ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8980-2437
Current Organisations
Jamia Hamdard
,
Patna University
,
Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, ExpressMed Laboratories, Zinj, Kingdom of Bahrain
,
JJTU
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Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660140
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major health concern that affects nearly every society worldwide. The disease is an irreversible, progressive and age-related neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by impaired cognitive function and the diffuse deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The causes of AD and the underlying mechanisms that trigger the onset of the disease are still a matter of debate. Several epidemiological studies have shown that the development of AD is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). In this review, we provide evidence for the link between T2D and AD, highlighting the critical role of insulin in the pathogenesis of these diseases, and we provide information on the genes that might be involved in the interplay between these two disorders. New insight into the complex biology of AD is necessary for the early diagnosis of the disease, the development of novel drug therapies and the prevention of these health issues.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 31-05-2014
DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660151
Abstract: Imbalances in gut microbiota are associated with metabolic disorder, which are a group of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities that increase an in idual's risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a number of risk factors have been postulated that may trigger the development of AD, the root cause of this disease is still a matter of debate. This review further investigates the etiology of AD by accumulating the current role played by gut microbiota in human, and trying to establish an inter-link between T2D and AD pathogenesis. There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that obesity is associated with alteration in the normal gut flora, reduced bacterial ersity, metabolic pathways and altered representation of bacterial genes. Obesity and T2D are considered to be induced as a result of changes within the composition of gut microbiota. The evidence gathered so far clearly advocates the involvement of gut microbes in causing obesity, a state of chronic and low-grade inflammation. Hence, understanding the microbiota of the gut is significant in relation to inflammation, as it is a key contributor for diabetes which has a direct relation to the AD pathogenesis. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota may enable further novel insight into the complex biology of AD, which is very important in order to take preventive measure such as early diagnosis, identification of new therapeutic targets and development of novel drugs.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 09-10-2019
DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709205028
Abstract: Chemokines are a family of low molecular weight proteins that induce chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, which mainly depends on the recognition of a chemo-attractant gradient and interaction with the substratum. In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), abundant chemokines are expressed in synovial tissue, cause inflammatory cells migration into the inflamed joint that necessitates the formation of new blood vessels i.e. angiogenesis. Over the decades, studies showed that continuous inflammation may lead to the loss of tissue architecture and function, causing severe disability and cartilage destruction. In spite of the advancement of modern drug therapy, thousands of arthritic patients suffer mortality and morbidity globally. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of RA. This review is carried out throughout a non-systematic search of the accessible literature, will provide an overview of the current information of chemokine in RA and also exploring the future perspective of the vital role of targeting chemokine in RA treatment. Since, chemokines are associated with inflammatory cells/leucocyte migration at the site of inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases and hence, blockade or interference with chemokines activity showing a potential approach for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. Currently, results obtained from both preclinical and clinical studies showed significant improvement in arthritis. This review summarizes the role of chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of RA and also indicates possible interactions of chemokines/receptors with various synthetic and natural compounds that may be used as a potential therapeutic target in the future for the treatment of RA.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2017
DOI: 10.1002/JCB.25870
Abstract: The purpose of the current study was to find out the possible changes polymorphic site at the promoter region of IL-18 gene in Saudi CAD patients. We have also measured serum IL-18 level to find out, the likely association between its level and polymorphic site. The present study included total 197 subjects (98 confirmed CAD patients both men and women and 99 healthy control in iduals). Serum concentration of IL-18 was measured by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay. For SNPs analysis, sanger method of DNA sequencing was followed. We observed variable numbers of SNPs at -137 C/G, -607 A/C, and -656 T/G promoter sites in our studied s les. However, the observed changes in the number of SNP hotspots were found to be non-significant compared with control. IL-18 level was found to be significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in CAD patients compared with control in iduals. The highest rise of around 36% (P < 0.001) in IL-18 level was recorded in unstable angina (UA) patients. Moreover, the group belonging to UA and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) showed only 6% rise. On the basis of our result, inflammation seems to have a role in the pathogenesis of CAD but not leading to the significant changes at the genetic level. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1849-1854, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 27-03-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11274-013-1574-Z
Abstract: The incidence of Candida infections have increased substantially in recent years due to aggressive use of immunosuppressants among patients. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravascular catheters in the intensive care unit have also attributed with high risks of candidiasis among immunocompromised patients. Among Candida species, C. albicans accounts for the majority of superficial and systemic infections, usually associated with high morbidity and mortality often caused due to increase in antimicrobial resistance and restricted number of antifungal drugs. Therefore, early detection of candidemia and correct identification of Candida species are indispensable pre-requisites for appropriate therapeutic intervention. Since blood culture based methods lack sensitivity, and species-specific identification by conventional method is time-consuming and often leads to misdiagnosis within closely related species, hence, molecular methods may provide alternative for accurate and rapid identification of Candida species. Although, several molecular approaches have been developed for accurate identification of Candida species but the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of the rRNA gene are being used extensively in a variety of formats. Of note, ITS sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS region seems to be promising as a rapid, easy, and cost-effective method for identification of Candida species. Here, we review a number of existing techniques ranging from conventional to molecular approaches currently in use for the identification of Candida species. Further, advantages and limitations of these methods are also discussed with respect to their discriminatory power, reproducibility, and ease of performance.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 31-05-2014
DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660159
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both prevalent in older in iduals and have gained significant attention due to alarming rates of increase. The high incidences of these diseases pose a great socioeconomic burden and cause major public health concerns worldwide. A number of studies have established potential links between AD and T2D, supporting the hypothesis that T2D is linked with an increased risk of AD and that controlling diabetes could have a positive impact on the prevention of AD. At present, both diseases lack precise diagnostic approaches for early intervention and effective cure. Further, the currently available diagnostic tools for AD screening are insufficiently sensitive and robust for preventive measures. Although several drugs are used for the treatment of both these diseases, none of these drugs offers complete remission of the disease, merely symptomatic relief. Moreover, these drugs have limited efficacy because of problems such as conventional drug delivery systems beyond the blood brain barrier, a lack of target specificity and diminished potency. From this perspective, the emerging field of nanotechnology has offered new techniques and tools to overcome these challenges. In this review, we discuss the direct and indirect limitations of existing therapies and describe alternative potential nanotechnological approaches that could be utilized to overcome these limitations. New insight in the field of nanomedicine is necessary for early diagnosis, the development of novel drug therapies, the action of drugs and prevention, as well as for gaining an in-depth understanding of the complex biology of both diseases.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 26-12-2017
DOI: 10.2174/1389200218666170728115606
Abstract: Despite having extensive research, the apparent pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have not yet fully understood. The Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), a ubiquitous molecular chaperone, found to have an important role in averting protein misfolding and aggregation through inhibition of apoptotic activity in neuro-inflammatory diseases. Various researchers have confirmed its role in maintaining aberrant neuronal protein's functional stability to a great capacity. It is also involved in regulating the activity of the heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), a vital regulator of the heat shock response mechanism that cells employ to protect themselves against stress conditions. This quality makes the HSP90 an ideal candidate for novel inhibitory target for therapeutic modality in NDs. An extensive literature search was conducted for relevant studies on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer- Link etc. The articles were carefully read in their entirety to determine whether they contained information on the topic of interest. Additionally, the reference sections of these articles were searched manually to get more relevant and eligible studies. We have taken an attempt to reveal how HSP90 play important roles with key neuronal proteins involved in supporting the AD and PD pathology. We have further on structure-function relationship of HSP90 to understand its efficacy as a new target in AD and PD by utilizing new generation of HSP90 inhibitors such as geldanamycin and its derivatives, 17-AAG, 17-DMAG, IPI-504, radicicol and its derivatives. HSP90 inhibition leads to suppress atypical neuronal activity by assisting in improving protein aggregation and its related toxicity. Further, the formation of neuronal aggregates is also influenced by HSP90 inhibitors and provides protection from toxicity of protein through HSF-1 activation and HSP70 induction in AD. HSP90 inhibition has emerged as a potential target in treating erse array of diseases especially NDs. In spite of a large amount of research in this direction, the clear cut molecular mechanisms of HSPs associated with neuroprotection are still poorly elucidated and hence more focus is needed toward HSPs and its inhibitory mechanism. The development of HSP90 inhibitors that induce heat-shock response without cytotoxicity for treatment of NDs are still in its early stage. A panel of novel designed research and clinical trial studies are greatly needed to establish the therapeutic reliability and efficacy of HSPs in order to provide best cure for NDs.
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 12-05-2017
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660133
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are complex diseases commonly associated with aging. Accumulating evidence indicates a connection between these two diseases at the molecular level. Much of what we currently know about T2D and AD is derived from in vivo and in vitro studies. However, further research and characterization of molecules is necessary to establish a strong connection between T2D and AD. In silico studies play a major role in finding non-evident patterns of gene expression and gene network connectivity. In this review, we give a brief introduction to T2D and AD and then describe the risk factors and molecules that are commonly associated with these diseases. Finally, we discuss the future directions and applications of bioinformatics that can provide greater insight into the relationship between these two diseases. Analysis and integration of high-throughput data on genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics from normal and disease tissues would be very useful to improve our understanding of the mechanism behind disease initiation and the connection between these two diseases. We encourage researchers to use bioinformatics approaches to identify genes and their regulatory pathways that are commonly affected in T2D and AD, as these genes and pathways could be potential biomarkers and targets for disease treatment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.763577
Abstract: Today cancer is a leading cause of death among the developed countries. Its highly complex nature makes it difficult to understand as it entails multiple cellular physiological systems such as cell signaling and apoptosis. The biggest challenges faced by cancer chemoprevention/chemotherapy is maintaining drug circulation and avoiding multidrug resistance. Overall there is modest evidence regarding the protective effects of nutrients from supplements against a number of cancers. Numerous scientific literatures available advocate the use of polyphenols for chemoprevention. Some groups have also suggested use of combination of nutrients in cancer prevention. However, we have yet to obtain the desired results in the line of cancer chemotherapy research. Nanotechnology can play a pivotal role in cancer treatment and prevention. Moreover, nanoparticles can be modified in various ways to prolong circulation, enhance drug localization, increase drug efficacy, and potentially decrease the chances of multidrug resistance. In this communication, we will cover the use of various polyphenols and nutrients in cancer chemoprevention. The application of nanotechnology in this regard will also be included. In view of available reports on the potential of nanoparticles, we suggest their usage along with different combination of nutrients as cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Location: Bahrain
Location: Saudi Arabia
Location: No location found
No related grants have been discovered for Dr. Qamre Alam.