural expansion and its impact on the landscape spatial and temporal patterns in a buffer zone of a protected area located in the transition zone between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The land use and land cover were mapped between 1971 and 2008 and landscape metrics were calculated to provide a spatiotemporal analysis of the forest structure and the expansion of the croplands. The results showed that the landscape patterns were affected by the economic cycles. The predominant crop surrounding the protected area is sugar cane, which increased by 39% during this period, followed by citrus. This landscape change is connected to the Brazilian oil crisis in 1973. The rapid expansion of sugar cane was largely driven by Brazil's biofuel program, the "Proálcool" (pro-alcohol), a project in 1975 that mixed ethanol with gas for automotive fuel. The forest loss occurred mainly between 1971 and 1988, decreasing the forest cover from 17% in 1971 to 12.7% in 2008. Most of the forest patches are smaller than 50 ha and has low connectivity. Throughout the years, the fragments in the buffer zone have become smaller and with an elongated shape, and the park has become isolated. This forest fragmentation process and the predominance of monoculture lands in the buffer zone threaten the protected areas, and can represent a barrier for these areas to provide the effective bio ersity conservation. The measures proposed are necessary to ensure the capability of this ecosystem to sustain its original bio ersity.
Publisher: Portal de Periodicos UFPB
Date: 21-06-2018
DOI: 10.22478/UFPB.1981-1268.2018V12N2.35991
Abstract: Diante da complexidade de monitorar, avaliar e planejar o manejo de fragmentos urbanos para garantir sua sustentabilidade, o uso de índices é um modo rápido de obtenção de dados relevantes, informações mensuráveis em c o e de parâmetros para realização de comparações e análises diagnósticas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo adaptar um índice de integridade biótica para uso em Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, bem como testar sua eficiência no diagnóstico da integridade biótica de fragmentos florestais inseridos em matriz urbana. Este índice é composto por 11 indicadores ecológicos e foi aplicado em 23 remanescentes florestais localizados na cidade de Sorocaba/SP. Dentre as áreas selecionadas, 15 foram classificadas com baixa integridade e 8 como integridade regular, entretanto, se destacam entre estas 4 áreas que obtiveram pontuação equivalente à mais de 60% do índice. Ao verificar a eficiência dos indicadores que compõem o índice, destaca-se a necessidade de realizar algumas adaptações quanto aos utilizados e suas classes de integridade, contudo, os resultados obtidos foram considerados satisfatórios, uma vez que geraram diferenciações na classificação da integridade biótica das áreas analisadas que são condizentes com o observado em c o. Constatou-se que a maior parte dos fragmentos estudados apresentam ameaças à sua sustentabilidade, evidenciando que a maioria destas áreas carece de esforços voltados para seu manejo e conservação a fim de que continuem exercendo suas funções ecológicas a longo prazo.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 28-05-2018
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1590/01047760201622032172
Abstract: ABSTRACT Urbanization and agriculture growth are some of the major causes of natural ecosystems depletion and bio ersity loss. Conservation efforts can be developed through the prioritization of areas for forest conservation in order to minimize this process. Here, we establish conservation strategies based on a spatial analysis of forest fragments in an urban landscape at the transition between two important Brazilian bio ersity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. A high-resolution mapping of forest patches was used to quantify forest cover and to provide spatial analysis. We developed a Forest Conservation Priority Index (FCPI) derived from landscape metrics to select priority areas for forest conservation efforts. We used area, shape and proximity metrics as landscape structure indicators. Landscape metrics were classified and we attributed a rank and weights for them to calculate the FCPI. Forest covers 17% of the study area. 60% of the forest patches comprise less than one hectare, 95% less than 10 ha and only 1% more than 50 ha. The largest fragments ( 100ha) are all long and narrow. Also, fewer than half the patches are connected to others. Regions classified as high and very high priority for forest conservation are localized at greater slopes, along rivers and on private lands. Our index allowed the prioritization of forest fragments in an urban landscape, directing efforts of conservation. Creating protected areas and restoration plans are necessary for the better situation of the natural ecosystem. Land-use planning must resolve human demands and conservation of this important ecosystem.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 08-11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1590/S0100-67622014000200011
Abstract: Este estudo objetivou analisar a importância das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) para a manutenção dos remanescentes florestais no município de Sorocaba, SP. O mapa desses remanescentes foi elaborado com base em fotografias aéreas de 2006, e mapas de hidrografia e de declividade foram usados para determinação das APP. Compararam-se dois cenários: real (mata atual) e ideal (mata atual acrescida da restauração das APP), com base em métricas da paisagem. Os resultados indicaram que 19% do município se enquadra como APP e, dessa área, apenas 45% possui cobertura florestal. As APP preservadas representam 50% do total de cobertura florestal da paisagem. A restauração das APP representaria aumento de 16,68% para 28% de cobertura florestal da paisagem e possibilitaria o surgimento de fragmentos maiores que 3.000 ha, enquanto no cenário real os maiores fragmentos atingem 300 ha. Os remanescentes florestais se apresentaram intimamente ligados às APP: margens de rios, áreas alagáveis e encostas, onde a ocupação urbana foi dificultada e existe o instrumento legal de proteção. Esse quadro evidencia que as APP possuem papel fundamental na conservação florestal em um município bastante urbanizado, onde as áreas naturais sofrem muita pressão. A avaliação dos cenários mostrou que a incorporação dos dispositivos legais no planejamento e ordenamento territorial subsidia as estratégias voltadas para a manutenção de hábitats naturais e, consequentemente, a diminuição dos efeitos negativos sobre a bio ersidade. Entretanto, as mudanças recentes no Código Florestal podem representar um retrocesso no cenário ambiental nacional diante da crescente urbanização.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 06-11-2017
DOI: 10.1590/1806-90882017000100019
Abstract: Abstract Replacing the original land cover by other land uses, especially when it is associated with inadequate management practices, can cause changes in runoff and rainwater infiltration. This can result in above normal levels of soil erosion and sediment-carrying to the rivers and streams. The original land cover conservation in the watersheds is, therefore, essential for the maintenance of its water resources. In this context, the main objective of this study was to prioritize areas for forest conservation in two watersheds, aiming at maintaining the water availability, in terms of quantity and quality, for the public supply. The watersheds were selected considering their regional importance and because they are similar in terms of land use / land cover. The study was developed in the Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) context, which permits the integration of different landscape characteristics (i.e. factors), in order to obtain a solution for the decision-making process. The following criteria were selected by considering the expert's opinions: slope, flow accumulation, aspect, and land use / land cover. Their relative importance (i.e. factor weight) was defined through the Pairwise Comparison Method. The criteria maps units were normalized by a common scale and then aggregated through an MCE method named Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the criteria contribution on the final map. The watershed 1 was classified in approximately 14% of its area as very high priority 27% as high 19% as medium 21% as low and 18% as very low. The watershed 2 obtained, respectively, 17% 29% 17% 21% e 17%. We conclude that the WLC method supports the definition of priority areas for forest conservation in the watersheds, in order to have an appropriate design of actions for forest conservation.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 03-11-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-1017653/V1
Abstract: The highly modified urban matrix becomes an inhospitable environment for many species because the natural vegetation fragments are highly fragmented and often isolated in the landscape. Protected Areas (PAs) located closer or within urban areas may not achieve their goal of protecting local or regional bio ersity. Thus, the proposition of ecological corridors aims to connect the PAs, providing the dispersion of species in anthropogenic landscapes. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the PAs connectivity in an urban landscape and understand if urban forest fragments can support their connectivity, generating important information for bio ersity conservation and urban planning. For this, we used models based on Graph Theory to assess the functional connectivity among PAs. The focal species used were Atlantic Forest birds. We used the participatory technique to assess their dispersal capabilities, and this information was used to create a resistance surface map. The focal species movement in the landscape was modeled through Graph Theory. This model evaluated the functional connectivity and extracted the least-cost paths between PAs and other forest fragments that designed the urban ecological network. We identified that few PAs are connected in the urban landscape of Sorocaba city and its surroundings and 28 forest fragments that are important to support the connectivity among PAs. Among these, only four fragments are located within a PA. The other 24 forest fragments located outside PAs should be the center of attention for forest conservation and restoration actions, as they can improve the connectivity between the PAs. Our results show that PAs connectivity in urban landscapes depends on incentives for native vegetation conservation on private lands once most of the important forest fragments for the PAs connectivity are located in these areas. In addition, the restoration of riparian zones is important because they compose a great ecological corridor in the urban landscape. Strategies that increase the permeability of the matrix (e.g., increasing green spaces and gardens) and restoring target fragments are also important. Finally, land-use planning, focusing on natural ecosystem conservation and combating urban sprawl, is necessary to promote PAs connectivity in urban landscapes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.4103/CS.CS_20_134
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2022
Publisher: GN1 Sistemas e Publicacoes Ltd.
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.34024/RBECOTUR.2021.V14.12844
Abstract: A discussão e projetos de desenvolvimento de zonas de amortecimento (ZA) no entorno de áreas protegidas urbanas é considerado um grande desafio. A delimitação da ZA deve levar em consideração critérios técnico-científicos, tais como, de uso e ocupação da terra, critérios hidrográficos, critérios ambientais e sociais, para que dessa forma possa se estabelecer um ambiente urbano ecologicamente sustentáveis e que traga resiliência para a bio ersidade, garantindo equidade no provimento de serviços ecossistêmicos para a toda a população urbana. Sendo assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar a estrutura da paisagem nos entornos das áreas protegidas urbanas, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento e Ecologia de Paisagem, visando fornecer subsídios à proposição de uma ZA comum às áreas protegidas urbanas do município de Sorocaba. A distância euclidiana média entre as Unidades de Conservação (UCs) de Sorocaba é de 4.782,24 m, e o Parque Natural Municipal de Corredores da Bio ersidade é o mais distante de outras UCs. A Estação Ecológica Bráulio Guedes da Silva, é a menor UC do município (8,9 ha) é a única que não tem o suporte de um remanescente fora dos limites protegidos. A área mapeada é composta majoritariamente pelo uso antrópico da terra, que corresponde a mais de 78% do uso da terra, sendo a maior parte ocupada por áreas urbanas e c os antrópicos de vegetação pioneira. A cobertura florestal nativa, está distribuída entre 706 remanescentes, sendo que 84,14% não possuem mais que dez (10) hectares. Apesar de pequenos, os remanescentes estão próximos entre si (NEAR 50m), favorecendo dessa forma a conectividade, conquistada através de tr olins ecológicos. Os c os antrópicos de vegetação pioneira apontados na área de estudo podem servir a projetos de restauração florestal, desempenhando um papel importante na mitigação dos impactos da fragmentação florestal, melhorando a estrutura florestal e a conectividade da paisagem, promovendo a conexão entre as áreas protegidas urbanas e outros fragmentos florestais.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0658
Abstract: Abstract: The Native Vegetation Protection Law - 2012 - (NVPL) is the main Brazilian regulation for protecting native vegetation (NV) on private land. The NVPL, currently in the implementation phase, reduced Legal Reserves (LR) requirements compared to its previous version, the 1965's Forest Act (FA), through several legal mechanisms. Among them, Article 68 (Art.68) exempts landholders from LR obligations if NV was converted without offending the legislation in place at the time of the conversion. The technical implementation of Art. 68 is controversial and its effects are still unknown. We developed a model to estimate the effects of Art.68 on LR using São Paulo State (Brazil) as case study. We analyzed former environmental laws to identify key periods in which NV preservation requirements had changed. After, we searched for past spatial data on NV cover with sufficient accuracy for each legal benchmark. Combining legal benchmarks with spatial data, we created two scenarios for Art.68 effects, plus a baseline scenario. The first scenario considered a single legal benchmark, the 1965's FA (scenario "1965"), while the other included the 1989 Cerrado's protection Federal Law as a second benchmark (scenario "1965/89"). The baseline scenario did not include Art.68 effects. Scenario "1965" reduced LR deficits in 49% compared to the baseline scenario, waiving landholders from restoration or offsetting needs in 423 thousand hectares (kha) of NV. Scenario "1965/89" waved 507 kha of NV from restoration needs and represented a 59% reduction in LR deficit compared to the baseline scenario. The LR reduction by scenario "1965/89" assumed particular importance considering that the additional cutback was concentrated on Cerrado, an already very fragmented and impacted region. Together with reductions from other NVPL rules, the additional effects of Art. 68 unfolded great concerns about the role of LR as a tool for NV preservation on private land, threating governmental restoration commitments, and pointing that conservation command and control approaches should be complemented with incentive policies to achieve the desired and committed standards.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 06-11-2017
DOI: 10.1590/1806-90882017000100019
Abstract: Abstract Replacing the original land cover by other land uses, especially when it is associated with inadequate management practices, can cause changes in runoff and rainwater infiltration. This can result in above normal levels of soil erosion and sediment-carrying to the rivers and streams. The original land cover conservation in the watersheds is, therefore, essential for the maintenance of its water resources. In this context, the main objective of this study was to prioritize areas for forest conservation in two watersheds, aiming at maintaining the water availability, in terms of quantity and quality, for the public supply. The watersheds were selected considering their regional importance and because they are similar in terms of land use / land cover. The study was developed in the Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) context, which permits the integration of different landscape characteristics (i.e. factors), in order to obtain a solution for the decision-making process. The following criteria were selected by considering the expert's opinions: slope, flow accumulation, aspect, and land use / land cover. Their relative importance (i.e. factor weight) was defined through the Pairwise Comparison Method. The criteria maps units were normalized by a common scale and then aggregated through an MCE method named Weighted Linear Combination (WLC). Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the criteria contribution on the final map. The watershed 1 was classified in approximately 14% of its area as very high priority 27% as high 19% as medium 21% as low and 18% as very low. The watershed 2 obtained, respectively, 17% 29% 17% 21% e 17%. We conclude that the WLC method supports the definition of priority areas for forest conservation in the watersheds, in order to have an appropriate design of actions for forest conservation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Centro Universitario Sao Camilo - Sao Paulo
Date: 30-03-2011
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/D15050636
Abstract: The types and intensification of land use in the watershed affect the living organisms in aquatic ecosystems differently this impact will also vary according to temporal and spatial scales. Understanding these interactions is crucial in the design of biomonitoring programs to detect the effect of different pollutants in freshwater ecosystems and improve watershed management and conservation strategies. Therefore, this paper qualitatively reviews biomonitoring studies in freshwater ecosystems to evaluate the impact of different land use types on multiple scales in watersheds. The paper is organized into four sections. The first section presents biomonitoring in different freshwater systems (streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs). In the second section, we describe the biomonitoring characteristics of the main land use types. In the third section, we explain how spatial and temporal scales affect biomonitoring. Finally, in the fourth section, we focus on biomonitoring planning and future prediction and discuss how to design biomonitoring programs and how to use models and eDNA in biomonitoring. Our review will assist in decision-making regarding biomonitoring programs in watersheds and will guide future studies on the different bioindicators for various land use types in erse ecosystems worldwide.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-11-2017
Location: Brazil
Location: Brazil
Location: Brazil
Start Date: 2022
End Date: 2024
Funder: São Paulo Research Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2022
End Date: 2027
Funder: São Paulo Research Foundation
View Funded Activity