ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5101-4010
Current Organisations
Victoria University
,
Boise State University
,
University of Melbourne
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2018
Abstract: Residents of more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to report poorer physical function, although the reasons for this remain unknown. It is possible that neighborhood-level perceptions of safety from crime contribute to this relationship through its association with walking for recreation. Data were obtained from the fourth wave (collected in 2013) of the HABITAT (How Areas in Brisbane Influence HealTh and AcTivity) multilevel longitudinal study of middle- to older-aged adults (46-74 y) residing in 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia. The data were analyzed separately for men (n = 2190) and women (n = 2977) using multilevel models. Residents of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods had poorer physical function, perceived their neighborhoods to be less safe from crime, and do less walking for recreation. These factors accounted for differences in physical function between disadvantaged and advantaged neighborhoods (24% for men and 25% for women). This study highlights the importance of contextual characteristics, through their associations with behaviors, that can have in explaining the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and physical function. Interventions aimed at improving neighborhood safety integrated with supportive environments for physical activity may have positive impact on physical function among all socioeconomic groups.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2016.05.007
Abstract: Understanding associations between physical function and neighborhood disadvantage may provide insights into which interventions might best contribute to reducing socioeconomic inequalities in health. This study examines associations between neighborhood-disadvantage, in idual-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and physical function from a multilevel perspective. Data were obtained from the HABITAT multilevel longitudinal (2007-13) study of middle-aged adults, using data from the fourth wave (2013). This investigation included 6004 residents (age 46-71years) of 535 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Physical function was measured using the PF-10 (0-100), with higher scores indicating better function. The data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression and were extended to test for cross-level interactions by including interaction terms for different combinations of SEP (education, occupation, household income) and neighborhood disadvantage on physical function. Residents of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods reported significantly lower physical function (men: β -11.36 95% CI -13.74, -8.99 women: β -11.41 95% CI -13.60, -9.22). These associations remained after adjustment for in idual-level SEP. In iduals with no post-school education, those permanently unable to work, and members of the lowest household income had significantly poorer physical function. Cross-level interactions suggested that the relationship between household income and physical function is different across levels of neighborhood disadvantage for men and for education and occupation for women. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood was negatively associated with physical function after adjustment for in idual-level SEP. These results may assist in the development of policy-relevant targeted interventions to delay the rate of physical function decline at a community-level.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPLACE.2016.04.012
Abstract: This study aims to determine if neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics contribute to inequalities in smoking among residents from neighbourhoods of differing socioeconomic disadvantage. This cross-sectional study includes 11,035 residents from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia in 2007. Self-reported measures were obtained for smoking and neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics (perceptions of incivilities, crime and safety, and social cohesion). Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage was measured using a census-derived index. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic regression random intercept models. Smoking was associated with neighbourhood disadvantage this relationship remained after adjustment for in idual-level socioeconomic position. Area-level perceptions of crime and safety and social cohesion were not independently associated with smoking, and did not explain the higher prevalence of smoking in disadvantaged areas however, perceptions of incivilities showed an independent effect. Some neighbourhood psychosocial characteristics seem to contribute to the higher rates of smoking in disadvantaged areas.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.14596
Abstract: Machine learning (ML) applications in Earth and environmental sciences (EES) have gained incredible momentum in recent years. However, these ML applications have largely evolved in ‘isolation’ from the mechanistic, process‐based modelling (PBM) paradigms, which have historically been the cornerstone of scientific discovery and policy support. In this perspective, we assert that the cultural barriers between the ML and PBM communities limit the potential of ML, and even its ‘hybridization’ with PBM, for EES applications. Fundamental, but often ignored, differences between ML and PBM are discussed as well as their strengths and weaknesses in light of three overarching modelling objectives in EES, (1) nowcasting and prediction, (2) scenario analysis, and (3) diagnostic learning. The paper ponders over a ‘coevolutionary’ approach to model building, shifting away from a borrowing to a co‐creation culture, to develop a generation of models that leverage the unique strengths of ML such as scalability to big data and high‐dimensional mapping, while remaining faithful to process‐based knowledge base and principles of model explainability and interpretability, and therefore, falsifiability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2016.06.034
Abstract: Limitations have arisen when measuring associations between the neighbourhood social environment and physical activity, including same-source bias, and the reliability of aggregated neighbourhood-level social environment measures. This study examines cross-sectional associations between the neighbourhood social environment (perceptions of incivilities, crime, and social cohesion) and self-reported physical activity, while accounting for same-source bias and reliability of neighbourhood-level exposure measures, using data from a large population-based clustered s le. This investigation included 11,035 residents aged 40-65years from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia, in 2007. Respondents self-reported their physical activity and perceptions of the social environment (neighbourhood incivilities, crime and safety, and social cohesion). Models were adjusted for in idual-level education, occupation, and household income, and neighbourhood disadvantage. Exposure measures were generated via split clusters and an empirical Bayes estimation procedure. Data were analysed in 2016 using multilevel multinomial logistic regression. Residents of neighbourhoods with the highest incivilities and crime, and lowest social cohesion were reference categories. In iduals were more likely to be in the higher physical activity categories if they were in neighbourhoods with the lowest incivilities and the lowest crime. No associations were found between social cohesion and physical activity. This study provides a basis from which to gain a clearer understanding of the relationship between the neighbourhood social environment and in idual physical activity. Further work is required to explore the pathways between perceptions of the neighbourhood social environment and physical activity.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-12-2020
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYAA175
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2014
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-08-2015
Abstract: Understanding how different socioeconomic indicators are associated with transport modes provide insight into which interventions might contribute to reducing socioeconomic inequalities in health. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between neighbourhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage, in idual-level socioeconomic position (SEP), and usual transport mode. This investigation included 11,036 residents from 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Respondents self-reported their usual transport mode (car or motorbike, public transport, walking or cycling). Indicators for in idual-level SEP were education, occupation and household income and neighbourhood disadvantage was measured using a census-derived index. Data were analysed using multilevel multinomial logistic regression. High SEP respondents and residents of the most advantaged neighbourhoods who used a private motor vehicle as their usual form of transport was the reference category. Compared with driving a motor vehicle, the odds of using public transport were higher for white collar employees (OR 1.68, 95% CrI 1.41-2.01), members of lower income households (OR 1.71 95% CrI 1.25-2.30) and residents of more disadvantaged neighbourhoods (OR 1.93, 95% CrI 1.46-2.54) and lower for respondents with a certificate-level education (OR 0.60, 95% CrI 0.49-0.74) and blue collar workers (OR 0.63, 95% CrI 0.50-0.81). The odds of walking for transport were higher for the least educated (OR 1.58, 95% CrI 1.18-2.11), those not in the labour force (OR 1.94, 95% CrI 1.38-2.72), members of lower income households (OR 2.10, 95% CrI 1.23-3.64) and residents of more disadvantaged neighbourhoods (OR 2.73, 95% CrI 1.46-5.24). The odds of cycling were lower among less educated groups (OR 0.31, 95% CrI 0.19-0.48). The relationships between socioeconomic characteristics and transport modes are complex, and provide challenges for those attempting to encourage active forms of transportation. Further work is required exploring the in idual-level and neighbourhood-level mechanisms behind choice of transport mode, and what factors might influence in iduals from different socioeconomic backgrounds to change to more active transport modes.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2018
Abstract: Background: There is growing urgency for higher quality evidence to inform policy. This study developed geographic information system spatial measures based on land use and transport policies currently used in selected Australian states to assess which, if any, of these measures were associated with walking for transport. Methods: Overall, 6901 participants from 570 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia, were included. Participants reported their minutes of walking for transport in the previous week. After a review of state-level land use and transport policies relevant to walking for transport across Australia, 7 geographic information system measures were developed and tested based on 9 relevant policies. Data were analyzed using multilevel multinomial logistic regression. Results: Greater levels of walking for transport were associated with more highly connected street networks, the presence of public transport stops, and having at least 2 public transport services per hour. Conversely, neighborhoods with shorter cul-de-sac lengths had lower levels of walking for transport. There was no evidence of associations between walking for transport and street block lengths less than 240 m or traffic volumes. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for urban design and transport policies developed by governments to be assessed for their impact on transport-related physical activity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-06-2019
Abstract: Within a city, gender differences in walking for recreation (WfR) vary significantly across neighbourhoods, although the reasons remain unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated the contribution of the social environment (SE) to explaining such variation, using 2009 data from the How Areas in Brisbane Influence healTh and AcTivity (HABITAT) study, including 7866 residents aged 42–67 years within 200 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia (72.6% response rate). The analytical s le comprised 200 neighbourhoods and 6643 participants (mean 33 per neighbourhood, range 8–99, 95% CI 30.6–35.8). Self-reported weekly minutes of WfR were categorised into 0 and 1–840 mins. The SE was conceptualised through neighbourhood-level perceptions of social cohesion, incivilities and safety from crime. Analyses included multilevel binomial logistic regression with gender as main predictor, adjusting for age, socioeconomic position, residential self-selection and neighbourhood disadvantage. On average, women walked more for recreation than men prior to adjustment for covariates. Gender differences in WfR varied significantly across neighbourhoods, and the magnitude of the variation for women was twice that of men. The SE did not explain neighbourhood differences in the gender–WfR relationship, nor the between-neighbourhood variation in WfR for men or women. Neighbourhood-level factors seem to influence the WfR of men and women differently, with women being more sensitive to their environment, although Brisbane’s SE did not seem such a factor.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2017.09.017
Abstract: Despite a body of evidence on the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and body mass index (BMI), few studies have examined this relationship over time among ageing populations. This study examined associations between level of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and the rate of change in BMI over time. The s le included 11,035 participants aged between 40 and 65years at baseline from the HABITAT study, residing in 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected biennially over four waves from 2007 to 2013. Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate BMI, while neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a census-based composite index. All models were adjusted for age, education, occupation, and household income. Analyses were conducted using multilevel linear regression models. BMI increased over time at a rate of 0.08kg/m
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-01-2018
DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWX390
Abstract: Natural experiments, such as longitudinal observational studies that follow-up residents as they relocate, provide a strong basis to infer causation between the neighborhood environment and health. In this study, we examined whether changes in the level of neighborhood disadvantage were associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) after residential relocation. This analysis included data from 928 residents who relocated between 2007 and 2013, across 4 waves of the How Areas in Brisbane Influence Health and Activity (HABITAT) study in Brisbane, Australia. Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a census-derived composite index. For in idual-level data, participants self-reported their height, weight, education, occupation, and household income. Data were analyzed using multilevel, hybrid linear models. Women residing in less disadvantaged neighborhoods had a lower BMI, but there was no association among men. Neighborhood disadvantage was not associated with within-in idual changes in BMI among men or women when moving to a new neighborhood. Despite a growing body of literature suggesting an association between neighborhood disadvantage and BMI, we found this association may not be causal among middle-aged and older adults. Observing associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and BMI over the life course, including the impact of residential relocation at younger ages, remains a priority for future research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 21-01-2016
Abstract: Background: Youth physical activity engagement is a key component of contemporary health promotion strategies. Parents have potential to influence the physical activity behaviours of their children. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between adolescent self-reported physical activity, parent physical activity and perceptions of parental influence as measured by the Children’s Physical Activity Correlates (CPAC) questionnaire. Methods: This investigation included a total of 146 adolescents and their parents. Self-reported measures of physical activity were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and International Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents and their parents respectively. Adolescent perceptions of parental role modelling, support, and encouragement were measured with the parental influences scales of the CPAC. Results: Ordinary least squares regression indicated that perceptions of parental role modelling (β=197.41, 95% CI 34.33–360.49, p=0.031) was positively associated with adolescent self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with the overall model accounting for a small amount of the variance (R 2 =0.076). Conclusion: These results are in agreement with previous research indicating that parents play a small, albeit vital role in the physical activity engagement of their children. Public health c aigns with the aim of promoting youth physical activity should endeavour to incorporate parents into their interventions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S12519-012-0359-Z
Abstract: The accurate evaluation of physical activity levels amongst youth is critical for quantifying physical activity behaviors and evaluating the effect of physical activity interventions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate contemporary approaches to physical activity evaluation amongst youth. The literature from a range of sources was reviewed and synthesized to provide an overview of contemporary approaches for measuring youth physical activity. Five broad categories are described: self-report, instrumental movement detection, biological approaches, direct observation, and combined methods. Emerging technologies and priorities for future research are also identified. There will always be a trade-off between accuracy and available resources when choosing the best approach for measuring physical activity amongst youth. Unfortunately, cost and logistical challenges may prohibit the use of "gold standard" physical activity measurement approaches such as doubly labelled water. Other objective methods such as heart rate monitoring, accelerometry, pedometry, indirect calorimetry, or a combination of measures have the potential to better capture the duration and intensity of physical activity, while self-reported measures are useful for capturing the type and context of activity.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2014.01.021
Abstract: Potential positive associations between youth physical activity and wellness scores could emphasize the value of youth physical activity engagement and promotion interventions, beyond the many established physiological and psychological benefits of increased physical activity. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between adolescents' self-reported physical activity and wellness. This investigation included 493 adolescents (165 males and 328 females) aged between 12 and 15 years. The participants were recruited from six secondary schools of varying socioeconomic status within a metropolitan area. Students were administered the Five-Factor Wellness Inventory and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents to assess both wellness and physical activity, respectively. Data indicated that significant associations between physical activity and wellness existed. Self-reported physical activity was shown to be positively associated with four dimensions including friendship, gender identity, spirituality, and exercise-the higher order factor physical self and total wellness, and negatively associated with self-care, self-worth, love, and cultural identity. This study suggests that relationships exist between self-reported physical activity and various elements of wellness. Future research should use controlled trials of physical activity and wellness to establish causal links among youth populations. Understanding the nature of these relationships, including causality, has implications for the justification of youth physical activity promotion interventions and the development of youth physical activity engagement programs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2015.11.008
Abstract: This study examines associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes and heart disease, occurring separately and concurrently at a single time point (comorbidity). This study included 11,035 residents from 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Australia. Respondents self-reported type 2 diabetes and heart disease as long-term health conditions. Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was measured using a census-derived composite index. In idual socioeconomic position was measured using education, occupation, and household income. Data were analyzed using multilevel multinomial mixed-effects logistic regression using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with the most advantaged neighborhoods, residents of the most-disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to report type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.21, 95% credible interval [CrI] = 1.55-3.15), heart disease (OR = 1.72, 95% CrI = 1.25-2.38), and comorbidity (OR = 4.38, 95% CrI = 2.27-8.66). This relationship attenuated after adjustment for in idual-level socioeconomic position, but remained statistically significant for type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.81, 95% CrI = 1.15-2.83) and comorbidity (OR = 3.00, 95% CrI = 1.49-6.13). Studies of neighborhood disadvantage that fail to include in idual-level socioeconomic measures may inflate associations. Establishing why residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to experience the co-occurrence of heart disease and type 2 diabetes independent of their in idual socioeconomic position warrants further investigation.
Publisher: Edith Cowan University
Date: 09-2013
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Jerome Rachele.