ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3145-6038
Current Organisations
Washington University in Saint Louis
,
Monash University
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Social and Community Psychology | Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology | Health Promotion | Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified | Psychology | Public Health and Health Services
Public Health (excl. Specific Population Health) not elsewhere classified | Social Structure and Health | Substance Abuse | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences |
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1177/108482230001200306
Abstract: A clinical nurse specialist (CNS) adds value to home care by improving care outcomes- clinical, quality of life, satisfaction, and costs. A model of CNS implementation in home care is the Center of Excellence model. This model affords a broad scope of influence in roles and programs and is enhanced through the use of electronic charting and forms of telehealth. Data analysis—demographic and clinical— related to high-volume, problem-prone, and high-cost diagnoses, is an excellent way for CNSs to add value in planning for a disease- management, or care-management, approach to home care. Disease-management principles are discussed and ex les given in a continuum-of-care context. Ongoing data outcome analysis related to CNS intervention and programs is enhanced by new data available in home care. Data include Outcome Assessment Instrument Set outcome data, improved ease of data access—via data importing/exporting—and data warehousing. Current CNS role benefits are discussed, and the need for quantitative and qualitative data specific to the home care practice setting identified.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.C.6516061.V2
Abstract: AbstractPurpose: Older patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) may be considered ineligible for curative-intent therapy including high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT). Here, we report outcomes of a preplanned subgroup analysis of patients ≥65 years in ZUMA-7. Patients and Methods: Patients with LBCL refractory to or relapsed ≤12 months after first-line chemoimmunotherapy were randomized 1:1 to axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi-cel autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy] or standard of care (SOC 2–3 cycles of chemoimmunotherapy followed by HDT-ASCT). The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints included safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Results: Fifty-one and 58 patients aged ≥65 years were randomized to axi-cel and SOC, respectively. Median EFS was greater with axi-cel versus SOC (21.5 vs. 2.5 months median follow-up: 24.3 months HR, 0.276 descriptive i P /i 0.0001). Objective response rate was higher with axi-cel versus SOC (88% vs. 52% OR, 8.81 descriptive i P /i 0.0001 complete response rate: 75% vs. 33%). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 94% of axi-cel and 82% of SOC patients. No grade 5 cytokine release syndrome or neurologic events occurred. In the quality-of-life analysis, the mean change in PRO scores from baseline at days 100 and 150 favored axi-cel for EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health, Physical Functioning, and EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale (descriptive i P /i 0.05). CAR T-cell expansion and baseline serum inflammatory profile were comparable in patients ≥65 and years. Conclusions: Axi-cel is an effective second-line curative-intent therapy with a manageable safety profile and improved PROs for patients ≥65 years with R/R LBCL. /
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.COLEGN.2009.07.001
Abstract: This paper describes the preliminary phase of a longitudinal research project involving students enrolling in three different pre-registration nursing programs in two locations in rural Victoria, Australia. This initial report discusses the demographic characteristics, entry pathway, course choice and career aspirations of students enrolled in these programs at both the main rural c us and an outreach satellite school of a major Australian university. Demographic findings from this study demonstrate that most of participants were female, aged between 18 and 50 years. The majority of participants resided in non-metropolitan areas and were enrolled in the flagship Bachelor of Nursing Program, with a large number having entered their chosen course of study via a non-traditional pathway. Career projections reported by participants demonstrate the intention of those from non-metropolitan areas to remain in this location on completion of their studies. Participants indicated their preferred areas of future practice to be in midwifery, emergency and paediatrics. Overall the findings of this part of the study summarise the characteristics of students entering nursing courses via various mechanisms. Exploration and comparison of these characteristics raise a number of issues for discussion, particularly in relation to conversion of level 2 (enrolled) nurses to level 1 (registered) status, and intended career specialisation and location of practice for students of nursing in rural areas.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.C.6516061.V1
Abstract: AbstractPurpose: Older patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) may be considered ineligible for curative-intent therapy including high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT). Here, we report outcomes of a preplanned subgroup analysis of patients ≥65 years in ZUMA-7. Patients and Methods: Patients with LBCL refractory to or relapsed ≤12 months after first-line chemoimmunotherapy were randomized 1:1 to axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi-cel autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy] or standard of care (SOC 2–3 cycles of chemoimmunotherapy followed by HDT-ASCT). The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints included safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Results: Fifty-one and 58 patients aged ≥65 years were randomized to axi-cel and SOC, respectively. Median EFS was greater with axi-cel versus SOC (21.5 vs. 2.5 months median follow-up: 24.3 months HR, 0.276 descriptive i P /i 0.0001). Objective response rate was higher with axi-cel versus SOC (88% vs. 52% OR, 8.81 descriptive i P /i 0.0001 complete response rate: 75% vs. 33%). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 94% of axi-cel and 82% of SOC patients. No grade 5 cytokine release syndrome or neurologic events occurred. In the quality-of-life analysis, the mean change in PRO scores from baseline at days 100 and 150 favored axi-cel for EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health, Physical Functioning, and EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale (descriptive i P /i 0.05). CAR T-cell expansion and baseline serum inflammatory profile were comparable in patients ≥65 and years. Conclusions: Axi-cel is an effective second-line curative-intent therapy with a manageable safety profile and improved PROs for patients ≥65 years with R/R LBCL. /
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-08-2012
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/A000187
Abstract: We report the results of three high-powered, independent replications of Study 2 from Williams and Bargh (2008) . Participants evaluated hot or cold instant therapeutic packs before choosing a reward for participation that was framed as a prosocial (i.e., treat for a friend) or self-interested reward (i.e., treat for the self). Williams and Bargh predicted that evaluating the hot pack would lead to a higher probability of making a prosocial choice compared to evaluating the cold pack. We did not replicate the effect in any in idual laboratory or when considering the results of the three replications together (total N = 861). We conclude that there is no evidence that brief exposure to warm therapeutic packs induces greater prosocial responding than exposure to cold therapeutic packs.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-08-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2008.456
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate discrimination against obese job candidates, and to examine whether widely used measures of implicit and explicit antifat attitudes are related to or predict antifat discrimination. One hundred university students made job candidate suitability ratings of resumes submitted for a bogus managerial position. Photos attached to each resume portrayed the job candidate as either obese or normal weight, by using pre- and postprocedure photos of in iduals who had undergone bariatric surgery. To assess discrimination, job candidates' ratings were compared between obese and normal-weight targets. Implicit and explicit antifat attitudes were also assessed. Participants rated obese job candidates as having less leadership potential, as less likely to succeed, and as less likely to be employed than normal-weight candidates. Obese candidates were also given a lower starting salary and ranked as less qualified overall than candidates portrayed as normal weight. Neither implicit nor explicit antifat attitude measures were significantly related to antifat discrimination. This study found strong evidence of employment-related discrimination against obese in iduals. Commonly used measures of antifat attitudes do not appear to be adequate predictors of antifat discrimination. Improved questionnaire measures may be needed to better predict actual prejudiced behavior.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12929
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1007/BF03327761
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2021.107151
Abstract: There is growing concern internationally about co-occurring gambling and homelessness. We systematically review prevalence estimates in help-seeking and community s les. Adopting PRISMA guidelines, we searched CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Proquest Central, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant peer-reviewed articles in English. Primary outcomes examined in narrative and quantitative syntheses included prevalence of: (i) gambling in persons experiencing homelessness (ii) harmful gambling in persons experiencing homelessness and, (iii) homelessness in persons experiencing harmful gambling. Searches identified 917 records after removing duplicates. After screening, 45 articles providing 54 prevalence estimates across 12 countries were included, with help-seeking (k = 37) and community based s le (k = 8) estimates pooled separately. Gambling prevalence (all timeframes) in help-seeking s les of persons experiencing homelessness is low (28.7%, 95% CI: 17.3-41.7, k = 14) compared to the general population (approximately 60-80%). However, harmful gambling prevalence (including problem, pathological, and disordered gambling) in help-seeking s les of persons experiencing homelessness is high (16.5%, 95% CI: 10.2-24.2, k = 20) compared to the general population (approximately 1-7%). Additionally, homelessness prevalence is high in help-seeking s les of persons experiencing harmful gambling (23.6%, 95% CI: 18.4-29.2, k = 4) compared to the general population (<1%). Meta-analysis found high between-study heterogeneity and risk of bias from small s les sizes. There are high rates of harmful gambling in persons experiencing homelessness and, concurrently, high rates of homelessness in persons experiencing harmful gambling. Improvements in s ling and measurement are needed to strengthen robustness and generalizability of prevalence estimates, which can potentially inform the scale and targeting of clinical interventions, support services, and policy responses.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-06-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1465-3362.2012.00481.X
Abstract: Despite the attention given to the broad topic of alcohol and violence, there are few studies of this relationship in the context of sporting events and their impact on alcohol-related hospital emergency department (ED) attendances, none of which are Australian. De-identified patient records from Barwon Health's Geelong Hospital ED were analysed from 1 July 2005 to 16 February 2010. Information contained in these records included age, gender, suburb of residence, attendance date and time, arrival mode and reason for attendance. The ED triage database was searched for attendances relating to alcohol, drugs and assault of which 16,940 cases were returned. There was a substantial increase in annual alcohol-related ED attendances from 2006 to 2009. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses showed that having a game on a particular day did not contribute to the model, but there were significantly more ED attendances for assaults on days when the Geelong Cats won. There were no significant predictors of ED attendance for alcohol-related harm in the variables studied. The findings of the study suggest that there are significantly more assault-related attendances at the ED in Geelong when the local national football team, the Geelong Cats, won. None of the variables under investigation appears to have impacted on alcohol-related attendances which were not assaults (i.e. injuries or intoxication). It appears that increases in ED attendances associated with the success of a local sporting team are not significantly associated with alcohol use and are more influenced by other factors.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2012
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2012.52
Abstract: Self-report measures of anti-fat prejudice are regularly used by the field, however, there is no research showing a relationship between explicit measures of anti-fat prejudice and the behavioral manifestation of them obesity discrimination. The present study examined whether a recently developed measure of anti-fat prejudice, the universal measure of bias (UMB), along with other correlates of prejudicial attitudes and beliefs (that is, authoritarianism, social dominance orientation SDO, physical appearance investment) predict obesity discrimination. Under the guise of a personnel selection task, participants (n=102) gave assessments of obese and non-obese females applying for a managerial position across a number of selection criteria (for ex le, starting salary, likelihood of selecting). Participants viewed resumes that had attached either a photo of a pre-bariatric surgery obese female (body mass index (BMI)=38-41) or a photo of the same female post-bariatric surgery (BMI=22-24). Participants also completed measures of anti-fat prejudice (UMB) authoritarianism, SDO, physical appearance evaluation and orientation. Obesity discrimination was displayed across all selection criteria. Higher UMB subscale scores (distance and negative judgement), authoritarianism, physical appearance evaluation and orientation were associated with greater obesity discrimination. In regression models, UMB 'distance' was a predictor of obesity discrimination for perceived leadership potential, starting salary, and overall employability. UMB 'negative judgement' predicted discrimination for starting salary and authoritarianism predicted likelihood of selecting an obese applicant and candidate ranking. Finally, physical appearance evaluation and appearance orientation predicted obesity discrimination for predicted career success and leadership potential, respectively. Self-report measures of prejudice act as surrogates for discrimination, but there has been no empirical support for the validity of explicit measures of anti-fat prejudice. Here, the UMB, authoritarianism, and physical appearance investment predicted obesity discrimination. The present results provide support for the use of these measures by researchers seeking to assess, understand, and reduce anti-fat prejudice and discrimination.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2007.00075.X
Abstract: Obesity prevention programs are at last underway or being planned in Australia and New Zealand. However, it is imperative that they are well-evaluated so that they can contribute to continuous program improvement and add much-needed evidence to the international literature on what works and does not work to prevent obesity. Three critical components of program evaluation are especially at risk when the funding comes from service delivery rather than research sources. These are: the need for comparison groups the need for measured height and weight and the need for sufficient process and context information. There is an important opportunity to build collaborative mechanisms across community-based obesity prevention sites to enhance the program and evaluation quality and to accelerate knowledge translation into practice and policy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2011.10.008
Abstract: There is no empirical research on alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in non-US collegiate athletes. The present study addressed this gap by examining these behaviours in Australian university sportspeople. Cross-sectional. University sportspeople and non-sportspeople completed questionnaires on alcohol consumption, aggressive and antisocial behaviours (e.g., abused, hit or assaulted someone, made unwanted sexual advance, damaged property) when intoxicated. Participants also reported whether they had been the victim of similar aggressive or antisocial behaviours. Demographic data and known confounders were collected. Hierarchical logistic regression models accounting for confounders and alcohol consumption scores found that university sportspeople were significantly more likely than non-sportspeople to have displayed aggressive behaviour (i.e., insulted or assaulted someone OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.28, p=.003), and damaged property (OR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.84, p<.0005) in the past year when intoxicated. Sportspeople were no more likely to have received aggression, had property damaged due to others intoxication (OR 1.21, 95% CI: .90, 1.62, p=.20 and OR 1.10, 95% CI: .79, 1.53, p=.57, respectively), or to have made unwanted sexual advances (OR 1.10, 95% CI: .65, 1.83, p=.74). Sportspeople were less likely to have reported being sexually assaulted when intoxicated (OR .44, 95% CI: .23, .83, p<.01). Consistent with work from the US alcohol-related aggressive and antisocial behaviours were greater in male Australian university sportspeople/athletes than in their female and non-sporting counterparts. There is a need for research explicating the interaction between alcohol, contextual and cultural aspects of sport, and sport participants.
Publisher: Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.2224/SBP.2007.35.7.937
Abstract: The present study sought to test two hypotheses. The first was that intergroup discrimination leads to increased self-esteem. The second was that threatened self-esteem (i.e., operationalized here as the extent to which people believe that the ingroup is negatively evaluated by an outgroup) would lead to increased intergroup discrimination. Support was found for both hypotheses.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1465-3362.2010.00182.X
Abstract: High-profile sportspeople are posited as role models for others. We examine whether university sportspeople and non-sportspeople's perceptions of high-profile sportspeople's (sports stars) and friends perceived drinking behaviours are related to their own drinking behaviours. Further, we examine the importance of drinking with competitors after sports events. A convenience s le of 1028 participants (58% females, n=652 sportspeople) from two Australian universities were approached at sporting and university venues. Participants completed a survey booklet containing demographic questions, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT, alcohol measure), perceived drinking of high-profile sportspeople and friends (social norms), and for sportspeople only, items assessing the importance of drinking with competitors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess relationships. Both sporting and non-sporting participants perceived high-profile sportspeople to drink less than themselves and their friends. Small significant bivariate relationships were found between high-profile sportspeople's perceived drinking and self-reported drinking for sportspeople (r=0.20, P <0.0005). However, in multivariate regression models the perceived drinking behaviours of high-profile sportspeople were not significant predictors of sportspeople's drinking, and were negatively related to non-sportspeople's drinking. The practice of drinking with competitors after sports and games accounted for an additional 6.1% of the unique variance in AUDIT-scores (P<0.0005). Sports stars are touted as negative role models when it comes to drinking. Contrary to expectations high-profile sportspeople were not perceived to be heavy drinkers and their perceived drinking was not predictive of others drinking. Friends' and normative drinking practices were predictors of drinking.[O'Brien KS, Kolt GS, Webber A, Hunter JA. Alcohol consumption in sport: The influence of sporting idols, friends and normative drinking practices.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820218.V1
Abstract: Sensitivity analysis of interim overall survival in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-07-2015
DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.12051
Abstract: No cross-national studies have examined public perceptions about weight-based bullying in youth. To conduct a multinational examination of public views about (i) the prevalence/seriousness of weight-based bullying in youth (ii) the role of parents, educators, health providers and government in addressing this problem and (iii) implementing policy actions to reduce weight-based bullying. A cross-sectional survey of adults in the United States, Canada, Iceland and Australia (N = 2866). Across all countries, weight-based bullying was identified as the most prevalent reason for youth bullying, by a substantial margin over other forms of bullying (race/ethnicity, sexual orientation and religion). Participants viewed parents and teachers as playing major roles in efforts to reduce weight-based bullying. Most participants across countries (77-94%) viewed healthcare providers to be important intervention agents. Participants (65-87%) supported government augmentation of anti-bullying laws to include prohibiting weight-based bullying. Women expressed higher agreement for policy actions than men, with no associations found for participants' race/ethnicity or weight. Causal beliefs about obesity were associated with policy support across countries. Across countries, strong recognition exists of weight-based bullying and the need to address it. These findings may inform policy-level actions and clinical practices concerning youth vulnerable to weight-based bullying.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-3136
Abstract: Older patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) may be considered ineligible for curative-intent therapy including high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT). Here, we report outcomes of a preplanned subgroup analysis of patients ≥65 years in ZUMA-7. Patients with LBCL refractory to or relapsed ≤12 months after first-line chemoimmunotherapy were randomized 1:1 to axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi-cel autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy] or standard of care (SOC 2–3 cycles of chemoimmunotherapy followed by HDT-ASCT). The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints included safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Fifty-one and 58 patients aged ≥65 years were randomized to axi-cel and SOC, respectively. Median EFS was greater with axi-cel versus SOC (21.5 vs. 2.5 months median follow-up: 24.3 months HR, 0.276 descriptive P & 0.0001). Objective response rate was higher with axi-cel versus SOC (88% vs. 52% OR, 8.81 descriptive P & 0.0001 complete response rate: 75% vs. 33%). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 94% of axi-cel and 82% of SOC patients. No grade 5 cytokine release syndrome or neurologic events occurred. In the quality-of-life analysis, the mean change in PRO scores from baseline at days 100 and 150 favored axi-cel for EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health, Physical Functioning, and EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale (descriptive P & 0.05). CAR T-cell expansion and baseline serum inflammatory profile were comparable in patients ≥65 and & years. Axi-cel is an effective second-line curative-intent therapy with a manageable safety profile and improved PROs for patients ≥65 years with R/R LBCL.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 25-05-2017
DOI: 10.1037/ARC0000031
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S13178-020-00499-X
Abstract: Homophobia appears to be greater in sport settings than in others. However, little is known about whether lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) young people experience discriminatory behaviour in team sports because of their sexuality and whether coming out to sport teammates is associated with homophobic behaviour. This study used a s le ( N = 1173 15–21 years collected in 2014–2015) from six countries (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland) to examine whether LGB youth who ‘come out’ to teammates experience homophobic behaviour. Close to half of the s le (41.6%) reported having been the target of homophobic behaviour (e.g. verbal slurs, bullying, assaults). Multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, country and contact sport participation found that participants who ‘came out’ as being LGB to sports teammates were significantly more likely to report being a target of homophobic behaviour. There appeared to be a dose response with coming out to more people associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing homophobic behaviour. The study results suggest a relationship between coming out as LGB and encountering homophobic behaviour in team sports. LGB experiences of homophobic behaviour appear common overall in this s le, but are greater in those who have come out to teammates. Sports administrators and governments need to develop programs and enforce policies that create safe sports environments where LGB youth can participate without encountering homophobic behaviour.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-07-2014
Abstract: Research indicates that those participating in sport consume alcohol more frequently and at higher quantities than their non-sporting peers. The highest levels of alcohol consumption have been found in university student sportspeople however, the reasons for such elevated alcohol use are unclear and there has been little research in this area outside US institutions. Moreover, research seems to be predominantly problem-focused and may therefore be unlikely to afford a wider understanding of the role alcohol plays in the lives of many sportspeople. There is a particular paucity of research examining the positive social and psychological outcomes of alcohol consumption in sport participants. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between social cohesion, identity, self-reported happiness and student sportspeople’s drinking. Questionnaires containing validated measures for alcohol consumption, happiness, importance of sporting identity and drinking for team cohesion were used to collect data from 243 university sportspeople (females =145, 60%). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that age, happiness and team cohesion were significant predictors of alcohol consumption, whereas sporting identity did not contribute significantly to the regression model. Further mediation analyses found that the relationship between happiness and alcohol consumption was mediated by team cohesion.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 13-01-2023
Abstract: Research from the social sciences suggests an association between higher temperatures and increases in antisocial behaviours, including aggressive, violent, or sabotaging behaviours, and represents a heat-facilitates-aggression perspective. More recently, studies have shown that higher temperature experiences may also be linked to increases in prosocial behaviours, such as altruistic, sharing, or cooperative behaviours, representing a warmth-primes-prosociality view. However, across both literatures, there have been inconsistent findings and failures to replicate key theoretical predictions, leaving the status of temperature-behaviour links unclear. Here we review the literature and conduct meta-analyses of available empirical studies that have either prosocial (e.g., monetary reward, gift giving, helping behaviour) or antisocial (self-rewarding, retaliation, sabotaging behaviour) behavioural outcome variables, with temperature as an independent variable. In an omnibus multivariate analysis (total N = 4577) with 80 effect sizes, we found that there was no reliable effect of temperature on the behavioural outcomes measured. Further, we find little support for either the warmth-primes-prosociality view or the heat- facilitates-aggression view. There were no reliable effects if we consider separately the type of behavioural outcome (prosocial or antisocial), different types of temperature experience (haptic or ambient), or potential interactions with the experimental social context (positive, neutral or negative). We discuss how these findings affect the status of existing theoretical perspectives, and provide specific suggestions advancing research in this area.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-01-2022
Abstract: The present study examined data from a randomized controlled trial exploring whether behavioral weight loss treatment was associated with changes in internalized weight bias. The relationship between internalized weight bias and psychological functioning was also assessed. Participants were 106 men and women with overweight or obesity enrolled in a treatment outcome study using the Lifestyle Balance Program. Participants completed measures of internalized weight bias, anti-fat attitudes, self-esteem, body image concern, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. Variables were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and six-month follow-up. Weight bias internalization significantly decreased over the course of treatment. Baseline and follow-up internalized weight bias scores predicted change in body weight. Participants reporting the lowest levels of internalized weight bias at baseline lost nearly twice as much weight as participants reporting the highest levels of internalized weight bias. Significant associations were found between internalized weight bias, body image concern, and self-esteem. Findings indicate a relationship between internalized weight bias and weight change during behavioral weight loss treatment, highlighting the importance of assessing baseline levels of internalized weight bias in weight loss treatment studies. Higher internalized weight bias predicted poorer weight loss outcomes, indicating a need for tailored treatment approaches.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2007.06.001
Abstract: Prejudice against overweight people is rife. However, there is a paucity of research on the underlying reasons for it. In two studies the relationship between body image, the tendency to make physical appearance-related comparisons (PACS), and both explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes was examined. In Study 1 (n = 227) people with a high tendency to make physical appearance-related comparisons (high PACS scorers) reported lower self-appearance evaluation, but higher appearance orientation and explicit anti-fat attitudes. The PACS fully mediated the relationship between appearance orientation and explicit anti-fat attitudes. Study 2 (n = 134) found that the PACS also mediated the relationship between appearance orientation and implicit anti-fat attitudes. Thus, in idual differences in factors such as body image and the tendency to make appearance-related comparisons, appear to play a central role in both explicit and implicit anti-fat attitudes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BJSO.12626
Abstract: Research from the social sciences suggests an association between higher temperatures and increases in antisocial behaviours, including aggressive, violent, or sabotaging behaviours, and represents a heat‐facilitates‐aggression perspective. More recently, studies have shown that higher temperature experiences may also be linked to increases in prosocial behaviours, such as altruistic, sharing, or cooperative behaviours, representing a warmth‐primes‐prosociality view. However, across both literatures, there have been inconsistent findings and failures to replicate key theoretical predictions, leaving the status of temperature‐behaviour links unclear. Here we review the literature and conduct meta‐analyses of available empirical studies that have either prosocial (e.g., monetary reward, gift giving, helping behaviour) or antisocial (self‐rewarding, retaliation, sabotaging behaviour) behavioural outcome variables, with temperature as an independent variable. In an omnibus multivariate analysis (total N = 4577) with 80 effect sizes, we found that there was no reliable effect of temperature on the behavioural outcome measured. Further, we find little support for either the warmth‐primes‐prosociality view or the heat‐facilitates‐aggression view. There were no reliable effects if we consider separately the type of behavioural outcome (prosocial or antisocial), different types of temperature experience (haptic or ambient), or potential interactions with the experimental social context (positive, neutral, or negative). We discuss how these findings affect the status of existing theoretical perspectives and provide specific suggestions advancing research in this area.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2012.55
Abstract: This study investigated stigma directed at formerly obese persons who lost weight and became lean (through behavioral or surgical methods), or lost weight but remained obese, relative to weight-stable obese and weight-stable lean persons. This study also compared stigma directed at obese persons following exposure to descriptions of persons who lost weight vs. remained weight stable. In a between-subject experimental design, participants (n = 273) were randomly assigned to read vignettes describing targets varying across two dimensions, weight stability (i.e., weight stable or weight lost) and current weight (i.e., currently obese or currently lean). Participants completed measures of stigma against specific targets and measures of stigma against obese in iduals in general. Lean in iduals who were formerly obese were stigmatized more on attractiveness than weight-stable lean in iduals, and as much as currently obese in iduals. Stigma across domains was greater among currently obese in iduals (regardless of whether they had lost weight from a higher weight) than among currently lean in iduals. After reading vignettes describing weight loss, participants demonstrated greater obesity stigma than after reading vignettes describing weight-stable in iduals. These results suggest that residual stigma remains against people who have previously been obese, even when they have lost substantial amounts of weight and regardless of their weight-loss method. Exposure to portrayals of the malleability of body weight, such as those promoted in the popular media, may significantly worsen obesity stigma.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820209.V1
Abstract: Tabulated data supporting ZUMA-7 elderly analysisSupplementary Table S1. Patient-reported outcomes instrumentsSupplementary Table S2. Axi-cel delivery and administration timeSupplementary Table S3. Summary of efficacy and safety outcomes in patients ≥65 years versus all patients in ZUMA-7Supplementary Table S4. Serious adverse events in at least 3 patients in patients ≥65 yearsSupplementary Table S5. Summary of cytopenias present on or after 90 days from initiation of definitive therapy on protocol in patients ≥65 yearsSupplementary Table S6. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥65 years (safety analysis set)Supplementary Table S7. Summary of serum analytes in patients years versus ≥65 years in the axi-cel arm (N = 170)Supplementary Table S8. Most common adverse events, cytokine release syndrome, and neurologic events in patients ≥70 yearsSupplementary Table S9. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥70 years Supplementary Table S10. Baseline characteristics for quality-of-life analysis in patients ≥65 yearsSupplementary Table S11. Mixed model with repeated measures estimated difference in change from baseline forprespecified patient-reported outcomes measures (quality-of-life analysis set) in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 31-03-2016
Abstract: To examine the differences in alcohol consumption and psychosocial antecedents between team and in idual sportspeople via secondary data analysis. Questionnaires measured alcohol consumption, athlete identity and subjective happiness from a s le of UK university sportspeople (N = 1785 male = 1048, 58.7%), involved in team (77.9%) and in idual sports. Team sports players were more likely to be categorized as hazardous drinkers, and reported significantly greater rates of alcohol consumption, stronger athlete identity and higher levels of happiness than in idual sports players. Athlete identity was a significant predictor for alcohol consumption, however there was no significant relationship found between happiness and consumption. Further regression analyses revealed interactions between sport-type and athlete identity on alcohol consumption. For in idual sport players, as athlete identity increased alcohol consumption significantly reduced however, there was a positive association between identity and consumption for team sport players. Our findings implicate the role of identity as an important factor to consider when addressing the issue of hazardous drinking among sportspeople.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2014
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.15288/JSAD.2017.78.306
Abstract: The university sport environment represents an important target for alcohol industry marketing. This study investigated the nature of relationships between the alcohol industry and university student sports clubs (USSCs). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with board members from 60 active USSCs in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to content analysis using NVivo10. All invited USSCs participated in the study. Most (n = 53 88%) reported having signed contracts with the alcohol industry (breweries, in every case) to have their sports events and parties sponsored. The most common sponsorship arrangement involved the supply of discounted beer for sport and student events. T-shirts, beer freezers, and stereo systems were also frequently provided by the alcohol industry to support alcohol-related sports events. In addition, the alcohol industry event promoters helped market the events and products. In return, the USSCs agreed to exclusively sell the sponsors' brand of beer and/or order and sell a quota of beer at their events. Forty-nine interviewees (81%) reported agreements with alcohol companies whereby open bars (free alcohol events) would also be provided. Despite reporting a range of alcohol harms, participants did not perceive there to be a high risk of harm from the alcohol sponsorship arrangements. Most USSCs in São Paulo, Brazil, have formalized contracts with the alcohol industry that promote the marketing, sale, and consumption of alcohol at parties and university games. A critical review of the impacts of these practices and university policies on alcohol industry sponsorship that can take account of the role of such arrangements in student drinking is warranted.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820215.V1
Abstract: Mixed model with repeated measures for change from baseline for prespecified patient-reported outcomes endpoints in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-09-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.12604
Abstract: To examine whether receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship is associated with problematic drinking in UK university students who play sport. University students (n = 2450) participating in sports were invited to complete a pen-and-paper questionnaire by research staff approaching them at sporting facilities and in university settings. Respondents were asked whether they, personally, their team and/or their club were currently in receipt of sponsorship (e.g. money, free or subsidized travel or sporting products) from an alcohol-related industry (e.g. bars, liquor stores, wholesalers), and whether they had solicited the sponsorship. Drinking was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Questionnaires were completed by 2048 of those approached (response rate = 83%). Alcohol industry sponsorship was reported by 36% of the s le. After accounting for confounders (age, gender, disposable income and location) in multivariable models, receipt of alcohol sponsorship by a team (adjusted βadj = 0.41, P = 0.013), club (βadj = 0.73, P = 0.017), team and club (βadj = 0.79, P = 0.002) and combinations of in idual and team or club sponsorships (βadj = 1.27, P 8). Respondents who sought out sponsorship were not at greater risk than respondents, or whose teams or clubs, had been approached by the alcohol industry. University students in the United Kingdom who play sport and who personally receive alcohol industry sponsorship or whose club or team receives alcohol industry sponsorship appear to have more problematic drinking behaviour than UK university students who play sport and receive no alcohol industry sponsorship. Policy to reduce or cease such sponsorship should be considered.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S40519-013-0068-1
Abstract: Successful weight maintenance after weight loss is exceedingly rare. The present study aimed to identify psychological predictors of lapses and weight maintenance. Self-efficacy, coping, and perceptions of lapses were examined as potential predictors of lapse frequency and weight maintenance (percentage weight loss maintained). Participants included 67 adults (85.3 % women) who had intentionally lost a mean of 16 % of their body weight and had stopped losing weight at least 6 months prior to data collection. Participants completed a 7-day lapse diary tracking the frequency and perceived severity of their dietary and activity lapses, along with questionnaires on self-efficacy, coping, and characteristics of their weight loss. Participants had lost a mean of 13.9 kg, 20.4 months prior to data collection. More frequent lapsing was correlated with lower self-efficacy and greater perceived lapse severity. Lower percentage of weight loss maintained was correlated with lower self-efficacy, poorer coping, greater perceived lapse severity, and longer time since weight loss ended. “Regainers,” who maintained <90 % of their weight loss, had poorer self-efficacy, poorer coping, greater lapse frequency, and greater perceived lapse severity, than “maintainers,” who maintained at least 90 % of their weight loss. The results suggest that self-efficacy, coping, and perceived lapse severity are significant predictors of weight maintenance, consistent with the relapse prevention model. The goals of improving self-efficacy and coping skills might be important additions to weight maintenance programs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBMT.2018.12.758
Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising therapies for hematologic malignancies. Two CAR T products were recently approved in the United States and Europe for the treatment ofpatients up to age 25years with relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and/or adults with large B cell lymphoma. Many more CAR T products, as well as other immunotherapies, including various immune cell- and bi-specific antibody-based approaches that function by activation of immune effector cells, are in clinical development for both hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. These therapies are associated with unique toxicities of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic toxicity. The assessment and grading of these toxicities vary considerably across clinical trials and across institutions, making it difficult to compare the safety of different products and hindering the ability to develop optimal strategies for management of these toxicities. Moreover, some aspects of these grading systems can be challenging to implement across centers. Therefore, in an effort to harmonize the definitions and grading systems for CRS and neurotoxicity, experts from all aspects of the field met on June 20 and 21, 2018, at a meeting supported by the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT formerly American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, ASBMT) in Arlington, VA. Here we report the consensus recommendations of that group and propose new definitions and grading for CRS and neurotoxicity that are objective, easy to apply, and ultimately more accurately categorize the severity of these toxicities. The goal is to provide a uniform consensus grading system for CRS and neurotoxicity associated with immune effector cell therapies, for use across clinical trials and in the postapproval clinical setting.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-01-2011
Abstract: To examine the relationship between direct alcohol and non-alcohol sponsorship and drinking in Australian sportspeople. Australian sportspeople (N = 652 51% female) completed questionnaires on alcohol and non-alcohol industry sponsorship (from bars, cafes etc.), drinking behaviour (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)) and known confounders. 31% reported sponsorship (29.8% alcohol industry 3.7% both alcohol and non-alcohol industry and 1.5% non-alcohol industry only) Multivariate regression showed that receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship was predictive of higher AUDIT scores (β(adj) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-2.78), but non-alcohol industry sponsorship and combinations of both were not (β(adj) = 0.18, 95% CI: -2.61 to 2.68 and β(adj) = 2.58, 95% CI: -0.60 to 5.76, respectively). Governments should consider alternatives to alcohol industry sponsorship of sport. Hypothecated taxes on tobacco have been used successfully for replacing tobacco sponsorship of sport in some countries, and may show equal utility for the alcohol industry's funding of sport.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.02.032
Abstract: Weight stigma is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including disordered eating, but the psychological mechanisms underlying these associations are not well understood. The present study tested whether the association between weight stigma experiences and disordered eating behaviors (emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and loss-of-control eating) are mediated by weight bias internalization and psychological distress. Six-hundred and thirty-four undergraduate university students completed an online survey assessing weight stigma, weight bias internalization, psychological distress, disordered eating, along with demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, weight status). Statistical analyses found that weight stigma was significantly associated with all measures of disordered eating, and with weight bias internalization and psychological distress. In regression and mediation analyses accounting for age, gender and weight status, weight bias internalization and psychological distress mediated the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behavior. Thus, weight bias internalization and psychological distress appear to be important factors underpinning the relationship between weight stigma and disordered eating behaviors, and could be targets for interventions, such as, psychological acceptance and mindfulness therapy, which have been shown to reduce the impact of weight stigma. The evidence for the health consequences resulting from weight stigma is becoming clear. It is important that health and social policy makers are informed of this literature and encouraged develop anti-weight stigma policies for school, work, and medical settings.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-02-2023
Abstract: Background: Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women and is associated with a range of symptoms including pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, and painful sexual intercourse. However, very little is known about the relationship between endometriosis-related symptoms and sex. Methods: Women with a diagnosis of endometriosis (n = 2060 mean age = 30 years) completed a questionnaire measuring the frequency of endometriosis symptoms, dyspareunia, sexual distress, avoidance of sex, and the perceived negative impact of endometriosis symptoms on sex life. Results: In bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models with avoidance of sex and perceived negative impact of endometriosis symptoms on sex life as DVs, higher endometriosis symptom frequency, dyspareunia, and sexual distress were associated with greater avoidance of sex and higher perceived negative impact of endometriosis symptoms on sex life. With a two- and three-fold increase in the odds of avoiding sex and reporting a negative impact of endometriosis on sex lives, respectively, for each point increase in dyspareunia. Similarly, there was a 7% to 11% increase in avoidance of sex and the negative impact of endometriosis on sex lives, per one-point increase in symptom frequency and sexual distress. Conclusions: The results highlight the considerable impacts of endometriosis symptomatology on women’s sex lives and wellbeing. Better medical and counselling services may be needed to ameliorate the negative impact of endometriosis on women’s sex lives.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437829.V1
Abstract: Event-free survival per central review and objective response rate in patients ≥70 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820212.V1
Abstract: CAR T-cell levels in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437829
Abstract: Event-free survival per central review and objective response rate in patients ≥70 years
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 24-03-2021
DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000845
Abstract: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated negative effects on psychological well-being worldwide, including in schoolchildren. Government requirements to stay at home and avoid social and school settings may impact psychological well-being by modifying various behaviors such as problematic phone and Internet use, yet there is a paucity of research on this issue. This study examined whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have impacted problematic smartphone use (PSU), problematic gaming (PG), and psychological distress, specifically the pattern of relationships between PSU, PG, and psychological distress in schoolchildren. Longitudinal data on psychological distress, PSU, and PG were collected from 575 children in primary schools in 3 waves: Waves 1 and 2 were conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak and Wave 3 during the outbreak. Cross-lagged panel models were used to examine relationships between factors across the 3 waves. Cross-lagged models found that higher levels of PSU were not significantly related prospectively to greater psychological distress before the COVID-19 outbreak, but this prospective relationship became significant during the COVID-19 outbreak. Whereas PG was associated prospectively with psychological distress before the COVID-19 outbreak (ie, between Waves 1 and 2), this association became nonsignificant during the COVID-19 lockdown (ie, between Waves 2 and 3). The COVID-19 outbreak has seemed to change prospective relationships between PSU and psychological distress and PG and psychological distress in schoolchildren. Future research should examine whether restrictions on or information provided to schoolchildren may exacerbate PSUs effects on psychological distress.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1080/09595230801935664
Abstract: In large population-based alcohol studies males are shown consistently to drink more, and more hazardously, than females. However, research from some countries suggests that gender differences in drinking are converging, with females drinking more than in the past. Large population-based research may miss gender-based changes in drinking behaviours that occur in sub-populations most at risk of hazardous drinking. We examine gender differences in a sub-population where hazardous drinking is common and endorsed, namely university sportspeople. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and a drinking motives measure were used to assess hazardous drinking behaviours and drinking motives in 631 university sportspeople (females = 331, 52%). There were no gender differences in AUDIT scores. However, drinking motives differed between genders, with coping motives being a significant predictor of hazardous drinking in females but not males. Hazardous drinking, including binge drinking (46.3%) and frequent binge drinking (35%), in New Zealand university sportspeople is high for both males and females. New Zealand university sportspeople are one population where gender differences in drinking are not apparent and run counter to European population based research and research in US sporting populations. Gender role equality in the university systems, and endorsement of drinking in sporting culture, may account for the lack of gender differences in this New Zealand sporting population. Future research on gender differences in drinking should examine sub-populations where gender role differentiation is low, and socio-cultural/structural factors supporting gender equality are high.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2018
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-04-2016
Abstract: Using terror management theory, we examined whether mortality salience (MS death-related cognitions) increased support for religious and political extremism and/or violent extremism in young Indonesian Muslims. Muslim and non-Muslim Indonesian students studying in Australia were randomized to an MS or control condition. Following completion of a distracter task, participants were asked to rate their agreement/disagreement with another Indonesian Muslim student’s (bogus) statements toward extremist views and violent extremist actions. After controlling for alienation, Muslim students in the MS condition reported significantly higher levels of support for extremist views than did non-Muslims. There was no significant effect of MS on violent extremist action in either Muslims or non-Muslims. The results suggest that reminders of death (MS) may lead young Muslims to be more supportive of politically and religiously extreme views, but not violent action. Our findings lend partial support to previous research in Iranian Muslim students however, further research is needed to establish factors that can result in increased support for violent extremism.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2019
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437817
Abstract: CAR T-cell levels in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.C.6516061
Abstract: AbstractPurpose: Older patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) may be considered ineligible for curative-intent therapy including high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT). Here, we report outcomes of a preplanned subgroup analysis of patients ≥65 years in ZUMA-7. Patients and Methods: Patients with LBCL refractory to or relapsed ≤12 months after first-line chemoimmunotherapy were randomized 1:1 to axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi-cel autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy] or standard of care (SOC 2–3 cycles of chemoimmunotherapy followed by HDT-ASCT). The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints included safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Results: Fifty-one and 58 patients aged ≥65 years were randomized to axi-cel and SOC, respectively. Median EFS was greater with axi-cel versus SOC (21.5 vs. 2.5 months median follow-up: 24.3 months HR, 0.276 descriptive i P /i 0.0001). Objective response rate was higher with axi-cel versus SOC (88% vs. 52% OR, 8.81 descriptive i P /i 0.0001 complete response rate: 75% vs. 33%). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 94% of axi-cel and 82% of SOC patients. No grade 5 cytokine release syndrome or neurologic events occurred. In the quality-of-life analysis, the mean change in PRO scores from baseline at days 100 and 150 favored axi-cel for EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health, Physical Functioning, and EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale (descriptive i P /i 0.05). CAR T-cell expansion and baseline serum inflammatory profile were comparable in patients ≥65 and years. Conclusions: Axi-cel is an effective second-line curative-intent therapy with a manageable safety profile and improved PROs for patients ≥65 years with R/R LBCL. /
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719853
Abstract: Wholegrain intake is inversely related to weight gain over time, but little information is available on the role of pulses in weight control. To compare weight loss, metabolic outcomes, and nutrient intakes in obese people assigned to a diet rich in pulses and wholegrains or a control diet. Randomized controlled study of 18 months with 113 volunteers (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 28 kg/m(2)). Diets were based on guidelines published by the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand. The intervention group was advised to consume 2 serves of pulses and 4 serves of wholegrain foods per day as substitutions for more refined carbohydrates. Fiber intakes were higher, intakes of several vitamins and minerals were better maintained, and dietary glycemic index was lower in the intervention compared with the control group. Mean (standard error [SE]) weight loss at 6 months was 6.0 (0.7) kg and 6.3 (0.6) kg in the control and intervention groups, respectively, and was not different between groups (p > 0.05). Blood pressure, triglycerides, and glycemic load were lowered in both groups compared with baseline. Waist circumference was decreased at 18 months in the intervention compared with the control group (-2.8 cm 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.4, -5.1). Incorporation of pulses and wholegrain foods into a weight loss program resulted in a greater reduction in waist circumference compared with the group consuming a control diet, although no difference in weight loss was noted between groups. Retention of several nutrients was better with the pulse and wholegrain diet.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437826.V1
Abstract: Overall survival (interim) and progression-free survival in patients ≥70 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820209
Abstract: Tabulated data supporting ZUMA-7 elderly analysisSupplementary Table S1. Patient-reported outcomes instrumentsSupplementary Table S2. Axi-cel delivery and administration timeSupplementary Table S3. Summary of efficacy and safety outcomes in patients ≥65 years versus all patients in ZUMA-7Supplementary Table S4. Serious adverse events in at least 3 patients in patients ≥65 yearsSupplementary Table S5. Summary of cytopenias present on or after 90 days from initiation of definitive therapy on protocol in patients ≥65 yearsSupplementary Table S6. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥65 years (safety analysis set)Supplementary Table S7. Summary of serum analytes in patients years versus ≥65 years in the axi-cel arm (N = 170)Supplementary Table S8. Most common adverse events, cytokine release syndrome, and neurologic events in patients ≥70 yearsSupplementary Table S9. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥70 years Supplementary Table S10. Baseline characteristics for quality-of-life analysis in patients ≥65 yearsSupplementary Table S11. Mixed model with repeated measures estimated difference in change from baseline forprespecified patient-reported outcomes measures (quality-of-life analysis set) in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2006.01.004
Abstract: We assessed whether treatment seeking overweight and obese people citing differing reasons for wanting to lose weight also differed in psychosocial characteristics thought to impact on weight loss. Dieting motives, self-esteem, body image, number of dieting attempts in the past two years, and the primary reason for wanting to lose weight were assessed in 106 treatment seeking overweight and obese volunteers (mean (SD) body mass index 35.5 (5.7)kg/m2 age 41.9 (10.8)y). Reasons for wanting to lose weight fell into three broad categories, with 35%, 50%, and 15% of the participants citing appearance, health, and mood, respectively. Participants citing health reasons were happier with their appearance than people citing mood or appearance reasons. Participants citing mood reasons had poorer self-image and self-esteem, a greater preoccupation with being overweight, and had attempted to diet more often than people citing appearance or health. The primary reason for overweight people seeking weight loss may reflect psychosocial differences that impact on successful weight loss. Identifying a person's reasons and motives for weight loss may help in tailoring dietary and psychological components of a weight loss program to the in idual.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2004
DOI: 10.1348/014466604322915980
Abstract: This investigation sought to assess the link between in-group bias and domain-specific self-esteem. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 revealed that social category members (i.e. Christians), manifested an increase in that domain of self-esteem judged to be relatively more important to the in-group (i.e. physical self-esteem), following the display of in-group bias. A second experiment which sought to examine an alternative explanation for these findings, in terms of enhanced social identity salience, produced identical findings. Domains of self-esteem relatively less important to the in-group (i.e. mathematical self-esteem) were unaffected in each experiment. Consistent with recent revisions to the second corollary of the self-esteem hypothesis, Experiment 2 further revealed that category members with low public collective self-esteem (who believed that Christians were evaluated negatively by Atheists) showed more pronounced in-group bias.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437820
Abstract: Mixed model with repeated measures for change from baseline for prespecified patient-reported outcomes endpoints in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820215
Abstract: Mixed model with repeated measures for change from baseline for prespecified patient-reported outcomes endpoints in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437823.V1
Abstract: Sensitivity analysis of interim overall survival in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820212
Abstract: CAR T-cell levels in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-05-2019
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820218
Abstract: Sensitivity analysis of interim overall survival in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437823
Abstract: Sensitivity analysis of interim overall survival in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437826
Abstract: Overall survival (interim) and progression-free survival in patients ≥70 years
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-01-2021
Abstract: Objective: To identify how Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities are defined in epidemiological research in Australia and provide a definition of CALD status that aids the consistency and interpretability of epidemiological studies. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature from January 2015 to May 2020 was searched via four databases (Ovid Medline combined with PubMed, Embase, Emcare, and CINAHL) to identify quantitative studies of CALD people in Australia. Results: A total of 108 studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Country of birth was the most commonly used CALD definition (n = 33, 30.6%), with combinations of two or more components also frequently used (n = 31, 28.7%). No studies used all the components suggested as core to defining CALD status. including country of birth, languages other than English spoken at home, English proficiency, and indigenous status. Conclusions: There was considerable inconsistency in how CALD status was defined. The review suggests that CALD status would best be defined as people born in non-English speaking countries, and/or who do not speak English at home. Additionally, indigenous peoples should be considered separately. This recommended definition will support the better identification of potential health disparity and needs in CALD and indigenous communities.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437817.V1
Abstract: CAR T-cell levels in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2013.03.011
Abstract: To review the current research on alcohol-related violence and sports participation. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to identify relevant studies for inclusion. A search of six databases (EBSCOhost) was conducted. A total of 6890 studies was were identified in the initial search. Of these, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were from the US (n=10) and focused on collegiate athletes (n=7), adolescents (n=3), professional/former professional athletes (n=1). The reviewed research indicates higher rates of alcohol use and violence in athlete populations when compared against non-athlete populations. Masculinity, violent social identity and antisocial norms connected to certain sports stand out as potential factors that may impact the association between sport and violence in athlete populations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1465-3362.2012.00524.X
Abstract: Although there is evidence that alcohol sponsorship in sport is related to greater drinking, there is no empirical research on whether alcohol sponsorship is associated with alcohol-related harms. We examined whether there is an association between receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship, and attendance at alcohol sponsor's drinking establishments (e.g. bars), and alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in university students who play sport. University sportspeople (n = 652) completed surveys (response rate >80%) assessing receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship, attendance at sponsor's establishments and confounders [i.e. age, gender, sport type, location and alcohol consumption measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test--alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) scores]. Participants also completed measures assessing displays and receipt of aggressive and antisocial behaviours (e.g. assaults, unwanted sexual advance, vandalism). Logistic regression models including confounders and reported attendance at alcohol sponsor's establishments showed that sportspeople receiving alcohol industry sponsorship were more likely to have been the victim of aggression (adjusted odds ratio 2.62, 95% confidence interval 1.22-5.64). Attending an alcohol sponsor's establishment was not associated with higher rates of other aggressive or antisocial behaviour. However, significant associations where found between AUDIT-C scores and having displayed and received aggression, and having damaged or had property damaged. Male sportspeople were more likely to have displayed and received aggressive and antisocial behaviour. Higher AUDIT-C scores, gender and receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship were associated with alcohol-related aggression/antisocial behaviours in university sportspeople. Sport administrators should consider action to reduce the harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol industry sponsorship in sport.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 07-05-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-27322/V1
Abstract: Objective: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and its resulting social policy changes, may result in psychological distress among schoolchildren with overweight. This study thus aimed to (1) compare psychological distress (including fear of COVID-19 infection, stress, anxiety, and depression), perceived weight stigma, and problematic internet-related behaviors between schoolchildren with and without overweight (2) assess whether perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors explained psychological distress. Methods: Schoolchildren (n=1 357 mean age=10.7 years) with overweight (n=236) and without overweight (n=1 121) completed an online survey assessing their fear of COVID-19 infection, stress, anxiety, depression, perceived weight stigma, problematic smartphone application use, problematic social media use, and problematic gaming. Results: Schoolchildren with overweight had significantly higher levels of COVID-19 infection fear, stress, depression, perceived weight stigma, and problematic social media use than those without overweight. Regression models showed that perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors were significant predictors of psychological distress among schoolchildren with overweight. Conclusion: Strategies to manage perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors may have a positive influence on mental health among schoolchildren with overweight under health-threatening circumstances, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.2008.02371.X
Abstract: To examine the nature and extent of alcohol industry sponsorship of sportspeople, and its association with drinking. A purposive s le of participants (n = 1279) from various sporting codes were asked whether they personally, their team, or club received free and/or discounted alcohol or funding from an alcohol industry body (e.g. pub, brewery, wholesaler) how much they received and whether they felt they should drink their sponsor's product and/or at the sponsor's premises. Drinking behaviour was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. Alcohol industry sponsorship was reported by 47.8% of the s le. Of those sponsored, 47% reported receiving free and/or discounted alcohol products. In multivariate models, those receiving sponsorship at the in idual, team and club level had AUDIT scores that were, on average, 2.4 points higher [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-4.09] than those who received no sponsorship. Receiving free and/or discounted alcohol (beta(adj) = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.01-1.88) and feeling that they should go to the sponsor's pub/club to drink (beta(adj) = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.85-2.98) were also associated with higher AUDIT scores. Provision of free or discounted alcoholic beverages was associated more strongly with AUDIT scores (beta(adj) = 1.56 95% CI: 0.62-2.51) than other forms of sponsorship from the alcohol industry (e.g. provision of uniforms). Alcohol industry sponsorship of sportspeople, and in particular the provision of free or discounted alcoholic beverages, is associated with hazardous drinking after adjustment for a range of potential confounders. Sports administration bodies should consider the health and ethical risks of accepting alcohol industry sponsorship.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-12-2022
Abstract: Participation in sport and physical activity (PA) is declining, and the psychosocial factors underpinning avoidance of these activities are not understood. This study developed and tested a new measure assessing the tendency to avoid PA and sport because of weight stigma and appearance-related concerns. University students (n = 581, mean age = 19.8 years) completed an online survey at two time points. Demographic details and measures of weight stigmatization, appearance evaluations, and enjoyment and participation in PA or sport were taken. In addition, we developed and tested a new measure of the tendency to avoid physical activity and sport (TAPAS). Psychometric testing of the scale was conducted, and correlates of TAPAS were examined. The ten-item TAPAS provided a single factor solution, and the final scale score was predictive of lower levels of enjoyment of, and participation in, physical activity and sport (p 0.001). The scale also displayed good internal and test-retest reliability. This study provides a new measure for assessing people’s tendency to avoid PA and sport because of weight stigma or appearance-related concerns. The results suggest that initiatives seeking to increase participation in PA and sport may need to address weight stigma and associated appearance related concerns.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S40337-022-00552-7
Abstract: The study aimed to examine the association between perceived weight stigma (PWS), weight status, and eating disturbances. We hypothesized that PWS would partially mediate the association between weight status and eating disturbances among university students. The study involved 705 undergraduate students (379 females and 326 males) recruited from Hong Kong and Taiwan Universities (399 Hong Kong 306 Taiwan participants). Our s le was from one Hong Kong university (located in Kowloon) and five Taiwan universities (three located in Southern Taiwan, one located in Central Taiwan, and one located in North Taiwan). Participants’ mean age was 20.27 years (SD = 1.79). All participants completed a demographic information sheet, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-18 (TFEQ-R18), and the PWS questionnaire. PROCESS macro models were used to analyze potential mediations. We found a significantly higher PWS scores in a high weight group for females and males. There was a significant difference between weight status and eating disturbances. Moreover, PWS partially mediated the association between weight status and eating disturbances for both genders. PWS is associated with weight status and eating disturbances, making it an important target for health improvement among young adults. Further studies are needed to corroborate such associations in participants from other societies and cultures.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-10-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2013.07.012
Abstract: This study examined relationships between physical appearance concerns (fear of fat, body image disturbance BIDQ), disgust, and anti-fat prejudice (dislike, blame), and tested whether disgust mediates relationships between physical appearance concerns and anti-fat prejudice. Participants (N=1649 age=28 years) provided demographic data and completed measures of anti-fat prejudice, tendency to feel disgust, and physical appearance concerns. Univariate, multivariate, and mediation analyses were conducted. Univariate and multivariate associations were found between fear of fat, BIDQ, disgust, and anti-fat prejudice for women. For women only, mediation analyses showed that disgust partially mediated relationships between physical appearance concerns and dislike of fat people. For men, univariate and multivariate relationships were found between fear of fat, and dislike and blame of fat people, but disgust was not related to anti-fat prejudice. Newer constructs centering on physical appearance concerns and disgust appear promising candidates for understanding anti-fat prejudice.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820221.V1
Abstract: Overall survival (interim) and progression-free survival in patients ≥70 years
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-09-2021
Abstract: Participation in physical activity and sport is on the decline and there is a poor understanding of the psychosocial factors that contribute to people’s reluctance to participate. We examined whether there were relationships between factors such as weight stigma, weight bias internalization, appearance evaluation, and fears of negative appearance evaluations, and enjoyment and avoidance of physical activity and sport. Undergraduate students (N = 579) completed a survey assessing demographics, and the variables described above. In hierarchal multivariate regression models, weight stigma (β = −0.16, p 0.001), appearance evaluation (β = 0.19, p = 0.001), and weight bias internalization (β = −0.19, p = 0.003) were associated with lower enjoyment of physical activity and sport. Weight stigma (β = 0.46, p = 0.001), weight bias internalization (β = 0.42, p = 0.001), and fear of negative appearance evaluations (β = 0.16, p = 0.000) were also significantly associated with the tendency to avoid physical activity and sport. Serial mediation analysis showed the relationship between weight stigma and enjoyment of physical activity and sport was through appearance evaluation and weight bias internalization (indirect effect = −0.007, SE = 0.002, 95% CI = −0.01, −0.02). Similarly, the relationship between weight stigma and avoidance of physical activity and sport was through weight bias internalization and fear of negative appearance evaluations (indirect effect = 0.11, SE = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.16). These results suggest that weight stigma and concerns about one’s physical appearance influence people’s enjoyment and reasoning for avoiding physical activity and sport. Research is needed to identify ways to reduce body-related stigma and increase enjoyment and participation in physical activity and sport.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437814
Abstract: Tabulated data supporting ZUMA-7 elderly analysis Supplementary Table S1. Patient-reported outcomes instruments Supplementary Table S2. Axi-cel delivery and administration time Supplementary Table S3. Summary of efficacy and safety outcomes in patients ≥65 years versus all patients in ZUMA-7 Supplementary Table S4. Serious adverse events in at least 3 patients in patients ≥65 years Supplementary Table S5. Summary of cytopenias present on or after 90 days from initiation of definitive therapy on protocol in patients ≥65 years Supplementary Table S6. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥65 years (safety analysis set) Supplementary Table S7. Summary of serum analytes in patients years versus ≥65 years in the axi-cel arm (N = 170) Supplementary Table S8. Most common adverse events, cytokine release syndrome, and neurologic events in patients ≥70 years Supplementary Table S9. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥70 years Supplementary Table S10. Baseline characteristics for quality-of-life analysis in patients ≥65 years Supplementary Table S11. Mixed model with repeated measures estimated difference in change from baseline for prespecified patient-reported outcomes measures (quality-of-life analysis set) in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2014.08.014
Abstract: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent public health concern, with associated medical comorbidities and impairment in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Obese women are frequently victims of weight-related discrimination. The HRQoL impairments among obese people could be related to this discrimination and to internalized weight bias. Design We examined the potential moderating role of discrimination (from others) and self-directed (internalized) weight-based discrimination in the association between body mass index (BMI) and HRQoL. Eighty-one women (mean age=41.1years mean BMI=43.40kg/m(2), 97% Caucasian) completed valid and reliable measures of weight bias internalization (weight bias internalization scale), perceived discrimination by others (everyday discrimination scale) and both physical and mental HRQoL (SF-36 Health Survey). Multiple regression analysis was used to test whether internalized weight bias or discrimination moderated the association between BMI and the summary scores for physical and mental HRQoL, controlling for age. Significant associations were found between BMI and discrimination (r=.36, p=.002), between internalized weight bias and both mental (r=.61, p<.001) and physical HRQoL (r=.45, p<.001), and between discrimination and physical HRQoL (r=.29, p=.014). A statistically significant interaction was found between BMI and internalized weight bias (b=-.21, SE=.10, p<0.05) in accounting for the variance in physical HRQoL. The association between higher BMI and poorer physical HRQoL was found only in in iduals reporting high levels of internalized weight bias. Self-discrimination among overweight in iduals may be a critical factor in their physical health impairment.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 24-05-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2021.675839
Abstract: Background: Social distancing and school suspension due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) may have a negative impact on children's behavior and well-being. Problematic smartphone use (PSU), problematic social media use (PSMU) and perceived weight stigma (PWS) are particularly important issues for children, yet we have a poor understanding of how these may have been affected by lockdowns and physical isolation resulting from COVID-19. This research aimed to understand how these psychosocial and behavioral variables may be associated with psychological distress, and how these associations may have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 489 children completed a three-wave longitudinal study from January 2020 to June 2020. The first wave was conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak. The second wave was conducted during the outbreak. The third wave was conducted during post-COVID-19 lockdown. Questionnaires measured psychological distress, PSU, PSMU, and PWS. Results: PSU, PSMU, PWS and psychological distress were all significantly associated with each other. PSU was significantly higher during outbreak. PWS was significantly higher before outbreak. We found an increased association between PSMU and PWS across three waves in all three models. The association between PSU and depression/anxiety decreased across three waves however, association between PSMU and depression/anxiety increased across three waves. Conclusions: COVID-19 initiated school suspension and associated lockdowns appear to have exacerbated PSU and depression among children. However, PWS was reduced during this period. Children should use smartphones and social media safely and cautiously, and be aware of the potential exposure to weight stigmatization.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-05-2007
Abstract: To examine the relationship between athlete drinking motives and hazardous drinking across differing levels of sporting participation (club vs elite-provincial vs elite-international). Data from 1214 New Zealand sportspeople was collected. We assessed hazardous drinking with the WHO's AUDIT questionnaire and sportspeople's psychosocial reasons for drinking with the ADS. Level of sporting participation (club/social, provincial/state, or international/olympic level) was also assessed. Hazardous drinking behaviours differed across levels of sporting participation, with elite-provincial sportspeople showing the highest level of hazardous drinking, club/social sportspeople the next highest and elite-international sportspeople the lowest. Sportspeople who placed a greater emphasis on drinking as a reward for participating in their sports tended to display more hazardous drinking behaviours, but other ADS motives differed over level of sporting participation. Elite-provincial sportspeople and elite-international sportspeople placed more emphasis on drinking as a way to cope with the stresses of participating in their sports. A relationship between team/group motives and AUDIT scores was fully mediated by positive reinforcement motives, and partially mediated by stress-related coping motives. These findings have implications for alcohol education programs targeted at sportspeople and sport administration, and may help improve the efficacy and focus of intervention programs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10899-023-10206-1
Abstract: This study investigated whether there was community support for prominent gambling harm reduction policies, as well as perceived responsibility for electronic gambling machine (EGM) related harm in an Australian s le (n = 906). Using a randomised experimental design, we also explored whether these outcomes were influenced by three alternative explanations for EGM-related harm: a brain-based account of gambling addiction, an account that highlighted the intentional design of the gambling environment focused on the “losses disguised as wins” (LDWs), and a media release advocating against further government intervention in the gambling sector. We observed clear majority support for most policies presented, including mandatory pre-commitment, self-exclusion, and a $1 limit on EGM bets. A substantial majority of participants agreed that in iduals, governments, and industry should be held responsible for EGM-related harm. Participants presented with the explanation of LDWs attributed greater responsibility for gambling-related harm to industry and government, less agreement that electronic gambling machines are fair, and more agreement that EGMs are likely to mislead or deceive consumers. There was some limited evidence of greater support for policy intervention in this group, including a blanket ban of EGMs, clinical treatment funded by gambling taxes, mass media c aigns, and mandatory pre-commitment for EGMs. We found no evidence that a brain-based account of gambling addiction substantially undermined support for policy intervention. We predicted that the information about LDWs and the brain-based account of EGM related harm would soften attributions of personal responsibility for gambling harm. Our results did not support either of these predictions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1080/00140130701276640
Abstract: Successful performance in complex dynamic environments depends on domain-dependent factors, such as situational awareness (SA). Underlying SA in a domain are domain-independent cognitive abilities in perception, memory, attention and executive control. In iduals with lower underlying ability perform relatively poorly in complex dynamic real-world tasks. The first experiment examined whether cognitive skills training could overcome limitations in underlying SA ability that impact on complex dynamic task performance. Participants were taught a mix of cognitive management strategies (e.g. ided and focused attention and visual search) in a simulated air traffic control task. A second experiment investigated the link between underlying SA ability, TRACON and SAGAT, a widely used measure of domain-specific SA. In a third experiment, the focus was on encouraging participants to plan ahead and consider the interrelations of elements (aircraft) in the environment. Whilst both training methods ameliorated the negative impact that lower SA ability had on complex dynamic task performance, the results of the third study indicated that this may have been achieved through improved planning behaviour. Finally, participants with higher underlying SA ability performed well irrespective of training condition.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-03-2005
Abstract: To examine the link between hazardous drinking and level of sport participation in New Zealand. Sports science and general university students (n = 427) completed a sporting profile questionnaire that included the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Elite sportspeople (both provincial and international/country level) reported higher rates of hazardous drinking than non-sportspeople and non-elite sportspeople. Similar differences were observed in AUDIT subscale scores, with international/country level sportspeople reporting greater symptoms of dependence than other groups.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2017.06.019
Abstract: There is no research examining alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour in UK or European sportspeople (athletes), and no research has examined relationships between masculinity, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in sportspeople (athletes). This study addresses this gap. Cross-sectional. A s le (N=2048 women=892, 44%) of in season sportspeople enrolled at UK universities (response 83%), completed measures of masculinity, alcohol consumption, within-sport (on-field) violence, and having been the perpetrator and/or victim of alcohol-related violent/aggressive and antisocial behaviour (e.g., hit/assaulted, vandalism, sexual assault). Logistic regressions examined predictors of alcohol-related violence/aggression and anti-social behaviours. Significant bivariate relationships between masculinity, within-sport violence, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour were found for both men and women (p's<.001). Logistic regression adjusting for all variables showed that higher levels of masculinity and alcohol consumption in men and women were related to an increased odds of having conducted an aggressive, violent and/or anti-social act in the past 12 months when intoxicated. Odds ratios were largest for relationships between masculinity, alcohol consumption, within-sport violence, and interpersonal violence/aggression (p's<.001). A similar pattern of results was found for having been the victim of aggression and anti-social behaviour. Alcohol-related aggression and anti-social behaviour appear to be problematic in UK university sportspeople, and is related to masculinity and excessive drinking. Interventions that reduce excessive alcohol consumption, masculine norms and associated within-sport violence, could be effective in reducing alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in UK sportspeople.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2010.79
Abstract: Anti-fat sentiment is increasing, is prevalent in health professionals, and has health and social consequences. There is no evidence for effective obesity prejudice reduction techniques in health professionals. The present experiment sought to reduce implicit and explicit anti-fat prejudice in preservice health students. Health promotion ublic health bachelor degree program students (n = 159) were randomized to one of three tutorial conditions. One condition presented an obesity curriculum on the controllable reasons for obesity (i.e., diet/exercise). A prejudice reduction condition presented evidence on the uncontrollable reasons for obesity (i.e., genes/environment) whereas a neutral (control) curriculum focused on alcohol use in young people. Measures of implicit and explicit anti-fat prejudice, beliefs about obese people, and dieting, were taken at baseline and postintervention. Repeated measures analyses showed decreases in two forms of implicit anti-fat prejudice (decreases of 27 and 12%) in the genes/environment condition relative to other conditions. The diet/exercise condition showed a 27% increase in one measure of implicit anti-fat prejudice. Reductions in explicit anti-fat prejudice were also seen in the genes/environment condition (P = 0.006). No significant changes in beliefs about obese people or dieting control beliefs were found across conditions. The present results show that anti-fat prejudice can be reduced or exacerbated depending on the causal information provided about obesity. The present results have implications for the training of health professionals, especially given their widespread negativity toward overweight and obesity.
Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
Date: 27-12-2022
Abstract: Internet use has become an important part of daily living. However, for a minority it may become problematic. Moreover, problematic use of the Internet/smartphone (PUIS) has been associated with low physical activity. The present study investigated the temporal associations between three types of PUIS (i.e., problematic smartphone use [PSPU], problematic social media use [PSMU] and problematic gaming [PG]) and physical activity among Taiwanese university students. A six-month longitudinal survey study comprising three time points for assessments was conducted. From the original 974 participants, a total of 452 completed all three waves of an online survey comprising the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) assessing physical activity level, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS) assessing PSPU, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessing PSMU, and Internet Gaming Disorder Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assessing PG. The linear mixed effects model found positive temporal associations of PSMU and PG with physical activity level (PSMU: B = 85.88, SE = 26.24 P = 0.001 PG: B = 36.81, SE = 15.17 P = 0.02). PSPU was not associated with physical activity level ( B = 40.54, SE = 22.99 P = 0.08). Additionally, the prevalence rates were 44.4% for at-risk/PSPU, 24.6% for at-risk/PSMU, and 12.3% for at-risk/PG. PSMU and PG unexpectedly demonstrated correlations with higher physical activity level. The nature of these relationships warrants additional investigation into the underlying mechanisms in order to promote healthy lifestyles among university students.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1007/BF03327815
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.03.004
Abstract: The present study examined the impact of the food-addiction model of obesity on weight stigma directed at obese people. Participants (n = 625) were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions. They were asked to read either a food-addiction explanatory model of obesity or a nonaddiction model, and subsequently read a vignette describing a target person who met the characteristics of one of these models and was either obese or of normal weight. Questionnaires assessed participants' stigmatization and blame of targets and their attribution of psychopathology toward targets. Additional questionnaires assessed stigma and blame directed toward obese people generally, and personal fear of fat. A manipulation check revealed that the food-addiction experimental condition did significantly increase belief in the food-addiction model. Significant main effects for addiction showed that the food-addiction model produced less stigma, less blame, and lower perceived psychopathology attributed to the target described in vignettes, regardless of the target's weight. The food-addiction model also produced less blame toward obese people in general and less fear of fat. The present findings suggest that presenting obesity as an addiction does not increase weight bias and could even be helpful in reducing the widespread prejudice against obese people.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-05-2007
Abstract: To investigate the implicit and explicit prejudice of physical education (PE) students before, and following extensive professional training, and to examine the relationship of anti-fat prejudice to relevant psychosocial predictors. Implicit and explicit anti-fat prejudice of year one and three PE students (cross-sectional s le) were assessed and compared to a similarly matched (age, body mass index (BMI), education) s le of psychology students. Three hundred and forty-four university students, 180 PE students, 164 psychology students (67% female, mean age 20 years, BMI: mean 23.18 kg/m(2)). Measures of implicit and explicit anti-fat prejudice were administered to PE and psychology students in either their second week, or near completion of their third year, of university study. Physical identity, body esteem and social dominance orientation (SDO) were assessed in order to establish their relationship with anti-fat bias. PE students displayed higher levels of implicit anti-fat bias than psychology students, and other health professionals. Additionally, year three PE students displayed higher levels of implicit anti-fat attitudes than year one PE students. The higher implicit anti-fat biases exhibited by year three PE students were associated with SDO, and lower body esteem. Physical educators, and particularly those more socialized in the PE environment, display strong negative prejudice toward obese in iduals that is greater than that displayed by other groups. These prejudices appear to be supported by an over-investment in physical attributes, and ideological beliefs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2009.03.003
Abstract: Despite good theoretical and empirical rationale for assessing tendencies to make upward and downward physical appearance comparisons no measure for these specific constructs exists. The present work developed and tested the psychometric properties of upward and downward physical appearance comparison scales. The scales were administered to participants (N=224) along with measures of general appearance comparison tendencies, body image, disordered eating, Antifat and Antigay attitudes. The scales displayed good psychometric properties. Importantly, the upward but not downward physical appearance comparison scale predicted lower Appearance Evaluation and higher EAT-26 scores. Conversely, the downward but not upward physical appearance comparison scale predicted higher Appearance Evaluation and greater Antifat Attitudes (Dislike). The scales were unrelated to a nonappearance related construct. These new measures fill a gap in the literature and may be of benefit to researchers interested in body image, appearance concerns, eating disorders, social comparison, and obesity prejudice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.15756
Abstract: Homelessness is one of the most significant harms associated with gambling and appears to affect older adults disproportionately, but the relationship has received little research attention. This exploratory study investigated how gambling and homelessness is linked in older adults. Using qualitative research methods, we undertook in‐depth semi structured face‐to‐face in idual and group interviews to gather data from a purposive s le ( n = 48) of key informants working in service provision for older adults (aged 50+ years) experiencing gambling‐related harm and/or homelessness in Victoria, Australia. Thematic analysis of data focused on evaluating mechanisms and identifying contextual conditions that activate pathways between gambling and homelessness. The relationship between gambling and homelessness in older adults is often indirect and non‐linear, and can represent a reflexive cycle. Experiencing periods of homelessness into older age can contribute to gambling, often because the adverse impacts of homelessness on older adults’ mental and material wellbeing increase the appeal of gambling. Additionally, comorbidities (e.g. substance use, mental illness, past trauma) and structural conditions (e.g. gambling accessibility, poverty, housing insecurity) can activate gambling. Furthermore, because gambling in the older homeless adult population is frequently hidden and regularly overlooked by service providers, it often continues unabated. Gambling in older adults can also contribute to the onset of first‐time homelessness. Large and rapid losses from high‐intensity gambling frequently characterize this route to homelessness. Such gambling is often triggered by major life events and changes (e.g. bereavement, job loss, relationship difficulties), and the outcomes are often worsened by the conduct of gambling operators and creditors. The link between gambling and homelessness in older adults is complex, with connecting mechanisms often contingent upon in idual, interpersonal and structural conditions and contexts. There is potential for preventative and ameliorative action given many of the underlying conditions appear modifiable through policy intervention.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12020294
Abstract: There is increasing scientific and public support for the notion that some foods may be addictive, and that poor weight control and obesity may, for some people, stem from having a food addiction. However, it remains unclear how a food addiction model (FAM) explanation for obesity and weight control will affect weight stigma. In two experiments (N = 530 and N = 690), we tested the effect of a food addiction explanation for obesity and weight control on weight stigma. In Experiment 1, participants who received a FAM explanation for weight control and obesity reported lower weight stigma scores (e.g., less dislike of ‘fat people’, and lower personal willpower blame) than those receiving an explanation emphasizing diet and exercise (F(4,525) = 7.675, p = 0.006 and F(4,525) = 5.393, p = 0.021, respectively). In Experiment 2, there was a significant group difference for the dislike of ‘fat people’ stigma measure (F(5,684) = 5.157, p = 0.006), but not for personal willpower weight stigma (F(5,684) = 0.217, p = 0.81). Participants receiving the diet and exercise explanation had greater dislike of ‘fat people’ than those in the FAM explanation and control group (p values 0.05), with no difference between the FAM and control groups (p 0.05). The FAM explanation for weight control and obesity did not increase weight stigma and resulted in lower stigma than the diet and exercise explanation that attributes obesity to personal control. The results highlight the importance of health messaging about the causes of obesity and the need for communications that do not exacerbate weight stigma.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JECP.2015.10.008
Abstract: Anti-fat prejudice (weight bias, obesity stigma) is strong, prevalent, and increasing in adults and is associated with negative outcomes for those with obesity. However, it is unknown how early in life this prejudice forms and the reasons for its development. We examined whether infants and toddlers might display an anti-fat bias and, if so, whether it was influenced by maternal anti-fat attitudes through a process of social learning. Mother-child dyads (N=70) split into four age groups participated in a preferential looking paradigm whereby children were presented with 10 pairs of average and obese human figures in random order, and their viewing times (preferential looking) for the figures were measured. Mothers' anti-fat prejudice and education were measured along with mothers' and fathers' body mass index (BMI) and children's television viewing time. We found that older infants (M=11months) had a bias for looking at the obese figures, whereas older toddlers (M=32months) instead preferred looking at the average-sized figures. Furthermore, older toddlers' preferential looking was correlated significantly with maternal anti-fat attitudes. Parental BMI, education, and children's television viewing time were unrelated to preferential looking. Looking times might signal a precursor to explicit fat prejudice socialized via maternal anti-fat attitudes.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820224.V1
Abstract: Event-free survival per central review and objective response rate in patients ≥70 years
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2015
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2015.32
Abstract: As rates of obesity have increased throughout much of the world, so too have bias and prejudice toward people with higher body weight (that is, weight bias). Despite considerable evidence of weight bias in the United States, little work has examined its extent and antecedents across different nations. The present study conducted a multinational examination of weight bias in four Western countries with comparable prevalence rates of adult overweight and obesity. Using comprehensive self-report measures with 2866 in iduals in Canada, the United States, Iceland and Australia, the authors assessed (1) levels of explicit weight bias (using the Fat Phobia Scale and the Universal Measure of Bias) and multiple sociodemographic predictors (for ex le, sex, age, race/ethnicity and educational attainment) of weight-biased attitudes and (2) the extent to which weight-related variables, including participants' own body weight, personal experiences with weight bias and causal attributions of obesity, play a role in expressions of weight bias in different countries. The extent of weight bias was consistent across countries, and in each nation attributions of behavioral causes of obesity predicted stronger weight bias, as did beliefs that obesity is attributable to lack of willpower and personal responsibility. In addition, across all countries the magnitude of weight bias was stronger among men and among in iduals without family or friends who had experienced this form of bias. These findings offer new insights and important implications regarding sociocultural factors that may fuel weight bias across different cultural contexts, and for targets of stigma-reduction efforts in different countries.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1159/000277067
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2019.05.019
Abstract: Recent clinical studies illustrate that psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin may represent much-needed new treatment options for mood disorders and alcohol and other drug use disorders. More clinical studies are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapies, but the cultural stigma that has surrounded psychedelics since the 1960s has hindered research. This problem is lified in Australia. There has been a complete absence of research into psychedelic therapies, and Australian-based research advocates claim to have encountered a number of barriers. In this commentary, we provide a brief account of the historical stigma associated with psychedelics, and an overview of the contemporary context of research into psychedelic-assisted therapies, including the purported barriers to research in Australia. In light of the complex history of psychedelics, we identify a number of pressing questions relating to the social and legal context that need to be addressed so that clinical studies can proceed. Research is needed to address such questions so that the nature and extent of purported barriers to clinical studies with psychedelics can be properly elucidated, and strategies developed - with practitioners, patients, families and other stakeholders - to responsibly address these barriers. This is important because it will enable Australian researchers to contribute robust evidence about the possible efficacy and safety of psychedelic therapies, and to facilitate local expertise needed to implement psychedelic-assisted therapies, should they prove efficacious.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2017.02.013
Abstract: The concept of food addiction is increasingly used in the academic literature and popular media to explain some forms of overweight and obesity. However, there is limited evidence on how this term is understood by and impacts overweight and obese in iduals. This qualitative study investigated the views of overweight and obese in iduals on food addiction, and its likely impact upon stigma, treatment-seeking, and support for public policies to reduce overeating. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 overweight and obese in iduals (M
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.15352
Abstract: Restrictions to alcohol availability during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia included closures of businesses where alcohol is sold for on‐premises consumption (pubs, bars, restaurants and cafes), but not where alcohol is sold for off‐premises consumption (take‐away and home delivery). This study aimed to compare beer consumption before and after restrictions to alcohol availability during the first and second waves of COVID‐19 in Australia. Interrupted time–series analysis. Australia. Estimated resident population aged 15+ years. Seasonally adjusted estimates of beer per capita consumption measured in litres of alcohol (LALs) per week, disaggregated by on‐ and off‐premises sales. First‐wave restrictions (week beginning 23 March 2020) were associated with a significant immediate reduction in on‐premises beer per capita consumption [−0.013 LALs, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.013 to –0.012, P = 0.001], but no significant change in off‐premises beer per capita consumption. Partial removal of first‐wave restrictions (week beginning 18 May 2020) was associated with a significant immediate increase in on‐premises beer per capita consumption (+0.003 LALs, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.004, P = 0.006), but no significant change in off‐premises beer per capita consumption. Second‐wave restrictions (week beginning 06 July 2020) were associated with a significant immediate reduction in on‐premises beer per capita consumption (−0.004 LALs, 95% CI = −0.006 to –0.002, P = 0.001) but, again, no significant change in off‐premises beer per capita consumption. Restricting the availability of on‐premises alcohol during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia was associated with significant reductions in on‐premises beer consumption, but no significant changes in off‐premises beer consumption.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2008
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2008.53
Abstract: To compare the strength of weight bias to other common biases, and to develop a psychometrically sound measure to assess and compare bias against different targets. A total of 368 university students (75.4% women, 47.6% white, mean age: 21.53 years, mean body mass index (BMI): 23.01 kg/m(2)). A measure was developed to assess bias against different targets. Three versions of the universal measure of bias (UMB) were developed and validated, each focusing on either 'fat,' 'gay' or 'Muslim' in iduals. These were administered to participants, along with two established scales of bias against each target and a measure of socially desirable response style. The UMB demonstrated good internal consistency, appropriate item-total and inter-item correlations, and a clear factor structure suggesting components of Negative Judgment, Distance, Attraction and Equal Rights. Construct validity was indicated by strong correlations between established measures of bias and each corresponding version of the new scale. In contrast to previously established measures of weight bias, the new measure was independent of socially desirable response style. Although homosexual orientation was associated with lower gay bias (P<0.05), greater BMI was not associated with any decrease in weight bias. When comparing the relative strength of bias against different targets, weight bias was significantly greater than bias against both gays and Muslims (P<0.001). Weight bias is significantly stronger than other major targets of bias. This is the first study to develop a universal measure to assess bias against different targets. The excellent psychometric properties of this measure will permit further investigation into the relative severity of different types of prejudice over time and across s les. The present findings suggest that the pervasive discrimination against obese in iduals may be more socially acceptable than discrimination against other groups.
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437820.V1
Abstract: Mixed model with repeated measures for change from baseline for prespecified patient-reported outcomes endpoints in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820224
Abstract: Event-free survival per central review and objective response rate in patients ≥70 years
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2010.12.025
Abstract: Research has shown that college students participating in athletics drink more than other students, yet relatively few studies have examined variables that are associated with alcohol-related outcomes among this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among trait urgency, general drinking motives and sport-related drinking motives, and both alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Data were collected from 198 college students participating in either intercollegiate or recreational athletics at three U.S. universities. Structural equation modeling was used to examine a series of theoretically derived explanatory models. All variables included in the model were directly associated with alcohol use and/or alcohol-related problems. The specific patterns of relationships differed across the motives and trait urgency variables. Sport-related coping motives, sport-related positive reinforcement motives, and general enhancement motives had direct relationships with alcohol use, while trait urgency, general coping motives, and sport-related positive reinforcement motives had direct relationships with alcohol-related problems. Several indirect effects on alcohol use and alcohol-related problems were also found. This study suggests that general drinking motives, sport-related drinking motives, and trait urgency all serve as important predictors of alcohol-related outcomes in college athletes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/POPS.12488
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22437814.V1
Abstract: Tabulated data supporting ZUMA-7 elderly analysis Supplementary Table S1. Patient-reported outcomes instruments Supplementary Table S2. Axi-cel delivery and administration time Supplementary Table S3. Summary of efficacy and safety outcomes in patients ≥65 years versus all patients in ZUMA-7 Supplementary Table S4. Serious adverse events in at least 3 patients in patients ≥65 years Supplementary Table S5. Summary of cytopenias present on or after 90 days from initiation of definitive therapy on protocol in patients ≥65 years Supplementary Table S6. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥65 years (safety analysis set) Supplementary Table S7. Summary of serum analytes in patients years versus ≥65 years in the axi-cel arm (N = 170) Supplementary Table S8. Most common adverse events, cytokine release syndrome, and neurologic events in patients ≥70 years Supplementary Table S9. Deaths in axi-cel and SOC arms for patients ≥70 years Supplementary Table S10. Baseline characteristics for quality-of-life analysis in patients ≥65 years Supplementary Table S11. Mixed model with repeated measures estimated difference in change from baseline for prespecified patient-reported outcomes measures (quality-of-life analysis set) in patients ≥65 years
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.22820221
Abstract: Overall survival (interim) and progression-free survival in patients ≥70 years
Location: United States of America
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 03-2016
End Date: 06-2019
Amount: $288,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 01-2013
End Date: 12-2017
Amount: $154,177.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity