ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2815-0812
Current Organisation
University of Nottingham
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-51402-7
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-09-2017
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERX300
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-08-2014
Abstract: Root branching is critical for plants to secure anchorage and ensure the supply of water, minerals, and nutrients. To date, research on root branching has focused on lateral root development in young seedlings. However, many other programs of postembryonic root organogenesis exist in angiosperms. In cereal crops, the majority of the mature root system is composed of several classes of adventitious roots that include crown roots and brace roots. In this Update, we initially describe the ersity of postembryonic root forms. Next, we review recent advances in our understanding of the genes, signals, and mechanisms regulating lateral root and adventitious root branching in the plant models Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa). While many common signals, regulatory components, and mechanisms have been identified that control the initiation, morphogenesis, and emergence of new lateral and adventitious root organs, much more remains to be done. We conclude by discussing the challenges and opportunities facing root branching research.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13007-019-0485-X
Abstract: As yields of major crops such as wheat ( T. aestivum ) have begun to plateau in recent years, there is growing pressure to efficiently phenotype large populations for traits associated with genetic advancement in yield. Photosynthesis encompasses a range of steady state and dynamic traits that are key targets for raising Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE), biomass production and grain yield in crops. Traditional methodologies to assess the full range of responses of photosynthesis, such a leaf gas exchange, are slow and limited to one leaf (or part of a leaf) per instrument. Due to constraints imposed by time, equipment and plant size, photosynthetic data is often collected at one or two phenological stages and in response to limited environmental conditions. Here we describe a high throughput procedure utilising chlorophyll fluorescence imaging to phenotype dynamic photosynthesis and photoprotection in excised leaves under controlled gaseous conditions. When measured throughout the day, no significant differences ( P 0.081) were observed between the responses of excised and intact leaves. Using excised leaves, the response of three cultivars of T. aestivum to a user—defined dynamic lighting regime was examined. Cultivar specific differences were observed for maximum PSII efficiency ( F v ′/ F m ′— P 0.01) and PSII operating efficiency ( F q ′/ F m ′— P = 0.04) under both low and high light. In addition, the rate of induction and relaxation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was also cultivar specific. A specialised imaging chamber was designed and built in-house to maintain gaseous conditions around excised leaf sections. The purpose of this is to manipulate electron sinks such as photorespiration. The stability of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) was monitored inside the chambers and found to be within ± 4.5% and ± 1% of the mean respectively. To test the chamber, T. aestivum ‘Pavon76’ leaf sections were measured under at 20 and 200 mmol mol −1 O 2 and ambient [CO 2 ] during a light response curve. The F v ′/ F m ′was significantly higher ( P 0.05) under low [O 2 ] for the majority of light intensities while values of NPQ and the proportion of open PSII reaction centers (qP) were significantly lower under 130 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Here we demonstrate the development of a high-throughput ( 500 s les day −1 ) method for phenotyping photosynthetic and photo-protective parameters in a dynamic light environment. The technique exploits chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in a specifically designed chamber, enabling controlled gaseous environment around leaf sections. In addition, we have demonstrated that leaf sections do not different from intact plant material even 3 h after s ling, thus enabling transportation of material of interest from the field to this laboratory based platform. The methodologies described here allow rapid, custom screening of field material for variation in photosynthetic processes.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Jonathan Atkinson.