ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4926-6972
Current Organisation
Durban University of Technology
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Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa
Date: 03-05-2021
Abstract: The POPIA Code of Conduct for Research, as it is currently being considered, pertains to research conducted in South Africa, which, as part of the research process, uses personal information as defined under POPIA. This Discussion Document outlines the main areas relating to the processing of personal information for research purposes which the proposed Code will address, including what consent models would be permissible under POPIA the issues in relation to genetic research and the processing of personal information contained in inherited characteristics the use of information matching programmes by researchers and the use of personal information obtained from social media platforms for research. With ongoing and wide consultation with the scientific community in South Africa and all relevant stakeholders, it is hoped that the Code will provide guidance in supporting the lawful and responsible use of personal information while conducting scientific research in South Africa. The purpose and scope of the Code of Conduct for Research are set out in the accompanying Commentary available at 0.17159/sajs.2021/10935
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00450.2013
Abstract: Although the effects of exercise training on vascular function have been well studied, less is known about the effects of acute exercise bouts. This synthesis summarizes and integrates knowledge derived from papers relating acute impacts of exercise on artery function, specifically endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). We propose that an immediate decrease in FMD (“nadir”) occurs soon after exercise cessation and that this is followed by a (supra)normalization response. The magnitude of the nadir and (supra)normalization and duration of this biphasic pattern of response appears to be influenced by numerous factors, including the nature of the exercise stimulus (e.g., type, duration, intensity), the subject population (e.g., trained vs. untrained), and various methodological factors. The impact of these factors on the biphasic pattern are most likely mediated through stimuli that underpin altered FMD postexercise, including shear and oxidative stress, changes in arterial diameter, and antioxidant status. We propose that a combination of these stimuli act synergistically to balance the vasomotor responses postexercise. Finally, we discuss the potential (clinical) relevance of the biphasic response after acute exercise, as the immediate nadir may represent an essential response for subsequent training-induced adaptations but may also represent a transient period of increased cardiovascular risk leading to the “exercise paradox.”
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1375/ACRI.39.1.71
Abstract: Scholars and practitioners now recognise the importance of ‘governing through networks’ if policing agendas are to be promoted effectively and democratically. Central to such an agenda of networked governance is the identification or creation of community-based structures and processes that can be harnessed by, and linked to, other forms of governance in furtherance of security outcomes. However, notions of community have generally been limited to the ‘communities’ outside of police organisations. This article explores the idea of a police union as ‘a community of interest’. We suggest that police unions are ‘communities’ that have the potential to impact significantly on the governance of security. As ‘insider groupings’ police unions are engaged in complex networks of police management, policy decision-makers and civil society groupings both at the national and international level. Given their organisational status, police unions have the potential to constitute themselves as active, forward-thinking social agencies within policing network arrangements. But, in order to do this they need to move beyond the demands of their conservative social base and their preoccupation with industrial issues and embrace the changing world of policing. In addition, they may need to network with a range of agencies beyond the security industry such as social justice groupings and the broad trade union movement.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2004
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZH049
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/WDEV.263
Abstract: Craniofacial anomalies account for approximately one‐third of all congenital birth defects reflecting the complexity of head and facial development. Craniofacial development is dependent upon a multipotent, migratory population of neural crest cells, which generate most of the bone and cartilage of the head and face. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of a specific array of craniofacial anomalies, termed facial dysostoses, which can be sub ided into mandibulofacial dysostosis, which present with craniofacial defects only, and acrofacial dysostosis, which encompasses both craniofacial and limb anomalies. In particular, we focus on Treacher Collins syndrome, Acrofacial Dysostosis‐Cincinnati Type as well as Nager and Miller syndromes, and animal models that provide new insights into the molecular and cellular basis of these congenital syndromes. We emphasize the etiologic and pathogenetic similarities between these birth defects, specifically their unique deficiencies in global processes including ribosome biogenesis, DNA damage repair, and pre‐ mRNA splicing, all of which affect neural crest cell development and result in similar tissue‐specific defects. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e263. doi: 10.1002/wdev.263 This article is categorized under: Signaling Pathways Cell Fate Signaling Birth Defects Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197277
Abstract: The impact of manipulating shear stress on conduit artery vasodilation has not been comprehensively described in vivo. We hypothesized that manipulation of SR through the brachial and radial arteries would be associated with corresponding changes in diameter. We performed a series of studies involving the following: (1) leg cycle exercise at increasing intensities (≈70 and 85% maximum heart rate [HRmax]) with simultaneous bilateral measurement of SR in the radial arteries (2) leg cycle exercise for 30 minutes at 80% HRmax with simultaneous bilateral measurement of velocity and diameter in the brachial arteries and (3) bilateral forearm heating for 30 minutes with simultaneous bilateral measurement of brachial artery diameter and blood velocity. Cycling and forearm heating interventions were performed in the presence of unilateral cuff inflation throughout the experiment, or starting during the intervention (15 minutes), to manipulate SR responses. Cuff placement was associated with lower radial artery SR responses (cuffed versus uncuffed, 248±49 versus 349±105 L/s 85% HRmax P .01), and diameter responses were similarly attenuated (2.45±0.30 versus 2.78±0.20 mm 85% HRmax P .05). Exercise performed at 80% HRmax in the presence of unilateral cuff inflation also reduced brachial artery SR (cuffed versus uncuffed 258±107 versus 454±157 L/s P .01) and diameter (3.96±0.39 versus 4.20±0.45 mm). Finally, cuff inflation decreased the impact of forearm heating on brachial SR (cuffed versus uncuffed 262±97 versus 440±106 L/s P .01) and diameter (4.35±0.54 versus 4.87±0.47 mm P .05). Similar significant differences between the cuffed and uncuffed limbs in SR and diameter were observed when cuff inflation occurred during exercise or heating. Our findings strongly implicate SR as an important stimulus to increase conduit artery diameter in humans.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2006
Abstract: This (normative) article explores the importance of police unions in the quest for democratic policing. The authors argue that if we are to expect police to behave democratically, it is important for police themselves to experience democratic engagement within the organizations in which they work. That is, if police are expected to defend democracy, they should not be denied basic democratic rights such as the right to collective bargaining and the right to freedom of association. The authors contend that police unions, through networking with other social justice groupings and through encouraging democratic practice, constitute a real forum for the promotion of democratic policing. For this potential to be reached, however, police unions need to identify with broader labor movement trends toward community unionism.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02044
Abstract: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a noninvasive index of endothelial function and vascular health in humans. Studies examining the role of nitric oxide (NO) are not conclusive. In this article, we quantified the contribution of NO in FMD of conduit arteries and explored the effect of the protocol (ie, distal cuff, ≈5-minute ischemia) and method of analysis (ie, automated and continuous edge detection) on the NO dependency of this test. A systematic review and 3-stage meta-analysis of published crossover studies that measured FMD under local infusion of saline or the NO synthase blocker N G monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) was undertaken. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria for stage 1 (374 in idual comparisons). The meta-analyzed outcome was the difference in FMD between infusion of saline (ie, FMD saline ) and NO synthase blocker (ie, FMD L-NMMA ). Overall, FMD saline was 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8%–9.6%) compared with FMD L-NMMA of 3.7% (95% CI, 3.1%–4.3% P .001). Stage 2 analysis focused on studies that used the most commonly adopted approach in healthy volunteers (ie, distal cuff placement, ≈5-minute occlusion), which similarly revealed a significant NO contribution to FMD (FMD saline , 6.5% [95% CI, 5.7%–7.3%] FMD L-NMMA , 0.9% [95% CI, 0.5%–1.3%] P .001). Stage 3 meta-analyzed the studies that adopted the commonly adopted approach and automated, continuous method of analysis, which also revealed a significant contribution of NO to the FMD (FMD saline , 6.9% [95% CI, 6.0%–7.8%] FMD L-NMMA , 2.4% [95% CI, 1.1%–3.7%] P .001). This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that FMD of conduit arteries in humans is, at least in part, mediated by NO.
Publisher: Academy of Science of South Africa
Date: 06-05-2021
DOI: 10.17159/SAJS.2021/10933C
Abstract: Jerome Amir Singh's affiliation was erroneously given as: Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. Thecorrect affiliation is: School of Law, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. The error appears in the Discussion Document by Adams et al. [0.17159/sajs.2021/10933] on Page 1 under Affiliations (no. 22) and on Page 11 in the table under Authors' information, as well as in the accompanying Commentary by Adams et al. [0.17159/sajs.2021/10935] in Table 1 on Page 3.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2002
DOI: 10.1177/002190960203700305
Abstract: This study of policing in Durban, finds that, in keeping with the representative elections in 1994 that led to a new, more democratic political dispensation in South Africa, policing has become more tolerant and democratic. However, some repressive, authoritarian, and violent responses to the public still occur. In the context of the transition to democratic governance, this paper reviews the conduct of the Public Order Police (POP), a unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS). Observations of the unit and interviews with members of all ranks demonstrate that significant change in police responses toward the public has taken place, but sometimes members of the unit repeat past behavior despite organizational reform processes. Drawing on the work of Janet Chan, this resistance to change is explained in terms of deeply held assumptions, attitudes, and values.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 05-10-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2000
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.112.971556
Abstract: Radial artery catheterization is associated with endothelial denudation and impaired vasodilator function, while postcatheterization exercise training may enhance artery function. The impact of catheterization and subsequent exercise training on low-flow mediated vasoconstriction (L-FMC) has not previously been studied. The aim of this study was to examine whether radial artery L-FMC is impaired by catheterization and consequent endothelial denudation. A further aim was to examine the effect of local handgrip exercise training on radial artery L-FMC and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) after transradial catheterization. Thirty-two subjects undergoing transradial catheterization underwent assessment of L-FMC and FMD in the catheterized and contralateral radial artery before, and the day after, catheterization. A further 18 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either a 6-week handgrip exercise training program (N=9) or a nonexercise control period (N=9). L-FMC was attenuated 1 day postcatheterization in the catheterized arm (−2.07±0.84 to 0.35±0.83), but unchanged in the noncatheterized arm (−0.93±0.86 to −0.90±0.92 P .05). In the training study, both FMD and L-FMC of the catheterized arm were preserved in the exercise group 7 weeks after catheterization (FMD-pre, 6.84±0.79 FMD-post, 6.85±1.16 L-FMC-pre, −2.14±1.42 L-FMC-post, −3.58±1.04%), but reduced in the control group (FMD-pre, 8.27±1.52 FMD-post, 4.66±0.70 P =0.06 L-FMC-pre, −3.26±1.19 L-FMC-post, −1.34±1.27% P .05). Catheterization, and associated endothelial denudation, decreases L-FMC in the radial artery, suggesting that it is endothelium-dependent. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that exercise training has beneficial impacts on radial artery vasodilator and constrictor function.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Oxford University PressOxford
Date: 27-01-2011
DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199571826.003.0009
Abstract: This chapter is ided into three parts. The first part explains the meaning of ethnography and provides ex les from the authors' own ethnographic research endeavours. Second, it explores ways of transforming knowledge and imaginings into action or practice. Here it considers the notion of praxis as discussed by Marx and Engels in German Ideology (1947). It is argued that the point of doing social research is not merely to contemplate the world, but to change it — a position that is, despite conventional understandings, not in conflict with Weber who saw the choice of research topics as value driven. The final section argues that southern places should be viewed as sites of knowledge creation.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-11-2014
DOI: 10.1093/BJC/AZT065
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
Publisher: WIT Press
Date: 23-09-2014
DOI: 10.2495/SC140501
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-04-2022
DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2063640
Abstract: Methadone is a recommended medication for opioid agonist maintenance therapy (OAMT). However, methadone can have cardiac side effects. There is limited South African cardiac safety data on methadone. To describe baseline and 12-month electrocardiographic (ECG) features and cardiac symptomology in people receiving OAMT in Durban, South Africa. Twelve-lead ECGs were conducted at baseline and 12 months. Clinical interviews were used to assess cardiac symptomatology. Baseline ECG parameters (PR interval, QRS interval, QT and QTc duration, heart rate) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Baseline and 12-month ECG characteristics were compared using paired T-tests in retained participants. The association between QTc and methadone dose was assessed using Spearman's Rho at 12 months. Fifty-three clients (51 men, 2 women [median age 29.0]) were initiated on OAMT. Normal baseline ECG variants included 4 (7.5%) with sinus bradycardia and 3 (5.7%) with ST segment elevation. Mean baseline ECG intervals were PR interval: 156 ± 23 ms, QRS duration: 87 ± 9 ms, QT interval: 404 ± 22 ms and QTc interval: 406.9 ± 21.9 ms. At 12 months, 39 participants returned for reassessment (mean methadone dose: 37 ± 8 mg in women 27 ± 10 mg in men). QTc intervals among male participants increased (406.4 ± 22 to 417 ± 24 Methadone at the doses provided, caused mild and clinically insignificant QTc interval prolongation in men at 12 months. We provide additional cardiac safety data for the use of methadone for OAMT among people with opioid use disorder.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2022
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-07-2018
DOI: 10.1093/CDJ/BSW021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-04-2016
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 28-01-2015
DOI: 10.5334/STA.ES
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-07-2008
DOI: 10.1108/09534810810884849
Abstract: Efforts by police organisations to unionise and to increase their social and labour rights is an international phenomenon, and one that is becoming more vigorous in the Southern African region. However, many governments are wary of police unions and limit their rights, or refuse to recognise them at all. This paper aims to discuss the issues involved. The paper draws on face‐to‐face and telephone interviews, as well as e‐mail correspondence, with police unionists from Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia and the USA. The efforts of the unions involved gave impetus to the formation of the International Council of Police Representative Associations (ICPRA), in September 2006. Two of ICPRA's aims are to assist and advise police unions all over the world and to provide the international police union movement with a voice for influencing policing futures. In South Africa, the Police and Civil Rights Unions is assisting police in the subregion and has become a symbol of what is possible for police even in repressive states. The paper illustrates how, in a rapidly changing police labour environment, police unions have the capacity to confront existing (undemocratic) occupational cultures, to promote organisational accord and to forge positive reform.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 23-02-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-04-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-12-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2004
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 15-05-2012
DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.01489.2011
Abstract: Lower limb exercise increases upper limb conduit artery blood flow and shear stress, and leg exercise training can enhance upper limb vascular function. We therefore examined the contribution of shear stress to changes in vascular function in the nonexercising upper limbs in response to lower limb cycling exercise training. Initially, five male subjects underwent bilateral brachial artery duplex ultrasound to measure blood flow and shear responses to 30-min cycling exercise at 80% of maximal heart rate. Responses in one forearm were significantly ( P 0.05) attenuated via cuff inflation throughout the exercise bout. An additional 11 subjects participated in an 8-wk cycle training study undertaken at a similar intensity, with unilateral cuff inflation around the forearm during each exercise bout. Bilateral brachial artery flow-mediated dilation responses to a 5-min ischemic stimulus (FMD%), an ischemic handgrip exercise stimulus (iEX), and endothelium-independent NO donor administration [glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)] were measured at 2, 4, and 8 wk. Cycle training increased FMD% in the noncuffed limb at week 2, after which time responses returned toward baseline levels (5.8 ± 4.1, 8.6 ± 3.8, 7.4 ± 3.5, 6.0 ± 2.3 at 0, 2, 4 and 8 wk, respectively ANOVA: P = 0.04). No changes in FMD% were observed in the cuffed arm. No changes were evident in response to iEX or GTN in either the cuffed or noncuffed arms ( P 0.05) across the 8-wk intervention period. Our data suggest that lower limb cycle training induces a transient increase in upper limb vascular function in healthy young humans, which is, at least partly, mediated via shear stress.
Location: South Africa
Location: South Africa
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