ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1865-5182
Current Organisation
University of Sargodha
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Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Date: 22-06-2023
DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023V44N2P803
Abstract: : Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees (Chinese sprangletop) is a weed that is becoming a serious threat in upland and lowland rice. A field study was conducted at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan, during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of L. chinensis density on the yield of direct-seeded fine rice. Treatments comprised of L. chinensis densities of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 plants m-2, and the experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications of each treatment. The results suggest that the presence of L. chinensis significantly h ered the grain yield of direct-seeded rice. Weed infestation caused 63% and 69% yield losses where 25 L. chinensis plants m-2 were sustained in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Yield reduction was due to the reduction in 1000-grain weight (22.9 and 29.1%), number of tillers m-2 (65.8 and 60.0%), and number of grains panicle-1 (53.3 and 60%) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The highest weed infestation (25 plants m-2) produced the highest weed dry biomass (687 and 669 g m-2), N uptake (19.3 and 19.3 kg ha-1), P uptake (1.92 and 2.32 kg ha-1), and K uptake (20.53 and 20.27 kg ha-1) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The lowest weed infestation (5 plants m-2) produced minimum weed dry biomass (47 and 85 g m-2), N uptake (1.6 and 2.9), P uptake (0.3 and 0.5), and K uptake (1.7 and 30 kg ha-1) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The economic threshold of L. chinensis as estimated to cause 6.73% and 6.08% yield loss by the prediction model was 1.70 and 1.73 plants m-2 during 2018 and 2019, respectively. It can be concluded that L. chinensis is a serious weed in direct-seeded rice and it should be controlled when its density reaches 1.70-1.73 plants m-2 to avoid significant yield losses.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/FP19161
Abstract: In response to shading, plant leaves acclimate through a range of morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. Plants produce a myriad of structurally and functionally erse metabolites that play many important roles in plant response to continually changing environmental conditions as well as abiotic and biotic stresses. To develop a clearer understanding of the effects of shade on soybeans at different growth stages, a comprehensive, three-year, stage-wise study was conducted. Leaf area, leaf thickness, stem diameter, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic characteristics and other morphological and physiological features were measured along with biochemical assays for antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and caralase and yield attributes of different soybean genotypes (Guixia 2, Nandou12, Nandong Kang-22, E61 and C103) under shading nets with 50% light transmittance. It was observed that early shading (VER1 and VER2) significantly decreased main stem length and main stem length/stem diameter. Later shading (R1R8 and R2R8) had significant effects on morphological characters such as branch number and pod height. In Nandou 12, the protein contents in plants shaded at R1R8, R2R8 and R5R8 were 9.20, 8.98 and 6.23% higher than in plants grown under normal light levels (CK), respectively, and the crude fat content was 9.31, 10.74 and 4.28% lower. The influence of shading in the later period on anatomy was greater than that in the earlier period. Shading reduced the light saturation point (LSP), the light compensation point (LCP) and the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), and increased the apparent quantum yield (AQ). Shading also increased the antioxidant enzyme activity in the plants, and this increase was greater with early shading than late. The variability in the chlorophyll (a + b) content and the chlorophyll a/b ratio in R2 stage plants was less than in R5 stage (VER5) plants. Similarly, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in R2 after returning the plants to normal light levels (VER2) was lower than in R5 after relighting (VER5). Compared with later shading, the early shading had a greater effect on the photosynthetic and related characteristics. The longer the shading time, the greater the adverse effects and the less able the plants’ were to recover. The data collected in this study contribute to an understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the early and late growth stage acclimation strategies in different soybean genotypes subjected to shade stress.
No related grants have been discovered for Muhammad Ehsan Safdar.