ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2244-6161
Current Organisation
Universidade de São Paulo
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Publisher: The Company of Biologists
Date: 15-01-2009
DOI: 10.1242/JEB.025296
Abstract: To examine the evolution of endurance-exercise behaviour, we have selectively bred four replicate lines of laboratory mice (Mus domesticus) for high voluntary wheel running (`high runner' or HR lines),while also maintaining four non-selected control (C) lines. By generation 16,HR mice ran ∼2.7-fold more than C mice, mainly by running faster(especially in females), a differential maintained through subsequent generations, suggesting an evolutionary limit of unknown origin. We hypothesized that HR mice would have higher glycogen levels before nightly running, show greater depletion of those depots during their more intense wheel running, and have increased glycogen synthase activity and GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle. We s led females from generation 35 at three times (photophase 07:00 h–19:00 h) during days 5–6 of wheel access, as in the routine selection protocol: Group 1, day 5, 16:00 h–17:30 h, wheels blocked from 13:00 h Group 2, day 6, 02:00 h–03:30 h (immediately after peak running) and Group 3, day 6, 07:00 h–08:30 h. An additional Group 4, s led 16:00 h–17:30 h, never had wheels. HR in iduals with the mini-muscle phenotype (50% reduced hindlimb muscle mass) were distinguished for statistical analyses comparing C,HR normal, and HR mini. HR mini ran more than HR normal, and at higher speeds,which might explain why they have been favored by the selective-breeding protocol. Plasma glucose was higher in Group 1 than in Group 4, indicating a training effect (phenotypic plasticity). Without wheels, no differences in gastrocnemius GLUT-4 were observed. After 5 days with wheels, all mice showed elevated GLUT-4, but HR normal and mini were 2.5-fold higher than C. At all times and irrespective of wheel access, HR mini showed approximately three-fold higher [glycogen] in gastrocnemius and altered glycogen synthase activity. HR mini also showed elevated glycogen in soleus when s led during peak running. All mice showed some glycogen depletion during nightly wheel running, in muscles and/or liver, but the magnitude of this depletion was not large and hence does not seem to be limiting to the evolution of even-higher wheel running.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1086/432149
Abstract: Frog jumping is an excellent model system for examining the structural basis of interin idual variation in burst locomotor performance. Some possible factors that affect jump performance, such as total body size, hindlimb length, muscle mass, and muscle mechanical and biochemical properties, were analysed at the interin idual (intraspecies) level in the tree frog Hyla multilineata. The aim of this study was to determine which of these physiological and anatomical variables both vary between in iduals and are correlated with interin idual variation in jump performance. The model produced via stepwise linear regression analysis of absolute data suggested that 62% of the interin idual variation in maximum jump distance could be explained by a combination of interin idual variation in absolute plantaris muscle mass, total hindlimb muscle mass (excluding plantaris muscle), and pyruvate kinase activity. When body length effects were removed, multiple regression indicated that the same independent variables explained 43% of the residual interin idual variation in jump distance. This suggests that in iduals with relatively large jumping muscles and high pyruvate kinase activity for their body size achieved comparatively large maximal jump distances for their body size.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JEB.13228
Abstract: The relationships between morphology, performance, behavior and ecology provide evidence for multiple and complex phenotypic adaptations. The anuran body plan, for ex le, is evolutionarily conserved and shows clear specializations to jumping performance back at least to the early Jurassic. However, there are instances of more recent adaptation to habit ersity in the post-cranial skeleton, including relative limb length. The present study tested adaptive models of morphological evolution in anurans associated with the ersity of microhabitat use (semi-aquatic arboreal, fossorial, torrent, and terrestrial) in species of anuran hibians from Brazil and Australia. We use phylogenetic comparative methods to determine which evolutionary models, including Brownian motion (BM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) are consistent with morphological variation observed across anuran species. Furthermore, this study investigated the relationship of maximum distance jumped as a function of components of morphological variables and microhabitat use. We found there are multiple optima of limb lengths associated to different microhabitats with a trend of increasing hindlimbs in torrent, arboreal, semi-aquatic whereas fossorial and terrestrial species evolve toward optima with shorter hindlimbs. Moreover, arboreal, semi-aquatic and torrent anurans have higher jumping performance and longer hindlimbs, when compared to terrestrial and fossorial species. We corroborate the hypothesis that evolutionary modifications of overall limb morphology have been important in the ersification of locomotor performance along the anuran phylogeny. Such evolutionary changes converged in different phylogenetic groups adapted to similar microhabitat use in two different zoogeographical regions.
No related grants have been discovered for Fernando Gomes.