ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1565-8193
Current Organisations
RMIT University
,
University of Newcastle Australia
,
Curtin University
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Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 14-04-2011
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2467
Abstract: Purpose: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a multifunctional protein that can interact with different transcription factors to activate gene expression. The role of YAP1 in tumorigenesis is unclear. We aimed to investigate the functional role of YAP1 in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. Experimental Design: YAP1 expresson in gastric adenocarcinoma was evaluated. The biological function was determined by proliferation assay, colony formation, cell invasion, and flow cytometric analysis through knocking down or ectopic expressing YAP1 in gastric cancer cell lines coupled with in vivo study. The possible downstream effectors of YAP1 were investigated by expression microarray. Results: YAP1 protein expression was upregulated in gastric cancer. Nuclear accumulation of YAP1 was associated with poor disease-specific survival (P = 0.021), especially in patients with early-stage diseases (P & 0.001). Knockdown YAP1 resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation, anchorage-dependent colony formation, cell invasion, and cell motility. Ectopic YAP1 expression promoted anchorage-independent colony formation, induced a more invasive phenotype, and accelerated cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis highlighted the alteration of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway by YAP1. We confirmed a constitutive activation of RAF/MEK/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) in YAP1-expressing MKN45 cells and further showed that YAP1 enhanced serum/epidermal growth factor–induced c-Fos expression in gastric cancer cells. Conclusions: Our findings supported that YAP1 exhibits oncogenic property in gastric cancer. We provided the first evidence that YAP1 exerted the oncogenic function by enhancing the capacity to activate the early-response gene pathway. YAP1 could be a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Clin Cancer Res 17(8) 2130–9. ©2011 AACR.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2005.09.062
Abstract: This paper examined the dewetting between a small air bubble and a solid surface in deionised water. Hydrodynamics was used in conjunction with surface molecular kinetics to model and predict the velocity of the moving contact line as a function of the dynamic macroscopic contact angle. The dewetting hydrodynamics was modelled following the approach developed specifically for drops and bubbles using the (absolute) coordinate system with the origin located at the centre of the contact area, which does not move with the moving contact line. The model provides accurate corrections unavailable in the generic hydrodynamic theories developed by Voinov and Cox, and removes the need for a macroscopic length scale employed in their generic theories. Molecular kinetics was used to determine the contact angle of the inner region close to the contact line, where the hydrodynamic approach breaks down due to the singularity. Unlike the generic hydrodynamic theories, the inner (microscopic) angle in our combined model is not a constant (a fitting parameter) but is a function of the moving contact line velocity and other molecular properties of the interfaces. The combined model agreed with the experimental data and produced physically consistent values for the slip length, molecular jumping distance and frequency. The dissolved gases accumulated at the non-wetting solid-liquid interface may influence the slip length.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JSDE.12228
Abstract: The surface tension of different Triton surfactants (X‐100, X‐405, and X‐705) with or without adding sodium chloride was measured in the temperature range between 20 and 40°C using the maximum bubble pressure method. Rising temperature reduced the surface tension of Triton surfactants via disrupting the H‐bonds between the ethylene oxide (EO) group and water. Increasing the number of the EO groups created the steeper thermal gradient of the surface tension. The data indicated that EO‐water bonds are easier to be broken by rising temperature than the water–water H‐bonds, with an entropy change of −0.535 J deg −1 per mole of EO. The presence of NaCl decreased the surface tension for all systems. However, NaCl produced a synergistic effect with surfactants on the surface tension.
Publisher: The Chemical Society of Japan
Date: 05-10-2017
DOI: 10.1246/CL.170621
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-12-2012
DOI: 10.1002/APJ.527
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/CJCE.24649
Abstract: Microwave (MW)‐assisted de‐emulsification has been attractive in processes of petroleum production and refining. However, the mechanism and optimal operation remain poorly understood. In this study, the behaviour of decane‐in‐water emulsion under MW irradiation was monitored in‐situ through a size measurement system equipped with the reactor and surface tension profiles. The results indicated that the bubble was formed around the oil droplet during MW irradiation. The MW‐induced bubbles can enhance de‐emulsification in a similar mechanism as the flotation column. The efficiency of MW de‐emulsification depends on emulsion content and MW power. Although a higher MW power is more effective, boiling caused by excessive energy must be considered due to the higher local heating. As a result, moderate power is more desirable. For the decane‐in‐water emulsions in this study, the optimal condition was determined to be around 500 W.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 07-02-2012
Abstract: Temporal integration in the visual system causes fast-moving objects to generate static, oriented traces (‘motion streaks’), which could be used to help judge direction of motion. While human psychophysics and single-unit studies in non-human primates are consistent with this hypothesis, direct neural evidence from the human cortex is still lacking. First, we provide psychophysical evidence that faster and slower motions are processed by distinct neural mechanisms: faster motion raised human perceptual thresholds for static orientations parallel to the direction of motion, whereas slower motion raised thresholds for orthogonal orientations. We then used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity while human observers viewed either fast (‘streaky’) or slow random dot stimuli moving in different directions, or corresponding static-oriented stimuli. We found that local spatial patterns of brain activity in early retinotopic visual cortex reliably distinguished between static orientations. Critically, a multivariate pattern classifier trained on brain activity evoked by these static stimuli could then successfully distinguish the direction of fast (‘streaky’) but not slow motion. Thus, signals encoding static-oriented streak information are present in human early visual cortex when viewing fast motion. These experiments show that motion streaks are present in the human visual system for faster motion.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-01-2014
DOI: 10.1021/LA403830K
Abstract: This article presents a new configuration of a water droplet floating on oil surface. The configuration is characterized by an acute contact angle (i.e., θ2 < π/2). In contrast, the previously identified droplet had an obtuse contact angle, which was easily sunk by a small disturbance. By employing a common surfactant, the new configuration was experimentally verified in a mineral oil with a density similar to that of crude oils. The new droplet is kinetically more stable than the previous configuration and can sustain strong disturbances. The results also highlight the significance of dynamic interfacial adsorption on the stability of the floating droplet.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-09-2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-07-2003
DOI: 10.1021/LA034038B
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-02-2012
DOI: 10.1021/LA204820A
Abstract: The floatability of water on oil surface was studied. A numerical model was developed from the Young-Laplace equation on three interfaces (water/oil, water/air, and oil/air) to predict the theoretical equilibration conditions. The model was verified successfully with an oil/water system. The stability of the floating droplet depends on the combination of three interface tensions, oil density, and water droplet volume. For practical purposes, however, the equilibrium contact angle has to be greater than 5° so the water droplet can effectively float. This result has significant applications for biodegrading oil wastes.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-05-2014
DOI: 10.1021/LA500721D
Abstract: The synergistic adsorption of a binary surfactant mixture was investigated by tensiometry and neutron reflectometry. The results directly contradicted the conventional Gibbs adsorption equation. The accompanied molecular simulation demonstrated a multilayer arrangement at the synergic conditions, with three distinctively oriented water layers. The positive synergism can be explained by considering the relationship between water orientation and surface tension, in a similar manner to Langmuir's proposal in 1920s. In spite of the supporting evidence, the relationship has not been quantified in literature. The molecular orientation and arrangement are not included in the current theoretical framework, which simplifies the adsorbed zone into a single monolayer. A new theoretical framework is needed to properly quantify the interfacial adsorption for the mixed surfactant systems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40538-021-00277-W
Abstract: Nano-particles of metals can be routinely synthesized. The cereal seeds treatment with the particles can improve early growth and crop production. Moreover, the treatment is robust and economical. Metal (Fe 0 , Cu 0 , Co 0 ), zinc oxide (ZnO) and chitosan-stabilized silver nano-particles were synthesized and applied to cereal seeds. The germination rate, early plant development and inhibition effects on pathogenic fungi were quantified. It was found that all nano-particles had a positive effect on the development of healthy cereal seedlings. In particular, the length of the above-ground part of the seedlings was increased by 8–22%. The highest inhibition effect was observed on Helminthosporium teres with the application of Co 0 and chitosan-Ag. Pre-sowing treatment with metal nano-particles reduced the number of infected grains by two times for wheat and 3.6 times for barley. The application also increases the chlorophylls and carotenoids in both uninfected and infected seedlings. The results demonstrated a robust application of nano-particles in improving cereal production.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-08-2018
Publisher: Spandidos Publications
Date: 23-04-2014
DOI: 10.3892/OR.2014.3148
Abstract: Ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit (RRM2) is one of the two subunits of human ribonucleotide reductase which plays a critical role in tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to analyze its expression, clinical significance and biological functions in gastric adenocarcinoma. We observed the upregulation of RRM2 mRNA and protein in all nine gastric cancer cell lines examined. In paired primary gastric cancers, both mRNA and protein levels of RRM2 were significantly upregulated in tumors compared with the corresponding non-tumorous gastric tissues. RRM2 protein expression correlated with higher tumor grade, advanced T stage and poor disease-specific survival. RRM2 knockdown in gastric cancer cell lines AGS, MKN1 and MKN28 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, inhibited monolayer colony formation, reduced cell invasion and induced apoptosis. Downregulation of RRM2 suppressed xenograft formation in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that RRM2 plays a crucial role in gastric tumorigenesis and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1038/BJC.2016.33
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 14-06-2011
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4274
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Treatment of HCC is complicated by the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when it is no longer amenable to curative surgery, and current systemic chemotherapeutics are mostly inefficacious. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase that is implicated in gene regulations and stress resistance. In this study, we found that SIRT1 is essential for the tumorigenesis of HCC. We showed that although SIRT1 was expressed at very low levels in normal livers, it was overexpressed in HCC cell lines and in a subset of HCC. Tissue microarray analysis of HCC and adjacent nontumoral liver tissues revealed a positive correlation between the expression levels of SIRT1 and advancement in tumor grades. Downregulation of SIRT1 consistently suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells via the induction of cellular senescence or apoptosis. SIRT1 silencing also caused telomere dysfunction–induced foci and nuclear abnormality that were clearly associated with reduced expressions of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and PTOP, which is a member of the shelterin complex. Ectopic expression of either TERT or PTOP in SIRT1-depleted cells significantly restored cell proliferation. There was also a positive correlation between the level of induction of SIRT1 and PTOP in human HCC. Finally, SIRT1-silencing sensitized HCC cells to doxorubicin treatment. Together, our findings reveal a novel function for SIRT1 in telomere maintenance of HCC, and they rationalize the clinical exploration of SIRT1 inhibitors for HCC therapy. Cancer Res 71(12) 4138–49. ©2011 AACR.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-07-2010
DOI: 10.1002/CJCE.20341
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES28093971
Abstract: Solvent extraction has been ubiquitously used to recover valuable metals from wastes such as spent batteries and electrical boards. With increasing demands for energy transition, there is a critical need to improve the recycling rate of critical metals, including copper. Therefore, the sustainability of reagents is critical for the overall sustainability of the process. Yet, the recycling process relies on functional organic compounds based on the hydroxyoxime group. To date, hydroxyoxime extractants have been produced from petrol-based chemical feedstocks. Recently, natural-based cardanol has been used to produce an alternative hydroxyoxime. The natural-based oxime has been employed to recover valuable metals (Ga, Ni, Co) via a liquid/liquid extraction process. The natural compound has a distinctive structure with 15 carbons in the alkyl tail. In contrast, petrol-based hydroxyoximes have only 12 or fewer carbons. However, the molecular advantages of this natural-based compound over the current petrol-based ones remain unclear. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was employed to investigate the effect of extractant hydrocarbon chains on the extraction of copper ions. Two hydroxyoxime extractants with 12 and 15 carbons in the alkyl chain were found to have similar interactions with Cu2+ ions. Yet, a slight molecular binding increase was observed when the carbon chain was increased. In addition, lengthening the carbon chain made the extracting stage easier and the stripping stage harder. The binding would result in a lower pH in the extraction step and a lower pH in the stripping step. The insights from this molecular study would help design the extraction circuit using natural-based hydroxyoxime extractants. A successful application of cashew-based cardanol will improve the environmental benefits of the recycling process. With cashew-producing regions in developing countries, the application also improves these regions’ social and economic sustainability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-11-2012
DOI: 10.1111/APT.12091
Abstract: The diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis relies on liver biopsy. Non-invasive assessments are urgently needed. To evaluate cell apoptotic marker cytokeratin-18 M30 and total cell death markers cytokeratin-18 M65/M65ED for the assessment and monitoring of NAFLD. A cohort of 147 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 73 controls were enrolled, including 51 patients who received paired liver biopsies 36 months apart. Biomarkers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. M30, M65 and M65ED increased in a stepwise fashion in control subjects, patients with non-NASH, NAFLD and NASH (all P < 0.001). All biomarkers had similarly high accuracy over 0.9 in predicting NAFLD and moderate accuracy around 0.7 in predicting NASH. Among patients with paired liver biopsies, changes in M30, M65 and M65ED positively correlated with disease progression (rho = 0.42, 0.32 and 0.39 P = 0.002, 0.023 and 0.005 respectively), and only changes in M65 and M65ED correlated with fibrosis progression (rho = 0.29, 0.34 P = 0.038, 0.015 respectively). Both M30 and M65 had area under receiver-operating characteristics curve above 0.8 in predicting disease progression. At cut-off of 236 U/L, changes of M65ED had 88% NPV and 59% PPV to exclude and predict fibrosis progression. Cytokeratin-18 M30 and M65/M65ED have moderate accuracy in detecting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Changes in the biomarkers also correlate with histological progression. However, development of new biomarkers is still required to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Publisher: Surface Science Society Japan
Date: 2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-06-2013
DOI: 10.1021/JP4027157
Abstract: Alcohols have an hiphilic characteristic and are employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties. In this study, the change in surface potential (ΔV) and surface tension of 1-hexanol were measured on the subsurface of electrolyte solutions (NaCl at 0.02, 0.2, and 2 M). The results were fitted by a newly proposed model, which includes the influence of electrolytes and surface concentration of surfactant at the air-water interface. The findings were compared to those of a previous study on methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC). Most significantly, the modeling results showed opposite behaviors between the two systems: adsorbed MIBC enhances the presence of cations, whereas adsorbed 1-hexanol enhances the presence of anions. The difference highlights the significance of the molecular structure on the arrangement at the air/water interface.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1038/AJG.2009.560
Abstract: Chronic hepatitis B patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Our objective was to test whether dysregulation of adipokines contributes to liver injury. We also studied whether viral factors affected adipokines, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. A prospective cohort of 266 chronic hepatitis B patients undergoing liver biopsy was studied. Fasting blood was taken for the analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Factors associated with significant necroinflammation and cirrhosis were identified. Histological activity index was correlated with serum TNF-alpha (R=0.40, P<0.0001) and IL-6 (R=0.32, P<0.0001) but not with adiponectin, leptin, or resistin. By multivariate analysis, TNF-alpha was associated with significant necroinflammation after adjusting for age and viral factors (odds ratio (OR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002-1.082, P=0.04). Serum adiponectin had positive correlation with hepatitis B virus DNA (R=0.17, P=0.007) and was decreased in patients with insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, viral load, hepatitis B e-antigen status, and genotypes had no association with insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6. A total of 68 (25.6%) patients had cirrhosis. HOMA-IR, but not adipokine dysregulation, was independently associated with cirrhosis (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.15, P=0.006). TNF-alpha and/or IL-6 contribute to hepatic necroinflammation in chronic hepatitis B patients. Adiponectin protects against insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis but does not affect liver injury. Adipokines and viral factors contribute to liver injury independently.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-07-2023
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV-2023-4M365
Abstract: The affinity of hiphiles to the water/air surface was modelled by extending Eberhart’s equation. The equation successfully describes surface tension for all hiphilic structures, including alkanols, carboxylic acids, non-ionic, ionic and Gemini surfactants. The model is more effective than the conventional analysis for hiphiles with multiple ionic states. The prediction was consistently validated at different temperatures and non-aqueous solvents. The modelling results show a linear correlation between surface affinity and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. For alkanols, the affinity increment is 2.84 kJ/mol per CH2 group, the same as the reported energy from monomer to aggregate for non-ionic surfactants. For carboxylic acids, the affinity increment per CH2 group is 3.18 kJ/mol, incorporating the degree of acid dissociation. The affinity-hydrophilicity correlation is approximately -0.22 kJ/mol per oxyethylene group.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2005.05.030
Abstract: The combined approach of the molecular-kinetic and hydrodynamic theories for description of the motion of three-phase gas-liquid-solid contact lines has been examined using the Wilhelmy plate method. The whole dynamic meniscus has been ided into molecular, hydrodynamic, and static-like regions. The Young-Laplace equation and the molecular-kinetic and hydrodynamic dewetting theories have been applied to describe the meniscus profiles and contact angle. The dissipative forces accompanying the dynamic dewetting have also been investigated. The experiments with a Wilhelmy plate made from an acrylic polymer sheet were carried out using a computerized apparatus for contact angle analysis (OCA 20, DataPhysics, Germany). The extrapolated dynamic contact angle versus velocity of the three-phase contact line for Milli-Q water and 5x10(-4) M SDBS solution was experimentally obtained and compared with the combined MHD models with low and moderate Reynolds numbers. The models predict similar results for the extrapolated contact angle. SDBS decreases the equilibrium contact angle and increases the molecular jumping length but does not affect the molecular frequency significantly. The hydrodynamic deformation of the meniscus, viscous dissipation, and friction were also influenced by the SDBS surfactant.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-04-2012
DOI: 10.1021/LA3014865
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-08-2014
DOI: 10.1117/12.2063436
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.OTOHNS.2010.08.028
Abstract: To evaluate the relationship of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, including choline/creatine ratio (Cho/Cr) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with protein expression of 10 common tumor and prognostic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cross‐sectional study. University hospital. The Cho/Cr and ADC obtained from 74 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were correlated with the expression level of the 10 protein markers as determined by immunohistochemistry. Cho/Cr showed significant positive correlations with cyclooxygenase 2 in primary tumors ( r = 0.714), and epidermal growth factor receptor in metastatic cervical lymph nodes ( r = 0.522). ADC showed significant ( r = −0.591) negative correlation with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in metastatic cervical lymph nodes. There are relationships between protein and functional MRI markers. Future research in this direction may improve our understanding of the cancer micro‐environment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-05-2020
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-08-2014
DOI: 10.1117/12.2063433
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-08-2014
DOI: 10.1021/LA5019218
Abstract: In this study, microwave irradiation was applied to hanging droplets of both water and ethylene glycol. Once the irradiation had ceased and the droplet was allowed to return to its original temperature, it was found that the surface tension of ethylene glycol returned to its original value. In contrast, the water surface tension remained well below its original value for an extended period of time. Similar observations have been reported for magnetically treated water, but this is the first time that such a lasting effect has been reported for microwave irradiation. The effect can be attributed to the unique hydrogen bonds of interfacial water molecules. While the irradiation intensities used in this study are well above those in household devices, there is certainly the potential to apply the methodology to industrial applications where the manipulation of surface tension is required without the use of chemical addition.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.07.019
Abstract: Pine cone bio-char was synthesized through slow pyrolysis at 500°C, characterized and used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of organic Methylene Blue (MB) dye and inorganic nickel metal (Ni(II) ions from aqueous phase. Batch adsorption kinetic study was carried out by varying solution pH, dye concentration, temperature, adsorbent dose and contact time. Kinetic and isotherm models indicates that the adsorption of both adsorbates onto pine cone bio-char were mainly by chemisorption. Langmuir maximum adsorption capability was found to be 106.4 and 117.7mg/g for Methylene Blue (MB) and nickel ions (NI(II) respectively. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous. These results indicate the applicability of pine cone as a cheap precursor for the sustainable production of cost-effective and environmental friendly bio-char adsorbent.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-07-2008
Abstract: Cyclooxoygenase (COX)-2 overexpression is involved in gastric carcinogenesis. While high-salt intake is a known risk factor for gastric cancer development, we determined the effects of high salt on gastric chemical carcinogenesis in COX-2 transgenic (TG) mice. COX-2 TG mice were developed in C57/BL6 strain using the full-length human cox-2 complementary DNA construct. Six-week-old COX-2 TG and wild-type (WT) littermates were randomly allocated to receive alternate week of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU, 240 p.p.m.) in drinking water or control for 10 weeks. Two groups of mice were further treated with 10% NaCl during the initial 10 weeks. All mice were killed at the end of week 50. Both forced COX-2 overexpression and high-salt intake significantly increased the frequency of gastric cancer development in mice as compared with WT littermates treated with MNU alone. However, no additive effect was observed on the combination of high salt and COX-2 expression. We further showed that MNU and high-salt treatment increased chronic inflammatory infiltrates and induced prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in the non-cancerous stomach. Whereas high-salt treatment markedly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6) in the gastric mucosa, COX-2 overexpression significantly altered the cell kinetics in the MNU-induced gastric cancer model. In conclusion, both high salt and COX-2 overexpression promote chemical-induced gastric carcinogenesis, possibly related to chronic inflammation, induction of PGE(2), disruption of cell kinetics and induction of inflammatory cytokines.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-02-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2014
Publisher: Spandidos Publications
Date: 19-03-2014
DOI: 10.3892/OR.2014.3094
Abstract: MCM7 (mini-chromosome maintenance protein 7) is essential for the initiation of genomic replication as a component of the pre-replication complex. The present study aimed to analyze its expression, clinical significance and biological functions in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The MCM7 protein was upregulated in all 9 GAC cell lines. In 6 paired primary GACs, MCM7 was upregulated in tumor compared with the corresponding non-tumorous gastric tissues. In normal gastric epithelium tissue, MCM7 was strictly expressed in the proliferative compartment. MCM7 knockdown by siRNA in gastric cancer cell line AGS and NCI-N87 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, inhibited monolayer colony formation, reduced cell invasion and induced late apoptosis. Its nuclear expression correlated with advanced age and poorer disease specific survival in diffuse-type GACs. All the findings supported that MCM7 might play an oncogenic role in gastric tumorigenesis. It serves as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in diffuse-type GACs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-04-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JZ500556N
Abstract: Directional and controllable transportation of microdroplets is critical for emerging micro- and nanotechnology, in which the conventional mechanical energy generation is not applicable. This Letter shows that an aqueous microdroplet can be charged for controlled motion in electrostatic potential, which was created by differentiating pH, between two oil/water interfaces. The directional motion of the droplet, <100 μm in diameter, was obtained with a constant velocity of ∼1 mm/s. The force analysis showed that the droplet surface was charged and recharged oppositely by ion transfer through interfacial layers, without significant mass transfer. The charging and recharging cycles were recorded continuously with a single droplet over 100 times. The energy for motion was generated from pH neutralization, which is the simplest aqueous reaction. This is the first time that the phenomenon is reported. The phenomenon can be employed as an efficient and robust method to convert chemical to mechanical energy for miniaturized devices and microprocesses.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S40538-021-00236-5
Abstract: Cashew nut shell is a by-product of cashew ( Anacardium occidentale ) production, which is abundant in many developing countries. Cashew nut shell liquor (CNSL) contains a functional chemical, cardanol, which can be converted into a hydroxyoxime. The hydroxyoximes are expensive reagents for metal extraction. CNSL-based oxime was synthesized and used to extract Ni, Co, and Mn from aqueous solutions. The extraction potential was compared against a commercial extractant (LIX 860N). All metals were successfully extracted with pH 0.5 between 4 and 6. The loaded organic phase was subsequently stripped with an acidic solution. The extraction efficiency and pH 0.5 of the CNSL-based extractant were similar to a commercial phenol-oxime extractant. The metals were stripped from the loaded organic phase with a recovery rate of 95% at a pH of 1. Cashew-based cardanol can be used to economically produce an oxime in a simple process. The naturally-based oxime has the economic potential to sustainably recover valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2014
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-04-2013
DOI: 10.1021/LA3046302
Abstract: The Gibbs adsorption equation has been indispensable in predicting the surfactant adsorption at the interfaces, with many applications in industrial and natural processes. This study uses a new theoretical framework to model surfactant adsorption at the air/water interface without the Gibbs equation. The model was applied to two surfactants, C14TAB and C16TAB, to determine the maximum surface excesses. The obtained values demonstrated a fundamental change, which was verified by simulations, in the molecular arrangement at the interface. The new insights, in combination with recent discoveries in the field, expose the limitations of applying the Gibbs adsorption equation to cationic surfactants at the air/water interface.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-03-2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-09-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-11-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JSDE.12371
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-01-2012
DOI: 10.1021/JP210053U
Abstract: The surface potential (ΔV) and surface tension (γ) of MIBC (methyl isobutyl carbinol) were measured on the subphase of pure water and electrolyte solutions (NaCl at 0.02 and 2 M). In contrast to ionic surfactants, it was found that surface potential gradually increased with MIBC concentration. The ΔV curves were strongly influenced by the presence of NaCl. The available model in literature, in which surface potential is linearly proportional to surface excess, failed to describe the experimental data. Consequently, a new model, employing a partial charge of alcohol adsorption layer, was proposed. The new model predicted the experimental data consistently for MIBC in different NaCl solutions. However, the model required additional information for ionic impurity to predict adsorption in the absence of electrolyte. Such inclusion of impurities is, however, unnecessary for industrial applications. The modeling results successfully quantify the influence of electrolytes on surface potential of MIBC, which is critical for froth stability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-12-2015
DOI: 10.1021/LA504471Q
Abstract: Alcohols are a significant group of surfactants which have been employed extensively in industry to improve the interfacial effects. Recently, the change in surface potential (ΔV) of two isomeric hexanols, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and 1-hexanol, was investigated by using an ionizing (241)Am electrode. It clearly showed the opposite effects between MIBC and 1-hexanol in the interfacial zone: one enhanced the presence of cations, whereas the other enhanced the presence of anions. This study employs molecular dynamics simulation to provide new insights into the interactions between alcohol molecules and ions as well as water at the molecular level. The results qualitatively agreed with the experimental data and verified the significance of MIBC branching structure on the molecular arrangement within the interfacial zone. The results also highlighted the role of the second water layer on the interfacial properties.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/JSDE.12536
Abstract: The tensile strength of thin aqueous films plays an important role in foaming systems. This study experimentally measured the film tension by applying a new method to three soap solutions with different glycerol contents. It was found that the film tension was independent of bubble size. The results indicated that the molecular interaction within the thin liquid film has a negative contribution to the film tension of ca . −3 mN m −1 . The glycerol content has an insignificant influence on the film tension. This new method can provide unique insights into foam systems in food, detergency, and chemical processes.
Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Date: 20-09-2012
Abstract: Epigenetic aberrations have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study of patients with unresectable HCC and chronic liver disease, epigenetic therapy with the histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat was assessed. The objectives were to determine dose-limiting toxicity and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), to assess pharmacokinetics in phase I, and to assess activity of and explore potential biomarkers for response in phase II. Major eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed unresectable HCC, European Cooperative Oncology Group performance score ≤ 2, and adequate organ function. Phase I consisted of 18 patients belinostat was given intravenously once per day on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks dose levels were 600 mg/m 2 per day (level 1), 900 mg/m 2 per day (level 2), 1,200 mg/m 2 per day (level 3), and 1,400 mg/m 2 per day (level 4). Phase II consisted of 42 patients. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), and the main secondary end points were response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and overall survival (OS). Exploratory analysis was conducted on pretreatment tumor tissues to determine whether HR23B expression is a potential biomarker for response. Belinostat pharmacokinetics were linear from 600 to 1,400 mg/m 2 without significant accumulation. The MTD was not reached at the maximum dose administered. Dose level 4 was used in phase II. The median number of cycles was two (range, one to 12). The partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) rates were 2.4% and 45.2%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 2.64 and 6.60 months, respectively. Exploratory analysis revealed that disease stabilization rate (complete response plus PR plus SD) in tumors having high and low HR23B histoscores were 58% and 14%, respectively (P = .036). Epigenetic therapy with belinostat demonstrates tumor stabilization and is generally well-tolerated. HR23B expression was associated with disease stabilization.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1252/JCEJ.15WE290
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 25-06-2010
Abstract: Patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have increased mortality and liver-related complications. In contrast, simple steatosis is considered benign and non-progressive. To investigate disease progression in patients with different degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity. Prospective longitudinal hospital-based cohort study. Fifty-two patients (age 44+/-9 years) with biopsy-proven NAFLD had liver biopsies repeated at month 36. Among 13 patients with simple steatosis at baseline, 2 (15%) had a normal liver at month 36, 3 (23%) continued to have simple steatosis, 5 (39%) developed borderline NASH and 3 (23%) developed NASH. Among 22 patients with borderline NASH at baseline, 4 (18%) had simple steatosis and 13 (59%) had borderline NASH at month 36, while 5 (23%) developed NASH. Among 17 patients with NASH at baseline, 10 (59%) continued to have NASH and 6 (35%) had borderline NASH at month 36. Only 1 (6%) patient regressed to simple steatosis. Overall, 14 (27%) patients had fibrosis progression, 25 (48%) had static disease, and 13 (25%) had fibrosis regression. Reduction in body mass index and waist circumference was independently associated with non-progressive disease activity and fibrosis. The baseline serum levels and month 36 changes in adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and leptin were not associated with disease progression. Serum cytokeratin-18 fragment level reflected disease activity and its change correlated with the change in NAFLD activity score (R=0.51, p<0.001). Patients with simple steatosis may still develop NASH and fibrosis progression. Weight reduction is associated with non-progressive disease. All patients with NAFLD should undergo periodic assessment and lifestyle modification.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 19-04-2016
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between molecular arrangement and surface tension of water mixtures with methanol and ethanol. It has been found that the molecular structure of interfacial zone was deterministically correlated to alcohol concentration. From the water dipole moment, an interfacial boundary was defined. The boundary then was used to calculate the water and alcohols in the interfacial zone, which was then used to calculate the surface tension. The prediction from simulated data closely followed the experimental data. The analysis revives the relevance of the molecular arrangement, which had been the main focus in the early 20th century, in quantification of surface energy. The results can supplement the current thermodynamic analysis to correctly predict the surface adsorption.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CIS.2013.10.019
Abstract: This work shows a successful ex le of coupling of theory and experiment to study the tribology of bubble rubbing on solid surface. Such kind of investigation is reported for the first time in the literature. A theory about wetting film intercalated between bubble and moving solid surface was developed, thus deriving the non-linear evolution differential equation which accounted for the friction slip coefficient at the solid surface. The stationary 3D film thickness profile, which appears to be a solution of the differential equation, for each particular speed of motion of the solid surface was derived by means of special procedure and unique interferometric experimental setup. This allowed us to determine the 3D map of the lift pressure within the wetting film, the friction force per unit area and the friction coefficient of rubbing at different speeds of motion of the solid surface. Thus, we observed interesting tribological details about the rubbing of the bubble on the solid surface like for ex le: 1. A regime of mixed friction between dry and lubricated friction exists in the range of 6-170 μm/s, beyond which the rubbing between the bubble and solid becomes completely lubricated and passes through the maximum 2. The friction coefficient of rubbing has high values at very small speeds of solid's motion and reduces substantially with the increase of the speed of the solid motion until reaching small values, which change insignificantly with the further increase of the speed of the solid. Despite the numerous studies on the motion of bubble/droplet in close proximity to solid wall in the literature, the present investigation appears to be a step ahead in this area as far as we were able to derive 3D maps of the bubble close to the solid surface, which makes the investigation more profound.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: The Chemical Society of Japan
Date: 05-02-2017
DOI: 10.1246/CL.161007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-04-2017
Abstract: Aqueous-based synthesis is one of the most popular methods to prepare nanoparticles. In these procedures, surfactants are needed to regulate the growth and final particle size. While there are numerous evidence on the decisive role of surfactants, a quantitative description remains elusive. This study develops a theoretical model to correlate the surfactant activities to particle growth. In the model, the "penetrability" of ions within surfactant layer is used to combine surface reaction and adsorption/desorption processes. The penetrability was then directly correlated to surfactant size. The theory was verified by synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles with series of cationic surfactants. Eight surfactants, with same headgroup and increasing hydrocarbon tail, were employed. The experimental data showed a deterministic correlation between surfactant tails and particle size. The experimental correlation between surfactant length and particle size was predicted by the model. The modeling results verify the role of surfactant as capping agent during particle growth. More importantly, it provides a theoretical framework to control particle size in wet synthesis.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 30-08-2009
Abstract: The breakup of a laminar liquid jet is the underling phenomena used to generate emulsions in micro-scale devices. Jet breakup is induced by the most unstable disturbance growing on the jet surface, and linear instability analysis can be utilized to predict the resultant droplet size. Previously, instability analysis has been applied to stationary jets at intermediate Re only. This study investigates the influence of the jet velocity on the jet breakup at low Re number. The breakups of moving liquid jets were monitored using a high speed camera. The jet diameter, jet breakup length and resultant droplet sizes were strongly influenced by jet velocity. In addition to a simplified solution, a linear analysis for a moving jet was developed to determine the resultant droplet size. It was found that the full analysis is required to correctly predict the droplet size at low Re number.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-07-2016
Abstract: This article reconsiders the current theory on the interfacial adsorption of ionic surfactants. In particular, the dissociation degree of the adsorbed surfactants was critically re-examined. A new modeling framework was developed to include partial dissociation into the current theory. The model was verified, with physically consistent parameters, for two cationic surfactants. Partial dissociation can resolve some of the abnormalities in the literature. Finally, the future direction for surface studies, which will need to include this factor, is presented.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-12-2013
DOI: 10.1002/CJCE.20701
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/PATH.4688
Abstract: Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) catalyses histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) to silence tumour-suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the process of locus-specific recruitment remains elusive. Here we investigated the transcription factors involved and the molecular consequences in HCC development. The genome-wide distribution of H3K27me3 was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing or promoter array analyses in HCC cells from hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein transgenic mouse and human cell models. Transcription factor binding site analysis was performed to identify EZH2-interacting transcription factors followed by functional characterization. Our cross-species integrative analysis revealed a crucial link between Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 in HCC. Gene expression analysis of human HBV-associated HCC specimens demonstrated concordant overexpression of YY1 and EZH2, which correlated with poor survival of patients in advanced stages. The YY1 binding motif was significantly enriched in both in vivo and in vitro H3K27me3-occupied genes, including genes for 15 tumour-suppressive microRNAs. Knockdown of YY1 reduced not only global H3K27me3 levels, but also EZH2 and H3K27me3 promoter occupancy and DNA methylation, leading to the transcriptional up-regulation of microRNA-9 isoforms in HCC cells. Concurrent EZH2 knockdown and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment synergistically increased the levels of microRNA-9, which reduced the expression and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Functionally, YY1 promoted HCC tumourigenicity and inhibited apoptosis of HCC cells, at least partially through NF-κB activation. In conclusion, YY1 overexpression contributes to EZH2 recruitment for H3K27me3-mediated silencing of tumour-suppressive microRNAs, thereby activating NF-κB signalling in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2018
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1491065
Abstract: A practical continuous adsorption study in a packed-bed column was conducted by using two separate layers of kaolin and pine cone based biochar packed bed adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from its aqueous solution. A series of column experiments were performed to determine the breakthrough curves (BTCs) by varying bed height (3-7 cm), inlet flow rate (13-17 ml/min) and initial dye concentration (50-150 mg/L). The Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) and Dose response (DR) dynamic models were applied to column experimental data under various operational conditions to predict the column breakthrough curves (BTC) using both nonlinear regression and linear regression and to determine various characteristic parameters such as percentage removal of dye, breakthrough time, used bed length, mass transfer zone (MTZ) and dye adsorption density
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-07-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-15853-9
Abstract: Microwaves, long used as a convenient household appliance, have been increasingly used in industrial processes such as organic synthesis and oil processing. It has been proposed that microwaves can enhance these chemical processes via a non-thermal effect. Here we report the instantaneous effect of microwaves on the permittivity and phase velocity of light in water through the in-situ measurement of changes in refractive index. Microwave irradiation was found to reduce the water refractive index (RI) sharply. The reduction increased as a function of microwave power to a far greater extent than expected from the change in temperature. The phase velocity of light in water increases up to ~ 5% (RI of 1.27) during microwave irradiation. Upon stopping irradiation, the return to the equilibrium RI was delayed by up to 30 min. Our measurement shows that microwaves have a profound non-thermal and long-lasting effect on the properties of water. Further investigation is planned to verify if the observed RI reduction is restricted to the region near the surface or deep inside water bulk. The observation suggests a relationship between microwave-induced and the enhanced aqueous reactions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CIS.2014.08.003
Abstract: We study the wetting properties of very small droplets of salty aqueous suspensions of unilamellar liposomes of DMPC (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine), situated on SiO2-glass surfaces with different levels of hydrophobicity. We evaluated two different measures of hydrophobicity of solid surfaces - receding contact angles and the thickness of wetting films trapped between an air bubble and the solid surface at different levels of hydrophobicity. We established a good correlation between methods which differ significantly in measurement difficulty and experimental setup. We also reveal details of the mechanism of wetting of different surfaces by the DMPC liposome suspension. Hydrophilic surfaces with water contact angles in the range of 0° to 35° are readily hydrophobized by the liposomes and only showed corresponding contact angles in the range 27°-43°. For same range of surface hydrophobicities, there was a clear reduction of the thickness of the wetting films between the surface and a bubble, reaching a minimum in the 35°-40° range. At higher levels of hydrophobicity both pure water and the liposome suspension show similar contact angles, and the thickness of wetting films between a bubble and those surfaces increases in parallel. Our analysis showed that the only force able to stabilize the film under these experimental conditions is steric repulsion. The latter suggests that nanobubbles adsorbed on hydrophobic parts of the surface, and coated with a DMPC layer, may be the cause of the 40-70 nm thickness of wetting films we observe.
No related grants have been discovered for Chi Minh Phan.