ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9443-0682
Current Organisation
University of Sydney
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JVIM.15648
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 08-2004
Abstract: We have previously shown rapid in vitro recovery of barrier function in porcine ischemic-injured ileal mucosa, attributable principally to reductions in paracellular permeability. However, these experiments did not take into account the effects of luminal contents, such as bile salts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of physiological concentrations of deoxycholic acid in recovery of mucosal barrier function. Porcine ileum was subjected to 45 min of ischemia, after which mucosa was mounted in Ussing chambers and exposed to varying concentrations of deoxycholic acid. The ischemic episode resulted in significant reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), which recovered to control levels of TER within 120 min, associated with significant reductions in mucosal-to-serosal 3 H-labeled mannitol flux. However, treatment of ischemic-injured tissues with 10 −5 M deoxycholic acid significantly inhibited recovery of TER with significant increases in mucosal-to-serosal 3 H-labeled mannitol flux, whereas 10 −6 M deoxycholic acid had no effect. Histological evaluation at 120 min revealed complete restitution regardless of treatment, indicating that the breakdown in barrier function was due to changes in paracellular permeability. Similar effects were noted with the application of 10 −5 M taurodeoxycholic acid, and the effects of deoxycholic acid were reversed with application of the Ca 2+ -mobilizing agent thapsigargin. Deoxycholic acid at physiological concentrations significantly impairs recovery of epithelial barrier function by an effect on paracellular pathways, and these effects appear to be Ca 2+ dependent.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-08-2007
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 10-2004
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4702-4708.2004
Abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of molecular fingerprinting for assessment of bacterial ersity in canine duodenal juice and to evaluate the variation in the small intestinal microflora at repeated s ling. Two groups of dogs were used. Duodenal juice was collected from eight dogs euthanized for an unrelated project (group 1). Duodenal juice was also collected endoscopically from six dogs at weekly intervals for a total of 3 weeks (group 2). The variable V6-V8 region of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA was lified, and PCR licons separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The reproducibility of DGGE profiles and variations in bacterial ersity between dogs were evaluated by comparing similarity indices (Dice's coefficient 100% represents complete identity) of DGGE profiles from group 1 dogs. Weekly variations in the flora of the small intestine were evaluated by comparison of DGGE profiles from different time points within the same in iduals in group 2. The mean (± standard deviation) similarity of DGGE profiles of duodenal juice between the dogs in group 1 was 38.3 ± 15.7% (range, 12.5 to 76.65%). There was a significantly higher variation in DGGE profiles between different dogs than between duplicates obtained from the same dog ( P 0.0001). DGGE profiles from s les collected at different time points varied within in iduals, possibly due to variation over time or slight variation in s ling location. DGGE profiles indicate that dogs have a highly erse microflora of the small intestine, with marked differences between in idual dogs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1939-1676.2009.0308.X
Abstract: Serum cobalamin concentrations below reference range are a common consequence of gastrointestinal disease in cats. Serum cobalamin <or= 100 ng/L is associated with methylmalonic acidemia. To determine the prevalence of cobalamin deficiency, defined by elevated serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), in cats with serum cobalamin <or= 290 ng/L, and the optimum serum cobalamin concentration to predict cobalamin deficiency in cats. SAMPLE SET: Residual serum s les (n = 206) from cats with serum cobalamin 867 nmol/L. Sensitivity and specificity of serum cobalamin concentrations 867 nmol/L were analyzed using a receiver-operator characteristic curve. There was a negative correlation between serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations (Spearman's r=-0.74, P or= 867 nmol/L in cats with serum cobalamin <or= 290 ng/L was 68.4%. Serum cobalamin 867 nmol/L. No significant difference in serum folate concentrations was detected between affected and unaffected cats. Elevated MMA concentrations, suggesting cobalamin deficiency, are common in cats with serum cobalamin <or= 290 ng/L. Cobalamin deficiency is clinically significant, and supplementation with parenteral cobalamin is recommended for cats with gastrointestinal disease and low serum cobalamin concentrations.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 03-2006
Abstract: Objective —To assess intestinal mucosal function by measuring permeability and absorptive capacity in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) before and after treatment and to determine whether those variables were correlated with clinical disease activity or histologic scoring of intestinal biopsy specimens. Animals —29 dogs with CE. Procedure —Dogs were designated as having dietresponsive CE or CE requiring glucorticoid treatment. Severity of clinical signs was assessed by calculating the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI). Histologic severity of intestinal infiltration was assessed before and after 4 weeks of treatment in the diet-responsive group and before and after 10 weeks of treatment in the glucocorticoid group. Gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were assessed by use of intragastric administration of a solution containing lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, 3-O-methylglucose, and sucrose. Urine was collected 6 hours after administration of the sugar solution to determine urinary lactulose-to-rhamnose (L:R), xylose-to-methylglucose (X:M), and sucrose-to-methylglucose (S:M) ratios. Results —Median CIBDAI scores decreased significantly in both groups of dogs after treatment. However, the median histologic grade of intestinal biopsy specimens did not change with treatment in either group. There were no significant differences in L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios after treatment in either group and no significant correlations between L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios and CIBDAI or histologic scores. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Results of tests for intestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were not useful indicators of clinical disease activity as assessed by the CIBDAI or the sever ity of infiltration as indicated by histologic evaluation.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 09-2004
DOI: 10.2460/AJVR.2004.65.1195
Abstract: Objective —To purify and partially characterize feline pepsinogen (fPG) from the gastric mucosa and compare fPG with PGs of other species. S le Population —Stomachs of 6 cats. Procedure —A crude protein extract was prepared from the gastric mucosa of feline stomachs. Feline PG A was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, weak-anion-exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and strong-anion exchange chromatography. Partial characterization consisted of estimation of molecular weights (MWs) and isoelectric points, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and investigation of susceptibility to pepstatin inhibition. Results —Several fPG A-group isoforms were identified. The MWs of the isoforms ranged from 37,000 to 44,820. Isoelectric points were all pH 3.0. The proteolytic activity of the activated PGs was inhibited completely by pepstatin in a range of equimolar to 10- fold molar excess. The specific absorbance of fPG A was 1.29. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 25 residues of the predominant fPG A7 had 75%, 72%, 64%, and 56% homology with PG A of dogs, rabbits, cattle, and humans, respectively. Sequences of 4 other fPG A-group isoforms were similar to fPG A7. All isoforms were immunologically cross-reactive with sheep anti-fPG A7 antiserum. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —PG A is the only identified type of PG in cats and, similar to pg in other species, comprises multiple isoforms. The availability of fPG A may be used to facilitate the development of an immunoassay to quantify serum fPG A as a potential marker for gastric disorders in cats. ( Am J Vet Res 2004 :1195–1199)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JSAP.12962
Abstract: A 9-year, 6-month old spayed female Jack Russell terrier presented with a 3-week history of intermittent vomiting, diarrhoea and weight loss. Serum biochemistry demonstrated severe panhypoproteinaemia, mild hypocalcaemia and mild hypocholesterolaemia, consistent with protein-losing enteropathy. Full-thickness biopsies obtained from the stomach and different sections of small intestine demonstrated histological features of both myenteric ganglionitis and early intestinal leiomyositis. Complete resolution of clinical signs occurred within 1 week of implementing immunosuppressive therapy. At the time of writing, 9 months following diagnosis, the dog remains in remission.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.TVJL.2012.09.019
Abstract: Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal lymphoma are common disorders in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate fecal α(1)-PI concentrations, a marker of gastrointestinal protein loss, in cats with histopathological evidence of gastrointestinal inflammation or gastrointestinal neoplasia. Fecal and serum s les were obtained from 20 cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease in which endoscopic biopsies were performed. Two groups of cats were assembled based on histopathology: Group A (n = 8), mild to moderate IBD Group B (n = 12), severe IBD or gastrointestinal neoplasia. Fecal α(1)-PI concentrations and serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, cobalamin, folate, pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, and trypsin-like immunoreactivity were determined. Nineteen of the 20 diseased cats had elevated fecal α(1)-PI concentrations, ranging from 1.9 to 233.6 μg/g compared to 20 healthy control cats (normal range: ≤1.6 μg/g). Fecal α(1)-PI concentrations were statistically significantly different between healthy cats and cats of Group A (median: 3.9 μg/g, range: 1.3-9.2 μg/g, P < 0.001) or cats of Group B (median: 20.6 μg/g, 4.3-233.6 μg/g P < 0.001), and between cats of Groups A and B (P < 0.01). Hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypocobalaminemia were detected in 88%, 83%, and 56% of the diseased cats, respectively. This study suggests that increased fecal α(1)-PI concentrations in association with low serum albumin and total protein concentrations may be a common finding in cats with IBD or gastrointestinal neoplasia. Furthermore, fecal α(1)-PI concentrations appear to be higher in cats with severe IBD or confirmed gastrointestinal neoplasia when compared to cats with mild to moderate IBD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-08-2020
DOI: 10.1136/VETRECCR-2020-001122
Abstract: A one‐year‐old male neuter dog initially presented with clinical signs of pharyngitis and suspected oesophageal reflux. The dog subsequently developed unilateral (left side) Horner's syndrome. CT examination of the head and neck revealed a large mixed bone and soft tissue density lesion filling the majority of the left tympanic bulla and extending into the jugular foramen. Marked atrophy of the left sternocephalicus and brachiocephalicus muscles was present. Following recovery from anaesthesia, the dog suffered regurgitation and aspiration, resulting in respiratory and cardiac arrest. Given the imaging findings and grave prognosis, the dog's owners elected euthanasia. Autopsy examination revealed a tympanic bulla osteoma. The combination of cranial nerve IX, X and XI dysfunction, associated with disease of the jugular foramen, supports a diagnosis of Vernet's syndrome in this patient.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 06-2007
Abstract: Objective —To purify neutrophil elastase (NE) from dog blood and develop and validate an ELISA for the measurement of canine NE (cNE) in canine serum as a marker for gastrointestinal tract inflammation. S le Population —Neutrophils from 6 dogs immediately after they were euthanatized and serum from 54 healthy dogs. Procedures —cNE was purified from blood by use of dextran sedimentation, repeated cycles of freezing-thawing and sonication, cation-exchange chromatography, and continuous elution electrophoresis. Antibodies against cNE were generated in rabbits, and an ELISA was developed and validated by determination of sensitivity, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, intra-assay variability, and interassay variability. A reference range was established by assaying serum s les from the 54 healthy dogs and by use of the lower 97.5th percentile. Results —cNE was successfully purified from blood, and antibodies were successfully generated in rabbits. An ELISA was developed with a sensitivity of 1,100 μg/L. The reference range was established as 2,239 μg/L. Ratios of observed-to-expected results for dilutional parallelism for 4 serum s les ranged from 85.4% to 123.1%. Accuracy, as determined by spiking recovery, ranged from 27.1% to 114.0%. Coefficient of variation for 4 serum s les was 14.2%, 16.0%, 16.8%, and 13.4%, respectively, for intra-assay variability and 15.4%, 15.0%, 10.5%, and 14.6%, respectively, for interassay variability. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —The purification protocol used here resulted in rapid and reproducible purification of cNE with a high yield. The novel ELISA yielded linear results and was accurate and precise. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this assay.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JVIM.12152
Abstract: Serum cobalamin concentration [CBL] suggests CBL deficiency in cats but serum methylmalonic acid concentration [MMA] more accurately indicates CBL deficiency. To examine the ability of [CBL] to predict CBL deficiency defined by increased [MMA], and relationships of [CBL] and [MMA] with select clinical and clinicopathological variables. One hundred sixty-three client-owned cats with [CBL] measurements, 114 cats with simultaneous [MMA] measurements 88 cats with medical information. Prospectively collected [CBL] and [MMA] were compared using scatter plots, receiver operating characteristic and correlative analyses with historical [CBL] thresholds and those identified in the study. [CBL] and [MMA] were compared retrospectively to specific clinical and clinicopathological variables. [CBL] correlated negatively with [MMA] (τ = -0.334, P 900 pg/mL and 290 pg/mL (historical thresholds). [CBL] correlated with mean corpuscular volume (τ = -0.199, P = .013) and [MMA] with hematocrit (τ = -0.28, P = .006). Cobalamin deficiency ([MMA] ≥ 1,343 nmol/L) occurred in 42% of cats and is predicted with high specificity by [CBL] ≤ 209 pg/mL. CBL status correlates with microcytosis and anemia. Discordance between [CBL] and [MMA] cautions against relying on any single marker for determining CBL status.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.TVJL.2019.03.002
Abstract: Calprotectin is a useful biomarker of inflammation in dogs. However, the biological variation of serum canine calprotectin is unknown. Indices of biological variation were determined in serial serum s les (n=147) from 11 healthy dogs (males/females: 4/7, median age: 5 years): analytical (3.0%), intra-in idual (29.9%), and inter-in idual variation (33.2%), reciprocal index of in iduality (1.1), and index of heterogeneity (4.9). Serum calprotectin concentrations measured by ELISA and by the previous radioimmunoassay were highly correlated, but a constant and proportional bias exists between both assays. A de novo ELISA-reference interval (RI) for serum calprotectin concentration was established (0.6-11.8mg/L). Moderate changes in serum calprotectin (minimum critical difference: 6.4mg/L) between sequential measurements are needed to be considered relevant, and a population-based RI may or may not be appropriate for serum calprotectin.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 09-2003
DOI: 10.2460/AJVR.2003.64.1146
Abstract: Objective —To develop and validate an ELISA for measurement of serum canine pepsinogen A (cPG A) as a diagnostic marker of gastric disorders in dogs and to measure serum cPG A in healthy dogs after food deprivation and after feeding. S le Population —Sera from 72 healthy dogs. Procedure —A sandwich ELISA was developed and validated. The reference range for serum concentrations of cPG A was determined in 64 healthy dogs. Postprandial changes in serum concentrations of cPG A were evaluated in 8 healthy dogs. Results —Assay sensitivity was 18 µg/L, and the maximum detectable concentration was 1,080 µg/L. The observed-to-expected ratio (O:E) for 3 serial dilutions of 3 serum s les ranged from 69.3 to 104.1%. The O:E for 3 serum s les spiked with 8 concentrations of cPG A ranged from 58.8 to 120.4%. Coefficients of variation for intra- and interassay variability of 3 serum s les ranged from 7.6 to 11.9% and from 10.1 to 13.1%, respectively. Mean ± SD serum concentration of cPG A in healthy dogs was 63.8 ± 31.0 µg/L and the reference range was 18 to 129 µg/L. Significant increases in serum concentrations of cPG A were observed between 1 and 7 hours after feeding. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —The ELISA for measuring cPG A was sufficiently sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible for clinical use. Serum concentrations of cPG A increase substantially after feeding, which should be taken into account when conducting clinical studies. ( Am J Vet Res 2003 :1146–1150)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1939-1676.2011.0729.X
Abstract: C-reactive protein (CRP) and specific canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (Spec cPL) are biomarkers of generalized or nonspecific inflammation and pancreatic inflammation in dogs, respectively. The extent of inter- and intrain idual variation over time of these analytes is not well defined in dogs. The minimal critical difference for sequential determinations of these markers (ie, the smallest change necessary to represent physiological change rather than biological variation), has not been defined. To determine the inter- and intrain idual variability (CV(G) and CV(I) ) and minimal critical difference for sequential determinations of serum CRP and Spec cPL concentrations in apparently healthy dogs. Eleven apparently healthy dogs owned by staff or students at a veterinary teaching hospital. Blood was collected repeatedly at varying intervals over 12 weeks. CRP and Spec cPL concentrations were determined with commercially available assays. Indices of inter-, intrain idual, and assay variability and 1-sided minimal critical differences for sequential concentrations were calculated. For CRP, CV(G) was 90.8%, CV(I) was 115.5%, and the analytical variability (CV(A) ) was 6.3% the index of in iduality was 0.74, and 1-sided critical difference was 269.9%. For Spec cPL, CV(G) = 49.48%, CV(I) = 193.8%, CV(A) = 8.4%, index of in iduality = 0.24, and 1-sided critical difference was 452.6%. A population-based reference range is appropriate for Spec cPL, but questionable for CRP in dogs. Large changes in serial measurements of Spec cPL are necessary to infer clinical importance, more modest changes in CRP are likely to be meaningful.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 08-2009
Abstract: Objective —To evaluate stability of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) in serum s les and to determine the effect of long-term administration of prednisone on serum cPLI concentrations. S le Population —8 canine serum s les for the stability evaluation and serum s les obtained from 6 healthy young adult heterozygous (carrier) dogs with X-linked hereditary nephritis for determining the effect of prednisone administration. Procedures —To evaluate stability of serum cPLI concentration, an aliquot of each serum s le was stored at each of 4 temperatures between −80° and 24°C s les were analyzed on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. To determine the effect of long-term prednisone administration, pretreatment serum s les were obtained (days 0 and 14) and prednisone was administered (2.2 mg/kg, q 24 h, PO) on days 15 through 42, with serum s les obtained on days 28 and 42. Additional serum s les were obtained on days 56 and 70. Results —Mean serum cPLI concentrations did not change significantly from day 0 to day 21 regardless of storage temperature. Serum cPLI concentrations in dogs after prednisone administration were within the reference range for all dogs at all time points, and results of repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that serum cPLI concentrations did not change significantly over time. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Serum cPLI concentrations measured in canine serum s les stored at room temperature, in a refrigerator, or in a freezer at −20° or −80°C were stable for at least 21 days. Also, long-term prednisone administration to dogs did not significantly affect serum cPLI concentrations.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 02-2009
Abstract: Objective —To develop and validate a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for determination of N τ -methylhistamine (NMH) concentration in canine urine and fecal extracts and to assess urinary NMH concentrations in dogs with mast cell neoplasia and fecal NMH concentrations in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. S le Population —Urine specimens were collected from 6 healthy dogs and 7 dogs with mast cell neoplasia. Fecal extracts were obtained from fecal specimens of 28 dogs with various severities of protein-losing enteropathy, as indicated by fecal concentration of α 1 -proteinase inhibitor. Procedures —NMH was extracted directly from urine, and fecal specimens were first extracted into 5 volumes of PBSS containing 1% newborn calf serum. N τ -methylhistamine in specimens was quantified via stable isotope dilution GC-MS. The assay was validated via determination of percentage recovery of known amounts of NMH and interassay coefficients of variation. Urinary excretion of NMH was evaluated by means of NMH-to-creatinine concentration ratios. Results —Recovery of NMH in urine and fecal extracts averaged 104.6% and 104.5%, respectively. Interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 5.4% to 11.7% in urine and 12.6% to 18.1% in fecal extracts. Urinary NMH excretion was significantly increased in dogs with mast cell neoplasia, compared with that in healthy dogs. No correlation was detected between severity of protein-losing enteropathy and fecal NMH concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —This method provided a sensitive, reproducible means of measuring NMH in canine urine and fecal extracts. High urinary NMH-to-creatinine concentration ratios in dogs with mast cell neoplasia are consistent with increased histamine release in this disease.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 02-2006
Abstract: Objective —To detect matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in serum and CSF and determine relationships between MMP activity and severity of disease, duration of clinical signs, and duration of hospitalization in dogs with acute intervertebral disk disease (IVDD). Animals —35 dogs with acute IVDD and 8 clinically normal control dogs. Procedure —CSF and serum were collected from affected and control dogs. Zymography was used to detect MMP-9. Results —Activity of MMP-9 in CSF was detected in 6 of 35 dogs with IVDD activity was significantly more common in dogs with duration of signs 24 hours. Paraplegic dogs were more likely to have MMP-9 activity in the CSF than non-paraplegic dogs. No significant difference in hospitalization time was detected in dogs with IVDD between those with and without activity of MMP-9 in the CSF. Serum MMP-9 was detected more frequently in dogs with IVDD than in control dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Data were consistent with results of experimental rodent spinal cord injury studies that indicate that MMP-9 is expressed early during secondary injury.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JFMS.2009.10.004
Abstract: An 11-year-old cat presented for evaluation of intermittent vomiting, constipation and hyporexia of 3 weeks duration. Ultrasonographic and endoscopic examination revealed a soft tissue mass adjacent to the lower gastro-esophageal sphincter. Surgical excision of the mass was successfully performed resulting in a resolution of clinical signs. Histologically the mass was consistent with a smooth muscle hamartoma. At follow-up 7 months after surgery, the cat remained free from clinical signs.
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.2460/AJVR.2005.66.1556
Abstract: Objective —To evaluate the qualitative variation in bacterial microflora among compartments of the intestinal tract of dogs by use of a molecular fingerprinting technique. Animals —14 dogs (similarly housed and fed identical diets). Procedure —S les of intestinal contents were collected from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum of each dog. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the s les, and the variable V6 to V8 region of 16S ribosomal DNA (gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA) was lified by use of universal bacterial primers polymerase chain reaction licons were separated via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Similarity indices of DGGE banding patterns were used to assess variation in the bacterial microflora among different compartments of the intestine within and among dogs. Bacterial ersity was assessed by calculating the Simpson ersity index, the Shannon-Weaver ersity index, and evenness. Results —DGGE profiles indicated marked differences in bacterial composition of intestinal compartments among dogs (range of similarity, 25.6% to 36.6%) and considerable variation among compartments within in idual dogs (range of similarity, 36.7% to 57.9%). Similarities between neighboring intestinal compartments were significantly greater than those between non-neighboring compartments. Diversity indices for the colon and rectum were significantly higher than those of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Results indicated that the different intestinal compartments of in idual dogs appear to host different bacterial populations, and these compartmental populations vary among dogs. In dogs, fecal s le analysis may not yield accurate information regarding the composition of bacterial populations in compartments of the gastrointestinal tract. ( Am J Vet Res 2005 :1556–1562)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1999
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00108-7
Abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with profound and broad ranging effects on many cell types. There have been few publications investigating the role of TNF in spontaneous disease processes of dogs, particularly the role of this cytokine during endotoxaemia, shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Plasma s les taken at presentation from 60 dogs with spontaneous acute pancreatitis of varying severity levels (scored 0-4 in ascending severity) were assessed for TNF activity by bioassay and total TNF protein levels through a dot-blot immunoassay. TNF activity by bioassay was detected in 31% (4/13) of dogs presenting with severe disease (>50% expected mortality) as defined using a scoring system for organ compromise, and was not detectable in the remaining animals or healthy controls. TNF activity was detected in 66% (4/6) animals in the highest severity group (Score 4), these animals were showing severe multiple organ dysfunction. Total TNF protein levels, measured by dot-blot immunoassay, exhibited a wide range in all severity groups and healthy dogs. Dogs with detectable TNF activity were not distinguished from the other severity or healthy groups by immunoassay. The absence of detectable differences in total TNF protein levels between the various severity groups suggests that other factors may be crucial in determining the role of TNF in spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis and subsequent endotoxaemia and shock.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-06-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JVIM.16743
Abstract: Serum protein biomarkers are used to diagnose, monitor treatment response, and to differentiate various forms of chronic enteropathies (CE) in humans. The utility of liquid biopsy proteomic approaches has not been examined in cats. To explore the serum proteome in cats to identify markers differentiating healthy cats from cats with CE. Ten cats with CE with signs of gastrointestinal disease of at least 3 weeks duration, and biopsy‐confirmed diagnoses, with or without treatment and 19 healthy cats were included. Cross‐sectional, multicenter, exploratory study with cases recruited from 3 veterinary hospitals between May 2019 and November 2020. Serum s les were analyzed and evaluated using mass spectrometry‐based proteomic techniques. Twenty‐six proteins were significantly ( P .02, ≥5‐fold change in abundance) differentially expressed between cats with CE and controls. Thrombospondin‐1 (THBS1) was identified with ‐fold increase in abundance in cats with CE ( P 0.001) compared to healthy cats. Damage to the gut lining released marker proteins of chronic inflammation that were detectable in serum s les of cats. This early‐stage exploratory study strongly supports THBS1 as a candidate biomarker for chronic inflammatory enteropathy in cats.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-03-2019
DOI: 10.1002/CCR3.2110
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JSAP.12702
Abstract: To determine if total serum cholesterol concentrations were altered in dogs with osteosarcoma. To evaluate association of total serum cholesterol concentration with clinical outcomes in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Retrospective, multi-institutional study on 64 dogs with osteosarcoma. Control population consisted of dogs with traumatic bone fractures (n=30) and healthy patients of similar age and weight as those of the osteosarcoma cases (n=31). Survival analysis was done on 35 appendicular osteosarcoma patients that received the current standard of care. Statistical associations were assessed by univariable and multi-variable analysis. Information about age, sex, primary tumour location, total cholesterol concentration, monocytes and lymphocyte counts and alkaline phosphatase were also included. Total cholesterol was elevated above the reference interval (3·89 to 7·12 mmol/L) (150 to 275 mg/dL) in 29 of 64 (45·3%) osteosarcoma-bearing dogs, whereas similar elevations were found in only 3 of 30 (10%) fracture controls (P<0·0001) and 2 of 31 (6·5%) similar age/weight controls (P=0·0002). Elevated total cholesterol was significantly associated with a reduced hazard ratio (0·27, P=0·008) for overall mortality in dogs with osteosarcoma. These results suggest that elevated total cholesterol is associated with canine osteosarcoma and may have prognostic significance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETIMM.2011.09.011
Abstract: S100A12 (calgranulin C) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein that has been proposed to play a central role in both innate and acquired immune responses. In humans, S100A12 has been reported to be increased in serum and/or plasma in patients with various inflammatory disorders, and this protein has been suggested to be a sensitive and specific marker for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An immunoassay for S100A12 is currently available for use in humans, but antibodies against the human protein do not cross-react with canine S100A12 (cS100A12). Both sensitive and specific markers for canine patients with systemic or localized inflammatory diseases are currently lacking, thus the aim of this study was to develop and analytically validate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the quantification of cS100A12 in serum and fecal specimens and to determine the biological variation of cS100A12 in serum from healthy dogs. A competitive liquid-phase RIA was developed and analytically validated by determining assay working range, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, and intra- and inter-assay variability. Reference intervals for serum and fecal concentrations of cS100A12 were established from 124 and 65 healthy dogs, respectively, and components of variation for serum cS100A12 were determined from 11 dogs over 2.6 months. The working range of the assay was 0.6-432.7 μg/L. No cross-reactivity was observed with the cS100A8/A9 protein complex, the closest structural analogues available. Observed-to-expected ratios (O/E) for the serial dilution of serum and fecal extracts ranged from 97.2 to 146.8% and from 75.3 to 129.8%, respectively. O/E for spiking recovery for serum and fecal extracts ranged from 87.8 to 130.4% and from 84.8 to 143.8%, respectively. Coefficients of variation (CV) for intra- and inter-assay variability for sera were ≤ 8.1% and ≤ 7.8%, respectively, and were ≤ 7.8% and ≤ 8.7%, respectively, for fecal extracts. Reference intervals for serum and fecal cS100A12 were 33.2-225.1 μg/L and <24-745 ng/g, respectively. For biological variability testing, analytical, intra-in idual, inter-in idual, and total CV were 5.7, 29.2, 31.2, and 66.0%, respectively, yielding an index of in iduality of 0.95 and a minimum critical difference (p<0.05) for sequential values of 84.9%. The RIA for cS100A12 measurement described here is analytically sensitive and specific, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible, and will facilitate further research into the clinical utility of quantifying serum and fecal cS100A12 in canine patients with inflammatory diseases. Moderate changes in serum cS100A12 concentrations may be clinically relevant however, the use of a population-based reference interval may require caution.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JVIM.15050
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.TVJL.2013.01.025
Abstract: Measurement of the water-soluble vitamin cobalamin has long been of interest as a marker of gastrointestinal disease in companion animals due to the highly localized presence of cobalamin receptors in the ileum. An increasing body of evidence suggests that cobalamin deficiency is an important co-morbidity in many companion animal patients with gastrointestinal and pancreatic disease. Congenital disorders of cobalamin absorption and cellular metabolism are also increasingly recognized in companion animal breeds. The early recognition of these disorders and timely treatment with parenteral cobalamin can be life-saving. In this article, the normal mechanisms of cobalamin absorption, the use of cobalamin as a marker of intestinal disease and data on the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia in a variety of diseases are described. The prognostic impact of and rational therapy for hypocobalaminemia in domestic animals are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1939-165X.2012.00473.X
Abstract: The degree of biological variation in routinely measured concentrations and activities of biochemical analytes has not been well defined in client-owned pet dogs. The aim of this study was to define indices of biological variation and, where appropriate, indices of in iduality and critical change values for routinely measured serum biochemical analytes in a group of clinically healthy dogs owned and housed privately. A prospective cohort study was conducted. Serum s les obtained from clinically healthy adult dogs at varying intervals over a 12-week period were analyzed. For each s le, a panel of 14 analytes was measured. Three levels of outlier analyses were applied (analytical, intra-in idual, and inter-in idual), followed by nested ANOVA to calculate intra-in idual, inter-in idual, and analytical coefficients of variation (CV(I), CV(G), and CV(A), respectively). Specimens from 11 dogs were analyzed. In iduality indices ranged from 0.9 for glucose and total triglyceride concentrations to 3.4 for ALT activity. Analytical variation (CV(A) ) was > ½ CV(I) for 9/14 analytes, failing to meet criteria for acceptable analytical variation when defining critical change values. Where analyzer performance was acceptable, critical change values ranged from 26.4% for glucose concentration to 84.0% for total triglyceride concentration. Many frequently measured analytes included in routine serum biochemical panels have high in iduality. Thus, use of standard reference intervals to monitor changes over time in an in idual is likely to miss meaningful biological change.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-04-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JVIM.16682
Abstract: Chronic enteropathy (CE) is common in dogs and can occur with multiple etiologies including food‐responsive enteropathy (FRE) and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To study the protein profile and pathway differences among dogs with FRE, IBD, and healthy controls using serum proteome analysis. Nine CE dogs with signs of gastrointestinal disease and histologically confirmed chronic inflammatory enteropathy and 16 healthy controls. A cross‐sectional study with cases recruited from 2 veterinary hospitals between May 2019 and November 2020 was performed. Serum s les were analyzed using mass spectrometry‐based proteomic techniques. Proteomic profiles showed marked variation in relative protein abundances. Forty‐five proteins were significantly ( P ≤ .01) differentially expressed among the dogs with CE and controls with ≥2‐fold change in abundance. The fold change of dogs with IBD normalized to controls was more pronounced for the majority of proteins than that seen in the dogs with FRE normalized to control dogs. Proteins involving reactive oxygen species, cytokine activation, acute phase response signaling, and lipid metabolism were altered in dogs with CE. Cytokine alterations, acute phase response signaling, and lipid metabolism are likely involved in pathogenesis of CE. Although there are insufficient current data to justify the use of proteomic biomarkers for assessment of CE in dogs, our study identifies potential candidates.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00159-8
Abstract: The expression of CD11b and oxidative burst activity of dog neutrophils undergoing ex vivo refrigerated storage was studied using flow-cytometry . Additionally, the effect of a proprietary cell stabilization reagent (Cyto-Chex) on the expression of CD11b and oxidative burst activity was studied. Expression of CD11b was very high (>90% positive) on dog neutr ophils isolated from peripheral blood. Dog neutrophils showed a rapid and sustained increase in CD11b antigen density (P<0.01) during refrigerated storage, this increase was prevented by treatment with Cyto-Chex but was not completely blocked on the first day. There were no significant differences in mean antigen density between any days in the non-preserved group or between Days 1 to 4 in the Cyto-Chex treated group. The non-treated group showed significantly greater mean antigen density at all time points when compared to the preservative treated group (P<0.0001). Treatment with Cyto-Chex did not interfere with measurement of oxidative burst function on the first 2 days. Alterations of both resting oxidative activity and stimulated response were observed over time in both treated and untreated blood s les. Cyto-Chex treated s les showed a dramatic, significant decline in stimulated response after the third day of storage (P<0.001), while non-treated cells showed steadily increasing, but non-significant differences in stimulated response. Cyto-Chex was demonstrated to be a useful reagent for stabilization of dog neutrophil membrane antigens during storage, however this reagent is not recommended for preservation of cells for functional assays.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2013
DOI: 10.1111/VCP.12039
Abstract: A chronic loss of canine α1 -proteinase inhibitor (cα1 -PI) into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract could change the systemic proteinase-proteinase inhibitor balance. Serum cα1 -PI concentrations have not been studied in dogs with well-defined GI diseases. To further evaluate serum cα1 -PI concentrations in dogs with GI diseases, the objectives of this study were to (1) analytically validate a previously developed fecal cα1 -PI immunoassay to determine serum concentrations, (2) determine a population-based reference interval (RI) and assess the clinical utility, (3) determine stability of serum cα1 -PI, (4) determine the intra-in idual variation in healthy dogs, and (5) determine the clinically relevant magnitude of change of serum cα1 -PI. Prestudy validation of the (125) I-cα1 -PI immunoassay included linearity, spiking recovery, and intra- and inter-assay precision. A RI was calculated with s les of healthy dogs. Stability at -20°C was tested on 36 s les. Intra-in idual variation was assessed using s les collected from 11 healthy dogs over a 12-week period. The cα1 -PI radioimmunoassay (RIA) was linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible. Serum cα1 -PI decreased by 11% after one year at -20°C. Analytical, intra-in idual, inter-in idual, and total variation were 6.4, 9.9, 9.0, and 25.3%, respectively. The RI for serum cα1 -PI was 732-1802 mg/L (n = 87) there were no differences between sex and age groups. The index of in iduality was 1.31. As analytical variation was > ½ inter-in idual variation, the minimum critical difference was not determined. The results of this study provide the basis for further evaluating serum cα1 -PI in dogs with GI disease. Using a population-based RI for serum cα1 -PI appears to be appropriate.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2013
DOI: 10.1111/VEC.12115
Abstract: To assess the effect of transfusion using a syringe and microaggregate filter on short-term survival and circulating half-life of autologous feline RBCs. Prospective, internally controlled, observational study. A University Teaching Hospital Six apparently healthy, owned cats. Blood collection by jugular venipuncture. Transfusion with labeled, autologous, fresh RBCs. Anticoagulated whole blood (35 mL/cat) was collected in 2 equal aliquots. RBCs were washed and labeled at 2 different biotin densities, before suspension in autologous plasma. Labeled RBCs were then transfused using 2 methods, gravity flow and pump delivery using a 20 mL syringe and 18 μm microaggregate filter. Whole blood s les were collected from each cat at 2-hour intervals for 12 hours following completion of the transfusions. Additional s les were collected at weekly intervals up to 6 weeks to assess circulating half-life of the transfused cells. Cell survival was assessed via flow cytometry. The proportion of transfused cells remaining in each of the 2 populations was measured. Biotinylated RBCs were readily detected in all cats over the 6-week s ling period. There was a significant decrease in both populations of labeled cells over the 6-week period (P < 0.01), as expected. There was no difference in probability that the RBCs would survive up to 12 hours immediately following transfusion, and no significant difference in survival between the 2 groups over 6 weeks. The average half-life of all labeled cells was approximately 23 days. We conclude that, in contrast to findings from dogs, transfusion of autologous feline RBCs using a syringe + aggregate filter method does not significantly impact short- or long-term survival of the transfused cells.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-05-2011
Location: New Zealand
No related grants have been discovered for Craig Ruaux.