ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0963-6131
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-07-2023
Abstract: Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Hg, As, and Pb have become concentrated in the aquatic ecosystem as a result of increased human activities. However, these substances frequently have synergistic or antagonistic effects on the human body or other animals. As a result, there are concerns world-wide that commercially available food products, especially fish, may be contaminated with hazardous elements. In this study, s les of four selected fishes, Gutum (Lepidocephalichthys guntea), Baim (Macrognathus pancalus), Baila (Glossogobius giuris), Meni (Nandus nandus) were analyzed from one of the largest freshwater wetlands (designed as a Ramsar Site) in South Asia to evaluate PTEs contamination status and human health risk assessment. The result demonstrated that the degree of contamination for six PTEs decreased in the following sequences for fish: Fe Zn Cu Pb As Hg. The edible part of G. giuris had the maximum value for Hg (0.42 μg/g dw), while N. nandus predominantly accumulated As ( .41 μg/g dw). The estimated daily intake (EDI) values ranged from 0.003 to 1.75, which was much lower than the recommended values. The hazard index (HI), THQ, total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) scores through consuming fish followed the decreasing order of Fe Hg Cu Zn Pb. The values for each index were less than 1, indicating that there were no substantial health risks for the consumers. The carcinogenic risks (CR) derived from the intake of Pb ranged from 4.92 × 10−8 to 4.14 × 10−8 for males and 5.45 × 10−8 to 4.59 × 10−8 for females, which also did not exceed the standard limit (1.00 × 10−6). This study demonstrated that, under the existing consumption rate, there was no potential health harm to consumers from consuming the studied fishes. This study offers a chance to regularly check PTEs in this environment, reducing the contamination of heavy metals.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-12-2022
Abstract: Trace-element or heavy-metal pollution has emerged as a serious concern in terms of both environmental and human health issues. This study measured six trace and toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in four marine fish and shrimp species to assess their accumulation levels and evaluate the risks to human health. The mean concentrations of the metals in fish and shrimp species (Labeo bata, Sillaginopsis panijus, Platycepalus fuscus, and Penaeus monodon) followed the decreasing order of Zn (40.8 ± 9.7 μg/g) Cu (17.8 ± 7.1 μg/g) Pb (6.2 ± 1.8 μg/g) Ni (0.4 ± 0.3 μg/g) Cd (0.06 ± 0.02 μg/g Cr (below detection level). Among the metals, only Pb in finfish and Pb, Cu, and Zn in shrimp s les exceeded the national recommended limits, representing possible risks to consumers. The mean metal concentrations in the studied fish/shrimp species followed the descending order of P. monodon S. panijus P. fuscus L. bata, which implies that bottom dwellers and omnivores had higher levels of metals. However, the estimated daily intake (EDI) concentrations of Zn and Cu for the studied species were lower than the RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance). In addition, the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI or TTHQ) values for all species were 1, indicating that consumers might not experience carcinogenic health risks. A strong significant (p 0.05) correlation between Cu and Pb (r = 0.623) and Zn and Cu (r = −0.871) indicated they were from the same source of origin. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated possible anthropogenic sources of toxic metals in the study area, specifically industrial wastes and agricultural chemicals.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-09-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU151813583
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-10-2022
Abstract: Coastal homestead ponds are flooded during the rainy season and only hold water for five to six months. For coastal rural people, these ponds have a substantial impact on household nutrition and income generation. However, choosing the right culture techniques, stocking density, and seed size are necessary for fish aquaculture to be effective in this sort of seasonal pond. Hence, an adaptive field experiment was conducted to reveal the growth performance, yield and cost–benefit using advanced carp fingerling at different stocking densities in homestead ponds. Advanced fingerlings of Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, and Labeo calbasu with the mean in idual stocking weight of 243 ± 1.87 g, 223.56 ± 2.35 g, 155.89 ± 1.69 g, and 158.72 ± 1.35 g, respectively, were stocked at three different stocking densities, e.g., 825 kg ha−1 in T1, 560 kg ha−1 in T2 and 370 kg ha−1 in T3 and reared for 5 months. Homemade supplementary feed with protein content of 24.25% was supplied twice daily. The specific growth rate (SGR) was recorded highest at T3 for all the cultured species as L. rohita (1.15 ± 0.01% day−1), followed by G. catla (1.12 ± 0.004% day−1), L. calbasu (1.09 ± 0.01% day−1), and C. cirrhosus (0.98 ± 0.002% day−1), respectively. An inverse relationship was detected between fish growth and stocking density for all treatments. A similar pattern was observed in the survival rate, where reduced survival rates were recorded at T1 for all species. Significant variation (p 0.05) was found among the treatments in terms of final weight, SGR, and survival rate. Economics of the carp polyculture also showed the highest net benefit (2609.77 ± 2.02 USD ha−1) and benefit–cost ratio (2.06 ± 0.002) at T3. Rearing of fish at 370 kg ha−1 stocking density yielded 129.21% and 110.96% higher production in T3 than T1 and T2, respectively. Overall, T3 treatment was more appropriate than T1 and T2 due to its low FCR, low investment but high survival rate, and net return. Therefore, stocking homestead ponds with advanced carp fingerling with a density of 370 kg per ha can be suggested as for increasing fish production and benefit in the homestead ponds of coastal rural area. In addition, further research is recommended to find out the effects of feeding and sources of seeds on the production performances.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/AGRICULTURE12081131
Abstract: Major carps, native freshwater fish in South Asian nations, are economically valuable fish species with high market demand. Coastal rural people can cultivate them in their own seasonal, largely underutilized, small homestead ponds with low input and understanding. However, the major problems with fish production in this region are the lack of quality carp seed and appropriate culture techniques. Therefore, this research was carried out on growth performance, survival rate, yield, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and profit of carp polyculture systems stocking with hatchery-produced and wild sourced fish seed in homestead ponds located in a coastal area along the Bay of Bengal. Three different treatments (T1–T3), each treatment with three replications, were designed for culturing carps, Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu, and Cirrhinus mrigala using two local hatcheries seeds (T1 and T2), and wild seeds from the Halda River (T3). For all treatments, the stocked fish were maintained in the same size, weight, density, and ratio. Water quality parameters were measured at intervals of seven days, and the mean values were found to be within an acceptable range for fish farming and, in most cases, did not differ significantly from each other. The specific growth rate (SGR) was found higher in T3 for G. catla (1.16 ± 0.012%/day), L. rohita (1.19 ± 0.035%/day), and C. mrigala (1.06 ± 0.03%/day) and significantly differed (p 0.05) among the treatments. Additionally, there were significant differences between the treatments in terms of ultimate weight, weight gain, survival rate, fish production, and return on investment (ROI) (p 0.05). The lower FCR in T3 (2.65 ± 0.10) than in T1 (3.32 ± 0.31) and T2 (3.21 ± 0.33) indicated that stocking wild seed had higher profitability potentials. High genetic variety in the population of naturally occurring, free-living fish, resistance to disease, a high rate of survival, and the hardiness of wild seed are all factors that might contribute to the better performance of wild seed stock. However, the total yield and total return from the T3 treatment also emphasized that carp farming using wild seed is not viable because of the variable amount, high seed cost, low transportation facilities, and very small natural seed-stock supplies from the river. Inbreeding and reduced genetic variety in the hatchery stock could result in the production of poor-quality seed, which had an impact on the production performance in culture treatments stocked with hatchery seed.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-09-2022
Abstract: Heavy metal accumulation in aquaculture farms has become a major problem due to the widespread use of artificial feed to enhance fish productivity. To estimate the contamination level and identify metal sources, we investigated the amounts of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Mn) in the surface water of commercial fresh water aquaculture farms in a south Asian tropical coastal area. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to analyze 36 water s les from 12 commercial fish farms. The results demonstrated that the range of three heavy metals were detected in a decreasing order of Mn (0.0574–0.4100 mg.L−1) Zn (0.0125–0.3250 mg.L−1) Cu (0.0275–0.085 mg.L−1). In all s les, the remaining four heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) were below the detectable level (BDL). Except for Mn, the amounts of the metals examined were below WHO and USEPA guideline values. According to the findings, the levels were found to be safe for drinking, agriculture production, and aquaculture. There was no significant correlation (p 0.05) between heavy metal concentrations and water quality parameters, indicating that pollution came from erse sources and that no single factor was controlling their levels. Furthermore, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in the mean metal values among the fish farms (p 0.05). Multivariate analyses (CA and PCA) demonstrated the association and sources of metal in the study area. Although metal levels were not beyond the threshold limit, it is recommended that suitable measures and continuous monitoring should be undertaken to reduce heavy metal pollution in aquaculture farms and prevent water quality degradation.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU15107753
Abstract: Wetlands are highly productive and erse ecosystems providing home to thousands of organisms. These ecosystems reduce water pollution, sequester carbon, support livelihoods, and increase food security. However, these ecological functions are being impeded due to increased levels of metals in the environment. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of metal contamination in the surface sediment of a wetland, Tanguar Haor, for the first time. The result demonstrated that the mean concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Hg varied from 13140.39 to 45675, 40.07 to 46.29, 47.60 to 57.15, 18.89 to 35.23, 1.24 to 2.64, and 0.35 to 0.42, respectively. The concentration of As was found to be higher than the average shale value. The concentration of Cu (44.19 μg/g) and Hg (0.38 μ/g) was very close to the shale value (45 μg/g and 0.40 μg/g, respectively), indicating a moderate level of contamination. The contamination level was further evaluated by multi-indices, e.g., the contamination factor (CF), the enrichment factor (EF), and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The average EF values for As (115.41), Cu (57.68), and Hg (55.47) were , indicating a high degree of contamination (extremely severe enrichment). However, CF values showed varied levels of pollution for ex le, the majority of the area was only somewhat contaminated with As, Cu, and Hg, but less contaminated with Fe, Zn, and Pb. According to Igeo, s ling sites were found to be unpolluted or less polluted by heavy metals. Based on potential ecological risk assessment (PERI), the degree of risk from the six heavy metals decreased in the following sequence: As Cu Zn Pb Cr Ni. PERI values indicated the study area has been exposed to moderate risk to As and low risk to other metals. This study provides an opportunity for frequent monitoring of heavy metals in this ecologically critical environment, and thus curbing heavy metal pollution.
No related grants have been discovered for As-Ad Ujjaman Nur.