ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2903-6616
Current Organisations
Northern Rivers University Centre for Rural Health Research
,
Bond University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJNURSTU.2016.07.008
Abstract: Although nurses generally constitute the largest component of the health workforce there is no systematic collection of data about their health status. Similarly, little is known about how nurses manage any long-term condition they may have, which could contribute to their reducing hours of employment or leaving the workforce completely. Such information will become more important against the backdrop of a global shortage of nurses, and ageing of the nursing population. This study aimed to identify the types and impacts of reported long-term conditions, and strategies employed by nurses to manage their conditions. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The setting was a large regional health service in North Queensland, Australia, comprising a tertiary referral hospital, two residential aged care facilities and several rural and remote hospitals and community health services. All full-time, part-time and casual nurses and midwives employed within the health service were invited to participate 665 (30.9%) completed surveys were returned. A paper-based questionnaire, comprising six sections, was in idually addressed to all potential participants, together with reply-paid envelopes for returning completed questionnaires. The anonymous questionnaire took approximately 15 to 25min to complete, less time if the nurse reported no long-term conditions. Three-fifths of respondents had at least one long-term condition. Respondents older than 50 years were statistically more likely to report having at least one long-term condition (χ(2)=5.64, p=0.018). Back pain, migraine and asthma were the most frequently reported in idual conditions more than one-quarter of respondents reported a condition relating to mental health and wellbeing. Respondents who reported more than one long-term condition compared to a single long-term condition were statistically more likely to have had more years of nursing experience (t=02.2, p=0.03). Nurses used a combination of varied personal and workplace strategies for many conditions however personal strategies were most frequently used for all conditions. This survey elicited information about reported long-term conditions, and strategies that nurses used to manage the condition they considered most important to them. We recommend that further investigation into how the full range of workplace strategies could be implemented to assist nurses to manage long-term conditions.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-12-2020
Abstract: Background: Dengue, a febrile illness, is caused by a Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Climate influences the ecology of the vectors. We aimed to identify the influence of climatic variability on the occurrence of clinical dengue requiring hospitalization in Zone-5, a high incidence area of Dhaka City Corporation (DCC), Bangladesh. Methods and Findings: We retrospectively identified clinical dengue cases hospitalized from Zone-5 of DCC between 2005 and 2009. We extracted records of the four major catchment hospitals of the study area. The Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) provided data on temperature, rainfall, and humidity of DCC for the study period. We used autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for the number of monthly dengue hospitalizations. We also modeled all the climatic variables using Poisson regression. During our study period, dengue occurred throughout the year in Zone-5 of DCC. The median number of hospitalized dengue cases was 9 per month. Dengue incidence increased sharply from June, and reached its peak in August. One additional rainy day per month increased dengue cases in the succeeding month by 6% (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.09). Conclusions: Dengue is transmitted throughout the year in Zone-5 of DCC, with seasonal variation in incidence. The number of rainy days per month is significantly associated with dengue incidence in the subsequent month. Our study suggests the initiation of c aigns in DCC for controlling dengue and other Aedes mosquito borne diseases, including Chikunguniya from the month of May each year. BMD rainfall data may be used to determine c aign timing.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-05-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0010391
Abstract: Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) is one of the interventions to control the vectors of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Different insecticides are used in affected countries, also in the Regional Initiative for the Elimination of VL in South-East Asia. This systematic review assesses all available studies analysing the effectiveness of IRS on the key vectors of VL. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, with a broad search strategy, applied to seven key databases. Inclusion criteria were studies focusing on 1) Visceral leishmaniasis 2) Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) or synonyms, and 3) all primary research methods. 21 studies were included, five cluster randomised controlled trials (cRCTs), one randomised controlled trial (RCT), 11 intervention studies, also included were three modelling studies and one survey. 19 out of 21 included studies were published between 2009 and 2020. 18 of the studies were conducted in the context of the Regional Initiative. Effects of IRS on vector populations are positive, confirmed in terms of effectiveness and by the availability of studies. Deltamethrin and alpha-Cypermethrin reduce total sandfly counts, and/or Phlebotomus argentipes counts by up to 95% with an effect of a minimum of one month. Prolonged effects are not regularly seen. DDT has been used in India only: whereas in the 1990s a good effect could be measured, this effect waned over time. Two intervention studies, embedded in larger programmes in 2019 and 2020, replaced DDT with alpha-Cypermethrin throughout the study. Combinations of different interventions are not systematically researched, however showing some promising results, for ex le for the combination of IRS and Temephos. Constant monitoring of insecticide resistancies and quality delivery of IRS are confirmed as key issues for programmes. No human transmission data are available to directly relate an effect of IRS–although modelling studies confirm the effect of IRS on human transmission. Concluding, IRS continues to be an effective intervention for Phlebotomus argentipes control. Delivery requires constant monitoring and quality assurance. Further studies need to assess IRS in different geographical areas affected by VL and combinations of interventions.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-05-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0009309
Abstract: Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Southeast Asia and global control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and VL are priorities of the World Health Organization (WHO). But is the existing evidence good enough for public health recommendations? This meta-review summarises the available and new evidence for vector control with the aims of establishing what is known about the value of vector control for the control of CL and VL, establishing gaps in knowledge, and particularly focusing on key recommendations for further scientific work. This meta-review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, including (1) systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) for (2) vector control methods and strategies and (3) for the control of CL and/or VL. Nine SRs/MAs were included, with different research questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria. The methods analysed for vector control can be broadly classified into (1) indoor residual spraying (IRS) (2) insecticide-treated nets (ITNs including insecticide-impregnated bednets) (3) insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs including insecticide-treated house screening) (4) insecticide-treated bedsheets (ITSs) and insecticide-treated fabrics (ITFs including insecticide-treated clothing) and (5) durable wall lining (treated with insecticides) and other environmental measures to protect the house (6) control of the reservoir host and (7) strengthening vector control operations through health education. The existing SRs/MAs include a large variation of different primary studies, even for the same specific research sub-question. Also, the SRs/MAs are outdated, using available information until earlier than 2018 only. Assessing the quality of the SRs/MAs, there is a considerable degree of variation. It is therefore very difficult to summarise the results of the available SRs/MAs, with contradictory results for both vector indices and—if available—human transmission data. Conclusions of this meta-review are that (1) existing SRs/MAs and their results make policy recommendations for evidence-based vector control difficult (2) further work is needed to establish efficacy and community effectiveness of key vector control methods with specific SRs and MAs (3) including vector and human transmission parameters and (4) attempting to conclude with recommendations in different transmission scenarios.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-12-2020
Abstract: Malaria occurrence in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh varies by season and year, but this pattern is not well characterized. The role of environmental conditions on the occurrence of this vector-borne parasitic disease in the region is not fully understood. We extracted information on malaria patients recorded in the Upazila (sub-district) Health Complex patient registers of Rajasthali in Rangamati district of Bangladesh from February 2000 to November 2009. Weather data for the study area and period were obtained from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Non-linear and delayed effects of meteorological drivers, including temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall on the incidence of malaria, were investigated. We observed significant positive association between temperature and rainfall and malaria occurrence, revealing two peaks at 19 °C (logarithms of relative risks (logRR) = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.1–7.5) and 24.5 °C (logRR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.8–7.6) for temperature and at 86 mm (logRR = 19.5, 95% CI: 11.7–27.3) and 284 mm (logRR = 17.6, 95% CI: 9.9–25.2) for rainfall. In sub-group analysis, women were at a much higher risk of developing malaria at increased temperatures. People over 50 years and children under 15 years were more susceptible to malaria at increased rainfall. The observed associations have policy implications. Further research is needed to expand these findings and direct resources to the vulnerable populations for malaria prevention and control in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh and the region with similar settings.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-03-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0010196
Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been targeted for elimination from Southeast Asia (SEA). The disease has been endemic in SEA, and in other parts of the world involving both humans and animals. One of the key strategies for combating VL is controlling for the vector sandfly. There are a few vector control strategies that are currently in practice. We sought to assess the efficacy and community effectiveness of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) in controlling the burden of sandfly and the occurrence of VL among humans. We conducted a systematic review following a study protocol and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. 6331 initial hits were retrieved from Google Scholar, Lilacs, PubMed, Science Direct, WHOlis, WHOiris and PAHOiris. 25 met the full inclusion criteria. Findings show that the insecticide impregnated bednets and the commercially treated long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are effective in controlling sandflies, with mortalities as high as 75% lasting over a year although their role in controlling VL in the community was not extensively studied, since effectiveness was usually measured with sandflies densities. Findings also show that insecticide impregnated bednets are low cost and well accepted in the community, however, early erosion of insecticides from nets could occur. Some studies also showed that killing of sandflies may not translate into reduction of VL, therefore sandfly knock down and killing data needs to be interpreted with caution. Conclusions of this review are (1) combining insecticide impregnated bednets, as targeted interventions, with another vector control measure, particularly indoor residual spraying, and in conjunction with case detection, could be the way forward to controlling VL in resource limited settings. (2) Given the current low incidence of VL in SEA, it can be difficult to further research the community effectiveness of those control measures in reducing VL.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-04-2019
Abstract: In February 2019, a major flooding event occurred in Townsville, North Queensland, Australia. Here we present a prediction of the occurrence of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) after the flooding. We used a mathematical modelling approach based on mosquito population abundance, survival, and size as well as current infectiousness to predict the changes in the occurrences of MBDs due to flooding in the study area. Based on 2019 year-to-date number of notifiable MBDs, we predicted an increase in number of cases, with a peak at 104 by one-half month after the flood receded. The findings in this study indicate that Townsville may see an upsurge in the cases of MBDs in the coming days. However, the burden of diseases will go down again if the mosquito control program being implemented by the City Council continues. As our predictions focus on the near future, longer term effects of flooding on the occurrence of mosquito-borne diseases need to be studied further.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-04-2015
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Kazi Rahman.