ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9749-7898
Current Organisation
Samuel Merritt University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINBIOMECH.2004.12.005
Abstract: Conservative treatment for osteoarthritis often involves educating the patient in methods of decreasing the load transmitted through the diseased joint. The use of a cane is one such method and the correct placement of the cane with respect to an abnormal knee joint is crucial. The purpose of this study was to compare effects on knee moments of force of contralateral versus ipsilateral cane usage in female subjects with osteoarthritic knees. A convenience s le of 14 subjects volunteered for this study. Subjects walked over force platforms while ground reaction force and three-dimensional kinematic data were captured using a Vicon 370 System. The subjects were tested walking: (a) unaided, (b) with ipsilateral cane, and (c) with contralateral cane. Inverse dynamics were employed to calculate temporal-spatial, kinematic and kinetic variables. Dependent variables included hip and knee frontal plane and sagittal plane moments of force, walking speed, cadence and stride length. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed differences among walking conditions. Subjects walked significantly faster in the unaided gait condition owing to a higher cadence. Ipsilateral cane use resulted in significantly larger hip (versus contralateral P=0.018 versus unaided P=0.036) and knee (versus contralateral P=0.043 versus unaided P=0.030) frontal plane peak moments during gait. Contralateral cane placement was associated with the smallest peak knee abductor (P=<0.001) and flexor (P=<0.001) moments. Knee deformity (varus or valgus) did not have any significant effect on any variable possibly due to small s le size. The results suggest that as is the case for the hip contralateral cane placement is the most efficacious for persons with knee osteoarthritis. In fact, no cane use may be preferable to ipsilateral cane usage as the latter resulted in the highest knee moments of force, a situation which may exacerbate pain and deformity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1996
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9993(96)90134-3
Abstract: To compare pendulum test data obtained using an electrogoniometer with data obtained by videotape. The issue of video digitization error was also addressed. The study compared pendulum test relaxation indices determined from data simultaneously collected using (1) a video (VID) camera and (2) an electrogonimeter (EG). A spinal cord injury rehabilitation center. Three persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibiting mild, moderate, and severe spasticity, respectively, and a fourth, non-SCI subject. Relaxation index as a descriptor of lower limb muscle spasticity measured using the pendulum test. Multiple-digitization of VID data did not affect the reliability of this technique. It was noted that reflective markers located on body landmarks resulted in more reliable data as opposed to markers placed on the EG. Both EG and VID data were accurate and reliable. In the VID method, using one digitization by a single operator is sufficient. The appropriate placement of light reflector markers are on body points. EG and VID are both reliable, highly correlated, and interchangeable in measuring spasticity using the pendulum test.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2000
Abstract: To quantify the relationship between therapist-applied velocity of passive movement during a manual muscle test of muscle tone and the level of muscle tone represented by the relaxation index of the pendulum test. Comparison of therapist-applied passive limb movement velocity during a manual muscle test with the same subject's level of muscle tone measured by the pendulum test. Three different therapists tested each subject. The relation between the velocity scores and pendulum test scores both intratherapist and intertherapist were assessed statistically by means of analysis of variance and correlation coefficients. A university-affiliated tertiary care outpatient and inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation center. Twenty-two volunteer subjects with spinal cord injuries. Passive knee angular displacement data were collected during both manual knee muscle testing and pendulum tests by using an electrogoniometer. The therapists produced significantly different movement velocities during the manual muscle tests (p < .05). A significant correlation (p < .001) was found between pendulum test scores and passive velocities, indicating that in higher levels of muscle tone, the greater stretch reflex present provided greater resistance against the therapist force and subsequently decreased the velocity of the passive stretching. Measurement of average velocity during passive stretching by itself can be used to evaluate muscle tone.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINBIOMECH.2004.11.006
Abstract: Impairments in balance performance are a commonly accepted risk factor for falling in older people. Since there is a higher reported incidence of falling in women, it is of interest to test whether this correlates with poorer balance performance in women than men at the time of retirement in order to plan health promotional strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether any gender differences exist in balance performance in people approaching retirement age. Ninety-seven healthy volunteers (44 males, 53 females) planning to retire shortly were enrolled in the study (age range 50-67 years). Balance assessments during quiet standing were performed under various conditions feet together eyes open, feet together eyes closed and single limb stance eyes open. The range of centre of pressure displacement in both the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral planes was collected for each task using a force platform. For several of the balance tasks the men exhibited a statistically significant larger range of centre of pressure displacement than the women (P<0.01). However, after normalising the data for height, no gender differences were seen. Over half of the group failed to complete all three single limb stance trials on both limbs. When the data was normalised for height, no differences were found in static balance performance between men and women of retirement age. A number of participants demonstrated balance impairments whilst performing the single limb stance likely to affect functional activities. Health promotional messages should be targeted equally at men and women.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2002
DOI: 10.1097/00002060-200203000-00008
Abstract: To develop a new form of the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) for muscle-tone assessment that combines the MAS score with the passive muscle-stretching velocity during the assessment of muscle tone, resulting in a measure that has higher intertester reliability than the MAS. Twenty-two volunteer subjects with spinal cord injuries at a tertiary care outpatient and inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation center affiliated with a university were recruited for this study. A decision tree in which V-MAS scores were obtained was developed. The data obtained from three independent raters, when adjusted by means of the V-MAS, showed an excellent interrater reliability. Results indicated that the V-MAS is a more reliable measure. In addition, the resulting units of the V-MAS, ranging from 0 to 1, are of the same form as pendulum test data. The V-MAS method is quite simple to use because the rater need only measure the angular range and duration of the passive movement to calculate average velocity during the MAS assessment in addition to the normal MAS rating of muscle tone.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90188-0
Abstract: To test the long-term benefits of several noninvasive systems for functional electrical stimulation (FES) during walking. Forty subjects (average years since injury, 5.4) were studied in four centers for an average time of 1 year. Gait parameters were tested for all subjects with and without FES. Thus, subjects served as their own controls, since the specific effect of using FES could be separated from improvements resulting from other factors (e.g., training). Subjects used the devices in the community, but were tested in a university or hospital setting. Subjects with spinal cord injury (n = 31) were compared to subjects with cerebral damage (n = 9). Gait parameters (speed, cycle time, stride length). Acceptance was studied by means of a questionnaire. Some initial improvement in walking speed (average increase of >20%) occurred, and continuing gains were seen (average total improvement, 45%). The largest relative gains were seen in the slowest walkers (speeds of <0.3 m/sec). Acceptance of the FES systems was good and improved systems have been developed using feedback from the subjects. Based on the improvements in speed and the acceptance of these FES systems, a greatly increased role for FES in treating gait disorders is suggested.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2019.102880
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to quantify biomechanical and cardiovascular exposure while making beds with and without interventions (mattress lift tool and fitted sheet). Sixteen female hotel room cleaners participated in this multifactorial (tool and sheet) laboratory study of crossover design. Exertion in the upper extremity (<2) and back (<3) was consistently lower when using the tool and fitted sheet (p < 0.05). The average number of lifts per bed was reduced by 48% with an 18 s increase in cycle time per bed. Peak forearm flexor activity was significantly lower when using a tool(p < 0.05). Spinal lateral plane range of motion (p < 0.02) and maximum twisting velocity (p < 0.03) were lowest using the tool and fitted sheet together. Interventions such as a mattress lift tool used with a fitted sheet reduced the number of mattress lifts and lowered perceived exertion among hotel room cleaners while making beds.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Andrew Smith.