ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6896-4613
Current Organisation
University of Reading
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2001
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-12-2012
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.12054
Abstract: Climate change is leading to the development of land-based mitigation and adaptation strategies that are likely to have substantial impacts on global bio ersity. Of these, approaches to maintain carbon within existing natural ecosystems could have particularly large benefits for bio ersity. However, the geographical distributions of terrestrial carbon stocks and bio ersity differ. Using conservation planning analyses for the New World and Britain, we conclude that a carbon-only strategy would not be effective at conserving bio ersity, as have previous studies. Nonetheless, we find that a combined carbon-bio ersity strategy could simultaneously protect 90% of carbon stocks (relative to a carbon-only conservation strategy) and > 90% of the bio ersity (relative to a bio ersity-only strategy) in both regions. This combined approach encapsulates the principle of complementarity, whereby locations that contain different sets of species are prioritised, and hence disproportionately safeguard localised species that are not protected effectively by carbon-only strategies. It is efficient because localised species are concentrated into small parts of the terrestrial land surface, whereas carbon is somewhat more evenly distributed and carbon stocks protected in one location are equivalent to those protected elsewhere. Efficient compromises can only be achieved when bio ersity and carbon are incorporated together within a spatial planning process.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.14623
Abstract: The maximum photosynthetic carboxylation rate ( V cmax ) is an influential plant trait that has multiple scaling hypotheses, which is a source of uncertainty in predictive understanding of global gross primary production ( GPP ). Four trait‐scaling hypotheses (plant functional type, nutrient limitation, environmental filtering, and plant plasticity) with nine specific implementations were used to predict global V cmax distributions and their impact on global GPP in the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ( SDGVM ). Global GPP varied from 108.1 to 128.2 PgC yr −1 , 65% of the range of a recent model intercomparison of global GPP . The variation in GPP propagated through to a 27% coefficient of variation in net biome productivity ( NBP ). All hypotheses produced global GPP that was highly correlated ( r = 0.85–0.91) with three proxies of global GPP . Plant functional type‐based nutrient limitation, underpinned by a core SDGVM hypothesis that plant nitrogen (N) status is inversely related to increasing costs of N acquisition with increasing soil carbon, adequately reproduced global GPP distributions. Further improvement could be achieved with accurate representation of water sensitivity and agriculture in SDGVM . Mismatch between environmental filtering (the most data‐driven hypothesis) and GPP suggested that greater effort is needed understand V cmax variation in the field, particularly in northern latitudes.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-04-2016
DOI: 10.3390/RS8040314
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Tristan Quaife.