ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4810-9262
Current Organisation
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Psychology | Learning, Memory, Cognition And Language | Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, | Neurosciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Biological Psychology (Neuropsychology, Psychopharmacology, Physiological Psychology) | Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology | Virtual Reality And Related Simulation | Neurogenetics | Aged Care Nursing | Public Health and Health Services | Rehabilitation And Therapy: Occupational And Physical | Developmental Psychology And Ageing | Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing | Neurogenetics | Educational Psychology | Developmental Psychology and Ageing | Virtual Reality and Related Simulation | Residential Client Care | Quantitative Genetics | Rehabilitation and Therapy (excl. Physiotherapy) |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Behavioural and cognitive sciences | Nervous system and disorders | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences | Education and training not elsewhere classified | Injury control | Expanding Knowledge in Education | Nervous System and Disorders | Nursing | Health related to ageing | Mental Health | Men’s health | "Occupational, speech and physiotherapy" | Occupational training | Disability and Functional Capacity | Allied Health Therapies (excl. Mental Health Services) | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Health status (e.g. indicators of “well-being”) | Behaviour and health
Related Links
Publications
Cross-cultural validation of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21 in China.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1037/PAS0000207
Abstract: The gap between the demand and delivery of mental health services in mainland China can be reduced by validating freely available and psychometrically sound psychological instruments. The present research examined the Chinese version of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Study 1 administered the DASS-21 to 1,815 Chinese college students and found internal consistency indices (Cronbach's alpha) of .83, .80, and .82 for the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress subscales, respectively, and .92 for the total DASS total. Test-retest reliability over a 6-month interval was .39 to .46 for each of the 3 subscales and .46 for the total DASS. Moderate convergent validity of the Depression and Anxiety subscales was demonstrated via significant correlations with the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory (r = .51 at Time 1 and r = .64 at Time 2) and the Chinese State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (r = .41), respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original 3-factor model with 1 minor change (nonnormed fit index [NNFI] = .964, comparative fit index [CFI] = .968, and root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .079). Study 2 examined the clinical utility of the Chinese DASS-21 in 166 patients with schizophrenia and 90 matched healthy controls. Patients had higher Depression and Anxiety but not Stress subscale scores than healthy controls. A discriminant function composed of the linear combination of 3 subscale scores correctly discriminated 69.92% of participants, which again supported the potential clinical utility of the DASS in mainland China. Taken together, findings in these studies support the cross-cultural validity of the DASS-21 in China. (PsycINFO Database Record
Virtual rehabilitation of upper-limb function in traumatic brain injury: A mixed-approach evaluation of the Elements system
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2011
Assessment of prospective memory in schizophrenia using the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test: A controlled study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1758-5872.2012.00217.X
Abstract: Data on the psychometric assessment of prospective memory (PM) are limited. The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) and its Chinese version (CAMPROMPT-C) have been applied to a variety of clinical conditions except for chronic schizophrenia. This controlled study explored the clinical utility of the CAMPROMPT-C in patients with schizophrenia by comparing their PM performance with that of normal controls. Forty-four schizophrenia patients and 44 normal controls formed the study s le. Sociodemographic characteristics, PM, retrospective memory, and intelligence were measured in all subjects. Patients' psychopathology was rated with a standardized instrument. Patients performed worse than normal controls on both the sum and subscale scores of the CAMPROMPT-C. Patients had comparable performances in PM subtypes. Bivariate analyses revealed that education level, intelligence, and retrospective memory were associated with PM functions. The study supports the clinical utility of the CAMPROMPT-C in chronic schizophrenia and corroborated the significant relationship between PM and education, intelligence, and retrospective memory.
The heartbreak of depression: ‘Psycho-cardiac’ coupling in myocardial infarction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.YJMCC.2017.03.007
Abstract: Ample evidence identifies strong links between major depressive disorder (MDD) and both risk of ischemic or coronary heart disease (CHD) and resultant morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanistic bases of these linkages are poorly defined. Systemic factors linked to MDD, including vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes, together with associated behavioral changes, all elevate CHD risk. Nonetheless, experimental evidence indicates the myocardium is also directly modified in depression, independently of these factors, impairing infarct tolerance and cardioprotection. It may be that MDD effectively breaks the heart's intrinsic defense mechanisms. Four extrinsic processes are implicated in this psycho-cardiac coupling, presenting potential targets for therapeutic intervention if causally involved: sympathetic over-activity vs. vagal under-activity, together with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immuno-inflammatory dysfunctions. However, direct evidence of their involvement remains limited, and whether targeting these upstream mediators is effective (or practical) in limiting the cardiac consequences of MDD is unknown. Detailing myocardial phenotype in MDD can also inform approaches to cardioprotection, yet cardiac molecular changes are similarly ill defined. Studies support myocardial sensitization to ischemic insult in models of MDD, including worsened oxidative and nitrosative damage, apoptosis (with altered Bcl-2 family expression) and infarction. Moreover, depression may de-sensitize hearts to protective conditioning stimuli. The mechanistic underpinnings of these changes await delineation. Such information not only advances our fundamental understanding of psychological determinants of health, but also better informs management of the cardiac consequences of MDD and implementing cardioprotection in this cohort.
Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: Machine Learning and Statistical Approach to Identify and Classify Incidences of Morbidity and Postvaccination Reactogenicity
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE11010031
Abstract: Good vaccine safety and reliability are essential for successfully countering infectious disease spread. A small but significant number of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines have been reported. Here, we aim to identify possible common factors in such adverse reactions to enable strategies that reduce the incidence of such reactions by using patient data to classify and characterise those at risk. We examined patient medical histories and data documenting postvaccination effects and outcomes. The data analyses were conducted using a range of statistical approaches followed by a series of machine learning classification algorithms. In most cases, a group of similar features was significantly associated with poor patient reactions. These included patient prior illnesses, admission to hospitals and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. The analyses indicated that patient age, gender, taking other medications, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, allergic history and heart disease are the most significant pre-existing factors associated with the risk of poor outcome. In addition, long duration of hospital treatments, dyspnoea, various kinds of pain, headache, cough, asthenia, and physical disability were the most significant clinical predictors. The machine learning classifiers that are trained with medical history were also able to predict patients with complication-free vaccination and have an accuracy score above 90%. Our study identifies profiles of in iduals that may need extra monitoring and care (e.g., vaccination at a location with access to comprehensive clinical support) to reduce negative outcomes through classification approaches.
Distinguishing bipolar and major depressive disorders by brain structural morphometry: a pilot study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2015
Executive functioning and the application of social skills following traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2000
Prospective memory in patients with first-onset schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA.2011.04.002
Abstract: This behavioral study used a dual-task paradigm to compare PM performance in 35 patients with first-onset schizophrenia, 40 non-psychotic siblings and 35 healthy controls. It aimed specifically to examine the effect of schizophrenia group status on PM, the differential effect of group status on PM type, and correlations between PM and other neurocognitive functions and clinical data in first-onset schizophrenia. It also aimed to test the hypothesis that non-psychotic siblings had poorer PM performance than controls. The cohort of first-onset schizophrenia patients had relatively short illness durations (M=1.7 years). The three groups of participants were matched in terms of age, gender and years of education. Results of the study confirmed that first-onset schizophrenia status had a primary effect on PM after controlling for other neurocognitive functions. We also found that first-onset schizophrenia status did not differentially affect two different types of PM. In the first-onset schizophrenia cohort, PM was found to correlate significantly with IQ, executive functions and sustained attention. Finally, contrary to the findings of the previous study, this study did not find siblings of schizophrenia patients to have impaired PM. Taking into account the previous findings of PM in chronic schizophrenia, we concluded that schizophrenia has a primary effect on PM regardless of illness duration.
Prospective Memory Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11065-022-09536-5
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM), which enables one to remember to carry out delayed intentions, is crucial for everyday functioning. PM commonly deteriorates upon cognitive decline in older adults, but several studies have shown that PM in older adults can be improved by training. The current study aimed to summarise this evidence by conducting a qualitative systematic analysis and quantitative meta-analysis of the effects of PM training in older adults, for which systematic searches were conducted across seven databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus). Forty-eight studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 43% of the assessed PM training interventions showed positive gains in enhancing PM. However, the methodological quality varied across the studies, with 41% of the non-randomised control trials (non-RCTs) rated as having either serious or critical risk of bias. Therefore, only 29 RCTs were included in the subsequent quantitative meta-analysis. We found a significant and moderate immediate efficacy (Hedges’ g = 0.54) of PM training in enhancing PM performance in older adults, but no significant long-term efficacy (Hedges’ g = 0.20). Two subgroup analyses also revealed a robust training efficacy across the study population (i.e., healthy and clinical population) and the number of training sessions (i.e., single session and programme-based). Overall, this study provided positive evidence to support PM training in older adults. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms by which PM training exerts its effects, and better-quality RCTs are needed to provide more robust evidence supporting our findings.
Verbal self-monitoring in individuals with schizotypal personality traits: An exploratory ERP study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJP.2014.06.004
Abstract: In iduals with schizophrenia have deficits in verbal self-monitoring. This study aimed to assess whether in iduals vulnerable to develop schizophrenia show similar difficulties. Fifteen in iduals with schizotypal personality traits and 15 healthy controls participated. All participants underwent an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm using a phoneme monitoring Go/No-Go task. Behavioural results showed that there was no significant difference between in iduals with schizotypal personality traits and controls in post-error slowing, but schizotypal in iduals had a significantly lower degree of error awareness and higher error rate. In the ERP data, when compared with controls, in iduals with schizotypal personality traits showed similar error-related negativity (ERN) litude but significantly larger error positivity (Pe) litude. Results of this study suggest that verbal error detection may be intact in in iduals with schizotypal personality traits. However, it seems that this vulnerable population may have a greater emotional evaluation of errors.
Mind wandering in schizophrenia: A thought-sampling study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CONCOG.2019.102774
Abstract: Mind wandering has consistently been associated with impairments in cognition, emotion and daily performance. However, few experimental studies on mind wandering have been conducted in in iduals with schizophrenia. The present study aimed to examine mind wandering in schizophrenia patients with a thought-s ling experiment embedded in a rapid go/no-go task and the relationship between the frequency of mind wandering and psychotic symptoms. Fifty-eight schizophrenia patients and 56 matched healthy controls were recruited and engaged in a task that assessed mind wandering. The results showed that schizophrenia patients (1.4%) reported less frequent mind wandering than healthy controls (5.8%). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the frequency of mind wandering and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Further studies in different stages of schizophrenia and in patients with more severe psychotic symptoms are needed to demonstrate a more comprehensive picture of mind wandering in schizophrenia.
Report card grades on physical activity for children and adolescents from 18 Asian countries: Patterns, trends, gaps, and future recommendations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
A virtual tabletop workspace for the assessment of upper limb function in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2007
Development of Neuropsychological Measures: Personal Experience and Lessons Learnt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 17-04-2015
DOI: 10.1017/BRIMP.2015.6
Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the history and purposes of neuropsychological assessment, as well as advancements in this area, and discusses the development of neuropsychological tests, using ex les developed by the author and his colleagues to measure different aspects of human memory. These include the Shum Visual Learning Test, the Australian Retrograde Memory Test, the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory and the Virtual Reality Prospective Memory Task. The intended uses and psychometric properties of these tests, as well as ex les of their use in research and clinical settings, will also be discussed. The paper will conclude with recommendations and advice on the development of neuropsychological tests based on the author's own experience.
Dimensional schizotypy and social cognition: an fMRI imaging study
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-05-2015
A developmental investigation of prospective memory: Effects of interruption
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-11-2008
DOI: 10.1080/09297040801947051
Abstract: The effects of interrupting an event-based prospective memory (PM) task and its associated ongoing task were compared for two groups of children: 8- to 9-year-olds (n = 35) and 12- to 13-year-olds (n = 28). Additionally, PM performance was examined as a function of attainment on a battery of tests of executive functioning (viz., Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Letter Number Sequencing Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Trail Making Test). A significant main effect of age indicated that the older children correctly carried out intended actions more often than the younger children. Consistent with the prefrontal model of PM, interruption had no impact on PM accuracy in the older group but produced reliable decrements to the accuracy of the younger group. Whereas IQ showed no association with PM performance, reliable relations between PM skills and aspects of their executive functioning were found.
The prevalence of chronic diseases in international immigrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-11-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14034948221116219
Abstract: The purpose of this study is systematically to review and synthesise available prevalence data of major chronic diseases in international immigrants. Four electronic databases were searched to retrieve peer-reviewed original articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2020. Cross-sectional, cohort, or longitudinal studies that reported the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, any type of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and type 2 diabetes among immigrant adults were included. We calculated pooled prevalence using random-effects meta-analyses. Of 13,363 articles retrieved, 24 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6–10.4) with a higher prevalence in North American countries 11.1% (95% CI 8.0–14.1) than in the other destination countries: 6.6% (95% CI 5.1–8.1) including Italy, Sweden, The Netherlands, Australia, and Israel. The pooled prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases was 7.7% (95% CI 5.7–9.6) and 6.5% (95% CI 2.3–10.7), respectively. Only two articles reported the prevalence of cancers (2.7% and 3.8%). We found high heterogeneity among all studies regardless of the disease. The prevalence of diabetes was higher than other chronic diseases in international immigrants. There is a strong need to enhance health information systems to understand the magnitude of chronic diseases among different immigrant subgroups.
Implementation intention training for prospective memory in schizophrenia: A 3-month follow-up study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2018.10.015
Abstract: The beneficial effect of implementation intentions (II) on prospective memory (PM) deficits in patients with schizophrenia has been reported. However, these studies were limited to brief interventions such that the transfer and long-term effects of II training remains unclear. This study examined whether a 10-session II programme could improve PM performance, social functioning and functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia immediately after training and at 3-month follow-up. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 42) recruited from the community were randomly assigned to II training (n = 21) or treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 21). Participants in the II group learned the verbal and imagery component of II and were encouraged to apply these strategies in their daily lives. We found that the II group performed better than the TAU group on computer-based PM tasks and a daily life PM task (telephone call at specified date and time) at post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. The II group also exhibited better working ability than the TAU group at post-treatment. Our results suggest that the II intervention programme may have lasting beneficial effects in PM performance and significant transfer effects to functional capacity in schizophrenia patients.
BDNF and TNF-α polymorphisms in memory.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-08-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11033-013-2648-6
Abstract: Here, we investigate the genetic basis of human memory in healthy in iduals and the potential role of two polymorphisms, previously implicated in memory function. We have explored aspects of retrospective and prospective memory including semantic, short term, working and long-term memory in conjunction with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The memory scores for healthy in iduals in the population were obtained for each memory type and the population was genotyped via restriction fragment length polymorphism for the BDNF rs6265 (Val66Met) SNP and via pyrosequencing for the TNF-α rs113325588 SNP. Using univariate ANOVA, a significant association of the BDNF polymorphism with visual and spatial memory retention and a significant association of the TNF-α polymorphism was observed with spatial memory retention. In addition, a significant interactive effect between BDNF and TNF-α polymorphisms was observed in spatial memory retention. In practice visual memory involves spatial information and the two memory systems work together, however our data demonstrate that in iduals with the Val/Val BDNF genotype have poorer visual memory but higher spatial memory retention, indicating a level of interaction between TNF-α and BDNF in spatial memory retention. This is the first study to use genetic analysis to determine the interaction between BDNF and TNF-α in relation to memory in normal adults and provides important information regarding the effect of genetic determinants and gene interactions on human memory.
Prospective Memory
Publisher: Psychology Press
Date: 16-10-2007
Recent Development of Cognitive and Neuropsychological Assessment in Asian Countries
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2003
Prospective individual and social predictors of changes in adjustment for patients attending a regional cancer service
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-012-0204-9
Abstract: This study applied the social-cognitive processing (SCP) model to examine whether positive (social support) and negative (social constraints) aspects of the social environment influenced emotional distress, quality of life (QoL), well-being, and benefit finding after cancer. Participants were 439 adults at a median of 66 weeks post-diagnosis and 79 % of them had completed cancer treatments. Outcome measures and predictors were assessed twice, 6 months apart, and their relationships were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regressions. Participants reported improved physical QoL at retest. Correlations showed that better outcomes for depression, anxiety, QoL, and well-being were associated with higher social support and lower social constraints. In addition, benefit finding correlated with social support but not social constraints. After other predictors were taken into account, lower initial social constraints were modestly associated with improved mental QoL at retest. Higher social constraints scores also predicted the development of clinically significant depression and anxiety. Results provided some support for the SCP model's prediction that both positive and negative aspects of social environment can contribute to adjustment in people with cancer. Although several findings supported the model, a heterogeneous s le and small effect sizes indicate that replication and further study is needed.
Normative data for a new memory test: The Shum Visual Learning Test
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1999
DOI: 10.1076/CLIN.13.2.121.1967
Abstract: This study reports normative data and test-retest reliabilities for a visuo-spatial memory test, the Shum Visual Learning Test (SVLT). Participants were 146 Caucasians (70 males and 76 females, age range between 17-83 years). The test was administered to 116 participants once and 30 participants twice (1 month apart). Age (but not gender and education) was found to affect SVLT test performance. The norms, therefore, were presented according to seven age groups (viz., 17-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70+ years). Three indices (learning, retention after interference, and delayed retention) were derived for descriptive and clinical purposes. The test-retest reliabilities for all trials of the SVLT (except Trial 6) were found to be significant (rs ranged from .63 to .82). Normative data reported allow neuropsychologists to compare patient performances with those of appropriate controls and are important for fostering clinical application of this test.
Benefits of Immediate Versus Delayed Exercise in Men Initiating ADT for Prostate Cancer
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2018
Effects of incentive and preparation time on performance and classification accuracy of standard and malingering-specific memory tests
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2004
Life review therapy enhances mental time travel in patients with schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2017.10.002
Abstract: Mental Time Travel (MTT) is the ability of in iduals to project themselves to the past or to the future. Studies have shown that schizophrenia (SZ) patients are impaired in MTT. The present study aimed to examine whether MTT in patients with SZ can be improved through Life Review Therapy. Fifty patients with SZ were randomly assigned to the training (SZ-training) or control (SZ-control) group. Whereas the SZ-training group received four-week Life Review Therapy in addition to conventional treatment, the SZ-control group only received conventional treatment. MTT, emotional status, life satisfaction and cognitive functions were assessed before and after the training. We also recruited 25 matched healthy controls to complete all the assessments at baseline. After training, the SZ-training group showed higher specificity and more field perspective than the SZ-control group. No significant difference was found between the SZ-training group post-training assessment and the healthy controls. The SZ-training group also showed significant improvements in emotional expression, semantic memory and verbal fluency, but the SZ-control group did not show such improvements. These results indicated that Life Review Therapy is effective in improving MTT of SZ patients.
Modification and validation of a performance-based functional capacity instrument for individuals with schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2019.112572
Abstract: Functional impairments are common in schizophrenia patients, but few performance-based instruments are available to evaluate their functional capacity, especially those that are culturally adapted for use in China. This study aimed to modify the items of the original Beijing Performance-based Functional Ecological Test (BJ-PERFECT) due to limited tasks in a particular scenario and examine the psychometric properties of the newly modified BJ-PERFECT in schizophrenia patients. Participants of the study comprised 105 schizophrenia patients and 45 healthy controls (HCs). All of them were administered the modified BJ-PERFECT, the University of California, San Diego, Performance-based Skill Assessment-Brief version (UPSA-B) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The modified BJ-PERFECT retained seven original items and added 4 new items. The validity of the modified BJ-PERFECT was supported by its significant correlation with the UPSA-B but not the GAF and by the significant difference on the instrument's scores between the schizophrenia patients and HCs. The internal consistency reliability was found to be good. Level of education was found to have a significant relationship with functional capacity. The modified BJ-PERFECT was found to be psychometrically valid to assess functional capacity in schizophrenia patients.
Bullying Experiences of South Asian Immigrants in Australia: a Mixed-Method Study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2023
Moderating effect of age on the association between future time perspective and preventive coping
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.172
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of age on the relationship between future time perspective (FTP) and future-oriented coping. A total of 1,915 participants aged 9-84 years completed measures of FTP and future-oriented coping. Moderation analyses were conducted to examine whether age played a role in the association between FTP and future-oriented coping (proactive and preventive). Results showed that proactive and preventive coping were negatively correlated with age, and age moderated the association between FTP and preventive coping but not proactive coping. Furthermore, the strength of the positive association between FTP and preventive coping was strongest among the older participants, moderate among the middle-aged participants, and weakest among the younger participants. These results suggest that the association between FTP and preventive coping varies across the lifespan.
Perceived importance of prospective memory failures in adults with traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-10-2014
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2013.854723
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to carry out an intended action in the future. Failures in PM are often observed as more frequent in in iduals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) than controls. However, it remains unknown how in iduals with TBI and their significant others perceive the importance of these PM problems. In the current study, four groups (38 TBI, 34 TBI-other, 34 controls, 31 control-other) were recruited to report on the perceived importance of PM failures using Part B of the Comprehensive Assessments of Prospective Memory (CAPM). In iduals with TBI perceived PM failures as being more important than did their significant others. Controls' ratings did not differ from their significant others. There were no statistically significant differences in rated importance for PM problems involving the basic activities of daily living (BADL) component and those involving the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) component. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of the motivation of people with TBI.
Prospective memory predicts the level of community living skills in schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2014.04.055
Abstract: Schizophrenia patients are known to have prospective memory (PM) deficits. There is no robust evidence showing that PM deficits have a major impact on community living skills in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PM and community living skills in schizophrenia. Forty-four in iduals with schizophrenia formed the study s le. Participants׳ psychopathology, prospective and retrospective memory, level of intelligence, and community living skills were measured with standardized instruments. In bivariate analyses, community living skills overall but not self-care correlated with PM total and subscales scores. In multivariate analyses, event-based PM was more predictive than time-based PM of the level of community living skills. In conclusion, PM has a significant impact on community living skills in schizophrenia and attention should be paid to this type of memory disturbance in rehabilitation of schizophrenia.
Executive function in middle childhood and the relationship with theory of mind
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-02-2018
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2018.1440296
Abstract: A group of 126 typically developing children (aged 5-12 years) completed three cool executive function tasks (spatial working memory, stop signal, intra-extra dimensional shift), two hot executive function tasks (gambling, delay of gratification), one advanced theory of mind task (strange stories with high versus low affective tone), and a vocabulary test. Older children performed better than younger children, consistent with the protracted development of hot and cool executive functions and theory of mind. Multiple regression analyses showed that hot and cool executive functions were correlated but they predicted theory of mind in different ways.
Mediating effects of coping, personal belief, and social support on the relationship among stress, depression, and smoking behaviour in university students
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 22-02-2011
DOI: 10.1108/09654281111108544
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether university students' smoking behaviour is associated with higher levels of stress and depression directly, or indirectly, via the mediation of coping, personal beliefs and social support. The study design involves a cross‐sectional survey. Structural equation modelling was employed to explore the relationships between smoking behaviour, stress and depression via the mediating effects of coping resources, personal beliefs and social support. The higher the stress and depression levels, the more likely the respondents' were to adopt disengagement coping strategies and to engage in smoking behaviour. Stress was not found to have a significant direct effect on smoking behaviour when depression, active coping abilities and social support were included as mediators in the model. Thus, if stress is high yet coping skills are also high and personal beliefs are anti‐smoking, the likelihood of smoking was low. Disengagement coping strategies significantly increased the likelihood of smoking when stress heightened depression level. However, stress did not independently increase the chance of smoking when active coping and social support were moderating the effects of depression on smoking behaviour. Personal beliefs also acted as an independent contributor to increase the likelihood of smoking when pro‐smoking beliefs were held by in iduals. Overall, this study suggests that personal coping strategies and personal beliefs, with social support, are important protective mechanisms through which stress and depression influence smoking behaviour. Health promotion programmes to encourage smoking cessation should therefore include measures to encourage young adults to adopt active coping strategies (e.g. exercise, recreational activities) to make interventions effective in reducing smoking rate. This study identifies important mechanisms that underpin smoking behaviour among university students. The results provide evidence that supports the resilience perspective that personal coping resources, personal beliefs and protective factors, such as social support, are important factors either to lead people to adopt smoking behaviour, or to decrease the likelihood of smoking.
Evaluation of the making sense of brain tumor program: A randomized controlled trial of a home-based psychosocial intervention
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-09-2015
DOI: 10.1002/PON.3687
Abstract: Despite significant psychosocial morbidity, there are few controlled trials of psychological support for people with brain tumor. This study evaluated the efficacy of the Making Sense of Brain Tumor (MSoBT) program, a home-based psychosocial intervention. A randomized controlled trial with a wait list condition Fifty participants aged 17-82 years with brain tumor (54% benign) were randomly allocated to immediate treatment (n = 27) or a waitlist (n = 23). Measures included Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), McGill Quality of Life (MQOL) Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br). The immediate treatment group received the 10-session MSoBT program, while the waitlist group received usual care for 10 weeks and were then re-assessed before receiving the MSoBT program. A 6-month post-intervention follow-up was conducted. Analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline functioning identified that the immediate treatment group reported significantly lower levels of depression on the MADRS (η(p)(2) = .19) and higher levels of existential well-being on the MQOL (η(p)(2) = .13) and functional well-being (η(p)(2) = .21) and global quality of life on the FACT-Br (η(p)(2) = .12) at post-assessment than the waitlist group. At 6-month follow-up participants reported significantly lower levels of depression and stress and higher existential well-being and quality of life relative to pre-intervention. The MSoBT program appears to have efficacy for enhancing psychological well-being and quality of life after brain tumor.
Validation of the virtual-reality prospective memory test (Hong Kong Chinese version) for individuals with first-episode schizophrenia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-11-2016
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1251949
Abstract: This study was performed to examine the psychometric properties of a Virtual-Reality Prospective Memory Test (Hong Kong Chinese version VRPMT-CV). The VRPMT was administered to 44 in iduals with first-episode schizophrenia. The test was administered again 2 weeks later to establish test-retest reliability. The concurrent validity of the VRPMT was evaluated by examining the correlations between the VRPMT score and the score on the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT-CV). The performance of in iduals with schizophrenia on the VRPMT was also compared with that of 42 healthy control subjects to examine the test's sensitivity and specificity. The intraclass correlation for test-retest reliability of the total VRPMT-CV score was 0.78 (p = .005). A significant correlation was found between the total VRPMT-CV score and the total CAMPROMPT-CV score (r = 0.90 p < .001). Comparison with the healthy control subjects revealed that the total VRPMT-CV score was a sensitive (92.9%) and specific (75%) measure of prospective memory deficits in in iduals with schizophrenia. The VRPMT-CV is an assessment of prospective memory that has good construct validity, test-retest reliability, sensitivity and specificity in the context of first-episode schizophrenia.
Validation of the griffith empathy measure in the Chinese context
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-04-2014
DOI: 10.1017/BRIMP.2014.1
Abstract: Objectives: The Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) is a self-report measure of empathy. The current study aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the GEM. It also aimed to compare in iduals with and without schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) features on various components of empathy. Methods: 420 college students from Beijing and 526 college students from Guangzhou completed a set of questionnaires that measured empathy and schizotypal personality disorder traits. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to evaluate the internal consistency of the GEM. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). Construct validity was also examined by looking at the relationship between the GEM and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Finally, the sensitivity of the GEM was evaluated by comparing the total and factor GEM scores between in iduals with and without SPD traits. Results: The Chinese GEM showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83). Results of an exploratory factor analysis suggested a three-factor model consisting of cognitive, affective and behavioural empathy components. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model, as well as the two-factor model found in the English version, were both acceptable. Construct validity (specifically convergent validity) was also corroborated by significant correlations between the IRI subscales and GEM (personal distress: r = .09, p .05 perspective taking: r = .34, p .01 fantasy: r = .44, p .01 empathic concern: r = .51, p .01). In iduals with SPD traits showed lower scores on the GEM than in iduals without SPD traits ( t (1,250) = −1.99, p = .05), thus confirming discriminative validity. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that the Chinese version of the GEM demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and construct validity. In addition, the findings suggest that the GEM is culturally appropriate and researchers can use it to study empathy in healthy and clinical Chinese participants.
Neural correlates of prospective memory in individuals with schizotypal personality features.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1037/NEU0000035
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to perform actions in the future. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders show impairments in PM but neural correlates of these impairments remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine brain activation during PM to identify impairments in in iduals with schizotypal personality features. Nineteen participants with schizotypal features and 22 healthy controls participated in a functional MRI experiment while performing a PM task. Results showed that the prefrontal cortex (including Brodmann Area [BA] 10), middle temporal gyrus, and precuneus were activated when performing the PM task compared with baseline. The schizotypal and control groups did not differ in behavioral PM performance. However, participants with schizotypal features showed decreased activations in the inferior and medial frontal lobes (BA 45, and 8). These results confirmed that the PM network involves prefrontal cortex, including BA 10. The lower activation in prefrontal cortex of in iduals with schizotypal features when performing a PM task indicates brain activation abnormality. Notably, this abnormality may occur in the absence of any behavioral manifestation. Our findings support the hypothesis of frontal lobe involvement in PM deficits observed in in iduals with schizotypal features.
Adaptations to cognitive problems reported by breast cancer survivors seeking cognitive rehabilitation: A qualitative study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2019
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5189
Abstract: Qualitative studies have elucidated cancer survivors' experiences of cognitive changes associated with cancer and cancer treatment. This study specifically explored experiences of women treated for breast cancer who were seeking cognitive rehabilitation. The objective was to characterise the frequency and nature of cognitive changes and adaptations to cognitive change reported by these participants to better understand treatment needs of this group. Australian women who had completed primary treatments for breast cancer (surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy) and volunteered to participate in one of two cognitive rehabilitation intervention studies were interviewed via telephone. Interview responses regarding cognitive changes and adaptations to cognitive change were transcribed by the interviewers, then coded and analysed by two researchers using content analysis. Among the 95 participants (age M=54.3 years, SD=9.6), the most commonly reported cognitive change was memory (79% of participants) and 61% reported more than one type of cognitive change. Adaptations to change were reported by 87% of participants, with written or electronic cues the most common (51%). Most often, participants reported using a single type of adaptation (48%) with only 39% reporting multiple types of adaptations. Women treated for breast cancer, who were seeking cognitive rehabilitation, most commonly reported memory changes, which were mainly managed through a single type of adaptation. These results suggest that there is considerable scope for increasing the range of cognitive adaptations to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors who experience adverse cognitive changes.
Assessing emotional status following acquired brain injury: The clinical potential of the depression, anxiety and stress scales
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/02699050802446697
Abstract: To investigate the clinical potential of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS 42) and its shorter version (DASS 21) for assessing emotional status following acquired brain injury. Participants included 23 in iduals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), 25 in iduals with brain tumour and 29 non-clinical controls. Investigations of internal consistency, test-re-test reliability, theory-consistent differences, sensitivity to change and concurrent validity were conducted. Internal consistency of the DASS was generally acceptable (r > 0.70), with the exception of the anxiety scale for the TBI s le. Test-re-test reliability (1-3 weeks) was sound for the depression scale (r > 0.75) and significant but comparatively lower for other scales (r = 0.60-0.73, p < 0.01). Theory-consistent differences were only evident between the brain tumour s le and non-clinical control s le on the anxiety scale (p < 0.01). Sensitivity to change of the DASS in the context of hospital discharge was demonstrated for depression and stress (p 0.05). Concurrent validity with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was significant for all scales of the DASS (p < 0.05). While the results generally support the clinical application of the DASS following ABI, further research examining the factor structure of existing and modified versions of the DASS is recommended.
Delay of gratification in middle childhood: Extending the utility and sensitivity of the standard task
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.161
Abstract: The ability to delay gratification is an important aspect of the development of self-regulation and executive functioning. Standard tasks to assess delay of gratification are typically only useful up to age 5 years. A modified task was developed and administered to a s le of 126 (59 males and 67 females) typically developing Australian children aged 5-12 years. Results showed that 7-year-olds were significantly more likely to delay than 5-year-olds. A ceiling effect was observed from age 7 onwards. Performance on the modified task correlated significantly with other executive functioning tasks, demonstrating the convergent validity of the task. This study was successful in extending the usefulness of the standard delay of gratification task to age 7. Suggestions for further development of this task are discussed.
Often forgetting to do things: What, why and how not to?
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1017/BRIMP.2014.8
Abstract: We rely on prospective memory (PM) to carry out intended actions at an appropriate time in the future. This ability is very important for day-to-day functioning, for ex le, remembering to take medication, attend appointments and pay bills. The literature covering the topic of PM has increased exponentially in the past 20–30 years. This paper will describe this relatively novel form of memory and discuss the debilitating effect PM deficits have on everyday living. It will also examine the populations who experience significantly more frequent and severe PM impairments and explore the causes and mechanisms of PM impairments by reviewing behavioural, clinical, genetic and neuroimaging studies. The paper will conclude by discussing the latest research into ways of treating PM impairments in clinical populations. Where applicable, ex les of research conducted by the author and his colleagues will be used to illustrate these topics.
Improving self-awareness of prospective memory function after TBI using experiential feedback on a board game activity: An observational study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2022.2044863
Abstract: This study investigated whether experiential and video feedback on performance of prospective memory (PM) tasks embedded within a board game activity improved self-awareness of PM function in adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. An observational pre-post study design with 26 participants from a larger trial of a 6-session PM rehabilitation programme. Sessions 3 and 4 included a board game activity with embedded time-, event-, and activity-based PM tasks. Verbal feedback was provided by therapists during the game and video feedback afterwards. Self-ratings of performance were used to ide the s le into under-estimators (
Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia share a similar deficit in semantic inhibition: A meta-analysis based on Hayling Sentence Completion Test performance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.PNPBP.2013.07.012
Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with deficits in executive function similar to that found in schizophrenia (SZ). However, very few studies have examined whether a specific component of executive function, namely, semantic inhibition, is differentially impaired in BD and SZ. The present study reports the results of a meta-analysis of performance on a theory-driven test of semantic inhibition, namely, the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT), in patients with BD and SZ, and to examine differential group impairments. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software package was used to calculate the mean effect sizes for group differences on different measures of HSCT. A total of 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Effect sizes for six HSCT measures were calculated. These included: Total Latency of Task A, Total Latency of Task B, Suppression Time, Total Error of Task B, Type A Error of Task B, and Type B Error of Task B. When compared with healthy controls, medium-to-large effect sizes were observed in both groups for each HSCT measure. Interestingly, the effect sizes for BD and SZ groups were comparable. These results suggest that patients with SZ and patients with BD are impaired in both task initiation and task inhibition of executive function and these impairments are similar in magnitude for both disorders.
Association between sleep quality and social media use in Australian adults
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-05-2023
Planning ability following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Performance on a 4-disk version of the tower of london
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2009
Abstract: This study aimed to assess planning ability in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a 4-disk version of the Tower of London (TOL). Thirty three in iduals with TBI were compared with equivalent numbers of matched controls. Overall, the TOL4 was shown to be sensitive to the effects of brain injury, with the TBI group performing significantly more poorly on this version of the planning test than the matched controls. More specifically, group differences were found to be related to the complexity of the planning problems, particularly among a TBI subgroup with localised prefrontal damage. Results of the study provide support for the adverse effects of TBI on planning ability, and the important role of the prefrontal cortex in planning.
Prospective memory in schizophrenia: Further clarification of nature of impairment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2008.07.002
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to execute a delayed intention and is different from retrospective memory (RM) in its nature and underlying mechanism (e.g., intention formation, maintenance, detection of PM cue and intention execution). Although preliminary studies have found PM impairment in patients with schizophrenia, the nature and magnitude of this problem in this clinical group is not yet fully known. The current study aimed to further clarify the nature of this impairment in schizophrenia. Fifty-four patients with schizophrenia and fifty-four healthy volunteers matched on demographic variables, IQ and executive functions took part in the study. Time-, event-, and activity-based PM tasks and a set of neurocognitive tests were administered to the participants. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse on all sub-types of PM tasks, even after controlling for neurocognitive functions such as working memory, verbal memory, visual memory, and executive function. These findings suggest PM deficit is a primary deficit rather than a secondary consequence of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Analysis found that PM deficits may be mainly due to the impairment of the cue detection and intention retrieval stage.
The effect of implementation intentions on prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia: A multinomial modeling approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2019.11.003
Abstract: Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) consistently show prospective memory (PM) impairments, and the technique of implementation intentions has been shown to improve PM performance in these patients. PM is considered to have prospective and retrospective components. However, it remains unclear which component of PM is impaired in patients with SCZ and which component(s) is facilitated by implementation intentions (II). The present study aimed to examine these two issues. Forty-two patients with SCZ and 42 matched healthy controls were randomly assigned to an II group or a typical instruction group. All participants were administered a color-matching PM task. Results showed that, using a multinomial-modeling approach, patients with SCZ exhibited impairment in the retrospective component of PM. In addition, while II improved the prospective PM component in healthy controls, both prospective and retrospective PM components in patients with SCZ were improved. Together, our results shed light on the mechanism of PM impairment in SCZ patients and the mechanism of II in improving PM performance.
A biopsychosocial perspective on adjustment and quality of life following brain tumor: A systematic evaluation of the literature
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1080/09638280802509538
Abstract: To systematically evaluate the literature on quality of life and adjustment to brain tumor from a biopsychosocial perspective. On the basis of the cancer and brain injury literature, a biopsychosocial organisational framework was initially developed to support an evaluative review of the brain tumor literature. This framework consisted of four themes relating to pre-illness characteristics, neuropathology, personal appraisals and reactions and social support. Electronic searches of Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases identified 48 empirical studies (1980-2007) that investigated factors associated with quality of life or the adjustment of adults with brain tumor. A review of studies within each theme appraised these findings and evaluated the quality of methodology and extent to which biopsychosocial perspectives have guided investigations. Overall, the review identified consistent associations between depression, performance status, fatigue and quality of life. Seven multivariate studies with strong methodology that adopted a biopsychosocial perspective were found. In general, the relationships among pre-illness and brain tumor characteristics, psychosocial variables and quality of life were unclear and various gaps in the literature emerged. Empirical findings within a biopsychosocial perspective may guide the development and delivery of support services for in iduals with brain tumor however, many important areas exist for future research.
Effects of aging, planning, and interruption on complex prospective memory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2012.716761
Abstract: This study examined the effects of aging, planning, and interruption on complex prospective memory (PM) using a 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects design. Participants were 80 younger adults (65 females) aged 18-33 years and 80 older adults (70 females) aged 60-75 years. They were randomly allocated to four conditions (viz., no interruption and no planning, interruption but no planning, planning but no interruption, and both planning and interruption) and asked to undertake three PM tasks (time-, event-, and activity-based) while performing an ongoing task (viz., recipe checking and identification) in a simulated home environment. Younger adults were found to perform significantly better than older adults on time- and event-based PM. The opportunity to plan for five minutes was found to improve performances on all three types of PM. Unexpected, external interruptions, on the other hand, were found to reduce performance for time-based PM. Interestingly, planning was found to significantly improve the performance of older adults on time-based PM and to a level similar to that of younger adults. Results of the study have clarified the independent and interactive effects of the three variables on PM and have implications for understanding and enhancing this type of memory.
Conducting randomized controlled trials with older people with dementia in long‐term care: Challenges and lessons learnt
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2011
Role of the apolipoprotein E and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes in prospective and retrospective memory traits.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.GENE.2012.06.067
Abstract: Human memory is a complex neurocognitive process. By combining psychological and molecular genetics expertise, we examined the APOE ε4 allele, a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, and the COMT Val 158 polymorphism, previously implicated in schizophrenia, for association with lowered memory functioning in healthy adults. To assess memory type we used a range of memory tests of both retrospective and prospective memory. Genotypes were determined using RFLP analysis and compared with mean memory scores using univariate ANOVAs. Despite a modest s le size (n=197), our study found a significant effect of the APOE ε4 polymorphism in prospective memory. Supporting our hypothesis, a significant difference was demonstrated between genotype groups for means of the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory total score (p=0.036 ε4 alleles=1.99 all other alleles=1.86). In addition, we demonstrate a significant interactive effect between the APOE ε4 and COMT polymorphisms in semantic memory. This is the first study to investigate both APOE and COMT genotypes in relation to memory in non-pathological adults and provides important information regarding the effect of genetic determinants on human memory.
Event-Related Potential Evidence of Similarities and Differences between Prospective Memory and Vigilance
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2011
Adolescent screen time: associations with school stress and school satisfaction across 38 countries.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2022
The effect and mechanisms of implementation intention in improving prospective memory performance in schizophrenia patients
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2016.07.035
Abstract: People with schizophrenia (SCZ) have been shown to have prospective memory (PM) deficits. PM refers to the ability to remember to perform delayed intentions in the future and plays an important role in everyday independent functioning in SCZ. To date, few studies have investigated methods to improve PM in SCZ. This study aimed to examine whether implementation intention can improve PM performance and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Fifty people with SCZ and 50 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to an implementation intention condition or a control instruction condition. Participants were required to make PM responses when PM cue words appeared while they were undertaking an ongoing task with two levels of cognitive load (1-back or 2-back). Results showed that people with SCZ were impaired in PM, and implementation intention improved PM performances for both SCZ and HC. Implementation intention improved PM performance in SCZ in both the low and the high cognitive load conditions without ongoing task cost, suggesting that implementation intention improved PM remembering in an automatic way. These results indicate that implementation intention may be a beneficial technique for improving PM performances in people with SCZ.
Reliability and normative data for the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09602010600923926
Abstract: The Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM) is a questionnaire designed to evaluate frequency of prospective memory (PM) failures in people with brain injury. The aims of this study were to investigate the psychometric properties of the CAPM, including test-retest reliability and internal consistency, and to establish normative data by comparing CAPM scores between groups on the basis of sex, age, and education. Data were collected on 95 people aged 15-60 years living in the community, with no history of brain injury, using the CAPM. The results showed that the test-retest reliability and internal consistency for the CAPM were within acceptable ranges, indicating that the CAPM provides a stable and homogenous measure of an in idual's self-report of PM failures. Normative data are presented in two age groups based on the significant difference found between the age groups 15-30 years and 31-60 years. These established norms can be used to describe perceived or observed behaviours indicative of PM failure in patients with brain injury by comparing CAPM ratings from significant others with the norms. The CAPM questionnaire provides researchers or clinicians with a stable and reliable assessment option that specifically focuses on PM for in iduals with brain injury.
Age differences in delay discounting in Chinese adults
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Neuropsychological measures of executive function and antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2011
Present-fatalistic time perspective and life satisfaction: The moderating role of age
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Relationship between executive functions and productivity outcomes following stroke
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/09638280701355694
Abstract: Stroke occurs in many in iduals of working age and can considerably disrupt their capacity for employment and other productive activities. Few studies have examined the relationship between loss of productivity and cognitive impairment, particularly deficits in executive function. The present study examined whether performance on tests of executive function is related to employment and productivity at 12-months follow-up. Twenty-seven in iduals (mean age = 47.3 years, SD = 10.7) on average 2.1 years (SD = 1.6) post-stroke were recruited from hospital and community rehabilitation services and administered a theory-driven battery of executive function tests (i.e. Health and Safety sub-test, FAS Test, Five-Point test, Key Search Test and Tinkertoy Test). A 12-month follow-up assessment of employment outcome ('employed' or 'unemployed') and productivity (measured by the Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale) was conducted. A series of between-group comparisons identified that a measure of purposive behaviour and self-regulation (i.e. the Tinkertoy Test) best distinguished between the employed and unemployed groups (p < 0.01) irrespective of time since injury and neglect. Level of post-stroke productivity was significantly correlated with measures of planning (p < 0.05), self-monitoring (p < 0.01) and self-regulation (p < 0.05), as well as time since injury (p < 0.05) and functional status (p < 0.01). These findings highlight the importance of routinely assessing executive functions to guide cognitive rehabilitation interventions following stroke.
Prospective Memory Performance in Non-Psychotic First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Controlled Study
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-11-2014
Changes in neural activation underlying attention processing of emotional stimuli following treatment with positive search training in anxious children
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANXDIS.2018.02.004
Abstract: Prior research indicates that positive search training (PST) may be a promising home-based computerised treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. It explicitly trains anxious in iduals in adaptive, goal-directed attention-search strategies to search for positive and calm information and ignore goal-irrelevant negative cues. Although PST reduces anxiety symptoms, its neural effects are unknown. The main aim of this study was to examine changes in neural activation associated with changes in attention processing of positive and negative stimuli from pre- to post-treatment with PST in children with anxiety disorders. Children's neural activation was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a visual-probe task indexing attention allocation to threat-neutral and positive-neutral pairs. Results showed pre- to post-treatment reductions in anxiety symptoms and neural reactivity to emotional faces (angry and happy faces, relative to neutral faces) within a broad neural network linking frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions. Changes in neural reactivity were highly inter-correlated across regions. Neural reactivity to the threat-bias contrast reduced from pre- to post-treatment in the mid osterior cingulate cortex. Results are considered in relation to prior research linking anxiety disorders and treatment effects with functioning of a broad limbic-cortical network involved in emotion reactivity and regulation, and integrative functions linking emotion, memory, sensory and motor processes and attention control.
The Assessment and Prediction of Prospective Memory after Stroke
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-06-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617720000405
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the memory used when intentions are to be carried out in the future. Little research has been conducted examining PM after stroke. This study aimed to determine if PM is impaired after stroke through comparison of in iduals with stroke to healthy controls. Additionally, it aimed to explore the predictors of PM performance post-stroke. Twenty-eight in iduals with stroke and 27 neurologically healthy controls completed the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT), 2 self-report PM questionnaires, and multiple cognitive measures. In iduals with stroke performed significantly lower on both event- and time-based PM than controls on the CAMPROMPT, indicating PM impairment. Event-based PM after stroke was significantly predicted by age, retrospective memory (RM), and global cognitive function, whereas time-based PM was only predicted by the metacognitive skill of note-taking. Age and note-taking predicted time-based PM for controls, whereas only age predicted event-based PM for control participants. The findings of this study have helped to confirm that PM impairment does exist after stroke, particularly when using a standardised PM measure. Furthermore, PM impairment may be predicted by variables, such as age, strategy use, RM, and cognitive ability.
Examining the Association between Sports Participation and Mental Health of Adolescents
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-12-2022
Abstract: Sports participation has been linked to various health outcomes however, there is scant literature exploring this relationship in developing countries. We used a mixed method approach to examine the association between sports participation and mental health of Bangladeshi adolescents (n = 320 13–17 years 59% boys) and to explore sports preferences and barriers to sports participation across genders. A survey collected team and non-team sports participation, depression, and life satisfaction. Focus groups (16 boys, 16 girls) explored preferences for, and barriers to, sports participation. Regression analysis showed that higher team and non-team sports participation were associated with lower depressive symptoms in boys (β = −1.22, 95% CI:−2.55 to −0.10 β = −2.50, 95% CI:−3.83 to −1.16, respectively), while greater participation in team sports was associated with less depression in girls (β = −2.44, 95% CI:−4.63 to −0.24). Participation in team and non-team sports was positively associated with life satisfaction for boys and girls. Boys reported preferences for playing football and cricket, while girls favored skipping and running. Prolonged time on electronic devices was reported as barriers to sports participation in both genders. Furthermore, household chores, family restrictions, and unsafe environment were reported by girls. Participation in team sports may provide mental health benefits for both genders, while non-team sports may be more beneficial to boys than girls.
Using a therapeutic companion robot for dementia symptoms in long-term care: reflections from a cluster-RCT
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-12-2017
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1421617
Abstract: We undertook a cluster-randomised controlled trial exploring the effect of a therapeutic companion robot (PARO) compared to a look-alike plush toy and usual care on dementia symptoms of long-term care residents. Complementing the reported quantitative outcomes , this paper provides critical reflection and commentary on in idual participant responses to PARO, observed through video recordings , with a view to informing clinical practice and research. A descriptive, qualitative design with five participants selected from the PARO intervention arm of the trial. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000508673). The five participants and their responses to PARO are presented in terms of three issues: i.) Different pre-intervention clinical presentations and different responses ii.) Same in idual, different response - the need for continual assessment and review and iii.) The ethics of giving and retrieving PARO. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed in relation to each issue. The findings suggest that one approach does not fit all, and that there is considerable variation in responses to PARO. A number of recommendations are discussed to aid the delivery of psychosocial interventions with PARO in practice, as well as to guide future research.
Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on executive functions in children and adolescents with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Effects of cue frequency and repetition on prospective memory: An ERP investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2013.08.003
Abstract: Prospective memory involves the formation and completion of delayed intentions and is essential for independent living. In this study (n = 33), event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to systematically evaluate the effects of PM cue frequency (10% versus 30%) and PM cue repetition (high versus low) on ERP modulations. PM cues elicited prospective positivity and frontal positivity but not N300, perhaps due to the semantic nature of the task. Results of this study revealed an interesting interaction between PM cue frequency and PM cue repetition for prospective positivity and frontal positivity, highlighting the importance of taking both factors into account when designing future studies.
Personality characteristics and cognitive appraisals associated with self-discrepancy after severe traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1469416
Abstract: Although changes to self-identity or self-discrepancy are common after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the influence of personality characteristics and cognitive appraisals on self-discrepancy. Participants were 51 adults (74% male) with severe TBI (
The sensitivity of 38 heart rate variability measures to the addition of artifact in human and artificial 24‐hr cardiac recordings
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ANEC.12483
Social participation following right hemisphere stroke: influence of a cognitive-communication disorder
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-04-2018
Health practitioner beliefs regarding the impact of age-based stereotype threat on performance in the cognitive assessment of older adults
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-08-2022
The effect of implementation intention on prospective memory: A systematic and meta-analytic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2015.01.011
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to perform a planned action at a future time. Implementation intention is an encoding method in the form of "if situation Y is encountered, then I will initiate the goal-directed behavior X". It has been applied to improve PM performances. The present study conducted a systematic and meta-analytic review on the effect and mechanism of implementation intention on PM. In the meta-analysis, 36 comparisons were included. The results showed that for healthy young adults, the overall effect of implementation intention in improving PM performances was significant with a medium effect size (d = 0.445). The combined verbal and imagery form of implementation intention had a relatively larger effect size (d = 0.590). For older adults, implementation intention had a medium to large effect size on their PM performances (d = 0.680). As for the mechanism, implementation intention seemed to reduce ongoing task performances in young adults as reflected by longer reaction time (d = 0.224) though the effect size was small. The present study supports the positive effect of implementation intention on PM. The mechanism and potential implications of this promising strategy especially for clinical/sub-clinical people are discussed.
Health, pre-disease and critical transition to disease in the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network: Are there distinct states in the progression from health to major depressive disorder?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2018.10.014
Abstract: The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network is a regulatory network of interrelated physiological pathways that have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). A model of disease progression for MDD is presented where the stable, healthy state of the PINE network (PINE physiome) undergoes progressive pathophysiological changes to an unstable but reversible pre-disease state (PINE pre-diseasome) with chronic stress. The PINE network may then undergo critical transition to a stable, possibly irreversible disease state of MDD (PINE pathome). Critical transition to disease is heralded by early warning signs which are detectible by biomarkers specific to the PINE network and may be used as a screening test for MDD. Critical transition to MDD may be different for each in idual, as it is reliant on diathesis, which comprises genetic predisposition, intrauterine and developmental factors. Finally, we propose the PINE pre-disease state may form a "universal pre-disease state" for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and critical transition of the PINE network may lead to one of several frequently associated disease states (influenced by diathesis), supporting the existence of a common Chronic Illness Risk Network (CIRN). This may provide insight into both the puzzle of multifinality and the growing clinical challenge of multimorbidity.
Changing causes of death for patients with chronic respiratory disease in England, 2005-2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 29-01-2019
DOI: 10.1136/THORAXJNL-2018-212514
Abstract: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are common, are increasing in prevalence, and cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, we have limited knowledge on causes of death of patients with CRD in the general population. We evaluated mortality rates and causes of death over time in patients with CRD. We used linked primary care and mortality data to determine mortality rates and the most common causes of death in people with CRD (including asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD and interstitial lung diseases (ILD)) during 2005–2015 in England. We identified 558 888 patients with CRD (451 830 asthma, 137 709 COPD, 19 374 bronchiectasis, 10 745 ILD). The age-standardised mortality rate of patients with CRD was 1607 per 100 000 persons (asthma=856, COPD=1503, ILD=2609, bronchiectasis=1463). CRD mortality was overall 54% higher than the general population. A third of patients with CRD died from respiratory-related causes. Respiratory-related mortality was constant, while cardiovascular-related mortality decreased significantly over time. COPD accounted for the majority of respiratory-related deaths (66% overall) in all patient groups except ILD. Patients with CRD continue to experience substantial morbidity and mortality due to respiratory diseases. Disease-modifying intervention strategies are needed to improve outcomes for patients with CRD.
Comparison of individual, group and combined intervention formats in a randomized controlled trial for facilitating goal attainment and improving psychosocial function following acquired brain injury
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2008
Abstract: To compare in idual, group and combined intervention formats for improving goal attainment and psychosocial function following acquired brain injury. Randomized controlled trial, waiting list controls. Thirty-five participants with a mean time of 5.29 years (standard deviation = 3.9) since acquired brain injury were randomly allocated into 6 groups involving an intervention or waiting list control condition for 1 of 3 intervention formats. Interventions were 3 h/week for 8 weeks. Formats included: group-based support (n = 12), in idual occupation-based support (n = 11), and a combined group and in idual support intervention (n = 12). Participant outcomes were examined at pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up assessment on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Patient Competency Rating Scale, and Brain Injury Community Rehabilitation Outcome 39 Scales. Overall, the findings indicated that the in idual intervention component appeared to contribute particularly to gains in performance in goal-specific areas. The combined intervention was associated with maintained gains in performance and satisfaction. However, gains in behavioural competency and psychological well-being were more likely to occur after the group and in idual interventions. These findings generally support the efficacy of brief intervention formats following acquired brain injury, although further research is needed to examine clients' suitability for particular interventions.
An exploration of sensory processing patterns and their association with demographic factors in healthy adults
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 29-07-2020
DOI: 10.1108/IJOT-12-2018-0025
Abstract: Previous research has provided limited evidence on whether and how demographic factors associate with sensory processing patterns (SPP) in adults. This paper aims to examine relationships between SPPs and sociodemographic factors of age, sex, education and ethnicity in healthy adults. A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 71 adult participants was recruited from the community, using convenience s ling. Each participant completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales – short version (DASS-21). Demographic information on age, sex, education and ethnicity was collected. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA). SPPs, as measured by the AASP, were significantly correlated to demographic factors of age and education after controlling for emotional distress using the DASS-21. A statistically significant multivariate effect was found across the four dependent variables (low registration, seeking, sensitivity and avoiding) for the age category, F = 6.922, p = 0.009, η p 2 = 0.145, in the presence of a covariate DASS. The education category showed significance only in the seeking domain ( p = 0.008, η p 2 = 0.10) after controlling for DASS. There was no significant correlation between SPPs and gender or ethnicity. Results also indicated that mean scores of participants in this study were “similar to most people” as standardised in the AASP. This was a cross-sectional study with limitations including that the study used a relatively small s le and was based on self-reported healthy participants. SPPs may correlate with healthy adults’ age and to a lesser extent education. This suggests that it might be helpful to consider such demographic factors when interpreting SPPs in clinical populations, although further research in larger s les is needed to reach firmer conclusions about possible implications of demographic variables. The findings in this paper add to the growing evidence that suggest that SPPs vary with sociodemographic factors.
ADHD subtypes and neuropsychological performance in an adult sample
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.RIDD.2016.03.013
Abstract: The study investigated, with an adult s le, the hypothesis that differences between subtypes of ADHD on neuropsychological tests contribute to the poor separation of ADHD and healthy groups on tests of this kind. Groups of ADHD inattentive (n=16) and combined (n=16) subtypes were carefully identified using DSM-IV criteria, and their performance on 14 measures of attention, memory, and executive function (EF) was compared between subtypes and between the two subtypes combined and a group of healthy controls (n=30). Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant differences between the two subtypes, and between the two subtypes combined and the healthy controls. Importantly for the hypothesis, where differences for neuropsychological tests in terms of effect sizes between subtypes were largest, the differences in effect sizes between the two groups combined and controls were smallest (r=-0.64, 95% CI [-0.15, -0.87]).
From feedback loop transitions to biomarkers in the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network: Detecting the critical transition from health to major depression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2018.03.005
Abstract: Biological pathways underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) can be viewed as systems biology networks. The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network comprises central nervous, immune, endocrine and autonomic systems, integrating biological mechanisms of MDD. Such networks exhibit recurrent motifs with specific functions, including positive and negative feedback loops, and are subject to critical transitions, influenced by feedback loop transitions (FLTs). We aim to identify critical feedback loops and their FLTs, as well sentinel network nodes (SNNs), key network nodes that drive FLTs, within the PINE network. Ex les of biomarkers are provided which may reflect early warning signs of impending critical transition to MDD. Disruption of homeostatic feedback loops reflects the physiological transition to MDD. Putative FLTs are identified within hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic-parasympathetic axes, the kynurenine pathway, gut function and dysbiosis. Progression from health to disease is driven by FLTs in the PINE network, which is likely to undergo changes characteristic of system instability. Biomarkers of system instability may effectively predict the critical transition to MDD.
The thinner the better: Evidence on the internalization of the slimness ideal in Chinese college students
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-02-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.346
“Female Preponderance” of Depression in Non-clinical Populations: A Meta-Analytic Study
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 15-09-2016
The moderating effect of estimated pre-morbid IQ on the relationship between neuropsychological status and subjective well-being after brain tumour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2013.12.008
Abstract: People with brain tumour experience complex and distressing symptoms. Neuropsychological impairment is proposed to have a negative impact on subjective well-being however, research is yet to examine the influence of estimated premorbid IQ on this relationship. This preliminary study investigated the moderating effect of estimated premorbid IQ on the relationship between global neuropsychological status (GNF) and depression and quality of life. 73 adults (51% male) aged 21-65 years with primary brain tumour (52% benign) were administered a test battery assessing estimated premorbid IQ, GNF, depression (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, FACT). A series of two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for education found a significant interaction between estimated premorbid IQ (low average to average vs high average) and GNF (low vs high) on levels of depression (p < .05) and FACT emotional well-being (p < .05). For these outcomes, in iduals with high average estimated premorbid IQ and low GNF reported better well-being than those with low-average to average estimated premorbid IQ and low GNF. Higher GNF was related to greater functional well-being (p < .01) irrespective of estimated premorbid IQ. The finding that higher premorbid cognitive ability buffers the effect of neuropsychological impairment on emotional well-being after brain tumour advances understanding of the role of cognitive reserve in adjustment to neurological disorders.
Using virtual reality to assess theory of mind subprocesses and error types in early and chronic schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Executive Functions in Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Their Relationship with Risk-Taking Behavior
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-10-2020
Efficacy of a web-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention for adult cancer survivors: A pilot study
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 04-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12805
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention in survivors of adult-onset cancer and a s le of non-cancer community dwelling adults. Fifty-one participants were recruited and allocated to a cancer intervention group, a non-cancer intervention group, or a non-cancer waitlist group. Intervention groups completed a 4-week online program and all participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was subjective cognitive functioning. Secondary outcome measures included objective cognitive functioning, distress, quality of life (QoL), illness perception and program satisfaction. Results from the study found significant improvements on self-report measures of cognitive functioning in both treatment groups, as well as improvements on objective measures assessing attention and executive functioning. No intervention effects were observed for distress, QoL or illness perception. High participant satisfaction was observed with 75% of participants in the cancer group reporting being either "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with the program compared to 87% in the non-cancer treatment group. Initial evaluation of the program suggests that the web-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention shows potential for improving subjective and objective cognitive functioning in cancer survivors and community dwelling adults.
Self-report prospective memory problems in people with stroke
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-10-2015
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.974672
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is a common problem which can limit performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living in patients with stroke. This study compared self-report PM failures between older and younger people with stroke, examined differences in perceptions of PM failures between people with stroke and relatives, relationships between these PM failures and functional performance. A total of 105 patients with stroke, 65 relatives and 112 healthy controls were recruited. Both the patients with stroke and controls were further ided into an older (age > 55 years) and a younger (age ≤ 55 years) group. Data for patients with stroke and relatives were obtained via the Brief Assessment of Prospective Memory (BAPM), Basic Activity of Daily Living (BADL) related Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton IADL) Scale. Healthy controls' data were also collected. The older stroke group had significantly higher BAPM total scores and BADL and IADL sub-scale scores than the younger group. Difference in perceptions of the patients' self-report of PM failures and their relatives' report was significant for the IADL sub-scale. Self-report of PM failure was significantly related to functional BADL and IADL measures. Results highlight the impact of PM failures in patients with stroke and their assessment, management and rehabilitation of these patients.
Psycho-oncology assessment in Chinese populations: a systematic review of quality of life and psychosocial measures
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-08-2016
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12367
Abstract: This systematic review describes psychosocial and quality of life (QOL) measures used in psycho-oncology research with cancer patients and caregivers in China. Medline and PsycINFO databases were searched (1980-2014). Studies reviewed met the following criteria: English language peer-reviewed s led Chinese cancer patients/caregivers developed, validated or assessed psychometric properties of psychosocial or QOL outcome measures and reported validation data. The review examined characteristics of measures and participants, translation and cultural adaptation processes and psychometric properties of the measures. Ninety five studies met review criteria. Common characteristics of studies reviewed were they: assessed primarily QOL measures, s led patients with breast, colorectal, or head and neck cancer, and validated existing measures (>80%) originating in North America or Europe. Few studies reported difficulties translating measures. Regarding psychometric properties of the measures >50% of studies reported subscale reliabilities <α = 0.70, <50% reported test-retest reliability, and <30% reported ergent validity. Few reported sensitivity, specificity or responsiveness. Improved accuracy and transparency of reporting for translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of psychosocial measures is needed. Developing support structures for translating and validating psychosocial measures would enable this and ensure Chinese psycho-oncology clinical practice and research keeps pace with international focus on patient reported outcome measures and data management.
Associations between participation and personal factors in community-dwelling adults post-stroke
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-12-2023
Abstract: To examine associations between post-stroke participation and personal factors, including demographic characteristics, self- and threat appraisals, and personality variables. An exploratory cross-sectional study with purpose-designed survey was completed online or via mail. The survey was comprised of demographic and health-related questions and multiple questionnaires, including the Stroke Impact Scale Version 3.0 (SISv3) (participation erceived recovery), Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) (participation), Head Injury Semantic Differential III (pre- vs post-stroke self-concept/self-discrepancy), Appraisal of Threat and Avoidance Questionnaire (threat appraisal), Life Orientation Test – Revised (optimism) and Relationships Questionnaire (adult attachment style) that measured variables of interest. Sixty-two participants, aged 24–96 years who had experienced a stroke (one or multiple events) and had returned to community living, completed the survey. Associations were examined using correlations, and univariate and multiple linear regression analyses. Regression analysis showed that greater participation, measured using the CIQ, was associated with younger age, female gender, lower self-discrepancy and higher perceived recovery, explaining 69% of the variability in CIQ participation. Further, greater participation on the SISv3 was associated with lower self-discrepancy and higher perceived recovery, explaining 64% of the variability in SISv3 participation. Results indicate that personal factors, particularly self-appraisals like self-concept/self-discrepancy, in combination with perceived recovery may be important in explaining a large portion of variance in post-stroke participation. Specifically, findings highlight the interrelatedness of self-concept change, perceived recovery and post-stroke participation. Further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the directionality of these associations throughout the hospital-to-home transition.
Predictive Value of Prospective Memory for Remission in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-06-2013
DOI: 10.1111/PPC.12027
Abstract: The study examined the rate of remission in in iduals experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia (FES) in China and explored predictors of remission in the acute phase of the illness. Fifty-five FES patients were randomly treated with risperidone, olanzapine, or aripiprazole at therapeutic doses for 8 weeks, and their clinical profiles and cognition were assessed using standardized assessment instruments at entry and the end of the study. Of the 55 patients, 30 (54.5%) remitted by the end of the 8-week study. In univariate analyses, shorter duration of untreated psychosis, higher scores on both the time-based prospective memory (TBPM) and event-based prospective memory tasks and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised, and less severe negative symptoms were significantly associated with remission. In stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses, only higher scores on the TBPM significantly predicted remission. In iduals having higher scores reflecting better TBPM at baseline were more likely to achieve remission after 8 weeks of optimized antipsychotic treatment. TPBM may be useful in helping clinicians identify those FES patients most likely to achieve a favorable treatment response.
Cognitive empathy partially mediates the association between negative schizotypy traits and social functioning
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2013.03.015
Abstract: The present study aimed to examine empathy in in iduals with schizotypy and to explore whether empathy mediates the associations between schizotypy traits and social functioning in college students. 1083 (376 males, mean age 18.78 ± 0.86 years) Chinese university students completed questionnaires measuring empathy, social functioning, and schizotypy. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their scores on the Chapman Psychosis Proneness scales: mixed schizotypy, positive schizotypy, negative schizotypy, and healthy controls. Participants in the negative schizotypy group reported significantly poorer scores on both affective and cognitive empathy than those in the positive schizotypy and healthy control groups. The mixed schizotypy group showed lower affective empathy than the healthy control group. Scores on both cognitive and affective empathy in the positive schizotypy group were similar to those in the healthy control group. In addition, cognitive empathy was found to be a partial mediator of the association between negative schizotypy traits and social functioning. Results suggest that while in iduals with negative schizotypy have deficits in empathy, in iduals with positive schizotypy show empathy abilities comparable to that of healthy controls. Moreover, only cognitive empathy partially mediated the relationship between negative schizotypy and social functioning.
Quality of Life of Patients With Euthymic Bipolar Disorder and Its Associations With Demographic and Clinical Characteristics, Psychopathology, and Cognitive Deficits
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 31-05-2013
DOI: 10.1111/PPC.12024
Abstract: Little is known about quality of life (QOL) in Chinese patients with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission (euthymia). This study examined the QOL of such a cohort of BD patients and its demographic, clinical, and cognitive correlates. Forty-seven euthymic BD patients and 47 matched healthy controls formed the study s le. Socio-demographic characteristics, prospective memory, retrospective memory, intelligence quotient, and executive functioning were measured in all participants together with patients’ psychopathology ratings. Multivariate analyses revealed that compared to controls, euthymic BD patients had significantly lower satisfaction with physical QOL domain. Only subthreshold depressive symptoms independently contributed to reduced satisfaction with physical and environmental QOL domains, whereas no variable predicted its psychological and social domains. Contrary to findings from Western settings, demographic variables and cognitive deficits had no associations with any QOL domain in euthymic Chinese BD patients. Control of subthreshold depressive symptoms in euthymic BD patients might enhance their QOL.
Validation of the Empathy Quotient in Mainland China
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1324458
Abstract: This research aimed to validate a simplified Chinese version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ 60 items) for use with Mainland Chinese people. The original English version of the EQ was translated into simplified Chinese. Through an online survey, 588 Mainland Chinese participants completed the EQ and 3 other questionnaires: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Thirty-five participants completed retesting of the EQ 3 to 4 weeks later. Sex differences on the EQ scores and psychometric properties of the EQ items were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that an EQ 15-item structural model fitted the data quite well. Self-report empathy, as assessed by the current simplified Chinese version of the EQ, appeared to relate to participants' autistic and alexithymic traits but not sex.
Electrophysiological correlates of perceptual auditory priming without explicit recognition memory
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/A000104
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify an event-related potential (ERP correlate) of perceptual auditory priming using a method that can dissociate it from explicit memory similar to Rugg et al. (1998) . EEG was recorded during performance of an auditory word recognition test, where 17 participants discriminated “old” from “new” aural words, encoded using either a “deep” or “shallow” levels-of-processing (LOP) study task. A right-lateralized P200 effect was modulated by words’ old/new status but not by accuracy of recognition or LOP manipulation. Because this effect was driven by simple repetition rather than factors known to influence episodic recognition memory, a “bottom-up” perceptual priming function was inferred which was substantiated by its early temporal appearance. A similar ERP litude modulation was evident across a broader topographical region during the subsequent N400 time interval. Conversely the late posterior component (LPC 500–800 ms) for deeply-encoded, correctly-recognized words was of higher litude than LPCs for shallowly-encoded and new words, consistent with proposals that this ERP component indexes episodic memory. To our knowledge this is the first report of an ERP correlate of auditory perceptual priming dissociated from explicit episodic memory.
Development of Prospective Memory: Tasks Based on the Prefrontal-Lobe Model
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1080/09297040490920186
Abstract: This study investigated the development of prospective memory using tasks based on the prefrontal-lobe model. Three groups each of 30 children, adolescents, and young adults were compared on prospective-memory performance using ongoing tasks with two levels of cognitive demand (low and high), and two levels of importance (unstressed and stressed) of remembering prospective cues. The Self-Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT), Stroop Color Word Interference Test, and Tower of London were also used to assess relationships between prospective memory and prefrontal-lobe functions. The children remembered fewer prospective cues than either the adolescents or adults, but the adolescents and adults remembered equally well. This trend increased significantly as the cognitive demand of the ongoing tasks increased. However, stressing or not stressing the importance of remembering made no difference to prospective-memory performance. Performance on the SOPT and Stroop Colour Word Interference predicted performance on the high- but not on the low-demand condition. These findings implicate the maturation of the brain's prefrontal region in the development of prospective memory.
Understanding of Adherence in Pharmacy Students, Pharmacists, and Their Patients: the Myth of Common Sense
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Prospective memory and frontal lobe function
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-07-2016
DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2015.1069252
Abstract: The study sought to examine the role of frontal lobe functioning in focal prospective memory (PM) performance and its relation to PM deficit in older adults. PM and working memory (WM) differences were studied in younger aged (n = 21), older aged (n = 20), and frontal injury (n = 14) groups. An event-based focal PM task was employed and three measures of WM were administered. The younger aged group differed from the other two groups in showing significantly higher scores on PM and on one of the WM measures, but there were no differences at a statistically significant level between the older aged group and the frontal injury groups on any of the memory measures. There were, however, some differences in correlations with a WM measure between groups. It is concluded that there are similarities and differences in the deficits in PM between older adults and patients with frontal lobe injury on focal as well as nonfocal PM tasks.
Neural correlates of the effect of implementation intention on prospective memory.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-12-2019
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.257
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. Implementation intention refers to a self-regulatory strategy in the form of "If …, then …" planning that can improve PM performance. However, the neural basis of the effect of implementation intention on PM remains unclear, as do the phases of PM that are affected by implementation intention. This study aimed to address these issues. Healthy participants were randomly assigned to the implementation intention (n = 18) and typical instruction (n = 20) conditions. All of them underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning when performing a PM task, which differentiated encoding, maintenance, and execution phases. Results demonstrated that participants in the implementation intention group showed different brain activations compared to participants in the typical instruction group. During the encoding phase, the implementation intention group showed increased activations in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 10) and supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) compared to the typical instruction group during the maintenance phase, the typical instruction group showed stronger activations in the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 46) than the implementation intention group during the execution phase, the typical instruction group showed increased activations in the precentral gyrus (BA 6) and middle frontal gyrus (BA 8) than the implementation intention group. These results demonstrated the neural correlates of implementation intention on PM in different phases, and support the conclusion of our previous review based on fMRI evidence that implementation intention's improvement of PM performance is not fully automatic.
Genomics-Based Insights Into the Biosynthesis and Unusually High Accumulation of Free Fatty Acids by Streptomyces sp. NP10
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-06-2018
Impaired prospective memory but intact episodic memory in intellectually average 7- to 9-year-olds born very preterm and/or very low birth weight
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2016.1216091
Abstract: Relatively little is known about episodic memory (EM: memory for personally-experienced events) and prospective memory (PM: memory for intended actions) in children born very preterm (VP) or with very low birth weight (VLBW). This study evaluates EM and PM in mainstream-schooled 7- to 9-year-olds born VP (≤ 32 weeks) and/or VLBW (< 1500 g) and matches full-term children for comparison (n = 35 and n = 37, respectively). Additionally, participants were assessed for verbal and non-verbal ability, executive function (EF), and theory of mind (ToM). The results show that the VP/VLBW children were outperformed by the full-term children on the memory tests overall, with a significant univariate group difference in PM. Moreover, within the VP/VLBW group, the measures of PM, verbal ability and working memory all displayed reliable negative correlations with severity of neonatal illness. PM was found to be independent of EM and cognitive functioning, suggesting that this form of memory might constitute a domain of specific vulnerability for VP/VLBW children.
Foot massage versus quiet presence on agitation and mood in people with dementia: A randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJNURSTU.2013.10.019
Abstract: There is increasing interest in using complementary and alternative treatments to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia such as agitation, aggression and depressed mood. To compare the effect of foot massage (intervention) and quiet presence (control) on agitation and mood in people with dementia. A randomised controlled trial using a within-subjects, crossover design. Five long-term care facilities in Brisbane, Australia. The primary outcome was the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and the secondary outcome was the Observed Emotion Rating Scale (OERS). The screening and data collection research assistants, families, and care staff were blinded to participant allocation. Participants of the study were 55 long-term care residents aged 74-103 years (mean age 86.5), with moderate to severe dementia and a history of agitated behaviour according to the Pittsburgh Agitation Scale. A computer-program randomised participants to 10-min foot massage (intervention) or quiet presence (control), every weekday for 3 weeks. A carry-over effect was identified in the data, and so the data was treated as a parallel groups RCT. The mean total CMAI increased in both groups (reflecting an increase in agitation) with this increase greater in the quiet presence group than the foot massage group (p=0.03). There was a trend towards a difference on OERS General Alertness, with a positive change in alertness for participants in the foot massage group (indicating reduced alertness) and a negative change for participants in the quiet presence group (indicating increased alertness) (F(1,51)=3.88, p=0.05, partial ή(2)=0.07). The findings highlight the need for further research on the specific conditions under which massage might promote relaxation and improve mood for people with dementia. The unfamiliar research assistants and variations in usual activity may have contributed to the increase in agitation and this needs further research. ACTRN12612000658819.
Executive and theory-of-mind contributions to event-based prospective memory in children: Exploring the self-projection hypothesis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JECP.2011.10.006
Abstract: In two studies, 4- to 6-year-olds were asked to name pictures of animals for the benefit of a watching hand puppet (the ongoing task) but to refrain from naming and to remove from view any pictures of dogs (the prospective memory [PM] task). Children also completed assessments of verbal ability, cognitive inhibition, working memory, and false-belief understanding (both studies), empathy (Study 1 only), and performance on false-sign tests that matched the false-belief tests in narrative content and structure (Study 2 only). Both studies found that inhibition and false-belief performance made unique contributions to the variance in PM, although in Study 1 the influence of inhibition was evident only when children needed to withhold naming. Study 2 further demonstrated that false-belief performance was the only reliable predictor of whether children remembered to return to the researcher an object that had been loaned to them prior to the picture-naming game. Both experiments uncovered moderate relations between PM and chronological age, but such relations were rarely significant after taking account of cognitive ability. We consider the implications of the findings for (a) current views regarding frontal/executive contributions to PM development and (b) the suggestion that the same brain network underlies various forms of mental self-projection, including envisioning the future and understanding the minds of other people.
The correlates of aggression in people with acquired brain injury: A preliminary retrospective study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-05-2011
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2011.580315
Abstract: To identify correlates of aggressive behaviours in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI). During a 16 month period, patients who had ABI and who had been aggressive during hospitalization (n = 32) were identified by hospital staff. A comprehensive chart review of these patients was completed. Results were compared against results of a matched patient s le who had not been aggressive (32). Five variables which were significantly correlated with aggression were entered into a standard logistic regression. The model explained 61.4% of the total variance and successfully predicted 87.5% of the non-aggressive group and 78.1% of the aggressive group. The overall correct prediction rate was 82.8%. Of the five variables, four were found to significantly contribute to the predictive ability of the model: an education of 10 years or less, a history of aggression, dependence on staff for assistance with activities of daily living and a hospitalization period of 51 days or more. The results highlight some variables related to aggression by patients with ABI in the hospital environment and can be utilized in staff education and training programmes to increase the awareness of risk factors.
Correction to: Prospective Memory Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-11-2022
Effectiveness of sensory modulation for people with schizophrenia: A multisite quantitative prospective cohort study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2022
Abstract: Current research evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia have sensory processing difficulties. Sensory modulation has growing evidence for use in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which health, social, cognitive, and occupational functioning outcomes were impacted by sensory modulation interventions for people with schizophrenia. A prospective observational cohort study using a waitlist control design was used in two large hospital and health services in Queensland, Australia. The study recruited patients who used sensory modulation ( n = 30) across the two hospitals and those who did not use sensory modulation interventions as a control ( n = 11). Results were analysed using a series of planned comparisons including independent and paired t‐ tests, and mixed ANOVA was used whenever statistically indicated. The analysed measures were pre‐ and post‐intervention scores. This study found no statically significant differences between the control and intervention groups at both pre‐ and post‐intervention. However, analysis of results from within the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements between pre‐ and post‐test scores on distress, occupational functioning, and health and social functioning but not on sensory processing and global cognitive processing. Further analysis of results from this study, compared with those from an earlier study on the general population showed significant differences in Low Registration and Sensation Avoiding, as measured by the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile, between participants with schizophrenia and those without schizophrenia. This study provides evidence to suggest that sensory modulation interventions can be complementary to standard care when utilised appropriately in clinical settings. Findings also suggest that the sensory profile of people with schizophrenia is different to that of the general population and this may have clinical implications. Further longitudinal research is needed with larger and randomised s les, using more targeted measures to better explore effectiveness of sensory modulation interventions.
Prospective memory rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury: A compensatory training programme
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1080/02699050410001720059
Abstract: To describe a prospective memory rehabilitation programme based on a compensatory training approach and report the results of three case studies. Programme evaluation using pre- and post-intervention assessments and telephone follow-up. Three participants with traumatic brain injury completed 8 weeks of training with 1-2 hour in idual sessions. Assessments were formal prospective memory assessment, self-report and measures of diary use. Intervention aimed to identify potential barriers, establish self-awareness of memory deficits, introduce a customized compensatory tool, a cueing system and organizational strategies. A significant other was involved in training to assist generalization. All three participants improved on formal prospective memory assessment and demonstrated successful diary use after the programme. Self-report of prospective memory failure fluctuated and may reflect increased self-awareness. A compensatory approach may be useful in improving prospective memory performance following TBI.
Reduced Frontal Activations at High Working Memory Load in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1159/000450993
Abstract: b i Background: /i /b Some functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported altered activations in the frontal cortex during working memory (WM) performance in in iduals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the findings have been mixed. The objective of the present study was to utilize near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), an alternative imaging technique, to examine neural processing during WM performance in in iduals with MCI. b i Methods: /i /b Twenty-six older adults with MCI (7 males mean age 69.15 years) were compared with 26 age-, gender-, handedness-, and education-matched older adults with normal cognition (NC 7 males mean age 68.87 years). All of the participants undertook an i n /i -back task with a low (i.e., 0-back) and a high (i.e., 2-back) WM load condition while their prefrontal dynamics were recorded by a 16-channel NIRS system. b i Results: /i /b Although behavioral results showed that the two groups had comparable task performance, neuroimaging results showed that the MCI group, unlike the NC group, did not exhibit significantly increased frontal activations bilaterally when WM load increased. Compared to the NC group, the MCI group had similar frontal activations at low load ( i /i 0.05 on all channels) but reduced activations at high load ( i /i 0.05 on 4 channels), thus failing to demonstrate WM-related frontal activations ( i /i 0.05 on 9 channels). In addition, we found a positive correlation between the left WM-related frontal activations and WM ability primarily in the NC group ( i r /i sub s /sub = 0.42, i /i = 0.035), suggesting a relationship between frontal hypoactivation and WM difficulties. b i Conclusion: /i /b The present findings suggest the presence of frontal dysfunction that is dependent on WM load in in iduals with MCI.
Upper-limb virtual rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury: A preliminary within-group evaluation of the elements system
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2011.648706
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the Elements virtual reality (VR) system for rehabilitation of upper-limb function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using a within-group design, patients were tested three times, each 4 weeks apart: Pre-intervention 1 and 2 and Post-intervention. During intervention, participants received 12 1-hour training sessions over 4 weeks in addition to their usual care. Five males and four females aged 18-48 years with severe TBI were recruited. The Elements system consisted of a 100-cm tabletop LCD, camera tracking system, tangible user interfaces (i.e. graspable objects of basic shape) and software. The system provided two modes of interaction with augmented feedback: goal-directed and exploratory. Upper-limb performance was assessed using system-rated measures (movement speed, accuracy and efficiency) and standardized tests. Planned comparisons revealed little change in performance over the pre-test period apart from an increase in movement speed. There were significant training effects, with large effect sizes on all measures except the nuts-and-bolts task. These preliminary findings support the results of an early case study of the Elements system, further demonstrating that VR training is a viable adjunct to conventional physical therapy in facilitating motor learning in patients with TBI.
Culture–Sex Interaction and the Self-Report Empathy in Australians and Mainland Chinese
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-03-2019
The burden of chronic diseases and patients' preference for healthcare services among adult patients suffering from chronic diseases in Bangladesh
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13634
Abstract: Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have a disproportionately high burden of chronic diseases, with inequalities in health care access and quality services. This study aimed to assess patients' preferences for healthcare services for chronic disease management among adult patients in Bangladesh. The present analysis was conducted among 10,385 patients suffering from chronic diseases, drawn from the latest Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016–2017. We used the multinomial logistic regression to investigate the association of chronic comorbid conditions and healthcare service‐related factors with patients' preferences for healthcare services. The top four dimensions of patient preference for healthcare services in order of magnitude were quality of treatment (30.3%), short distance to health facility (27.6%), affordability of health care (21.7%) and availability of doctors (11.0%). Patients with heart disease had a 29% significantly lower preference for healthcare affordability than the quality of healthcare services (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.71 0.56–0.90). Patients who received healthcare services from pharmacies or dispensaries were more likely to prefer a short distance to a health facility (RRR = 6.99 4.80–9.86) or affordability of healthcare services (RRR = 3.13 2.25–4.36). Patients with comorbid conditions were more likely to prefer healthcare affordability (RRR = 1.39 1.15–1.68). In addition, patients who received health care from a public facility had 2.93 times higher preference for the availability of medical doctors (RRR = 2.93 1.70–5.04) than the quality of treatment in the health facility, when compared with private service providers. Patient preferences for healthcare services in chronic disease management were significantly associated with the type of disease and its magnitude and characteristics of healthcare providers. Therefore, to enhance service provision and equitable distribution and uptake of health services, policymakers and public health practitioners should consider patient preferences in designing national strategic frameworks for chronic disease management. Our research team includes four researchers (co‐authors) with chronic diseases who have experience of living or working with people suffering from chronic conditions or diseases.
Prospective memory impairment and its implications for community living skills in bipolar disorder
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-09-2013
DOI: 10.1111/BDI.12122
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to undertake intended actions in the future. The functional significance of PM in bipolar disorder (BD) has not yet been investigated. This study examined PM impairment and its role in community living skills in clinically stable in iduals with BD. Seventy-six in iduals with BD and 44 healthy in iduals were assessed with the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test. Socio-demographic characteristics, retrospective memory (RM the ability to recall or recognize past information), and intelligence were also measured in all participants. The clinical condition and community living skills of patients with BD were rated independently with standardized instruments. Patients with BD showed PM impairment and their PM total scores independently predicted the level of community living skills in regression analyses. In follow-up analyses, the contribution was found to be accounted for by the time-based PM scores. Given the expanding body of research on the utility of PM in predicting functioning, these findings further support the role of PM in community living skills in in iduals with BD. The results suggest that PM training might be an integral part of clinical rehabilitation devised for in iduals with BD.
Prospective Memory After Stroke: A Scoping Review
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-06-2016
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to review the limited, but growing, literature on prospective memory (PM) following stroke using a scoping study methodology. Multiple databases were systematically searched and yielded 11 studies that were classified as observational ( n = 7) or intervention studies ( n = 4) and reviewed for quality. PM impairment after stroke was more commonly identified using behavioural measures compared to self-report measures. There were mixed findings regarding the extent and nature of PM impairment poststroke however, more studies reported impairment for time-based PM, compared to both event- and activity-based PM. Studies examining rehabilitative techniques for PM resulted in mixed findings and were limited as most were case studies of poor methodological quality. Overall previous research in this area was limited as most studies were often underpowered due to small s le sizes, or used single-item measures which may not be robust enough to reliably measure PM impairment. Additionally, the methods used to measure PM were varied and many studies did not control for retrospective memory impairment, which could impact the results, as PM has both a retrospective (remembering both the action and when it needs to be completed) and prospective component (remembering to perform the action when appropriate). In conclusion, PM impairment is apparent poststroke, specifically for time-based PM. However, more research is needed to determine why PM impairment occurs, and how it can be improved.
Utility of the Canadian occupational performance measure in community-based brain injury rehabilitation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/02699050701739531
Abstract: To investigate the clinical utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) for community-based in iduals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Thirty-four in iduals with ABI (M = 5.32 years post-injury, SD = 3.92) were administered the COPM with self- and relative ratings of performance and satisfaction obtained. Relatives completed the Brain Injury Community Rehabilitation Outcome 39 (BICRO-39) scales. Measures of awareness of deficits, emotional status and cognitive function were obtained. A sub-group of participants was randomly allocated into a no-intervention group (n = 15) or an 8-week treatment group (n = 10). Initial assessments and 8-week follow-up assessments were conducted. A pre- and post-assessment comparison for the treatment group identified a significant improvement on most COPM ratings (p 0.05). However, self-ratings of satisfaction improved for the no-intervention group (p < 0.05). Self-ratings of satisfaction were significantly correlated with anxiety (r = -0.42, p < 0.05), although there were no other significant associations between COPM ratings and awareness, mood state and cognitive function. The findings generally support the utility of the COPM in community-based rehabilitation however, the need for self-ratings to be interpreted in the context of other outcome indicators is recommended.
Relational processing following stroke
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BANDC.2012.09.003
Abstract: The research examined relational processing following stroke. Stroke patients (14 with frontal, 30 with non-frontal lesions) and 41 matched controls completed four relational processing tasks: sentence comprehension, Latin square matrix completion, modified Dimensional Change Card Sorting, and n-back. Each task included items at two or three levels of relational complexity. Relational processing was impaired in the stroke groups. This was due mainly to items at the intermediate ternary-relational level of complexity. Less complex binary-relational items and more complex quaternary-relational items (the latter are difficult for adults generally) were less sensitive to stroke status. Impairment was greater in frontal than non-frontal stroke patients. Positive inter-correlations among measures supported the domain-general nature of relational processing. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.
Evaluation of a virtual reality prospective memory task for use with individuals with severe traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-02-2014
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2014.881746
Abstract: The current study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, convergent validity and ecological validity of a newly developed virtual reality prospective memory (PM) task (i.e., the Virtual Reality Shopping Task VRST) for use with in iduals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thirty in iduals with severe TBI and 24 uninjured adults matched on age, gender and education level were administered the VRST, a lexical decision PM task (LDPMT), an index of task-friendliness and a cognitive assessment battery. Significant others rated disruptions in the TBI participants' occupational activities, interpersonal relationships and independent living skills. The performance of the TBI group was significantly poorer than that of controls on event-based PM as measured by the LDPMT, and on time- and event-based PM as measured by the VRST. Performance on the VRST significantly predicted significant others' ratings of patients' occupational activities and independent living skills. The VRST was rated as significantly more reflective of an everyday activity, interesting and was afforded a higher recommendation than the LDPMT. For the TBI group, event and total PM performance on the VRST significantly correlated with performance on measures of mental flexibility and verbal fluency, and total PM performance correlated with verbal memory. These results provide preliminary but promising evidence of the sensitivity, as well as the convergent and ecological validity of the VRST.
The impact of using implementation intentions as task instructions on prospective memory performance after stroke
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-11-2021
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after an earthquake experience: A cross-sectional survey of Wenchuan earthquake victims with physical disabilities 10 years later
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Decoding dyadic interactive nonverbal behaviour in Chinese and Australian cohorts: A novel dyadic puzzle-solving task
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AJSP.12179
Characteristics and clinical correlates of prospective memory performance in first-episode schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2011.12.001
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine prospective memory (PM) and its socio-demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive correlates in first episode schizophrenia (FES). Fifty-one FES patients and 42 healthy controls formed the study s le. Time- and event-based PM (TBPM and EBPM) performance were measured with the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT). A battery of neuropsychological tests was also administered. Patients' clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Patients performed significantly worse in both TBPM (8.7 ± 5.3 vs. 14.8 ± 3.5) and EBPM (11.3 ± 4.7 vs. 15.7 ± 2.7) than the controls. After controlling for age, gender, education level and neurocognitive test score, the difference in performance on the two types of PM tasks between patients and controls was no longer present. In multiple linear regression analyses, longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), lower scores of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the categories completed of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-CC) and higher score of the Color Trails Test-2 (CTT-2) contributed to poorer TBPM performance, while lower score of HVLT-R, higher score of the perseverative errors of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-PE) and longer DUP contributed to worse performance on EBPM. Both subtypes of PM are impaired in first-episode schizophrenia suggesting that PM deficits are an integral part of the cognitive dysfunction in the disease process.
Profiling of experiential pleasure, emotional regulation and emotion expression in patients with schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2017.08.048
Abstract: Emotion deficits may be the basis of negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients and they are prevalent in these patients. However, inconsistent findings about emotion deficits in schizophrenia suggest that there may be subtypes. The present study aimed to examine and profile experiential pleasure, emotional regulation and expression in patients with schizophrenia. A set of checklists specifically capturing experiential pleasure, emotional regulation, emotion expression, depressive symptoms and anhedonia were administered to 146 in-patients with schizophrenia and 73 demographically-matched healthy controls. Psychiatric symptoms and negative symptoms were also evaluated by a trained psychiatrist for patients with schizophrenia. Two-stage cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis were used to analyze the profile of these measures in patients with schizophrenia. We found a three-cluster solution. Cluster 1 (n=41) was characterized by a deficit in experiential pleasure and emotional regulation, Cluster 2 (n=47) was characterized by a general deficit in experiential pleasure, emotional regulation and emotion expression, and Cluster 3 (n=57) was characterized by a deficit in emotion expression. Results of a discriminant function analysis indicated that the three groups were reasonably discrete. The present findings suggest that schizophrenia patients can be classified into three subtypes based on experiential pleasure, emotional regulation and emotion expression, which are characterized by distinct clinical representations.
Cognitive and physical fatigue are associated with distinct problems in daily functioning, role fulfilment, and quality of life in multiple sclerosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.MSARD.2019.03.024
Abstract: To examine whether cognitive and physical fatigue are differentially associated with problems in self-care, mobility, relationships, participation, psychological well-being, and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. A cross-sectional study involving seventy-four community-dwelling people with MS was undertaken. Between-groups analysis was used to compare ratings on the Perceived Impact of Problem Profile (PIPP) in a range of functional domains and the SF-36 quality of life measure, across median-split groups based on level of both physical and cognitive fatigue using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. The impact of poor psychological well-being (p = .005), and associated distress (p = .008) on PIPP was greater in the 'high-level' cognitive fatigue group than the 'low-level' cognitive fatigue group. By contrast, the 'high-level' and 'low-level' physical fatigue groups differed significantly in their self-reported impact of problems in the areas of mobility (p = .002), relationships (p = .014), participation (p = .001), and psychological well-being (p = .004). Overall mental quality of life was significantly lower (p < .001) in those high in cognitive fatigue comparative to the low-level group, and overall physical quality of life was significantly lower (p = .002) in people with multiple sclerosis high in physical fatigue as opposed to low. Cognitive and physical fatigue were associated with distinct problems in daily functioning, which impact differentially on role fulfilment and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Therefore, these two types of fatigue should be considered distinct domains of the fatigue experience in MS.
Correspondence between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning Following Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-07-2016
Abstract: This study examined subjective and objective cognitive functioning in 26 female breast cancer survivors (BCS) who received chemotherapy treatment that finished .5 to 5 years prior to testing and compared their results to 25 demographically matched women with no history of cancer. Participants were assessed on prospective memory (PM) tasks neuropsychological tests of processing speed, attentional flexibility with greater cognitive load, executive function, and verbal memory self-report measures of cognitive dysfunction and PM failures and distress. The BCS group showed significantly slower speed of processing and reduced attentional flexibility, and reported significantly more cognitive complaints and PM failures than the control group on five of six self-report measures. The groups did not differ on other PM or neuropsychological measures or on a measure of distress. Subjective cognition correlated with some neuropsychological tests and with a virtual reality PM task. Objective cognitive impairments were associated with reduced quality of life in the BCS group. The results provide some evidence of both self-reported impairment and objective cognitive dysfunction following chemotherapy treatment.
Performance of individuals with severe long-term traumatic brain injury on time-, event-, and activity-based prospective memory tasks
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1999
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on time-, event-, and activity-based prospective memory using a laboratory paradigm developed in the literature on ageing (Einstein, McDaniel, Richardson, Guynn, & Cunfer, 1995). The participants were 12 in iduals with severe long-term TBI and 12 community controls. Participants were asked to answer general-knowledge questions on a computer for two sessions. The time- and event-based tasks were embedded in this filler activity. Participants were also required to carry out activity-based actions at the end of the two sessions. Participants with TBI performed significantly worse than did controls on all three prospective-memory tasks, indicating that TBI affects not only retrospective but also prospective memory. Implications of these results for the assessment and rehabilitation of memory problems in in iduals with TBI are discussed.
Developmental trajectories of schizotypal personality disorder-like behavioural manifestations: A two-year longitudinal prospective study of college students
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2013
Abstract: Previous evidence has shown that schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is part of the schizophrenia spectrum. Few studies have examined latent classes in the developmental trajectories of SPD features over time in in iduals with SPD features. We adopted a longitudinal prospective study design to follow up a cohort of 660 college students during a two-year period. Participants’ SPD-like symptoms and psychosocial function were measured by a comprehensive set of questionnaires that covered SPD features and cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial functions. Latent class growth analysis was used to examine the trajectory classes. Three trajectory classes were identified: a low, a medium, and a high SPD features group. Participants in the low group reported few SPD features and their symptoms declined over time. The medium group students had more SPD features than the low group and these symptoms stabilized during the follow up period. Participants in the high group reported the most SPD features and their symptoms increased over time. The three groups differed in paranoid thoughts, psychological distress, neurocognition function, and emotional expression over time. Results of multivariate regression analysis suggested that paranoid thoughts, emotional experience and prospective memory were predictors of social functioning in the high SPD feature group. Our findings suggest that in iduals with SPD features may be delineated into different developmental subgroups and these subgroups differ significantly in psychosocial function. Delusions, emotion, and prospective memory may be important features to consider in early diagnosis and interventions for in iduals predisposed to SPD and schizophrenia.
Resonance: An interactive tabletop artwork for co-located group rehabilitation and play
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2015
Prospective memory in adults with traumatic brain injury: An analysis of perceived reasons for remembering and forgetting
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-04-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09602010600831004
Abstract: Reasons for prospective remembering and forgetting after traumatic brain injury (TBI) were investigated using Ellis' (1996) five phases of prospective memory as a framework. Participants were 38 in iduals with severe TBI and 34 controls. Participants self-rated their perceived reasons for prospective remembering and forgetting using section C of the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM). Significant others also rated participants using the same scale. Analyses were conducted to examine the effect of group membership (TBI or control) on reported reasons for prospective remembering and forgetting. Findings highlighted the TBI group's difficulties with encoding, performance interval, and execution phases of prospective remembering.
Effect of Cognitive Demand on Prospective Memory in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1375/BRIM.4.2.135.27024
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cognitive demand on prospective-memory in in iduals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using a dual-task paradigm. Fourteen in iduals with severe TBI and 14 matched controls were required to undertake two tasks. A lexical-decision task was used as an ongoing task and had two levels of cognitive demand (viz., low and high). The event-based prospective-memory task involved performing a specific action whenever a target stimulus appeared during the ongoing task. The Letter-Number Sequencing Test, the Tower of London and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test were also administered to assess the relationship between prefrontal lobe functions and prospective memory. As hypothesised, participants in the TBI group performed more poorly than participants in the control group on the prospective-memory task in the high but not in the low demand condition. There were significant correlations between prospective-memory task performance and scores on the Letter-Number Sequencing Test and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test. These findings help to clarify the nature of prospective-memory impairment in in iduals with TBI and support the involvement of prefrontal processes in prospective remembering.
Concordance between the awareness questionnaire and self-awareness of Deficits interview for identifying impaired self-awareness in individuals with traumatic brain injury in the community
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2019
Abstract: To investigate concordance between the Awareness Questionnaire (AQ) and Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview (SADI) for identifying impaired self-awareness in the community after traumatic brain injury. A retrospective file audit was conducted to retrieve data on the AQ and SADI for participants with traumatic brain injury involved in previous studies on community-based outcomes. Concordance between the AQ and SADI was examined using receiver operating characteristic curves for different scores on each measure. A total of 80 in iduals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (81% male, mean age 2.25 years, standard deviation (SD) 11.5 years) living in the community. Participants were administered the AQ and SADI and their significant other completed the AQ and SADI checklist. Consistency of classification of impaired self-awareness between the AQ and SADI was high (i.e. 80-84%) based on scores reflecting good sensitivity and specificity. Corresponding scores on the 2 measures and rates of impaired self-awareness were as follows: SADI > 3~AQ discrepancy > 4 (45-48% with impaired self-awareness) SADI > 4~AQ discrepancy > 9 (26-34% with impaired self-awareness) SADI > 5~AQ discrepancy >12 (13-26% with impaired self-awareness). The AQ and SADI yielded consistent information regarding the presence of impaired self-awareness in community-based in iduals with traumatic brain injury. The choice of measure may depend on how the tool is being used to guide rehabilitation planning.
Genetic basis of a cognitive complexity metric
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-04-2015
Association between Lifestyle Behaviours and Mental Health of Adolescents: Evidence from the Canadian HBSC Surveys, 2002–2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-06-2022
Abstract: Physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) are associated with mental health in adolescents, though little is known about their inter-relationships. This study examined the associations of PA and ST with psychosomatic complaints in adolescents. Data from four cycles of the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys, collected between 2002 and 2014, were analysed. Eight psychosomatic health complaints were assessed and dichotomised as frequent (≥2 complaints/week) vs. infrequent. PA was assessed by number of days/week participants were physically active for ≥60 min. Discretionary ST was assessed by adding three screen uses: television, electronic games, and computer. Of the 37,829 adolescents (age 13.74 (SD 1.51) years 52% girls), 25% boys and 39% girls reported frequent psychosomatic complaints. Multilevel logistic analyses showed that ST levels were positively associated while PA levels were negatively associated with reporting frequent psychosomatic complaints in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with ST ≤ 2 hrs/d, ST ≥ 4 hrs/d in girls and ST ≥ 6 hrs/d in boys showed higher odds of reporting psychosomatic complaints. Participating in PA ≥ 60 min every day compared to no PA showed lower odds of reporting psychosomatic complaints by 44% in girls and 57% in boys. Prospective research is needed to understand the causal pathway of these dose-dependent relationships.
Psychological test development: Recent contributions from Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Predictors of prospective memory in adults with traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617708080971
Abstract: Previous studies have established that prospective memory is commonly affected following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study examines whether demographic factors, injury severity and site, executive function, and metacognitive factors predict prospective memory performance in adults with TBI, using a cross-sectional multivariate correlational model. Prospective memory of 44 adults (mean age = 30 years) with severe TBI was measured by the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) time-based and event-based scores. Using stepwise multiple regression, the time-based score was predicted by the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) Animals subtest score, length of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) and use of note-taking on the CAMPROMPT. The event-based score was predicted by length of PTA and COWAT Animals score. Therefore, patients with longer periods of PTA and executive function impairment may be expected to display poorer prospective memory. Note-taking was associated with improved performance on time-based prospective memory tasks. ( JINS , 2008, 14 , 823–831.)
Social Functioning in Chinese College Students with and without Schizotypal Personality Traits: An Exploratory Study of the Chinese Version of the First Episode Social Functioning Scale
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-05-2013
A Cross-Cultural Study of Theory of Mind Using Strange Stories in School-Aged Children from Australia and Mainland China
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-09-2022
The Development of Prospective Memory in Typically Developing Children
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1037/A0022239
Abstract: This study aimed to use specifically designed tasks to capture time-based, activity-based, and event-based prospective memory (PM) performance in typically developing school-age children. Two PM tasks (Fishing Game & Happy Week) were used to examine the developmental patterns of PM in these children. Retrospective memory (RM) was also examined in these tasks. A total of 120 children aged between 7 and 12 years (10 girls and 10 boys in each age band) were recruited. Tests of working memory, inhibition, and IQ were also administered. The age effect on PM accuracy was significant, with improvements identified between ages 7 to 8 and 10 to 11 years. For both tasks, performance on the time-based PM task was significantly poorer than that on the event-based PM task, which in turn was significantly poorer than that on the activity-based PM task. In terms of errors, results indicated that while errors associated with the PM component of the tasks decreased with age, errors associated with the RM component showed an inverted-U shape. The different patterns of errors suggest qualitative as well as quantitative differences in PM development in children. Finally, IQ, working memory, and inhibition were found to relate to PM when age was partialed out. Results of the study highlight the importance of contextual cues, such as activities and events, for prospective remembering in children. In addition, they have provided a general picture of PM development in school-age children and have implications for educators and parents.
Forming implementation intentions improves prospective memory in early psychosis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2015.05.101
Abstract: The study examined whether in iduals with early psychosis are impaired in prospective memory (PM), that is, remembering to execute a planned intention in the future, and whether implementation intentions can improve their PM performance. Thirty participants with early psychosis and 33 healthy controls were randomly allocated to either an implementation intentions or control condition and completed a computerised event-based PM task. Participants were also administered two standardised tests of PM and an abbreviated IQ test. Results demonstrated that in iduals with early psychosis showed PM deficits relative to healthy controls on the computerised PM task and on some standardised measures of PM. The PM performance of the early psychosis group benefited from forming implementation intentions. Implementation intentions was concluded to be an effective strategy for improving PM performance in in iduals with early psychosis.
Immediate versus delayed exercise in men initiating androgen deprivation: effects on bone density and soft tissue composition
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/BJU.14505
Evaluation of a newly developed measure of theory of mind: The virtual assessment of mentalising ability
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-06-2017
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1052820
Abstract: This study examined the reliability and validity of the Virtual Assessment of Mentalising Ability (VAMA). The VAMA consists of 12 video clips depicting a social drama imposed within an interactive virtual environment with questions assessing the mental states of virtual friends. Response options capture the continuum of ability (i.e., impaired, reduced, accurate, and hypermentalising) within first- and second-order cognitive and affective theory of mind (ToM). Sixty-two healthy participants were administered the VAMA, three other ToM measures, and additional measures of neurocognitive abilities and social functioning. The VAMA had sound internal consistency and high test-retest reliability. Significant correlations between performance on the VAMA and other ToM measures provided preliminary evidence of convergent validity. Small to moderate correlations were observed between performance on the VAMA and neurocognitive tasks. Further, the VAMA was found to correlate significantly with indices of social functioning and was rated as more immersive, more reflective of everyday ToM processes, and was afforded a higher recommendation than an existing computer-based ToM task. These results provide potential evidence that the VAMA is an ecologically valid tool that is sensitive to the spread of ability that can occur in ToM subprocesses and may be a valuable addition to existing ToM measures. Future research should explore the validity and utility of the VAMA in larger, more erse s les of healthy adult and clinical populations.
Executive function moderates the relationship between temperament and psychological difficulties in middle childhood
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-02-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.2023121
Abstract: The current study examined the possible moderating influence of hot and cool executive function (EF) on the relationship between temperament and psychological difficulties in middle childhood. One hundred and twenty-six children and their parents (
Prospective memory and its correlates and predictors in schizophrenia: An extension of previous findings
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACN.2008.06.005
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to do something in the future without explicit prompts. Extending the number of subjects and the scope of our previously published study, this investigation examined the relationship between PM and socio-demographic and clinical factors, activities of daily living (ADL) and frontal lobe functions in patients with chronic schizophrenia. One hundred and ten Chinese schizophrenia patients, 60 from the previous study and 50 additional patients recruited for this study, and 110 matched healthy comparison subjects (HC) formed the study s le. Patients' clinical condition and activity of daily living were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Functional Needs Assessment (FNA). Time- and event-based PM tasks and three tests of prefrontal lobe functions (Design Fluency Test [DFT], Tower of London [TOL], Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]) were also administered. Patients' level of ADL and psychopathology were not associated with PM functions and only anticholinergic medications (ACM) showed a significant negative correlational relationship with PM tasks. Confirming the findings of the previous study, patients performed significantly more poorly on all two PM tasks than HC. Performance on time-based PM task significantly correlated with age, education level and DFT in HC and with age, DFT, TOL and WCST in patients. Patients' performance on the event-based PM correlated with DFT and one measure of WCST. In patients, TOL and age predicted the performance on time-based PM task DFT and WCST predicted the event-based task. Involving a large s le of patients with matched controls, this study confirmed that PM is impaired in chronic schizophrenia. Deficient PM functions were related to prefrontal lobe dysfunction in both HC and patients but not to the patients' clinical condition, nor did they significantly affect ADL. ACMs determined certain aspects of PM.
Health Care Workers' Experiences of Aggression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APNU.2017.06.011
Abstract: To identify the prevalence of patient aggression against health care workers, the consequences and coping mechanisms. Retrospective cross-sectional design. 50 participants comprised 37 nurses, 1 ward staff, 12 allied health staff employed in two brain injury wards with experience ranging from 3months to 34years. Neurosciences and Brain Injury Rehabilitation wards of a metropolitan tertiary hospital in Brisbane. Researcher designed self-report questionnaire. 98% of respondents had experienced aggression during their health care careers with an average of 143.93 events. Physical injuries had been sustained by 40% of staff, psychological injury by 82%, but only 12% sought treatment. Verbal aggression related to receiving a psychological injury (r=0.305, p<0.05). Experiencing one type of aggression made it more likely the person would also experience the other types of aggression. Verbal aggression was correlated with physical aggression (r=0.429, p<0.01) and non-verbal aggression (r=0.286, p<0.05), and physical aggression was correlated with non-verbal aggression (r=0.333, p<0.05). The majority of staff used informal debriefing with others as their main coping strategy which was considered effective. Patient aggression is prevalent and of serious concern for staff working in hospital settings.
The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Self-Identity A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Self-Concept Changes
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2016
Neural correlates of deductive reasoning: An ERP study with the Wason Selection Task
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2015.07.004
Abstract: The Wason Selection Task (WST) is a well-known test of reasoning in which one turns over cards to test a rule about the two faces. Modifications were made to the WST to enable more direct and analytical investigation of reasoning processes. The modifications included extensive training to reduce variations in task interpretation, isolation of working memory in the decision phase, a separate rule for each card and variations in the form of the rule (number-letter as well as letter-number), separate scoring for each card, and inclusion of control cards that could be recognized by features without relational processing. The cognitive complexity of each card was also analyzed to enable investigation of this factor. Behavioral and event-related potential data were recorded. Negative cards differed from positive cards and control cards were differentiated from cards involved in inferences. The N2 component differentiated the negative conditions (not-P, not-Q cards) from the positive conditions (P, Q cards). The P3 component was largest for control and P cards (the simpler conditions). The late slow wave tended to show more sustained processing of not-P, not-Q and Q cards and was little influenced by the simpler control and P cards. Effects were interpreted in terms of cognitive complexity. In particular, the negative conditions had a larger N2 response than the positive conditions, reflecting greater cognitive complexity of the former and their sustained processing.
Economic Freedom, Climate Culpability, and Physical Activity Indicators Among Children and Adolescents: Report Card Grades From the Global Matrix 4.0
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 11-2022
Abstract: Background : Macrolevel factors such as economic and climate factors can be associated with physical activity indicators. This study explored patterns and relationships between economic freedom, climate culpability, and Report Card grades on physical activity-related indicators among 57 countries/jurisdictions participating in the Global Matrix 4.0. Methods : Participating countries/jurisdictions provided Report Card grades on 10 common indicators. Information on economic freedom and climatic factors were gathered from public data sources. Correlations between the key variables were provided by income groups (ie, low- and middle-income countries/jurisdictions and high-income countries/jurisdictions [HIC]). Results : HIC were more economically neoliberal and more responsible for climate change than low- and middle-income countries. Annual temperature and precipitation were negatively correlated with behavioral/in idual indicators in low- and middle-income countries but not in HIC. In HIC, correlations between climate culpability and behavioral/in idual and economic indicators were more apparent. Overall, poorer grades were observed in highly culpable countries/jurisdictions in the highly free group, while in less/moderately free groups, less culpable countries/jurisdictions showed poorer grades than their counterparts in their respective group by economic freedom. Conclusions : Global-level physical activity promotion strategies should closely evaluate different areas that need interventions tailored by income groups, with careful considerations for inequities in the global political economy and climate change.
Extending the utility of the Depression Anxiety Stress scale by examining its psychometric properties in Chinese settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2012.06.041
Abstract: The Depression Anxiety Stress scale (DASS) is a widely used instrument for assessing mental health status, but the construct validity of the Chinese version of the test has not been demonstrated. The current study recruited three independent s les of Chinese participants to examine its reliability, factor structure, and utility in differentiating groups expected to show high and low scores on the scales. The first s le comprised 605 undergraduate student volunteers from Beijing, the second s le comprised 138 residents from the Sichuan Province who had experienced the 2008 earthquake there, and the third s le comprised 86 Beijing residents. Cronbach's alpha values in excess of 0.80 were found for all s les and all scales. Confirmatory factor analysis with the student s le supported a three-factor latent structure for the DASS (depression, anxiety, and stress). Substantially higher scores on all scales were found for the Sichuan earthquake s le compared with the Beijing resident's s le. Implications of these findings for the assessment of mental status using the DASS in China are discussed.
Understanding, assessing and treating prospective memory: Some recent advances
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1375/BRIM.10.1.1
Verbal learning and memory following stroke
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.888758
Abstract: The research examined whether verbal learning and memory impairment previously observed 1 year after left hemisphere stroke endures over a longer period and whether stroke sufferers compensate for their impairments using working memory. Twenty-one persons with left hemisphere lesions 20 with right hemisphere lesions only and 41 matched controls completed the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), a working memory test (Letter-Number Sequencing, LNS) and the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Persons with left hemisphere damage performed more poorly on HVLT-R than controls. They showed poorer immediate recall, delayed recall, recognition and learning, but intact retention, suggesting an encoding impairment. BNT and LNS scores predicted recall in this group. HVLT-R performance of persons with right hemisphere lesions only was comparable to controls. BNT (not LNS) predicted recall in these groups. Persons with left hemisphere damage relied more on working memory and recruited erse left hemisphere regions to compensate for their impaired encoding. Tasks requiring verbal encoding and memory are effortful following left hemisphere stroke. This should be recognized and accommodated.
Relations between Executive Functions, Theory of Mind, and Functional Outcomes in Middle Childhood
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-10-2021
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2021.1988086
Abstract: This study examined whether hot and cool executive functions (EFs) differentially predicted functional outcomes and the independent and mediating roles of theory of mind (ToM). 126 children completed tests of hot and cool EF, ToM, intelligence, and academic achievement. Parents completed questionnaires of peer problems and prosocial behavior. Hot and cool EFs differentially predicted intelligence and academic achievement, supporting a hot-cool distinction. ToM predicted word reading and prosocial behavior but did not mediate any associations between EF and functional outcomes. Findings contribute to current understandings of EF and its relationship with functional outcomes in middle childhood.
Prospective Memory After Stroke: A Scoping Review – CORRIGENDUM
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2018
Effects of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Adolescents’ Mental Health: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2023
Abstract: Background : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based multicomponent physical activity intervention on mental health of adolescents. Methods : A clustered, randomized, controlled trial was employed in 8 high schools in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group 40 students in grades 8 and 9 from each school took part in the trial (n = 160/group). Students in the intervention schools participated in a 12-week physical activity intervention with multiple components (eg, supervised circuits, lunchtime sports, health education, infographics), while control schools received no intervention. Participants completed baseline and postintervention surveys measuring depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder), along with other sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate the intervention effects. Results : Depressive symptoms in the intervention group decreased at postintervention, but remained stable in the control group. There was an increase in life satisfaction in the intervention group and a decrease in the control group. Multivariable modeling showed that students in the intervention group had a significantly lower level of depressive symptoms ( β = −4.60 95% confidence interval, −5.76 to −3.46) and higher level of life satisfaction ( β = 1.43 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 2.10) compared with their counterparts in the control group. Sensitivity analyses supported the positive effects of the intervention. Conclusions : Our school-based, multicomponent physical activity intervention is effective in improving mental health indicators in adolescents. Future trials should be r ed up to include schools in rural and regional settings, using robust measures of mental well-being.
Development of the Brief Assessment of Prospective Memory (BAPM) for use with traumatic brain injury populations
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2011.627270
Abstract: Impairment of prospective memory (PM) is a common problem following traumatic brain injury (TBI) which can affect functional outcomes. PM failures in everyday life can be assessed using self-report questionnaires however, existing measures tend to be lengthy, which may be problematic for in iduals with fatigue and other cognitive impairments. This study aimed to develop a short form of the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM) and examine its psychometric properties. Using theoretical and statistical considerations, the number of items on the CAPM was reduced to 16 including equal numbers representing the basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) subscales. The psychometric properties of the new measure, named the Brief Assessment of Prospective Memory (BAPM), were examined by secondary analysis of data from two s les of community dwelling adults (aged 17 to 91 years, n = 527, and 15 to 60 years, n = 95) with no history of brain injury, and a s le of rehabilitation patients with moderate to severe TBI (n = 45). Results indicate that the BAPM has a robust factor structure, strong agreement with the original CAPM, acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and evidence of criterion-related validity with psychosocial integration as the point of reference for people with TBI.
Mind and heart: Heart rate variability in major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease - A review and recommendations
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-04-2012
Abstract: There is a reciprocal association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). These conditions are linked by a causal network of mechanisms. This causal network should be quantitatively studied and it is hypothesised that the investigation of vagal function represents a promising starting point. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to investigate cardiac vagal control in the context of MDD and CHD. This review aims to examine the relationship of HRV to both MDD and CHD in the context of vagal function and to make recommendations for clinical practice and research. The search terms ‘heart rate variability’, ‘depression’ and ‘heart disease’ were entered into an electronic multiple database search engine. Abstracts were screened for their relevance and articles were in idually selected and collated. Decreased HRV is found in both MDD and CHD. Both diseases are theorised to disrupt autonomic control feedback loops on the heart and are linked to vagal function. Existing theories link vagal function to both mood and emotion as well as cardiac function. However, several factors can potentially confound HRV measures and would thus impact on a complete understanding of vagal mechanisms in the link between MDD and CHD. The quantitative investigation of vagal function using HRV represents a reasonable starting point in the study of the relationship between MDD and CHD. Many psychotropic and cardiac medications have effects on HRV, which may have clinical importance. Future studies of HRV in MDD and CHD should consider antidepressant medication, as well as anxiety, as potential confounders.
Functional impairments and caregiver depressive symptoms in the context of brain tumour and other cancers: A mediating effect of strain
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2009
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the associations among functional impairments, strain and depressive symptoms for caregivers of in iduals with brain tumour and other cancers. Sixty-three caregivers (71% female) of in iduals with brain tumour ( n = 27) and other cancers ( n = 36) were recruited from community services. Participants rated their level of depressive symptoms and strain and the functional impairments of the in idual with cancer. Overall, approximately 25% of the total caregiver s le was in the clinical range for depressive symptoms. For caregivers of in iduals with brain tumour, strain was significantly related to depressive symptoms ( r = .57) and the in idual's functional impairments ( r = –.58) however, level of depressive symptoms was not significantly related to functional impairments ( p .05). For caregivers of in iduals with other cancer, level of depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with strain ( r = .50) and their relatives' degree of cognitive, interpersonal and emotional difficulties ( r = –.36–.46), but not with activities of daily living ( p .05). In a multivariate analysis involving all the caregivers, strain predicted depressive symptoms ( R 2 = .32, p .001) after controlling for gender and cancer type. In addition, strain was found to significantly mediate the effects of the interpersonal and emotional difficulties of in iduals with cancer on caregiver depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings highlight the need to develop and evaluate strategies for alleviating the role strain associated with supporting in iduals with cancer.
Effects of perceptual and semantic cues on ERP modulations associated with prospective memory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2015.07.012
Abstract: Prospective memory involves the formation and execution of intended actions and is essential for autonomous living. In this study (N=32), the effect of the nature of PM cues (semantic versus perceptual) on established event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited in PM tasks (N300 and prospective positivity) was investigated. PM cues defined by their perceptual features clearly elicited the N300 and prospective positivity whereas PM cues defined by semantic relatedness elicited prospective positivity. This calls into question the view that the N300 is a marker of general processes underlying detection of PM cues, but supports existing research showing that prospective positivity represents general post-retrieval processes that follow detection of PM cues. Continued refinement of ERP paradigms for understanding the neural correlates of PM is needed.
Use of a Robotic Seal as a Therapeutic Tool to Improve Dementia Symptoms: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2017.03.018
Abstract: To test the effects of in idual, nonfacilitated sessions with PARO (version 9), when compared against a look-alike plush toy and usual care, on the emotional and behavioral symptoms of dementia for people living in long-term care facilities. Parallel, 3-group, cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted between June 14, 2014, and May 16, 2015. Twenty-eight long-term care facilities operated by 20 care organizations located in South-East Queensland, Australia. Four hundred fifteen participants aged ≥60 years, with a documented diagnosis of dementia. Stratified by private/not-for-profit status and randomized using a computer-generated sequence, 9 facilities were randomized to the PARO group (in idual, nonfacilitated, 15-minute sessions 3 times per week for 10 weeks) 10 to plush toy (same, but given PARO with robotic features disabled) and 9 to usual care. Treatment allocation was masked to assessors. Primary outcomes were changes in levels of engagement, mood states, and agitation after a 10-week intervention, assessed by coded video observations (baseline, weeks 1, 5, 10, and 15) and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form (baseline, weeks 10 and 15). Analyses followed intention-to-treat, using repeated measures mixed effects models. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000508673). Video data showed that participants in the PARO group were more verbally [3.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.40-0.81, P = .011] and visually engaged (13.06, 95% CI: 17.05-9.06, P < .0001) than participants in plush toy. Both PARO (-3.09, 95% CI: -0.45 to -5.72, P = .022) and plush toy (-3.58, 95% CI: -1.26 to -5.91, P = .002) had significantly greater reduced neutral affect compared with usual care, whilst PARO was more effective than usual care in improving pleasure (1.12, 95% CI: 1.94-0.29, P = .008). Videos showed that PARO was more effective than usual care in improving agitation (3.33, 95% CI: 5.79-0.86, P = .008). When measured using the CMAI-SF, there was no difference between groups. Although more effective than usual care in improving mood states and agitation, PARO was only more effective than a plush toy in encouraging engagement.
Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACN.2007.08.010
Abstract: "Executive functions" is an umbrella term for functions such as planning, working memory, inhibition, mental flexibility, as well as the initiation and monitoring of action. The impairment of executive functions in various clinical groups is a topic of much debate, as are recent attempts to formulate the corresponding intervention and rehabilitation regimes of these dysfunctions. This article reviewed current theories of executive functions and their associated assessment instruments. In addition, it identified issues that are imperative for more accurate, sensitive, and specific assessment of various components of this construct. It is concluded that more research is needed to fractionate the executive system by assessing a wide range of functions and to verify their neuroanatomical correlates. Recently developed measurement models and technology may also facilitate a more ecologically and ethologically valid assessment for the specific needs of different in iduals.
Prospective Memory Performance in Persons With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Persons
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 04-07-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PPC.12172
Abstract: There is a paucity of studies comparing prospective memory (PM) impairment between persons with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to directly compare PM performances of these two groups and healthy controls. A total of 44 persons with schizophrenia and 76 with bipolar disorder, and 44 healthy controls formed the study s le. Patients were found to be impaired in PM relative to controls and the two patient groups showed similar level of PM performance after controlling confounding sociodemographic and clinical variables. The findings add to the evidence concerning the neurocognitive similarity between cohorts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with respect to PM. Rehabilitative effort in PM remedies for both patient groups is warranted.
Making sense of brain tumour: A qualitative investigation of personal and social processes of adjustment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2010.537073
Abstract: This study investigated personal and social processes of adjustment at different stages of illness for in iduals with brain tumour. A purposive s le of 18 participants with mixed tumour types (9 benign and 9 malignant) and 15 family caregivers was recruited from a neurosurgical practice and a brain tumour support service. In-depth semi-structured interviews focused on participants' perceptions of their adjustment, including personal appraisals, coping and social support since their brain tumour diagnosis. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically using open, axial and selective coding techniques. The primary theme that emerged from the analysis entailed "key sense making appraisals", which was closely related to the following secondary themes: (1) Interactions with those in the healthcare system, (2) reactions and support from the personal support network, and (3) a ersity of coping efforts. Adjustment to brain tumour involved a series of appraisals about the illness that were influenced by interactions with those in the healthcare system, reactions and support from people in their support network, and personal coping efforts. Overall, the findings indicate that adjustment to brain tumour is highly in idualistic however, some common personal and social processes are evident in how people make sense of and adapt to the illness over time. A preliminary framework of adjustment based on the present findings and its clinical relevance are discussed. In particular, it is important for health professionals to seek to understand and support in iduals' sense-making processes following diagnosis of brain tumour.
Planning Following Stroke: A Relational Complexity Approach Using the Tower of London
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-12-2014
Validity of the comprehensive assessment of prospective memory (CAPM) for use with adults with traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1375/BRIM.10.1.34
Abstract: Objective: To expand upon the existing psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM) for use with adults with traumatic brain injury by examining concurrent and criterion validity. Method: Participants were 45 adults with a traumatic brain injury. Participants and their relatives completed Section A of the CAPM and a measure of psychosocial integration. Participants were also administered two neuropsychological tests of prospective memory, the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAM-PROMPT) and the Memory Intentions Screening Test (MIST). Concurrent validity was measured by comparing scores on the CAPM with scores on the CAM-PROMPT and MIST. Criterion validity was examined by correlating CAPM scores with level of psychosocial integration. Results: Participant self-reports on the CAPM were not significantly correlated with the CAM-PROMPT or MIST, but were significantly correlated with level of psychosocial integration. Relative reports on the CAPM were correlated significantly with total score on the MIST and CAM-PROMPT and level of psychological integration. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the concurrent validity of the self-report version of CAPM is low suggesting that self-reports alone do not provide an objective measure for assessing prospective memory function. The relative report version however, demonstrated reasonable concurrent and criterion validity, suggesting that the relative report version of the Section A of the CAPM is a useful means of evaluating frequency of prospective memory failure in adults with traumatic brain injury.
Domain-specific deficits in self-awareness and relationship to psychosocial outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-11-2020
A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2010
Trends and determinants of organised sports participation in immigrant and Australian children: A nine-year follow-up
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Long-term cognitive impairment and delirium in intensive care: A prospective cohort study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.AUCC.2017.07.002
Abstract: Whilst there is a growing body of research exploring the effect of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, the relationship between patient delirium and long-term cognitive impairment has not been investigated in settings where low rates of delirium have been reported. To assess the association between the incidence of delirium, duration of mechanical ventilation and long term cognitive impairment in general ICU patients. Prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary level ICU in Queensland, Australia. Adult medical and surgical ICU patients receiving ≥12h mechanical ventilation were assessed for delirium on at least one day. Cognitive impairment was assessed at three and/or six-months using the: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A and B and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Of 148 enrollees, 91 (61%) completed assessment at three and/or six months. Incidence of delirium was 19%, with 41% cognitively impaired at three months and 24% remaining impaired at six months. Delirium was associated with impaired cognition at six-months: mean TMT Part A scores (information processing speed) were 7.86s longer than those with no delirium (p=0.03), and mean TMT Part B scores (executive functioning) 24.0s longer (p=0.04). ICU delirium was positively associated with impaired information processing speed and executive functioning at six-months post-discharge for this cohort. Testing for cognitive impairment with RBANS and TMT should be considered due to its greater sensitivity in comparison to the MMSE.
Cognitive Deficits Underlying Error Behavior on a Naturalistic Task after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 14-10-2016
Mild to moderate dehydration combined with moderate alcohol consumption has no influence on simulated driving performance.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-05-2014
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2013.810335
Abstract: Many people consume alcoholic beverages following a period of physical activity that results in fluid loss through sweating (e.g., after sports, work). Adequate rehydration following physical activity may not occur, consequently resulting in the consumption of alcohol in a dehydrated state. This may have serious implications for the safety of in iduals operating motor vehicles. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of mild-moderate dehydration in combination with moderate alcohol consumption on simulated driving performance. Fourteen healthy males participated in a placebo-controlled crossover design study involving 4 experimental trials (separated by 4 days or more). In each trial, participants were dehydrated by ∼2 percent body mass through exercise. After a 30-min recovery, participants completed a 15-min computerized simulated driving task (drive 1). In 2 of the trials, participants were provided with water equivalent to either 50 or 150 percent body mass loss and also received salt capsules (NaCl, 50 mmol/L). A set volume of alcohol or placebo was then consumed in each trial, incorporating the conditions: dehydration-placebo (DP), dehydration-alcohol (DA), partial rehydration-alcohol (PA), and full rehydration-alcohol (FA). The volume of the alcoholic beverage was in idually calculated and intended to raise the blood alcohol content (BAC) to ∼0.05 percent. The same driving task was then readministered (drive 2). Primary outcome measures of driving consisted of standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP), number of side and center line crossings (LC), number of failures to stop at red traffic signals (FTS), number of impacts/collisions with other vehicles or objects (IMP), and time to collision with a specified lead vehicle (TTC). In addition, reaction time (RT) and incorrect inhibition response (IIR) behavior to critical events were collected throughout each experimental drive. Subjective ratings of mood and estimates of alcohol intoxication and driving impairment were also recorded in each trial. No effects of trial condition were observed on any of the driving performance measures or on subjective ratings of mood, alcohol intoxication, and driving impairment. SDLP was higher following the consumption of alcohol compared to the placebo trial. However, no differences in SDLP were recorded between the alcohol trials, indicating that hydration level had no observable interaction with alcohol to influence SDLP performance. Overall, it appears that dehydration does not exacerbate impairment in driving performance caused by mild-moderate alcohol intoxication. Further research is required to clarify the effects of alcohol and dehydration at various alcohol doses.
Responses to academic stress mediate the association between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2019.11.157
Abstract: Sleep difficulties are pervasive in Chinese adolescents, which exert aversive influence on their emotional health. However, the underlying mechanisms of this effect remain unclear. This study addressed whether stress responses mediate the concurrent and prospective relationship between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. 17,946 adolescents (14-18 years-old) were administrated the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Responses to Stress Questionnaire. Further, 710 of them finished the one-year follow-up assessments. Structural equation models were conducted to determine the concurrent and prospective mediation effects of stress responses and the moderated effect of gender and age. Involuntary engagement and disengagement responses, as well as engagement coping, significantly mediated the cross-sectional relationship between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms. Moreover, sleep difficulties at baseline predicted enhanced involuntary engagement responses but reduced the use of engagement coping strategies one year later, resulting in an elevated level of depressive/anxiety symptoms. Finally, females and younger adolescents with greater sleep difficulties were more likely to generate maladaptive stress responses. First, sleep difficulties were only measured using self-reported approaches. Second, potential confounding variables (e.g., socioeconomic status) were not adjusted for. Third, our study only focused on typically-developing youth s les rather than clinical s les. Our findings highlight the important role of stress responses in the relationship between sleep difficulties and depressive/anxiety symptoms. The findings might also shed some light on the psychological intervention of sleep difficulties and mood disorder in adolescent populations.
A virtual tabletop workspace for upper-limb rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A multiple case study evaluation
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2008
Objective measures of prospective memory do not correlate with subjective complaints in schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2008.02.019
Abstract: While a number of studies have shown that in iduals with schizophrenia are impaired on various types of prospective memory, few studies have examined the relationship between subjective and objective measures of this construct in this clinical group. The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between computer-based prospective memory tasks and the corresponding subjective complaints in patients with schizophrenia, in iduals with schizotypal personality features, and healthy volunteers. The findings showed that patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significantly poorer performance in all domains of memory function except visual memory than in iduals with schizotypal personality disorder and healthy controls. More importantly, there was a significant interaction effect of prospective memory type and group. Although patients with schizophrenia were found to show significantly poorer performance on computer-based measures of prospective memory than controls, their level of subjective complaint was not found to be significantly higher. While subjective complaints of prospective memory were found to associate significantly with self-reported executive dysfunctions, significant relationships were not found between these complaints and performance on a computer-based task of prospective memory and other objective measures of memory. Taken together, these findings suggest that subjective and objective measures of prospective memory are two distinct domains that might need to be assessed and addressed separately.
The Australian remote memory battery, 10 years on
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2012
Time-based but not event-based prospective memory remains impaired one year after the onset of schizophrenia: A prospective study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2015.09.015
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) deficits have been consistently found in people with schizophrenia. Although there is evidence to suggest that PM deficits may be putative markers for schizophrenia, no longitudinal study has investigated the persistence of PM deficits. We examined whether PM deficits persist after the onset of schizophrenia, and compared the trajectories of time- and event-based PM performance 12 months after illness onset. We also examined whether the association between PM and clinical symptoms changes over time 12 months after illness onset. We recruited 58 in iduals with first-episode schizophrenia for a 12-month follow-up study. Comparison participants were 37 healthy in iduals who were matched in terms of demographics and intelligence with the patient group. PM functions and clinical symptoms were measured at baseline, the sixth month, and the twelfth month, using a computerized PM task and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. People with schizophrenia showed a gradual improvement in both time- and event-based PM 12 months after illness onset. However, compared to event-based PM, deficit in time-based PM persisted and was relatively stable. At baseline, PM functions were not associated with clinical symptoms. However, an association between time-based PM and PANSS positive and general symptoms emerged 12 months after the onset of schizophrenia. People with first-episode schizophrenia exhibit persistent time-based PM deficit. Our findings support that PM deficit, in particular, time-based deficit, may be a putative neuropsychological marker of schizophrenia.
Relationship between prospective memory and vigilance: Evidence from ERP
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2012
Analysis and prediction of the freezing of gait using EEG brain dynamics
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2015
Meta-analysis of prospective memory in schizophrenia: Nature, extent, and correlates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2009.07.009
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out an intended action in the future and it is an important function for everyday living. Studies have found that the neural basis of PM is located mainly in the prefrontal lobes (particularly in Brodmann Area 10) and patients with schizophrenia have functional deficits in this area. The present study provided a meta-analytic review of PM performances in patients with schizophrenia in 11 studies. A total of 485 patients with schizophrenia and 409 controls were included. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited impairments in all time- (d=-1.33), event- (d=-0.827), and activity-based (d=-0.729) PM, with time-based PM more impaired than event-based PM. In addition, PM was found to be significantly correlated with negative symptoms (r=-0.18), general psychopathology (r=-0.168), medication dosage (r=-0.119), duration of illness (r=-0.131), age (r=-0.23), education (r=0.249), IQ (r=0.439) and premorbid IQ (r=0.356). It has theoretical and clinical implications. Theoretically, the results indicate time-based PM involves more initiation than event-based PM. Clinically, the results indicate patients on high dose of antipsychotic medication and with long duration of illness need special attention from care givers for PM problems.
Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-02-2017
Prospective memory and pediatric traumatic brain injury: Effects of cognitive demand
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-04-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09297040600910003
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on prospective memory. Fourteen children and 14 adolescents with TBI were compared with 25 and 23 noninjured children and adolescents, respectively. Based on a prefrontal model, the cognitive demand on the ongoing component of a prospective-memory task was manipulated. Overall, those with TBI had poorer prospective-memory performance than their noninjured peers. Performance was worse in a high cognitive-demand condition than a low, and younger children performed worse than adolescents. Decreases in performance from the low- to high-demand conditions were not significantly different between the two children's groups but were between the two adolescents' groups. Furthermore, the age and injury effects were reflected in the performances on executive function tests: the Self-ordered Pointing Task (SOPT), and the Stroop Color Word Interference Test. The Tower of London (TOL), which did not produce age or injury effects, was nevertheless found to be an important predictor of performance on the high-demand task in those with TBI. Although previous research has demonstrated impaired prospective memory performance in children with TBI, this study attempted to explain why this might occur, specifically that the prefrontal regions might be implicated.
Attentional problems in children born very preterm or with extremely low birth weight at 7-9 years
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACN.2007.08.006
Abstract: Behavioral rating scales and tests of attention were used to study attentional problems in children born very preterm (< or =27 weeks gestation) or with extremely low birth weight (ELBW < or =1000 g). Psychological tests of attention (viz., Digits and Spatial Span Forward, Visual Attention from the NEPSY, Trail Making Test B, and Stroop Color and Word Test) were administered to 45 children born very preterm/ELBW and 49 full-term controls, aged 7-9 years of age. Behavioral ratings on an ADHD scale were provided by parents and teachers on inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Children born very preterm/ELBW were found to perform significantly more poorly on Spatial Span Forward, Visual Attention, and Trail Making B than controls. Group differences were also found on parents' ratings on inattentive and total symptoms. Finally, measures of psychological tests of attention were found to be significant predictors of parents' and teachers' ratings of symptoms.
Prospective memory deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients: A preliminary study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-12-2012
DOI: 10.1111/APPY.12019
Abstract: Prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. To date, little is known about prospective memory deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) in remission (euthymia). This study examined the nature and correlates of prospective memory in these patients. Forty-seven euthymic BD patients and 47 matched healthy controls formed the study s le. Socio-demographic and basic clinical characteristics, prospective memory (Cambridge Prospective Memory Test [CAMPROMPT]), retrospective memory (immediate Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised [WMS-R]), IQ (Raven's Progressive Matrices) and executive functioning (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) were measured in all participants patients' symptoms were rated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the 11-item Young Mania Rating Scale. Patients performed significantly worse on time-based prospective memory compared to controls. Multivariate analyses revealed that patients' lower score on Raven's Progressive Matrices significantly contributed to poor performance on time-based prospective memory, whereas lower scores on WMS-R Logical Memory subtest contributed to poor performance on event-based prospective memory in controls, lower education level and older age significantly contributed to poor performance on time-based and event-based prospective memory, respectively. Prospective memory deficits persist in remitted BD patients suggesting that prospective memory impairment constitutes a trait deficit in BD.
Prospective memory in patients with closed head injury: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA.2011.02.006
Abstract: This paper aimed to review the limited, but growing literature on prospective memory (PM) following closed head injury (CHI). Search of two commonly used databases yielded studies that could be classified as: self- or other-report of PM deficits behavioral PM measures in adults with CHI, behavioral PM measures in children and adolescents with CHI, and treatment of PM in adults with CHI. The methodology and findings of these studies were critically reviewed and discussed. Because of the small number of studies, meta-analysis was only conducted for studies that used behavioral PM measures in adults to integrate findings. PM deficits were found to be commonly reported by patients with CHI and their significant others and they could be identified using behavioral measures in adults, children and adolescents with CHI. However, more work is needed to clarify the nature and mechanisms of these deficits. Although some promising results have been reported by studies that evaluated PM treatment, most studies lack tight experimental control and used only a small number of participants. The paper concluded with some suggestions for future research.
Effectiveness of Sensory Modulation in Treating Sensory Modulation Disorders in Adults with Schizophrenia: a Systematic Literature Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2018
Executive function in 7-9-year-old children born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight: Effects of biomedical history, age at assessment, and socioeconomic status
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-08-2011
Abstract: Forty-five children born extremely preterm and/or with extremely low birth weight (ELBW), who were of average intelligence, were assessed at age 7-9 on a raft of measures of executive function (EF) designed to assess inhibition, set shifting, planning, fluency, and working memory. Relative to 45 full-term controls, the preterm/ELBW children showed reliable impairments of inhibition, fluency, and working memory. Among the 7-year olds, the preterm/ELBW group also showed significantly worse set shifting. After controlling for age and family socioeconomic status (SES), within-group analyses of the preterm/ELBW data revealed that higher birth weights were associated with better inhibition, whereas lower neurobiological risk (gauged by such aspects of neonatal medical history as a number of days on oxygen) was associated with better planning. Moreover, there were interactions between neurobiological risk and SES on the measures of inhibition, fluency, and working memory, indicating that the adverse effects of risk were greater among children from low-income households. These findings demonstrate that neonatal medical problems are associated with considerable variability in EF among normally developing preterm/ELBW children and implicate an important influence of the family environment on the maturation of EF.
Complexity in relational processing predicts changes in functional brain network dynamics
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-04-2014
Abstract: The ability to link variables is critical to many high-order cognitive functions, including reasoning. It has been proposed that limits in relating variables depend critically on relational complexity, defined formally as the number of variables to be related in solving a problem. In humans, the prefrontal cortex is known to be important for reasoning, but recent studies have suggested that such processes are likely to involve widespread functional brain networks. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a classic measure of deductive reasoning to examine changes in brain networks as a function of relational complexity. As expected, behavioral performance declined as the number of variables to be related increased. Likewise, increments in relational complexity were associated with proportional enhancements in brain activity and task-based connectivity within and between 2 cognitive control networks: A cingulo-opercular network for maintaining task set, and a fronto-parietal network for implementing trial-by-trial control. Changes in effective connectivity as a function of increased relational complexity suggested a key role for the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in integrating and implementing task set in a trial-by-trial manner. Our findings show that limits in relational processing are manifested in the brain as complexity-dependent modulations of large-scale networks.
Implicit and Explicit Memory in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1999
DOI: 10.1076/JCEN.21.2.149.929
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether implicit memory is preserved in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A fragmented picture-completion procedure (Snodgrass, Smith, Feenan, & Corwin, 1987) was used to compare implicit and explicit memory of 12 children with severe long-term TBI and 12 controls, matched for age and gender. On the implicit memory task, both the TBI and control groups were found to show significant priming. In addition, the extent of priming for the two groups was not found to be different. On the explicit memory task, however, the TBI group was found to perform significantly more poorly than the control group. These results are consistent with those reported in the adult TBI literature and have implications for understanding and rehabilitating memory impairments in children with TBI.
Preventing depression in aphasia: a cluster randomised control trial of the Aphasia Action Success Knowledge (ASK) program
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-05-2019
DOI: 10.1177/17474930231176718
Abstract: Stroke patients with aphasia and their caregivers have higher incidence of depression than those without aphasia. The objective of the study is to determine whether a tailored intervention program (Action Success Knowledge ASK) led to better mood and quality of life (QoL) outcomes than an attention control with a 12-month end point at cluster and in idual participant level. A multi-site, pragmatic, two-level single-blind cluster randomized controlled trial compared ASK to an attention control (secondary stroke prevention program). Ten metropolitan and 10 non-metropolitan health regions were randomized. People with aphasia and their family members were recruited within 6 months post-stroke who scored ⩽12 on the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire Hospital Version–10 at screening. Each arm received manualized intervention over 6–8 weeks followed by monthly telephone calls. Blinded assessments of QoL and depression were taken at 12 months post-onset. Twenty clusters (health regions) were randomized. Trained speech pathologists screened 1744 people with aphasia and 373 participants consented to intervention (n = 231 people with aphasia and 142 family members). The attrition rate after consent was 26% with 86 and 85 participants with aphasia in the ASK arm and attention control arm, respectively, receiving intervention. Of those 171 who did receive treatment, only 41 met the prescribed minimum dose. Multilevel mixed effects modeling under the intention-to-treat protocol showed a significant difference on the Stroke and Aphasia Depression Questionnaire–21 (SADQ-21, N = 122, 17 clusters) in favor of the attention control (β = –2.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –4.76 to –0.73, p = 0.008). In idual data analysis using a minimal detectable change score for the SADQ-21 showed the difference was not meaningful. ASK showed no benefit over attention control in improving mood and preventing depression in people with aphasia or their family members.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders show reduced specificity and less positive events in mental time travel
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-07-2016
Measuring domain-specific deficits in self-awareness in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury: Component analysis of the Paediatric Awareness Questionnaire
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-05-2022
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.1926290
Abstract: Self-awareness has been found to vary across different functional domains for adults with acquired brain injury (ABI) however, domain-specific self-awareness is yet to be investigated following paediatric ABI. This study aimed to validate the Paediatric Awareness Questionnaire (PAQ) as a multi-domain measure of self-awareness and to investigate domain-specific self-awareness in children with ABI. One hundred and ninety-seven children and adolescents (8-16 years,
The effects of multimodal exercise on cognitive and physical functioning and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in older women: A randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 24-11-2014
Network structure of anticipatory pleasure and risk features: Evidence from a large college sample.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-12-2020
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.331
Abstract: Investigating the relationship between anticipatory pleasure deficits and risk features of mental disorders not only theoretically benefits the understanding of anhedonia, but could also facilitate early detection and intervention of mental disorders. Using network analysis, the present study examined the pattern of relationship between anticipatory pleasure and risk features of schizophrenia spectrum, depressive, anxiety, autism spectrum, and obsessive-compulsive disorders in a large s le of college students (n = 2152). It was found that interpersonal features of schizotypal personality traits and poor social skills of autistic traits showed strong correlation with low social anticipatory pleasure. Depressive symptoms severity was weakly associated with reduced abstract anticipatory pleasure, while obsessive-compulsive traits were weakly associated with high contextual anticipatory pleasure. No significant correlation was found between anxiety symptoms severity and anticipatory pleasure. Social anticipatory pleasure had the highest strength centrality among all anticipatory pleasure components, while interpersonal features of schizotypal personality traits had the highest strength centrality in the whole network. Our findings suggest that impaired anticipatory pleasure, especially social anticipatory pleasure, is a particular feature of schizotypal personality traits and autistic traits. Our findings may have implications for intervention in that the social component may be a target to improve anhedonia in in iduals with schizotypal and autistic traits, while interpersonal features may be a key treatment target given that it was central to the relationship between anticipatory pleasure and risk features.
The general facilitation effect of implementation intentions on prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-09-2018
DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1528143
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to execute a planned intention in the future. It can be ided into event- and time-based, according to the nature of the PM cue. Event-based PM cues can be classified as focal or non-focal. Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have been found to be impaired in both event- and time-based PM. PM has been found to be improved by implementation intentions, which is an encoding strategy in the format of "if X then Y". This study examined the effect of implementation intentions on a non-focal event-based and a time-based PM task in patients with SCZ. Forty-two patients with SCZ and 42 healthy controls were allocated to either an implementation intention or a control PM instruction condition and were asked to complete two PM tasks. Implementation intentions was found to improve performance in both the non-focal event-based and time-based PM tasks in patients with SCZ and healthy controls, with no costs to the ongoing task. The improvement in time-based PM performance in the implementation intentions condition was partially mediated by the frequency of clock checking behaviour. Implementation intentions can facilitate PM performance in patients with SCZ and has the potential to be used as a clinical intervention tool.
Applying a biopsychosocial perspective to investigate factors related to emotional adjustment and quality of life for individuals with brain tumour
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2010
Abstract: Objective: This exploratory study applied a biopsychosocial perspective to investigate cognitive and psychosocial factors related to emotional adjustment and QoL after brain tumour. Methods: Participants included 30 adults with a brain tumour (60% benign and 40% malignant) who were aged 28 to 71 years ( M = 51.5, SD = 12.3) and on average 5.4 years post-diagnosis ( SD = 5.6 years). Participants completed a brief battery of cognitive tests and self-report measures of emotional status (Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale), subjective impairment (Patient Competency Rating Scale), coping (COPE), social support (Brief Social Support Questionnaire), and QoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy — Brain Tumour [FACT-Br]). Results: QoL was significantly associated with global cognitive ability ( r = .49, p .01), subjective impairment ( r = .66, p .01), and satisfaction with support ( r = .50, p .05). Level of depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with premorbid IQ ( r = -.49, p .01), use of planning to cope ( r = -.48, p .01), and satisfaction with support ( r = -.47, p .01). Conclusions: Overall, these exploratory findings indicate that emotional adjustment and QoL after brain tumour is related to a slightly different pattern of neuropsychological, psychological (self-perceptions and coping) and social factors. The clinical implications for interventions with in iduals with brain tumour are discussed.
A four-disc version of the Tower of London for clinical use
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JNP.12060
Abstract: Three studies are reported on the development of a four-disc version of the Tower of London test of planning ability. The first (n = 138) involved the selection of items based on rational and empirical criteria to provide a short test of graded difficulty suitable for use with children and clinical populations. The second study (n = 480) checked the properties of the 10-item test on a new s le and in addition examined the internal consistency and factor structure of the test. The third study (n = 61) examined the test-retest reliability of the test over a period of 1 month. The difficulty level of the test remained relatively stable from s le to s le and was sensitive to linear trend in performance from age 5 years up to 30 years. Total score did not reflect the action of a single underlying construct but rather appeared to index a number of factors. Scores were reasonably stable over the 1-month period studied, at least for the children's s le employed. The four-disc version is a promising method of assessing planning in children and adolescents in clinical situations.
Reliability and validity of The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT): A clinical test of social perception
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1080/09638280600646185
Abstract: The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) is an audiovisual tool designed for the clinical assessment of social perception with alternate forms for re-testing. Part 1 assesses emotion recognition, Parts 2 and 3 assess the ability to interpret conversational remarks meant literally (i.e., sincere remarks and lies) or non-literally (i.e., sarcasm) as well as the ability to make judgments about the thoughts, intentions and feelings of speakers. This paper aims to examine TASIT's reliability and validity. Some 32 adults with severe, chronic brain injuries were administered Form A twice, one week apart. 38 adults with brain injuries were readministered alternate forms over a period of 5 - 26 weeks. Construct validity was examined in subsets of a s le of 116 adults with brain injuries by relating TASIT performance to standard tests of neuropsychological function and specific social perception measures. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.74 - 0.88. Alternate forms reliability ranged from 0.62 - 0.83. TASIT performance was associated with face perception, information processing speed and working memory. Socially relevant new learning and executive tasks were significantly associated with TASIT performance whereas non-social tasks showed little association. Social perception tasks such as Ekman photos and theory of mind stories were also associated. TASIT has adequate psychometric properties as a clinical test of social perception. It is not overly prone to practice effects and is reliable for repeat administrations. Performance on TASIT is affected by information processing speed, working memory, new learning and executive functioning, but the uniquely social material that comprises the stimuli for TASIT will provide useful insights into the particular difficulties people with clinical conditions experience when interpreting complex social phenomena.
Cognitive-communication disorder following right hemisphere stroke: exploring rehabilitation access and outcomes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-02-2017
DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1289622
Abstract: Rehabilitation positively influences return to activities and social roles in people with aphasia. The cognitive-communication disorder (CCD) found following a right hemisphere stroke has been less extensively researched with rehabilitation access and outcomes yet to be determined. To document rehabilitation access and outcomes for people with CCD post-stroke and compare outcomes based on presence (viz CCD aphasia) or absence of communication impairment. A retrospective chart audit was completed for patients with first onset unilateral stroke, with a hospital length of stay (LOS) of at least two days and a communication assessment by a speech pathologist. Data extracted included presence and severity of communication impairment, access to and LOS in a rehabilitation unit, and functional outcome measures recorded at rehabilitation discharge. The majority of the 115 patients who met inclusion criteria were living independently (n = 112, 97.4%) at the time of stroke. CCD (66%) was diagnosed with similar frequency to aphasia (68%). The presence of communication impairment did not result in significant differences in rehabilitation LOS and discharge destination when compared to hemispheric strokes without communication impairment. Severity of CCD was an independent predictor of functional gain by rehabilitation discharge. People with CCD require comparable access to rehabilitation as people with aphasia, and severity of CCD should be considered in determining rehabilitation LOS. A large number of people are discharged with ongoing CCD which warrants exploration of potential participation restrictions created by the communication impairment.
Decision-making preferences towards surgical intervention in a Hong Kong Chinese population
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2003
DOI: 10.1046/J.1466-7657.2003.00186.X
Abstract: Economic, social, ethical and legal concerns are motivating changes in western-type health practice to encourage in iduals to participate in health-care decisions. Patient participation in health care is perceived to be beneficial because health care is negotiated with the patient so the selected regimen of care is more likely to be acceptable. Hong Kong, in accordance with contemporary trends in other industrialized countries, has adopted a Patient's Charter that outlines patient's rights regarding health treatment and choices. Studies indicate that not all patients wish to take part in decision making about treatment. To explore the degree to which a Hong Kong Chinese population desired to participate in decision making about surgical intervention. 96 participants, 49 surgical and medical patients and 47 students of nursing, participated. Participants were given three hypothetical scenarios: cardiac failure, where major surgery is suggested cholecystitis, where routine surgery is suggested and the presence of a benign skin lesion, where minor surgery is suggested. Participants were asked about the degree to which they desired to participate in the decision-making process. There were five choices, ranging from the doctor having full control, to various types of collaborative decision making, to the in idual having full control. When the medical condition is not severe, participants desired greater participation in the decision-making process. Younger participants desired greater collaboration with the doctor in decision making while older participants preferred the doctor to have the greater input with respect to decision making.
Can exercise ameliorate treatment toxicity during the initial phase of testosterone deprivation in prostate cancer patients? Is this more effective than delayed rehabilitation?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2012
Comparison of error-based and errorless learning for people with severe traumatic brain injury: Study protocol for a randomized control trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
A Meta-Analytic Review of Overgeneral Memory: The Role of Trauma History, Mood, and the Presence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1037/TRA0000027
Abstract: A number of studies suggest that a history of trauma, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with autobiographical memory deficits, notably overgeneral memory (OGM). However, whether there are any group differences in the nature and magnitude of OGM has not been evaluated. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify group differences in OGM. The effect sizes were pooled from studies examining the effect on OGM from a history of trauma (e.g., childhood sexual abuse), and the presence of PTSD or current depression (e.g., major depressive disorder). Using multiple search engines, 13 trauma studies and 12 depression studies were included in this review. A depression effect was observed on OGM with a large effect size, and was more evident by the lack of specific memories, especially to positive cues. An effect of trauma history on OGM was observed with a medium effect size, and this was most evident by the presence of overgeneral responses to negative cues. The results also suggested an lified memory deficit in the presence of PTSD. That is, the effect sizes of OGM among in iduals with PTSD were very large and relatively equal across different types of OGM. Future studies that directly compare the differences of OGM among 4 s les (i.e., controls, current depression without trauma history, trauma history without depression, and trauma history and depression) would be warranted to verify the current findings.
The application of technology to improve cognition in older adults: A review and suggestions for future directions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2022
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.565
Abstract: The rapidly increasing worldwide population of older adults, along with the increasing prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in this population, is a growing health-care problem. As such, advances in technology-based cognitive interventions and games are playing an increasingly key role in preserving and improving older adults' cognitive function, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic when opportunities for face-to-face activities or training are few. In this paper, we summarize from previous studies systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the various types of technology used in cognitive interventions (namely, computerized cognitive training, virtual-reality interventions and robot-assisted interventions) and the empirical evidence on the effects of these technologies on global and specific cognitive functions in healthy and clinical populations of older adults (e.g., older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia). We also describe older adults' perceptions, experiences and acceptance of these technologies. Finally, we discuss the limitations, challenges and future avenues of research in this field.
The association between early minor motor difficulties in extreme low birth weight infants and school age attentional difficulties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2005.10.012
Abstract: Extremely premature infants of normal intellectual ability have an increased prevalence of motor and attentional difficulties. Knowledge of the relationship between early motor difficulties and measures of attention at school age would enhance understanding of these developmental pathways, their interrelationship and opportunities for intervention. This study examines whether an association exists between early findings of minor motor difficulties and school age clinical and psychometric measures of attention. 45/60 eligible ELBW(1000 g) or preterm (< 27/40 gestation) infants born at the Mater Mother's Hospital were assessed at 12 and 24 months for minor motor deficits (using NSMDA) and at 7-9 years for attention, using clinical (Conners and Du Paul Rating Scales) and psychometric (assessing attention span, selective and ided attention) measures. NSMDA at 12 months was only associated with the psychometric measures of verbal attention span. It was not associated with later clinical measures of attention. NSMDA at 24 months was strongly associated with specific clinical measures of attention at school age, independent of biological and social factors. It was not associated with psychometric measures of attention. The major finding of this study is that motor difficulties in ELBW infants at 2 years are associated with later clinical measures of attention. Possible mechanisms underlying this relationship are considered.
Foot massage and physiological stress in people with dementia: A randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2014
Altered Frontal Lateralization Underlies the Category Fluency Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-03-2016
A topographical map of the causal network of mechanisms underlying the relationship between major depressive disorder and coronary heart disease
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.3109/00048674.2011.570427
Abstract: Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) are both clinically important public health problems. Depression is linked with a higher incidence of ischaemic cardiac events and MDD is more prevalent in patients with CHD. No single comprehensive model has yet described the causal mechanisms linking MDD to CHD. Several key mechanisms have been put forward, comprising behavioural mechanisms, genetic mechanisms, dysregulation of immune mechanisms, coagulation abnormalities and vascular endothelial dysfunction, polyunsaturated omega-3 free fatty acid deficiency, and autonomic mechanisms. It has been suggested that these mechanisms form a network, which links MDD and CHD. The aim of this review is to examine the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship between MDD and CHD, with the aim of constructing a topological map of the causal network which describes the relationship between MDD and CHD. Methods: The search term ‘depression and heart disease’ was entered into an electronic multiple database search engine. Abstracts were screened for relevance and in idually selected articles were collated. Results: This review introduces the first topological map of the causal network which describes the relationship between MDD and CHD. Conclusions: Viewing the causal pathways as an interdependent network presents a new paradigm in this field and provides fertile ground for further research. The causal network can be studied using the methodology of systems biology, which is briefly introduced. Future research should focus on the creation of a more comprehensive topological map of the causal network and the quantification of the activity between each node of the causal network.
Neural correlates of prospection impairments in schizophrenia: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSCYCHRESNS.2019.110987
Abstract: Prospection, which has a close relationship with motivation and goal-directed behavior, could be a potential target for alleviating negative symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the structural neural correlates of prospection impairments and the involvement of working memory in prospection in schizophrenia patients. Thirty-seven patients with schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls were recruited and all of them completed a prospection task. Working memory was assessed with the Letter Number Span test. In addition, all participants underwent a structural MRI scan. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to measure grey matter (GM) volume. We found that in schizophrenia patients, GM loss in the right lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the right ventral medial PFC was correlated with decreased internal details in the prospection task. Moreover, GM volume of the right lateral PFC was found to mediate the relationship between working memory and internal details in these patients. In conclusion, GM loss in the PFC is associated with prospection impairments in schizophrenia patients. Working memory deficits may partially account for prospection impairments in schizophrenia patients.
Test-Retest Reliability of Simulated Driving Performance: A Pilot Study
Publisher: University of Iowa
Date: 2013
Revisiting the therapeutic effect of rTMS on negative symptoms in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Procedural Memory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2002
DOI: 10.1076/JCEN.24.4.458.1032
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of pediatric Traumatic brain injury (TBI) on procedural memory. Fifteen children with moderate to severe TBI and 15 matched controls were compared on two procedural-memory tasks: motor-perceptual (rotary pursuit) and cognitive (mirror reading). Explicit-memory tasks were also completed: recall or recognition of rotary-pursuit items and mirror-reading words. On both procedural tasks, the TBI group learned at a similar rate and retained equally well as the controls. On the explicit-memory tasks, however, the TBI group recalled and recognized fewer test items than the controls. These results are consistent with those reported in the adult TBI literature and suggest that procedural memory, a type of implicit memory, is preserved in children with TBI. Implications of these findings for the management and rehabilitation of children with TBI were discussed.
Happy facial expression processing with different social interaction cues: An fMRI study of individuals with schizotypal personality traits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.PNPBP.2013.02.004
Abstract: In daily life facial expressions change rapidly and the direction of change provides important clues about social interaction. The aim of conducting this study was to elucidate the dynamic happy facial expression processing with different social interaction cues in in iduals with (n=14) and without (n=14) schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) traits. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), dynamic happy facial expression processing was examined by presenting video clips depicting happiness appearing and disappearing under happiness inducing ('praise') or reducing ('blame') interaction cues. The happiness appearing condition consistently elicited more brain activations than the happiness disappearing condition in the posterior cingulate bilaterally in all participants. Further analyses showed that the SPD group was less deactivated than the non-SPD group in the right anterior cingulate cortex in the happiness appearing-disappearing contrast. The SPD group deactivated more than the non-SPD group in the left posterior cingulate and right superior temporal gyrus in the praise-blame contrast. Moreover, the incongruence of cues and facial expression activated the frontal-thalamus-caudate-parietal network, which is involved in emotion recognition and conflict resolution. These results shed light on the neural basis of social interaction deficits in in iduals with schizotypal personality traits.
Effect of an interactive therapeutic robotic animal on engagement, mood states, agitation and psychotropic drug use in people with dementia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial protocol: Table 1
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-2015
Neural correlates of uncertain decision making: ERP evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2013
The efficacy of prospective memory rehabilitation plus metacognitive skills training for adults with traumatic brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2017
BDNF variants may modulate long-term visual memory performance in a healthy cohort
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-03-2017
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS18030655
A CREB1 Gene Polymorphism (rs2253206) Is Associated with Prospective Memory in a Healthy Cohort.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-05-2017
The development of prospective memory across adolescence: An event-related potential analysis
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-06-2015
Time-based prospective memory in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury: Impact of working memory demands
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1037/NEU0000468
Abstract: Difficulties with prospective memory are frequently reported following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), but rarely researched. We aimed to (i) investigate time-based prospective memory post-pediatric TBI (ii) examine whether time-based prospective memory is differentially impacted by the demand placed on working memory and (iii) explore which components of working memory (viz., central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad) are involved in time-based prospective memory under low and high cognitive load following pediatric TBI. Thirty-nine children and adolescents (20 survivors of moderate-severe TBI and 19 healthy controls) completed (i) a newly developed time-based prospective memory task (TBPMT), embedded in an ongoing lexical-decision task, with two conditions: low and high working memory load and (ii) tests of working memory components from the Automated Working Memory Assessment. Compared to controls, participants with TBI had significantly lower prospective memory accuracy on the TBPMT across working memory loads (low, high). In contrast, the groups did not differ in time monitoring or accuracy on the ongoing task. In the TBI group, higher scores on tests of the central executive (but not phonological loop or visuospatial sketchpad) were associated with higher prospective memory accuracy and time monitoring (controlling for age). Time-based prospective memory is impaired following moderate-severe pediatric TBI, irrespective of the level of working memory demand. Our findings suggest that children and adolescents with TBI may be at risk of failing to perform future intentions at the right time in daily life, especially for in iduals identified as having deficits in central executive functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record
Neural correlates of prospective memory impairments in schizophrenia.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1037/NEU0000225
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to carry out intended actions after a delay. PM impairments are common in schizophrenia patients and are thought to be related to their prefrontal cortex dysfunction however, this has not yet been examined directly in the research literature. The current study aimed to examine abnormalities in brain activation during PM task performance in schizophrenia patients. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and 25 matched healthy controls were scanned in a 3-T MRI machine while performing a PM task. The results showed that compared to the healthy controls, schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse on the PM task. Furthermore, they exhibited decreased brain activation in frontal cortex including the right superior frontal gyri (Brodmann area 10), and other related brain areas like the anterior cingulate gyrus, parietal and temporal cortex, including precuneus, and some subcortext, including parahippoc al gyrus and putamen. These findings confirm the involvement and importance of the prefrontal cortex in PM and show evidence of hypofrontality in schizophrenia patients while performing a PM task.
Efficacy of Telerehabilitation for Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2018
Prospective memory in individuals with first‐episode schizophrenia: A two‐year longitudinal study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-09-2018
DOI: 10.1111/EIP.12733
Abstract: The present study aimed to explore the two-year naturalistic trajectory of time- and event-based prospective memory (PM) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. We administered a computer-based dual-task PM paradigm to 57 in iduals with first-episode schizophrenia at baseline and after 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. Forty-eight healthy controls were also recruited and completed all the measures at baseline. We compared the trajectories between time-based and event-based PM in first-episode schizophrenia patients using repeated measures ANOVAs, and examined the relationship between PM and clinical symptoms using Spearman's correlation. PM impairments improved significantly after 24 months of follow-up. However, time-based and event-based PM appeared to run different trajectories. After 24 months, first-episode schizophrenia patient performed poorer than healthy controls in time-based but not event-based PM. PM did not appear to be correlated with clinical symptoms, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This is one of the longest follow-up studies investigating PM in first-episode schizophrenia. Our results provide evidence to support that time-based PM is more temporally stable than event-based PM.
Attentional deficits in head-injured children: An information processing analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1992
DOI: 10.1016/0278-2626(92)90072-T
Abstract: Attentional problems of closed head-injured (CHI) children were examined using an information processing (IP) approach. Based on Sternberg's (1969) additive factor method (AFM), the study examined attentional processes in terms of four stages and their corresponding task variables. A visual-spatial choice reaction-time task was undertaken with two groups of CHI children (severe and mild to moderate) and corresponding matched control groups. Results indicated that for this task both the CHI and the normal children exhibited a similar mode of linear, sequential information processing. It was found that the severe group was impaired not only in terms of slowed motor execution but also in terms of response selection. This group showed no impairment on the feature extraction, stimulus identification, and motor adjustment stages of processing. No evidence of impairment on any of the stages was found for the mild group. The utility of the AFM and implications of these findings are discussed with reference to CHI children and to neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour among south Asian immigrants in Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-03-2023
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.711
Abstract: South Asians make up the second‐largest group of immigrants in Australia and experience a higher burden of chronic diseases compared with non‐immigrants. Most chronic diseases are associated with insufficient physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) however, studies involving PA and SB in immigrants are limited. This study aimed to explore PA and SB and associated factors among South Asian immigrants in Australia. South Asian adult immigrants in Australia were surveyed online (from November 2020 to March 2021) about PA, SB, knowledge and barriers to PA. Logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with insufficient PA ( minutes/week) and a high sitting time ( hours/day). A total of 321 participants provided complete data. Approximately 76% of participants reported insufficient PA and 27% reported high sitting time. Only 6% of participants walked or bicycled. The main reported barriers to PA were lack of time, costs, transport facilities, skills, and culturally appropriate resources. Around 52% of participants were not aware of the importance of PA. Participants with self‐reported poor health and who used motorized travel were more likely to have inadequate PA. High sitting time was more common among middle‐aged, overweight/obese, and middle‐income participants. Most South Asian immigrants are insufficiently active with a lack of socio‐economically appropriate PA facilities identified as a major challenge. A stronger collaboration between policymakers and community is required for sustainable solutions. Affordable and appropriate PA facilities in neighbourhoods could overcome major barriers. Also, information about PA should incorporate cultural expectations in the general recommendations to encourage participation.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Using PARO, a Therapeutic Robotic Seal, to Reduce Agitation and Medication Use in Dementia: Findings from a Cluster–Randomized Controlled Trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2017.10.008
Abstract: To examine the within-trial costs and cost-effectiveness of using PARO, compared with a plush toy and usual care, for reducing agitation and medication use in people with dementia in long-term care. An economic evaluation, nested within a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Twenty-eight facilities in South-East Queensland, Australia. A total of 415 residents, all aged 60 years or older, with documented diagnoses of dementia. Facilities were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: PARO (in idual, nonfacilitated 15-minute sessions, 3 afternoons per week for 10 weeks) plush toy (as per PARO but with artificial intelligence disabled) and usual care. The incremental cost per Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form (CMAI-SF) point averted from a provider's perspective. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (BLINDED FOR REVIEW). For the within-trial costs, the PARO group was $50.47 more expensive per resident compared with usual care, whereas the plush toy group was $37.26 more expensive than usual care. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in agitation levels after the 10-week intervention. The point estimates of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were $13.01 for PARO and $12.85 for plush toy per CMAI-SF point averted relative to usual care. The plush toy used in this study offered marginally greater value for money than PARO in improving agitation. However, these costs are much lower than values estimated for psychosocial group activities and sensory interventions, suggesting that both a plush toy and the PARO are cost-effective psychosocial treatment options for agitation.
An attempt at revisiting the factor structure of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire in the Chinese setting
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2017
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.198
Abstract: This study examined the factor structure of the Chinese version of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) in a large nonclinical s le of college students (n = 1,586). All participants completed the self-report version of the DEX. An exploratory factor analysis was first performed on a sub-s le (randomly split, n = 766) and produced a four-factor model (Volition, Intentionality, Inhibition, and Abstract Problem-Solving), which was similar to previous models reported in Western s les. In addition, a series of confirmatory factor analyses was conducted on the remaining s le (n = 820). The findings suggested that a four-factor solution of the self-report DEX might better explain the latent structure in the present healthy Chinese s le.
Review of community pharmacy staff educational needs for supporting mental health consumers and carers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10597-012-9580-4
Abstract: Development of a mental health education package for community pharmacy staff should be informed by mental health consumers/carers' needs, expectations and experiences, and staff knowledge, skills and attitudes. This review (1) explored research on community pharmacy practice and service provision for mental health consumers/carers, and (2) identified validated methods for assessing staff knowledge, skills and attitudes about mental illness to inform the development of a training questionnaire. A literature scan using key words knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs combined with community pharmacy, pharmacist, and pharmacy support staff, and mental illness, depression, anxiety was conducted. A small number of studies were found that used reliable methods to assess pharmacists' training needs regarding mental illness and treatment options. There was little published specifically in relation to depression and anxiety in community pharmacy practice. No studies assessed the training needs of pharmacy support staff. A systematic analysis of pharmacy staff learning needs is warranted.
Different types of screen time are associated with low life satisfaction in adolescents across 37 European and North American countries
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-03-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14034948221082459
Abstract: Prolonged screen time (ST) is a potential concern for poor wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the associations of different types of ST with life satisfaction among adolescents. Data were from 380,446 adolescents (aged 11–15 years, 51% girls) across 37 European and North American countries who completed the 2010 and 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys. Participants reported h/day during free time spent on television, electronic games, and computer/other devices. Life satisfaction was assessed using a 10-point scale (low life satisfaction ⩽5). Generalized additive modelling showed non-linear associations for each ST type, with low life satisfaction increasing monotonically for h/day of electronic gaming or computer/other device and h/day of watching television. Multilevel multivariable modelling showed that h/day of watching television was associated with 26% higher odds for boys (OR 1.26 95% CI:1.21–1.32) and 52% higher odds for girls (1.52 1.46–1.59) of low life satisfaction than for ⩽1 h/day of television. Electronic gaming h/day was associated with low life satisfaction with odds 42% higher in boys (1.42, 1.36–1.48) and 69% higher in girls (1.69, 1.61–1.76). A similar association was found for h/day of computer/other device for boys (1.43, 1.37–1.49) and girls (1.71, 1.65–1.77). Low levels of ST may be beneficial however, prolonged periods are associated with low life satisfaction among adolescents, in particular among girls. Results support ⩽2 h/day restriction of ST and highlight research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms of ST and wellbeing, which may not reflect active versus passive content.
A randomized controlled trial of prospective memory rehabilitation in adults with traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2011
Abstract: To examine the efficacy of compensatory prospective memory training, preceded by self-awareness training for adults with traumatic brain injury. Randomized controlled trial with 4 intervention groups: (i) self-awareness plus compensatory prospective memory training (ii) self-awareness training plus active control (iii) active control plus compensatory prospective memory training and (iv) active control only. Forty-five rehabilitation patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury living in the community. Four groups of participants completed an 8-session in idual intervention programme with pre- and post-assessment by a blind assessor on a standardized test of prospective memory, actual strategy use, relatives' ratings of prospective memory failure, and level of psychosocial reintegration. Larger changes in prospective memory test score and strategy use were found in groups with compensatory prospective memory training compared with those groups without. The results provide evidence that prospective memory can be improved in patients with traumatic brain injury using a compensatory approach in a relatively short duration and low intensity intervention.
Integration of Mendelian randomisation and systems biology models to identify novel blood-based biomarkers for stroke
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
The nature of occupational gaps and relationship with mood, psychosocial functioning and self-discrepancy after severe traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-01-2020
Investigation of the CADM2 polymorphism rs17518584 in memory and executive functions measures in a cohort of young healthy individuals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NLM.2018.08.001
Abstract: The common polymorphism rs17518584, near the cell adhesion molecule 2 gene (CADM2), was previously identified as playing a role in information processing speed in a genome-wide association study of executive functions and processing speed performed in a cohort of non-demented older adults. In this study, we investigated this polymorphism in a younger population cohort (≤30 years old, median age 19 years), with no known memory or psychiatric disorders, for which we had phenotyped all participants for memory function (n = 514), and a subset of the participants for executive functions (n = 338), using a battery of tests measuring visuo-spatial memory, working memory, verbal memory, and frontal lobe functions (visual scanning, graphomotor speed, and cognitive flexibility). The polymorphism rs17518584 was genotyped by a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and analysis indicated that the CADM2 polymorphism showed evidence of association with information processing speed as inferred from scores from the Stroop Word, Colour, and Colour-Word Tests (p = 0.005, p = 0.04, and p = 0.028, respectively, in a dominant inheritance model), as well as Trail Making Test Part A (p = 0.005 in an additive model). Significant associations of rs17518584 with scores from other tests of memory subtypes were not detected. The findings of this study provide further support for a role of CADM2 in aspects of cognitive function, in particular reading and information processing speed, and suggest that this role extends to younger in iduals.
Self-awareness of prospective memory failure in adults with traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1080/02699050210138581
Abstract: The frequency of prospective memory failure in in iduals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) was investigated by comparison with a non-brain-injured control group. Self-awareness of prospective memory function was also assessed by comparing self-ratings with ratings by significant others. Study participants included 33 in iduals with severe TBI and 29 non-brain-injured persons. Each participant nominated a close friend or relative who completed the informant's version of the questionnaire. Participants and their significant others both rated the participants' frequency of prospective memory lapses using the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM). An independent groups design was adopted to compare the TBI and control groups. No significant difference was found between the TBI and control participants' self-ratings of frequency of prospective memory failure, but ratings by significant others were significantly different. The TBI group demonstrated less self-awareness (i.e. underestimated the frequency of prospective memory failure compared to significant others) than the control group.
A cross-validation study of clustering of schizotypy using a non-clinical Chinese sample
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2012.03.026
Abstract: This study aimed to examine whether the same clusters of in iduals with schizotypy as reported in Western s les are present in a Chinese s le. Cluster analysis was conducted on the responses of 418 in iduals to the Chapman Psychosis-Proneness Scales. Results revealed that similar clusters of schizotypy exist in Chinese and Western s les, and that the emotional and neuropsychological symptoms they manifest are consistent with their cluster type.
Study protocol: A randomised controlled trial of the effects of a multi-modal exercise program on cognition and physical functioning in older women
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2012
The remediation effects of working memory training in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-10-2019
Working memory dysfunctions predict social problem solving skills in schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2014.07.043
Abstract: The current study aimed to examine the contribution of neurocognition and social cognition to components of social problem solving. Sixty-seven inpatients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls were administrated batteries of neurocognitive tests, emotion perception tests, and the Chinese Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills (CAIPSS). MANOVAs were conducted to investigate the domains in which patients with schizophrenia showed impairments. Correlations were used to determine which impaired domains were associated with social problem solving, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to compare the relative contribution of neurocognitive and social cognitive functioning to components of social problem solving. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse in sustained attention, working memory, negative emotion, intention identification and all components of the CAIPSS. Specifically, sustained attention, working memory and negative emotion identification were found to correlate with social problem solving and 1-back accuracy significantly predicted the poor performance in social problem solving. Among the dysfunctions in schizophrenia, working memory contributed most to deficits in social problem solving in patients with schizophrenia. This finding provides support for targeting working memory in the development of future social problem solving rehabilitation interventions.
The effects of dehydration, moderate alcohol consumption, and rehydration on cognitive functions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.ALCOHOL.2012.12.016
Abstract: This study investigated the impact of mild-moderate dehydration on alcohol-induced deteriorations in cognitive functions. Sixteen healthy males participated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design study involving 4 experimental trials (separated by ≥7 d). In each trial, participants were dehydrated by 2.5% body mass through exercise. After 1 h recovery in a thermo-neutral environment (22 ± 2 °C, 60-70% relative humidity) 4 tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were administered to the participants (test 1). In two of the trials, participants were provided with water equivalent to either 50% or 150% body mass loss and given salt (NaCl) capsules (50 mmol/L). A set volume of alcohol or placebo was then consumed in each trial, incorporating the conditions: dehydration-placebo (DP), dehydration-alcohol (DA), partial rehydration-alcohol (PA), and full rehydration-alcohol (FA). The same 4 CANTAB tasks were then re-administered (test 2). Subjective ratings of mood and estimates of alcohol intoxication and driving impairment were also recorded in each trial. Alcohol consumption caused deterioration on 3 of the 4 CANTAB measures (viz., choice reaction time, executive function and response inhibition). This reduction in performance was exacerbated when participants were dehydrated compared to trials where full rehydration occurred. Subjective ratings of impairment and intoxication were not significantly different between any of the trials where alcohol was consumed however ratings for alcohol trials were significantly higher than in the placebo trial. These findings suggest that rehydration after exercise that causes fluid loss can attenuate alcohol-related deterioration of cognitive functions. This may pose implications for post match fluid replacement if a moderate amount of alcohol is also consumed.
Error self-regulation following traumatic brain injury: A single case study evaluation of metacognitive skills training and behavioural practice interventions
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1080/09602010902949223
Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of metacognitive skills training (MST) and behavioural practice on error self-regulation during a naturalistic task after traumatic brain injury (TBI). A single-case study design was used and three participants (two males, one female) aged 26-43 years with severe TBI were included in the study. In the first study, after a four-session baseline of behavioural practice, two participants received eight MST sessions followed by four maintenance sessions. In the second study, a third participant received 16 sessions of behavioural practice to assess the extent to which error self-regulation improves through long-term task practice and therapist corrections. Participants prepared two different meals with a novel meal introduced later to examine skills generalisation. Behavioural outcomes included error frequency, checking and self-corrections. Data analysis involved a combination of visual analysis and two standard deviation (2-SD) band analysis. In the MST study, the two participants demonstrated a 38% and 76% reduction in error frequency (p < .05), a significant decrease in checks (p < .05), and a significant increase in self-corrections (p < .05) relative to baseline. In the behavioural practice study, the participant demonstrated reduced errors (25%), although this was not statistically significant, and a significant increase in checks (p .05). This exploratory research suggests that, firstly, by targeting error self-regulation MST can potentially promote independence on complex everyday tasks and secondly, although behavioural practice alone may facilitate some functional gains, it fails to promote more independent self-regulatory behaviours.
Prospective Memory Deficits in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-08-2010
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to do something in the future without explicit prompts. To date, little has been known about PM deficits in bipolar disorder (BD). This study examined the nature and correlates of PM in patients with BD. Forty clinically stable BD patients and 40 matched healthy controls formed the study s le. Socio-demographic characteristics, PM, psychosocial functioning, retrospective memory (RM), and IQ were measured in all participants, whereas clinical condition was measured in patients with standardized assessment instruments. Patients performed significantly more poorly on the time-based PM task than controls (10.6 ± 5.0 vs. 14.6 ± 3.0, p < .001). In correlation analyses, older age, lower education, more severe depressive and manic symptoms, poor psychosocial functioning, poor RM, and lower scores in IQ were significantly associated with poor performance in the time-based PM task, whereas poor RM and lower scores in IQ associated with poorer performance in the event-based PM task in patients. In multivariate analyses, severity of depression and older age significantly contributed to poor performance in the time-based PM task, whereas poor RM contributed to poor performance in the event-based PM task in patients. The time-based PM is impaired in BD patients. Depressive symptoms, age, and RM were determinants of certain aspects of impaired PM performance in BD patients.
Independent Association of Prospective Memory with Retrospective Memory and Intelligence in Schizophrenia: A Controlled Study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-08-2010
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. This study examined the relationship between three PM subtypes, and intelligence and retrospective memory (RM) in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The study s le comprised 110 schizophrenia patients and 110 healthy controls matched according to age, sex, and level of education. The patients' clinical condition was evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Time-, event-, and activity-based PM and RM (immediate and delayed Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised), executive functioning (Design Fluency Test, Tower of London-4 disk, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), and intelligence (Raven's Progressive Matrices) tests were administered to all participants. Correlation analyses showed time- and event-based PM to be significantly associated with RM in both the patients and controls, but with intelligence only in the patients. After controlling for covariates, only time-based PM was associated with RM in the controls and only event-based PM with intelligence in the patients. In schizophrenia, PM deficit may arise from the impairments of the retrospective components of memory.
Problems in remembering to carry out future actions in first-episode schizophrenia: Primary or secondary impairment?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHIRES.2014.11.007
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out intended actions in the future. Empirical evidence suggests that PM deficits exist in in iduals with chronic schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether PM deficits in first-episode schizophrenia exist independently from other neuropsychological deficits. Moreover, prior research using patients with first-episode has been limited to small inpatient s les. We aimed to clarify the nature and extent of PM deficits in in iduals with first-episode schizophrenia, using a large outpatient s le. Participants were 91 clinically stable outpatients with first-episode schizophrenia and 83 healthy controls. PM was assessed using both a subjective self-reported checklist and a laboratory-based task capturing time- and event-based PM. A battery assessing verbal and visuo-spatial working memory, as well as executive functions was also administered. ANOVA analyses showed that patients with first-episode schizophrenia performed significantly poorer than healthy controls in time- and event-based PM. Stepwise linear regression analyses suggested that cognitive flexibility predicted time- and event-based PM and working memory predicted event-based PM. Subgroup analyses showed that "cognitive-preserved" patients with first-episode schizophrenia tended to perform poorer in time-based PM deficit than healthy controls who were matched in IQ and other neuropsychological functions. Overall, our results provide substantial evidence to support that time-based PM deficits in first-episode schizophrenia are apparent and not entirely attributable to other neuropsychological deficits. PM may constitute a neuropsychological marker for schizophrenia.
Relationship Between Neurocognitive Function and Self-Discrepancy After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2017
To Lopez V (2005) commentary on Lee et al. (2004)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-08-2005
Upper limb virtual rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury: Initial evaluation of the elements system
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-04-2010
DOI: 10.3109/02699051003652807
Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of a tabletop virtual-reality (VR) based upper-limb rehabilitation system (called Elements) for promoting movement skill in patients with TBI. An ABA case study design with multiple baselines was employed. Baseline performance in this design is contrasted against the results during the treatment phase. Three patients with TBI participated in 12 1-hour sessions of VR-based training. The VR system consisted of a 42-inch tabletop LCD, camera tracking system and tangible user interface. The system requires participants to move an object to cued locations while receiving augmented movement feedback to reinforce speed, trajectory and placement. Upper limb performance was assessed using these three system-measured variables and standardized tests. Trends in the time-sequence plots for each patient were assessed by sight inspection of smoothed data and then by statistical analyses. Participants demonstrated improvements on movement accuracy, efficiency and bimanual dexterity and mixed improvement on speed and other measures of movement skill. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that the Elements system shows promise in facilitating motor learning in these TBI patients. Larger scale trials are now deemed a viable step in further validating the system.
An object cue is more effective than a word in ERP-based detection of deception
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2008.08.003
Abstract: Recent studies of deception have used a form of the guilty knowledge test along with the oddball P300 event-related potential (ERP) to uncover hidden memories. These studies typically have used words as the cuing stimuli. In the present study, a mock crime was enacted by participants to prime their episodic memory and different memory cue types (Words, Pictures of Objects and Faces) were created to investigate their relative efficacy in identifying guilt. A peak-to peak (p-p) P300 response was computed for rare known non-guilty item (target), rare guilty knowledge item (probe) and frequently presented unknown items (irrelevant). Difference in this P300 measure between the probe and irrelevant was the key dependent variable. Object cues were found to be the most effective, particularly at the parietal site. A bootstrap procedure commonly used to detect deception in in idual participants by comparing their probe and irrelevant P300 p-p showed the object cues to provide the best discrimination. Furthermore, using all three of the cue types together provided high detection accuracy (94%). These results confirm prior findings on the utility of ERPs for detecting deception. More importantly, they provide support for the hypothesis that direct cueing with a picture of the crime object may be more effective than using a word (consistent with the picture superiority effect reported in the literature). Finally, a face cue (e.g., crime victim) may also provide a useful probe for detection of guilty knowledge but this stimulus form needs to be chosen with due caution.
Neurophysiological indices of perceptual object priming in the absence of explicit recognition memory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2008.08.005
Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify ERP correlates of perceptual object priming that are insensitive to factors affecting explicit, episodic memory. EEG was recorded from 21 participants while they performed a visual object recognition test on a combination of unstudied items and old items that were previously encountered during either a 'deep' or 'shallow' levels-of-processing (LOP) study task. The results demonstrated a midline P150 old/new effect which was sensitive only to objects' old/new status and not to the accuracy of recognition responses to old items, or to the LOP manipulation. Similar outcomes were observed for the subsequent P200 and N400 effects, the former of which had a parietal scalp maximum and the latter, a broadly distributed topography. In addition an LPC old/new effect typical of those reported in past ERP recognition studies was observed. These outcomes support the proposal that the P150 effect is reflective of perceptual object priming and moreover, provide novel evidence that this and the P200 effect are independent of explicit recognition memory process(es).
Associations of Passive and Mentally Active Screen Time With Perceived School Performance of 197,439 Adolescents Across 38 Countries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACAP.2022.07.024
Abstract: To examine the associations of passive (ie, television) and active (ie, electronic games, computer use) screen time (ST) with perceived school performance of adolescents across gender. Data were from the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey conducted across 38 European countries and Canada. Perceived school performance was assessed using an item and dichotomized as high (good/very good) versus the remainder (average/below-average as reference). Participants reported hours per day of time spent watching television, playing electronic games, and using a computer in their free time. Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the associations. A total of 197,439 adolescents (average age 13.6 [standard deviation 1.63] years 51% girls) were analyzed. Multivariable modeling showed that engaging in >2 h/d of ST was progressively and adversely associated with high performance in both boys and girls. Adolescents reporting >4 h/d of television time (≤1 h/d as reference) had 32% lower odds in boys (odds ratio [OR] 0.68 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.71) and 39% lower odds in girls (OR 0.61 95% CI, 0.58-0.65) of reporting high performance. Playing electronic games for >4 h/d was associated with high performance with odds being 38% lower in boys (OR 0.62 95% CI, 0.59-0.66) and 45% lower in girls (OR 0.55 95% CI, 0.52-0.57). Sex differences in the estimates were mixed. High screen use, whether active or passive, was adversely associated with perceived high school performance, with association estimates being slightly stronger in girls than boys, and for mentally active than passive screen use. Discouraging high levels of screen use of any type could be beneficial to school performance.
Prevalence of Neurological Soft Signs and Their Neuropsychological Correlates in Typically Developing Chinese Children and Chinese Children With ADHD
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-10-2010
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2010.508552
Abstract: This study examined prevalence of soft signs in 214 typically developing Chinese children and investigated whether soft signs are associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in this population. Chinese children with ADHD (N = 54) scored significantly higher than age-matched controls on all three soft signs subscales and motor coordination correlated significantly with Stroop interference. Logistic regression supported the utility of the soft sign scales in discriminating children with ADHD and controls. Children with ADHD had a significant excess of soft signs, which may be a useful marker of developmental disruption in this clinical condition.
Pharmacotherapy of Persons with Dementia in Long-term Care in Australia: A Descriptive Audit of Central Nervous System Medications
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 10-07-2017
Prospective memory in healthy Chinese people: The latent structure of the comprehensive assessment of prospective memory questionnaire
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1080/09602010903425710
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the latent structure of the Chinese version of the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM) using confirmatory factor analysis. A total of 264 healthy Chinese participants (118 men and 146 women) took part in the study and their ages ranged from 17 to 90 years. There was no gender effect upon the frequency of prospective memory (PM) forgetting but age and education were found to be correlated significantly with these frequencies in the current s le. Results of the study also showed that the model with the best fit had a tripartite structure which consisted of a general memory factor (with all items loading on it) plus a basic activities of daily living as well as an instrumental activities of daily living factor. Furthermore, this tripartite model was robust across subgroups with respect to gender, education, and age. These findings provide support for the construct validity of the original CAPM and demonstrate its utility in another culture.
Prospective memory in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2009.07.011
Abstract: Although a number of studies have found prospective memory (PM) impairment in patients with schizophrenia, very little is known about the PM performance in non-psychotic relatives of these patients. The current study aimed to explore the PM performance in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of these patients. Two groups of participants (26 non-psychotic first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and 26 healthy comparison participants) were administered three PM tasks (time-, event-, and activity-based) and a set of neurocognitive tests. Results showed that the relatives performed significantly worse than the comparisons on most indices of the PM tasks, with a similar pattern of impairment found in other neurocognitive measures. Together with findings from previous studies, results of the current study suggest that PM may be a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia.
A comparison of laboratory, clinical, and self-report measures of prospective memory in healthy adults and individuals with brain injury
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-09-2017
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1371280
Abstract: In iduals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have demonstrated deficits in prospective memory (PM) functioning when compared to healthy adults. These deficits have been measured using laboratory measures, clinical measures, and self-report questionnaires. However, PM has been shown to involve multiple cognitive processes and have a variety of stages. Thus, it is not known whether these measures all assess the same aspects of PM. Thus, this study was designed to measure the convergent validity of the three types of PM measures in both healthy adults and in iduals with TBI. We aimed to investigate the convergent validity of the three types of tasks in two ways. First, we sought to investigate whether the PM deficits experienced by people with TBI are consistent across tasks. Second, we sought to examine the relationship between the three types of tasks. Results demonstrated that while all three types of measures were sensitive to PM deficits in TBI, there were differences in the aspects rocesses of PM being measured. Data from the laboratory measure suggested a specific difficulty with detecting the correct cue. Data from the clinical measure suggested that TBI has a greater effect on time-based cues than event-based cues and that the primary deficit is a prospective intention retrieval deficit rather than the retrospective memory component. In addition, those with TBI did not differ from healthy adults when the time delay was short enough, suggesting that PM is not universally impaired. Data from the self-report questionnaire suggested that those with TBI are more sensitive to difficulties with basic activities of daily living rather than instrumental activities on daily living. These results are discussed in terms of rehabilitation techniques that could focus first on cue detection and use basic activities of daily living as outcome measures.
A systematic review of psycho-oncology research in Chinese populations: Emerging trends
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 08-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.12087
Abstract: The burden of cancer in China is increasing with future psycho-oncological interventions crucial. A systematic review of psycho-oncology research in China was undertaken to assess quantity, design and target trends over time. Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, Web of Science (1999-November Week 4, 2012) were searched. Inclusion criteria were: included cancer patients and/or partners or caregivers from resident Chinese populations (either at least 80% of participants are from China, Hong Kong or Taiwan) assessed psychological adjustment relating to cancer and published in English after 1 January 1999 and prior to 30 November 2012. In all, 208 articles met inclusion criteria. Of these: 52 were cross-sectional descriptive quantitative 30 were cross-sectional descriptive qualitative 27 were prospective descriptive quantitative 2 were prospective descriptive qualitative 18 assessed interventions 79 presented instrument validation. Publications increased eightfold from 1999 to 2012. Most studies included patients (n = 195) with 11 articles focusing on caregivers and two on patient-caregiver dyads. The most common cancer studied was breast cancer. The psycho-oncology research effort in China is dramatically increasing. A focus on culturally relevant approaches to underpin the evaluation of empirically derived interventions is warranted as is direction of efforts to other cancers such as lung and prostate.
Anticipatory pleasure for future rewards is attenuated in patients with schizophrenia but not in individuals with schizotypal traits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2018.12.003
Abstract: The anhedonia paradox is consistently observed in in iduals with schizophrenia. However, the underlying mechanism of the dissociation between trait and state hedonic capacity remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to re-examine anhedonia in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and in iduals with high schizotypy (HS) using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task to assess different dimensions of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. We recruited 44 SCZ patients, 46 matched healthy controls (HC), 30 in iduals with HS and 35 with low schizotypy (LS). The modified MID task was used to measure anticipatory and consummatory pleasure in terms of valence and arousal ratings. To measure the predictive value of anticipatory pleasure, participants were asked to predict their hedonic experience before the MID task. For SCZ patients, there was no significant Group main effect or Group × Prize interaction on consummatory pleasantness to reward received or loss avoidance. As expected, SCZ patients (particularly male patients) reported less pleasantness and arousal to future rewards in both the prediction and feeling dimensions compared with HC. Additionally, male patients reported less anticipatory and consummatory negativity than HC. In iduals with HS predicted more arousing experience to high-rewards than LS in iduals. They also reported and predicted more negativity to in-the-moment and future monetary losses. Further, the negative dimension of schizotypy predicted low levels of pleasantness and arousal towards future rewards, but the positive dimension predicted increased arousing experience towards future rewards. In conclusion, the anhedonia paradox in schizophrenia could be partially accounted for by the dissociation between anticipatory and consummatory pleasure.
Smoking in australian university students and its association with socio-demographic factors, stress, health status, coping strategies, and attitude
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 22-02-2011
DOI: 10.1108/09654281111108535
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of smoking amongst university students in Brisbane, Australia and associated risk factors. A cross‐sectional design was used for the study. A s le of 2,414 university students aged 18‐30 was examined to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use. Smoking was measured by means of an online survey that inquired about current tobacco use, socio‐demographic characteristics, self‐rated physical and mental health status and attitudes toward smoking. The prevalence of tobacco use was 24.9 per cent among male students, 16.6 per cent among female students and 18.8 per cent overall. Low to medium level stress is a strong predictor of smoking in male students. Age and income are significantly related to smoking in female students. For both male and female students, disengagement coping strategies to deal with stressors, feeling not bothered by exposure to smoking, and knowledge of the effect of smoking on health were found to be independently related to smoking. Factors associated with an increased probability of tobacco smoking were: stress in male students, disengagement coping strategies and holding approval attitudes toward smoking, acceptance of exposure to smoking, and poor knowledge of the effect of smoking on health in both male and female students. It is recommended that active coping strategies, such as exercise and social participation, are the most effective ways of enabling students to cope with smoking cessation and other stressors. Future initiatives may need to focus on increasing the environmental supports to assist students to actively cope with life stressors, In addition, the implementation of health education programmes, which are designed to modify behaviour via a change in attitudes and beliefs in university, should be examined. The association between cigarette smoking and morbidity and quality of life among university students is not well documented in Australia. The contribution of this paper is to increase understanding of the association between smoking and life stressors, coping strategies, attitudes and knowledge about the effects of smoking on health in Australia university students.
Self-reported prospective memory after stroke
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2020
Association of Demographic Characteristics, Symptomatology, Retrospective and Prospective Memory, Executive Functioning and Intelligence with Social Functioning in Schizophrenia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.3109/00048674.2010.514854
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors and neurocognitive variables (i.e. prospective and retrospective memory, executive functioning, and intelligence) on social functioning in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Methods: The study s le comprised 110 Chinese schizophrenia patients. Their clinical condition and social functioning were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Functional Needs Assessment (FNA), respectively. Three prospective memory (PM) tasks (time-, event-, and activity-based), three tests of executive functioning (the Design Fluency Test [DFT], Tower of London [TOL], and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]), one test of intelligence (Raven's Progressive Matrices), and two retrospective memory (RM) tasks (the immediate and delayed recall conditions of the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised [WMS-R]) were administered to all patients. Results: In correlation analyses higher education and better performance on the WCST (categories completed) and the Logical Memory subtests (delayed and immediate) of the WMS-R are significantly correlated with better social functioning, whereas a lower WCST score (perseverative errors) and more severe negative symptoms are associated with poorer social functioning. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that higher education and a lower WCST score (perseverative errors) independently contribute to better social functioning. Conclusions: Unexpectedly, most socio-demographic and clinical factors do not seem to have a significant impact on social functioning of Chinese schizophrenia patients living in a Chinese society. Negative symptoms and certain cognitive deficits were the main predictors of social functioning and they should be the main targets for antipsychotic treatment and psychosocial interventions to improve social adjustment in Chinese schizophrenia patients.
Evaluation of a telehealth psychological support intervention for people with primary brain tumour and their family members: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13132
Abstract: There is a lack of research on interventions that address the specific psychosocial needs of people with brain tumour and their families. This paper describes the protocol for a pragmatic randomised control trial (RCT) evaluating the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the Making Sense of Brain Tumour program delivered via telehealth (Tele-MAST) relative to standard care. The 148 adults with primary brain tumour will be randomly allocated to the 10-session Tele-MAST videoconferencing program or standard care from a cancer counselling service. The primary outcome is level of depression and secondary outcomes are quality of life, mental health and incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year. The mental health and quality of life of family members will also be assessed. Assessments will be conducted at pre-intervention, post-intervention (primary endpoint), 6-weeks post-intervention and 6-months post-intervention. The main analysis will determine whether the Tele-MAST intervention is more effective than standard care at post-intervention, and whether these effects are sustained at follow-up. Results will indicate whether the Tele-MAST program is associated with better clinical outcomes and is more cost-effective than existing cancer support services. Such outcomes will contribute to effective and accessible psychosocial care for the brain tumour population.
The effect and mechanisms of implementation intentions on prospective memory in individuals with and without schizotypal personality features
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2013.792841
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to do something at a future time. Studies have shown that implementation intention can improve PM performance. The present study aimed to examine the effect and mechanism of implementation intention on PM in in iduals prone for schizotypal personality disorder (SPD proneness) in a laboratory condition. A total of 51 participants with SPD proneness and 51 controls were administered a PM task. They were further randomly assigned to an implementation intention condition and a typical instruction condition. All participants completed the PM task with low and high cognitive load conditions. The results showed that implementation intention improved PM performances in both SPD prone and control groups, indicating that implementation intention was an effective strategy for improving PM performance. However, the mechanisms were different for the two groups. For controls, implementation intention did not affect their cognitive resources allocation strategy. Participants with SPD proneness allocated significantly more cognitive resources to the PM task in the implementation intention condition.
Tabletop computer game mechanics for group rehabilitation of individuals with brain injury
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2014
Levels of physical activity and sleep patterns among older people with dementia living in long-term care facilities: A 24-h snapshot
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2017.05.015
Abstract: To objectively measure over a 24-h period the daytime and nighttime levels of physical activity and sleep patterns of older people with dementia living in long-term care facilities. Nested within a larger research program, this cross-sectional study involved 415 residents, aged ≥60 years, with a documented diagnosis of dementia, from 28 long-term care facilities in south-east Queensland, Australia. Residents wore SenseWear From a total of 415 residents monitored with the SenseWear These data can be used by long-term care clinicians to assist in planning interventions and care approaches which promote physical activity and good sleep practices, and are in idualized to physical and cognitive capabilities. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000508673).
Associations of Passive and Active Screen Time With Psychosomatic Complaints of Adolescents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Do Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Elderly People show Similar Patterns of Prospective Memory Performance?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-07-2010
Abstract: Schizophrenia and normal aging have both been associated with structural and physiological changes in the prefrontal and temporal cortex and impairments in prospective memory (PM). This study aimed to compare PM performance in patients with schizophrenia, healthy older, and healthy younger in iduals. Computerized event- and time-based PM tasks were administered to 30 patients with schizophrenia, 30 healthy older adults, and 30 healthy younger adults. The healthy older adults and patients with schizophrenia demonstrated deficits in time-based PM when compared with the healthy younger adults. However, only healthy older adults were found to be impaired in event-based PM when compared with the healthy younger adults. These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia show a similar pattern of performance on one type but not another type of PM and provide only partial support for the accelerated aging hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Effect of a robotic seal on the motor activity and sleep patterns of older people with dementia, as measured by wearable technology: A cluster-randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2018.01.007
Abstract: The robotic seal, PARO, has been used as an alternative to animal-assisted therapies with residents with dementia in long-term care, yet understanding of its efficacy is limited by a paucity of research. We explored the effects of PARO on motor activity and sleep patterns, as measured by a wearable triaxial accelerometer. Cluster-randomised controlled trial, involving 28 facilities in Queensland, Australia. Nine facilities were randomised to the PARO group (in idual, non-facilitated, 15-min sessions three afternoons per week for 10 weeks), 10 to a plush toy (PARO with robotic features disabled) and nine to usual care. Changes in day- and nighttime motor activity and sleep after the 10-week intervention, as measured by SenseWear After 10 weeks, the PARO group showed a greater reduction in daytime step count than usual care (p = 0.023), and in nighttime step count (p = 0.028) and daytime physical activity (p = 0.026) compared with the plush toy group. At post-intervention, the PARO group showed a greater reduction in daytime step count than the plush toy group (p = 0.028), and at nighttime compared with both the plush toy group (p = 0.019) and the usual-care group (p = 0.046). The PARO group also had a greater reduction in nighttime physical activity than the usual-care group (p = 0.015). PARO may have some effect on motor activity of older people with dementia in long-term care, but not on sleep patterns. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000508673).
Cool and hot executive functions in medication-naive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711000869
Abstract: This study aimed to compare ‘cool’ [working memory (WM) and response inhibition] and ‘hot’ (delay aversion) executive functions (EFs) in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 100 ADHD children (45 with family history of ADHD and 55 with no family history) and 100 healthy controls, all medication free, were tested on tasks related to the ‘hot’ (i.e. two choice-delay tasks) and ‘cool’ domains of EF (i.e. Digits backward, Corsi Block Task backward, Go/No-Go Task, Stop-Signal Task, and the Stroop). Compared with the controls, children with ADHD were found to perform significantly worse on one or more measures of response inhibition, WM, and delay aversion after controlling for co-morbidities and estimated IQ. In addition, comparisons between ADHD children with family history of ADHD and those with no family history found significant differences on measures of response inhibition and WM but not delay aversion. These results are largely supported by results of two logistic regressions. ADHD was found to be associated with deficits on both cool and hot EFs. There is also evidence to suggest that cool EFs impairment is related to a family history of ADHD. Findings of this study have helped to elucidate the nature and extent of EF deficits in children with ADHD.
Development of a tailored intervention to implement an Intensive and Comprehensive Aphasia Program (ICAP) into Australian health services
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-06-2022
Academics’ conceptions of research and the research-teaching nexus: Insights from Cambodia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Anhedonia is associated with blunted reward sensitivity in first-degree relatives of patients with major depression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Web‐based cognitive rehabilitation for survivors of adult cancer: A randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-02-2018
DOI: 10.1002/PON.4615
Abstract: Cognitive dysfunction associated with cancer is frequently reported and can reduce quality of life. This study evaluated a Web-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy program (eReCog) in cancer survivors compared with a waitlist control group. Adult cancer survivors with self-reported cognitive symptoms who had completed primary treatment at least 6 months prior were recruited. Participants completed telephone screening and were randomly allocated to the 4-week online intervention or waitlist. Primary outcome was perceived cognitive impairment assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function version 3. Secondary outcomes were additional measures of subjective cognitive functioning, objective cognitive functioning, and psychosocial variables. Seventy-six women were allocated to the intervention (n = 40) or waitlist (n = 36). A significant interaction was found on the instrumental activities of daily living measure of self-reported prospective memory whereby the intervention group reported a greater reduction in prospective memory failures than the waitlist group. Interaction trends were noted on perceived cognitive impairments (P = .089) and executive functioning (P = .074). No significant interactions were observed on other measures of objective cognitive functioning or psychosocial variables. The Web-based intervention shows promise for improving self-reported cognitive functioning in adult cancer survivors. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms by which the intervention might contribute to improved self-reported cognition.
Facial emotion processing in patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2011.10.019
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia show abnormalities in brain activation when processing emotional faces. However, very few studies have examined if such abnormalities are also found in non-western patient s les and in at-risk in iduals. The current study explored whether patients with schizophrenia and siblings of patients in China would show abnormal brain activation during processing of emotional faces. Thirty-six participants (three groups of twelve each of patients with schizophrenia, nonpsychotic siblings, and healthy controls) took part in the study. They were administered a task to judge emotional valence of three types of faces (viz., happy, fearful, and neutral), during fMRI scanning. Results of this study demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia showed abnormalities in the social brain neural circuit during facial emotion processing, in comparison with nonpsychotic siblings and healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated lower activation right superior and middle frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus and left insula in comparison with healthy controls and showed abnormal activation in bilateral inferior and middle frontal gyri, right orbital frontal gyrus, left superior and middle temporal gyrus, bilateral insula, and right superior parietal gyrus ostcentral gyrus when compared with their nonpyschotic siblings. Meanwhile, patients with schizophrenia showed greater activation in left middle frontal gyrus than healthy controls, and overactivation in bilateral middle frontal gyri, right orbital frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus than their nonpsychotic siblings during processing of fearful faces. Moreover, nonpsychotic siblings seemed to share some similar dysfunctions in processing facial expressions as their psychotic probands, the two groups both showed abnormal activation in precentral and superior frontal gyri, and such abnormal activation lied between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The current findings support the universality of emotion perception impairments in schizophrenia, and also suggest that facial emotion perception might be a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia.
Associations between adolescent sleep difficulties and active versus passive screen time across 38 countries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2022.09.137
Abstract: High screen use has been adversely linked with mental wellbeing however, little is known about how active versus passive screen time are associated with sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents. We analysed data from 38 European and North American countries that participated in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Difficulties in falling sleep were assessed using a self-reported item with a 5-point Likert scale, and then dichotomised. Participants reported h/day of discretional time spent watching television, electronic gaming, and computer use. Of the 195,668 participants (M Cross-sectional analyses cannot establish causality of the associations. Higher levels of recreational screen use of any type were associated with sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents with adverse effects being more prevalent in active than passive screen time. Prospective research with objective measures is warranted to understand causality of these relationships.
A meta-analysis of cognitive impairment and decline associated with adjuvant chemotherapy in women with breast cancer
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-03-2015
The nature of prospective memory deficit in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2015.09.041
Abstract: We comprehensively examined prospective memory (PM) performance in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and explored the cognitive and psychopathological correlates of PM in this clinical population. Fifty-eight OCD patients and 58 healthy controls were assessed with computer-based PM tasks and related neurocognitive functions, and the participants also reported frequency of PM failures and compulsive behaviours in daily life. OCD patients had intact activity-based PM performance but had lower accuracy in time-based PM and longer reaction time to event-based PM cues compared to healthy controls. Among the neurocognitive functions, both the WCST (perseverative error) and the letter number span correlated with time-based PM. OCD patients reported similar number of PM failures in daily life as controls, which correlated with their intact event-based PM performance, suggesting a generally good insight into their PM functions. Neither clinician-assessed nor self-reported OCD symptoms correlated with PM performance. This study indicates that PM impairment tends to vary with the PM cue types in OCD patients. In addition, certain executive functions (i.e., mental shifting and updating) may contribute to time-based PM impairment in patients with OCD.
Assessment of prospective memory after stroke utilizing virtual reality
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10055-021-00576-5
Abstract: Prospective Memory (PM) is the ability to remember to do something in the future. It is often impaired after stroke and can impact on an in idual’s level of independence and daily functioning. PM tasks have been criticized for their lack of ecological validity wherein test results may not be related to actual performance in daily life. With ecological validity in mind, the Virtual Reality Prospective Memory Shopping Task (VRPMST) was designed to assess two types of PM, time- and event-based. This study aimed to examine the ecological and convergent validity of the VRPMST in comparison to an experimental (Lexical Decision PM Task) and clinical measure of PM (Cambridge PM Test). Twelve in iduals with stroke and 12 controls were administered three PM measures, three neuropsychological measures, and two user-friendliness questionnaires, one for the experimental PM measure and one for the VRPMST. In iduals with stroke showed impairments in PM compared to controls on all three PM measures, particularly time-based PM. In iduals with stroke were found to monitor time significantly less than controls on both the experimental PM measure and the VRPMST. The VRPMST was found to be sensitive in measuring PM, have better ecological validity when compared to the experimental PM measure, and good convergent validity. The findings of this study have helped to clarify that PM impairment does exist after stroke, possibly due to a problem in strategic monitoring. In addition, we have demonstrated how VR technology can be used to design a measure of cognitive function commonly impaired after stroke.
Habitual and Low-Intensity Physical Activity in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1017/BRIMP.2016.9
Abstract: People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) undertake insufficient physical activity based on current guidelines. Recent work points to the benefits of increasing the amount of time spent in all non-sedentary physical activity. The current study sought to explore the potential benefits to community participation, as well as examine factors predictive, of engagement in ‘habitual’ and/or low-intensity physical activity. Seventy-four people with MS were compared to 67 healthy controls using the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI). Findings revealed differences in habitual activity level ( p .001), and low-intensity physical activity ( p .001), with people with MS having a lower level of engagement than healthy people. After controlling for the impact of MS on mobility, years since symptom onset, physical fatigue and reduced positive affect were the most significant predictors of engagement in ‘at least weekly’ low-intensity physical activity. Higher frequency of low-intensity physical activity was significantly associated with greater home, social and occupational participation (all p .05), and physical health status ( p .01), but not mental health status ( p = .964) in people with MS. Results suggest that improving habitual activity level and engagement in low-intensity physical activity may be of benefit for people with MS.
Neuropsychological assessment of individuals with brain tumor: Comparison of approaches used in the classification of impairment
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 11-03-2015
Does Cognitive Impairment and Agitation in Dementia Influence Intervention Effectiveness? Findings From a Cluster-Randomized-Controlled Trial With the Therapeutic Robot, PARO
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2018.02.014
Abstract: To explore whether severity of cognitive impairment and agitation of older people with dementia predict outcomes in engagement, mood states, and agitation after a 10-week intervention with the robotic seal, PARO. Data from the PARO intervention-arm of a cluster-randomized controlled trial was used, which involved in idual, nonfacilitated, 15-minute sessions with PARO 3 afternoons per week for 10 weeks. One hundred thirty-eight residents-aged ≥60 years, with dementia-from 9 long-term care facilities. A series of stepwise multiple linear regressions were conducted. Dependent variables were participants' levels of engagement, mood states, and agitation at week 10 [assessed by video observation and Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory-Short Form (CMAI-SF)]. Predictor variables were baseline levels of cognitive impairment [assessed by Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS)] and agitation (CMAI-SF). Five models were produced. The strongest finding was that participants with more severe agitation at baseline had higher levels of agitation at week 10 (R Participants with severe agitation had poor response to PARO. Lower levels of agitation and higher cognitive functioning were associated with better responses. In clinical practice, we recommend PARO should be restricted to people with low-moderate severity of agitation. Further research is needed to determine the optimal participant characteristics for response to PARO.
Do People With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Benefit From Making Errors? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Error-Based and Errorless Learning
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-11-2017
Abstract: Background. Errorless learning (ELL) and error-based learning (EBL) are commonly used approaches to rehabilitation for people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it is unknown whether making errors is beneficial in the learning process to promote skills generalization after severe TBI. Objective. To compare the efficacy of ELL and EBL for improving skills generalization, self-awareness, behavioral competency, and psychosocial functioning after severe TBI. Method. A total of 54 adults (79% male mean age = 38.0 years, SD = 13.4) with severe TBI were randomly allocated to ELL or EBL and received 8 × 1.5-hour therapy sessions that involved meal preparation and other goal-directed activities. The primary outcome was total errors on the Cooking Task (near-transfer). Secondary outcome measures included the Zoo Map Test (far-transfer), Awareness Questionnaire, Patient Competency Rating Scale, Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale, and Care and Needs Scale. Results. Controlling for baseline performance and years of education, participants in the EBL group made significantly fewer errors at postintervention (mean = 36.25 95% CI = 32.5-40.0) than ELL participants (mean = 42.57 95% CI = 38.8-46.3). EBL participants also demonstrated greater self-awareness and behavioral competency at postintervention than ELL participants ( P .05). There were no significant differences on other secondary outcomes ( P .05), or at the 6-month follow-up assessment. Conclusion. EBL was found to be more effective than ELL for enhancing skills generalization on a task related to training and improving self-awareness and behavioral competency.
The development of picture cards and their use in ascertaining characteristics of Chinese surgical patients’ decision‐making preferences
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2006
A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11065-016-9336-Y
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by executive dysfunction, and working memory (WM) comprises one core component of executive function. Many studies have investigated WM impairments in in iduals with ASD, however, a conclusive agreement has not been reached. The present study provided a meta-analytic review of WM impairments in in iduals with ASD and evaluated potential moderating variables of this problem. Twenty-eight studies were included in this study, and the participants comprised 819 in iduals with ASD and 875 healthy controls. A significant WM impairment (Cohen's d = -0.61) was identified in the in iduals with ASD, however, this impairment was not associated with age. Results of moderation analyses showed that (a) spatial WM was more severely impaired than verbal WM and (b) the component of cognitive processing (maintenance vs. maintenance plus manipulation) did not affect the severity of WM impairments. These findings suggest that WM is impaired in in iduals with ASD and may have implications for interventions related to WM impairments in these in iduals.
A Chinese Chan-based Mind-Body Intervention Improves Memory of Older Adults
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-06-2017
Stability of prospective memory deficits in individuals with schizotypal personality traits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Interview study of the effects of paediatric traumatic brain injury on memory
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2004
Schizophrenia and prospective memory impairments: a review.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-11-2018
DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1406144
Abstract: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out intended actions in the future. Prospective forgetting has been shown to be one of the key cognitive impairments that contribute to medication non-adherence, reduced independence, and social dysfunction in in iduals with schizophrenia. This review aimed to provide an up to date appraisal of the nature and extent of PM impairments in in iduals with schizophrenia and those who are at risk and to discuss clinical applications in this area. We searched and reviewed relevant studies in this area between 2013 and August 2017. Findings of studies conducted so far indicate that PM is severely impaired in schizophrenia. The most frequent type of PM errors in in iduals with schizophrenia is no response, or failure to carry out the intended action. PM impairments in schizophrenia have been found to be related to everyday functioning. For in iduals with schizophrenia, a number of assessment techniques have been developed to assess PM. These include: self-report questionnaires, computerized tasks, psychometric test batteries, and virtual reality tasks. So far, a few studies have used the compensatory approach to improve PM performance in in iduals with schizophrenia and those who are at risk, and the results reported are promising. Based on findings of these studies, suggestions for the development of interventions for PM impairments in in iduals with schizophrenia are provided. PM dysfunction is an important impairment in in iduals with schizophrenia, and more rehabilitation studies to improve PM performance in these in iduals are needed.
Prefrontal cortex connectivity dysfunction in performing the Fist-Edge-Palm task in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and non-psychotic first-degree relatives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
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