ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3897-667X
Current Organisations
University of Western Australia
,
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
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Publisher: Springer US
Date: 2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2019.01.003
Abstract: To evaluate the effects of 12-weeks of strength training on endothelial function and inflammatory markers in elderly in iduals with T2DM. Forty-four elderly patients with T2DM were screened for participation. After completion of the baseline assessment, participants were randomly assigned to either the resistance training group (RT) or an active control group (AC). Inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 and CRP) and blood lipid profiles, glycated hemoglobin, basal artery diameter and flow mediated dilation were evaluated before and after the intervention. Comparisons between groups were obtained from the generalized estimation equation and all tests were two-tailed and the alpha level for significance set at 0.05. TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased in both groups, while no interactions were found for flow mediated dilation and basal artery diameter. No significant differences were found for blood lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin for both groups after the intervention period. No significant changes were found between the RT and AC groups, regarding inflammatory profile and endothelial function, which does not prove the superiority of this intervention model in the studied period.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2018
Abstract: In this meta-analysis, we investigated the effect of resistance training (RT) alone or included in a multimodal training on physical frailty outcomes, and whether different variables of RT prescription affect these outcomes. We identified 15 relevant studies searching through MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, and PEDro database. Postintervention standardized mean difference scores were computed and combined using fixed effects meta-analysis. Analyses have shown positive effects of interventions on maximum strength, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go test. Further analyses have shown significant greater effect of shorter periods on maximum strength. Regarding RT prescription, percentage of one-repetition maximum showed significant effect on physical variables, whereas RT based on rate of perceived effort presented lower effect in the Timed Up and Go test. Although multimodal training is an effective intervention to increase physical capacity, caution should be taken regarding the period and the method to control RT intensity to optimize enhancements in frail older people.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1002/BIP.10114
Abstract: IR spectroscopy and principal components analysis (PCA) of endocervical cells and smears diagnosed with benign cellular changes were investigated to determine the influence of these potential confounding variables in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Spectral differences in all cell and diagnostic types investigated were found in the phosphodiester and carbohydrate regions. However, the spectral differences in other bands were not distinct enough to allow differentiation between groups. The PCA was successfully used to obtain a separation of normal ectocervical smears from normal endocervical cells and smears diagnosed with inflammation, Candida albicans , and bacterial vaginosis. A separation with a slight overlap of abnormal ectocervical smears from normal endocervical cells, inflammation, and bacterial vaginosis was obtained with PCA. Candida was not separated from abnormal ectocervical smears with any success. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 362–366, 2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2018.04.015
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks of muscle power training using one- and three-sets on neuromuscular adaptations in elderly women. Twenty six healthy elderly women were randomly assigned into two groups: one-set (n = 13) and three-sets (n = 13). Maximal dynamic and isometric strength, rapid force assessed as absolute and normalized rate of force development (RTD) and contractile impulse during unilateral leg knee extension at 0-50 and 0-200 ms, overall quadriceps muscle thickness, muscle power during a countermovement jump (CMJ), and functional performance using time-up-and-go and the timed stair climb tests were evaluated before and after training. After 12 weeks, one-set and three-sets groups exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.05) and comparable increases in dynamic and isometric strength, absolute RTD and contractile impulse at 0-50 and at 0-200 ms and in the performance of both functional tests. No significant differences between groups were evident for any measured parameters (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the normalized RTD did not increase for any group (p > 0.05). Over 12 weeks, the muscle power training performing one- or three-sets induced alike improvements in muscle function, mass and functionally. These evidences suggest that a low training volume is able to induce significant improvements in age-related neuromuscular changes.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-07-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-00600-3
Abstract: To systematically review and analyse the effects of exercise on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MQ) outcomes in older adults and assess a range of possible moderators that may affect the impact of exercise on MQ outcomes. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomised controlled trials were searched in CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, MedNar, OpenGrey and OpenThesis databases. Eligible trials examined the effects of exercise interventions on morphological and neuromuscular MQ in older adults (≥ 60 years). Twenty-one trials (n = 973 participants) were included. Exercise significantly improved morphological MQ (effect size (ES) = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.51, P 0.001) with significant results maintained for studies assessing muscle density and intermuscular adipose tissue (ES = 0.45–0.52, P 0.05). For neuromuscular MQ, exercise provided significant positive effects (ES = 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.69, P 0.001) but only maintained for physically healthy participants (ES = 0.43, P 0.001), resistance exercise interventions (ES = 0.64, P 0.001), or studies assessing 1-RM or knee extensor isokinetic muscle strength relative to leg lean mass (ES = 0.48–0.62, P = 0.001). Associations between exercise duration and changes in MQ measures were not observed (P 0.05). Supervised exercise interventions significantly improved different measures of MQ regardless of exercise duration, although these effects were small-to-moderate and not supported across all population-, exercise-, and methods-related features.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-07-1999
DOI: 10.1021/JM980697N
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 22-11-2002
DOI: 10.1039/B100700I
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2021
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 12-2016
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different exercise intensities on postprandial lipemia, oxidative stress markers, and endothelial function after a high-fat meal (HFM). Eleven young men completed 2-day trials in 3 conditions: rest, moderate-intensity exercise (MI-Exercise) and heavy-intensity exercise (HI-Exercise). Subjects performed an exercise bout or no exercise (Rest) on the evening of day 1. On the morning of day 2, an HFM was provided. Blood was s led at fasting (0 h) and every hour from 1 to 5 h during the postprandial period for triacylglycerol (TAG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentrations. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was also analyzed. TAG concentrations were reduced in exercise conditions compared with Rest during the postprandial period (P 0.004). TAG incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was smaller after HI-Exercise compared with Rest (P = 0.012). TBARS concentrations were reduced in MI-Exercise compared with Rest (P 0.041). FMD was higher in exercise conditions than Rest at 0 h (P 0.02) and NOx concentrations were enhanced in MI-Exercise compared with Rest at 0 h (P 0.01). These results suggest that acute exercise can reduce lipemia after an HFM. However, HI-Exercise showed to be more effective in reducing iAUC TAG, which might suggest higher protection against postprandial TAG enhancement. Conversely, MI-Exercise can be beneficial to attenuate the susceptibility of oxidative damage induced by an HFM and to increase endothelial function in the fasted state compared with Rest.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-09-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002503
Abstract: Resistance exercise improves an array of treatment-related adverse effects in men with prostate cancer however, the minimal dosage required is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (type, duration, volume, and intensity) on body composition, physical function, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen. Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or after treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more than three studies were included. Associations between mean differences and exercise components were tested by univariate and multivariate meta-regression analysis. Twenty-three articles describing 21 trials and involving 1748 prostate cancer patients were included. Exercise improved fat mass (−1% in body fat and −0.6 kg in fat mass), lean mass (~0.5 kg in lean and appendicular lean mass), functional capacity (i.e., chair rise, 400-m test, 6-m fast walk, and stair climb tests), and fitness outcomes (i.e., V̇O 2peak and muscle strength) ( P = 0.040– .001) with no change in body mass index or prostate-specific antigen ( P = 0.440–0.735). Meta-regression indicated no association between exercise type, resistance training duration, weekly volume and intensity, and primary outcomes ( P = 0.075–0.965). There was a significant association between exercise intensity and chest press muscle strength (favoring moderate intensity, P = 0.012), but not in other secondary outcomes. In untrained older men with prostate cancer initiating an exercise program, lower volume at moderate to high intensity is as effective as higher volume resistance training for enhancing body composition, functional capacity, and muscle strength in the short term. A low exercise dosage may help reduce barriers to exercise and enhance adherence.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2016
DOI: 10.1002/MUS.25168
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between quadriceps muscle functionality features in nonactive older men to determine predictors of functional performance. Quadriceps functional parameters, including quadriceps echo intensity (QEI), rate of torque development (RTD), and the 30 s sit-to-stand test (30SS), were assessed in 50 healthy sedentary older men (66 ± 5.4 years). RTD/QEI ratios were also calculated to identify the best predictor of functional performance. 30SS performance was associated with RTD, muscle thickness, RTD-50/QEI, RTD-100/QEI, RTD-50/QEI/WBM, and RTD-100/QEI/WBM. A multiple stepwise linear regression demonstrated that QEI was the best single predictor of functional performance, explaining ∼30% of the 30SS variance. These results indicate that QEI was the strongest contributor to functionality of nonactive older men, suggesting that QEI may be an alternative tool for screening of muscle impairment that leads to decreased functional performance in this population. Muscle Nerve 55: 9-15, 2017.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JBMT.2019.05.019
Abstract: Understanding the recovery in response to different sprint protocols is important for optimizing neuromuscular gains and organizing training sessions in sports. The current study aimed to investigate acute neuromuscular changes following a moderate volume of sprint protocols with and without change-of-direction. 26 well-trained male collegiate athletes from different sports were randomly allocated into straight-line group (SLG) or change-of-direction group (CODG). The protocols were 1 × 15 repetitions of 20-meter sprints in line (SLG) or with two changes in each repetition (CODG). Knee extension maximal and explosive strength, jump performance, serum creatine kinase, and quadriceps and hamstrings echo intensity were collected pre-, post- 0, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. There were no significant changes in any of the variables at any time point after the exercise protocols in comparison with pre-exercise values (p > 0.05). The present study suggests that sprint training with moderate volume with or without change of direction does not induce neuromuscular or physiological changes during 72 h post-exercise. This information is especially important for sports staff in order to optimize training prescription and frequency.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2019.110745
Abstract: The present study compared the effects of 12 weeks of muscle power training performing one or three sets on muscle quality assessed by echo intensity (MQ
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-09-2004
DOI: 10.1021/JM0495529
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate in silico models based on quantum chemical (QC) descriptors derived using the electronegativity equalization method (EEM) and to assess the use of QC properties to predict chemical metabolism by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms. Various EEM-derived QC molecular descriptors were calculated for known UGT substrates and nonsubstrates. Classification models were developed using support vector machine and partial least squares discriminant analysis. In general, the most predictive models were generated with the support vector machine. Combining QC and 2D descriptors (from previous work) using a consensus approach resulted in a statistically significant improvement in predictivity (to 84%) over both the QC and 2D models and the other methods of combining the descriptors. EEM-derived QC descriptors were shown to be both highly predictive and computationally efficient. It is likely that EEM-derived QC properties will be generally useful for predicting ADMET and physicochemical properties during drug discovery.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2022
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13428
Abstract: To systematically review and analyze the effects of resistance‐based exercise programs on body composition, regional adiposity, and body weight in in iduals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan. Using PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials were searched in nine electronic databases up to December 2020. Meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects model. One‐hundred sixteen articles describing 114 trials ( n = 4184 participants) were included. Interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction were the most effective for reducing body fat percentage (ES = −3.8%, 95% CI: −4.7 to −2.9%, p 0.001) and whole‐body fat mass (ES = −5.3 kg, 95% CI: −7.2 to −3.5 kg, p 0.001) compared with groups without intervention. Significant results were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise (ES = −2.3% and −1.4 kg, p 0.001) and resistance training alone (ES = −1.6% and −1.0 kg, p 0.001) compared with no training controls. Resistance training alone was the most effective for increasing lean mass compared with no training controls (ES = 0.8 kg, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.0 kg, p 0.001), whereas lean mass was maintained following interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction (ES = ~ − 0.3 kg, p = 0.550–0.727). Results were consistently observed across age and sex groups ( p = 0.001–0.011). Reductions in regional adiposity and body weight measures were also observed following combined resistance and aerobic exercise and programs including caloric restriction ( p 0.001). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that resistance‐based exercise programs are effective and should be considered within any multicomponent therapy program when caloric restriction is utilized in in iduals with overweight or obesity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2022.04.014
Abstract: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in people over 70 years can reach up to 95%. Aerobic or combined exercise programs have been shown to impact positively on OSA severity. Resistance training changes leg fluid retention. We hypothesized that through this mechanism it may have an impact on the OSA severity in older adults. We evaluated changes in the respiratory event index (REI) of older adults with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea in a randomized, masked, controlled, parallel group trial. Participants between the age of 65 and 80 years with REI between 20 and 50 events/hour were assigned randomly to 12 weeks of resistance training or healthy life-style recommendations. Change in REI was the primary outcome. Muscle thickness, maximum strength, and physical function were secondary outcomes and body mass index (BMI) and body water content were assessed as mediators. Twenty-three subjects were included, 57% men, aged 71 ± 5 years, randomized to training (n = 12) and control intervention (n = 11). The baseline REI in the training and control groups were 30 ± 7/h and 29 ± 9/h at follow-up, the delta REI were -3.6/hour (95% confidence interval -0.7 to -5.4) and 6.7/hour (5.2-8.6), respectively, with significant time × group interaction that remained significant after adjusting the generalized estimating equations model for delta BMI and delta body water content. Twelve weeks of resistance training in older adults significantly changed the respiratory event index and was well tolerated. Changes in body water content were slight but cannot be dismissed as contributing to REI reduction.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 23-05-2023
Abstract: Our primary aim was to compare muscle morphology (skeletal muscle mass and density) between patients who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery versus interval cytoreductive surgery for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Secondarily, we explored the associations of muscle morphology with survival outcomes. We retrospectively analysed computed tomography (CT) images for 88 ovarian cancer patients (aged 38–89 years) to calculate skeletal muscle index (cm 2 /m 2 ) and skeletal muscle density (Hounsfield units (HU)). A skeletal muscle index of .5 cm 2 /m 2 and skeletal muscle density of .7 HU were classified as low. Analyses included repeated measures analysis of covariance and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. At baseline, 44.3% of patients had low skeletal muscle index and 50.6% had low skeletal muscle density, with interval surgery patients having significantly lower mean skeletal muscle density than primary surgery patients (32.2±8.9 vs 37.3±8.6 HU, p=0.014). Although both groups had similar reductions in skeletal muscle index following treatment (p=0.49), primary surgery patients had a greater reduction in skeletal muscle density compared with interval surgery patients (−2.4 HU, 95% CI −4.3 to −0.5, p=0.016). Patients who experienced skeletal muscle density loss % during treatment (HR 5.16, 95% CI 1.33 to 20.02) and had low skeletal muscle density post-treatment (HR 58.87, 95% CI 3.70 to 935.68) had significantly worse overall survival. Low skeletal muscle index and skeletal muscle density were prevalent at ovarian cancer diagnosis. While both groups experienced muscle mass loss, greater reductions in skeletal muscle density occurred in patients undergoing primary surgery. In addition, skeletal muscle density loss during treatment and low skeletal muscle density post-treatment were associated with poorer overall survival. Supportive care involving resistance exercise targeting muscle hypertrophic drive, and nutrition counseling during and after ovarian cancer treatment may help preserve/enhance muscle mass and density.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-020-00301-4
Abstract: Active treatments for prostate cancer are well known to result in several adverse effects such as fatigue, depression and anxiety symptoms, impacting the overall quality of life (QoL) and wellbeing of a considerable proportion of patients. Resistance-based exercise interventions have shown positive effects to reduce or mitigate these treatment-related side effects. However, the minimal dosage required to derive these benefits is unknown. We systematically reviewed the resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients to determine the minimal dosage regarding the exercise components (mode, duration, volume and intensity) on fatigue, QoL, depression and anxiety. Using PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Eligible randomised controlled trials examined prostate cancer patients undertaking resistance-based exercise programs during or following treatment. Meta-analysis was undertaken when more than three studies were included. Associations between resistance exercise components and its effects were tested by meta-regression analysis. Eighteen trials involving 1112 men with prostate cancer were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in significant effects on fatigue (effect size = −0.3, 95% CI: −0.4 to −0.2, P 0.001) and QoL (effect size = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.0 to 0.4, P = 0.018), with significant effects in specific questionnaires and domains of these outcomes. Resistance-based exercise effects on depression (effect size = −0.3, 95% CI: −0.7 to 0.0) and anxiety symptoms (effect size = −0.3, 95% CI: −0.5 to 0.0) were positive but not significant ( P = 0.071 to 0.077). Meta-regression indicated no significant association between resistance exercise components with fatigue and QoL outcomes ( P = 0.186–0.689). Low volume resistance exercise undertaken at a moderate-to-high intensity is sufficient to achieve significant fatigue and QoL benefits for men with prostate cancer and also mitigate depression and anxiety symptoms. A lower resistance exercise dosage than usually prescribed may help enhance adherence by reducing exercise barriers.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-058899
Abstract: Obese men with prostate cancer have an increased risk of biochemical recurrence, metastatic disease and mortality. For those undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), substantial increases in fat mass are observed in the first year of treatment. Recently, we showed that a targeted supervised clinic-based exercise and nutrition intervention can result in a substantial reduction in fat mass with muscle mass preserved in ADT-treated patients. However, the intervention needs to be accessible to all patients and not just those who can access a supervised clinic-based programme. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth delivered compared with supervised clinic-based delivered exercise and nutrition intervention in overweight/obese patients with prostate cancer. A single-blinded, two-arm parallel group, non-inferiority randomised trial will be undertaken with 104 overweight/obese men with prostate cancer (body fat percentage ≥25%) randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1 to a telehealth-delivered, virtually supervised exercise and nutrition programme or a clinic-based, face-to-face supervised exercise and nutrition programme. Exercise will consist of supervised resistance and aerobic exercise performed three times a week plus additional self-directed aerobic exercise performed 4 days/week for the first 6 months. Thereafter, for months 7–12, the programmes will be self-managed. The primary endpoint will be fat mass. Secondary endpoints include lean mass and abdominal aortic calcification, anthropometric measures and blood pressure assessment, objective measures of physical function and physical activity levels, patient-reported outcomes and blood markers. Measurements will be undertaken at baseline, 6 months (post intervention), and at 12 months of follow-up. Data will be analysed using intention-to-treat and per protocol approaches. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Edith Cowan University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 2021–02157-GALVAO). Outcomes from the study will be published in academic journals and presented in scientific and consumer meetings. ACTRN12621001312831.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-09-2022
Abstract: Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence in patients with ovarian cancer at diagnosis and/or during first-line treatment on (i) the association of body weight, body composition, diet, exercise, sedentary behavior, or physical fitness with clinical outcomes and (ii) the effect of exercise and/or dietary interventions. Methods: Risk of bias assessments and best-evidence syntheses were completed. Meta-analyses were performed when ≥3 papers presented point estimates and variability measures of associations or effects. Results: Body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was not significantly associated with survival. Although the following trends were not supported by the best-evidence syntheses, the meta-analyses revealed that a higher BMI was associated with a higher risk of post-surgical complications (n = 5, HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06–2.51, p = 0.030), a higher muscle mass was associated with a better progression-free survival (n = 3, HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–1.91, p = 0.030) and a higher muscle density was associated with a better overall survival (n = 3, HR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.62–2.79, p 0.001). Muscle measures were not significantly associated with surgical or chemotherapy-related outcomes. Conclusions: The prognostic value of baseline BMI for clinical outcomes is limited, but muscle mass and density may have more prognostic potential. High-quality studies with comprehensive reporting of results are required to improve our understanding of the prognostic value of body composition measures for clinical outcomes. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO identifier CRD42020163058.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2018.10.015
Abstract: Aging is characterized by reductions in lean mass simultaneously to increases in visceral adipose tissue, elevating cardiovascular risk (CVR) and physical dependence. Dancing has been recommended for improving fall-risk and CVR, however, comparisons with traditional exercises are limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of dancing with walking on CVR and functionality of older women. Thirty sedentary women (65 ± 5 years, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m generalized estimating equations, post-hoc LSD (p < 0.05), SPSS 22.0. (Mean-CI): (before vs after): group vs time interaction showed increases in VO Dancing induced similar increases in VO NCT03262714.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 26-12-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002585
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) performed until volitional failure with low, moderate, and high loads on muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength in healthy adults and to assess the possible participant-, design-, and training-related covariates that may affect the adaptations. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Including only studies that performed sets to volitional failure, the effects of low- ( repetitions maximum (RM)), moderate- (9–15 RM), and high-load (≤8 RM) RTs were examined in healthy adults. Network meta-analysis was undertaken to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between RT loads in overall and subgroup analyses involving studies deemed of high quality. Associations between participant-, design-, and training-related covariates with SMD were assessed by univariate and multivariate network meta-regression analyses. Twenty-eight studies involving 747 healthy adults were included. Although no differences in muscle hypertrophy between RT loads were found in overall ( P = 0.113–0.469) or subgroup analysis ( P = 0.871–0.995), greater effects were observed in untrained participants ( P = 0.033) and participants with some training background who undertook more RT sessions ( P = 0.031–0.045). Muscle strength improvement was superior for both high-load and moderate-load compared with low-load RT in overall and subgroup analysis (SMD, 0.60–0.63 and 0.34–0.35, respectively P 0.001–0.003), with a nonsignificant but superior effect for high compared with moderate load (SMD, 0.26–0.28, P = 0.068). Although muscle hypertrophy improvements seem to be load independent, increases in muscle strength are superior in high-load RT programs. Untrained participants exhibit greater muscle hypertrophy, whereas undertaking more RT sessions provides superior gains in those with previous training experience.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 17-08-2022
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002984
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze whether the effects of resistance exercise on whole-body fat and lean mass are moderated by exercise dosage (i.e., duration, volume, and intensity), age, body mass index, baseline values, assessment methods, and prescription of aerobic exercise and caloric restriction in overweight/obese adults. A systematic search was undertaken in 11 databases from inception to December 2020, with an updated search undertaken in April 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on whole-body fat mass and lean mass in adults who were overweight or obese. Meta-analysis was undertaken with a random-effects model. Associations between mean differences and potential moderators were tested by meta-regression models. Sixty-seven articles describing 65 trials ( n = 2537) were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in a significant change of −1.6 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.9 to −1.3 kg, P 0.001) in whole-body fat mass and +0.8 kg (95% CI = 0.6 to 0.9 kg, P 0.001) in lean mass. Male participants experienced greater effects than females ( P 0.001), whereas those presenting with higher levels of fat mass at baseline experienced greater reductions in this outcome ( P = 0.084). For lean mass, younger adults experienced greater improvements compared with older participants ( P = 0.009), whereas programs comprising resistance exercise and caloric restriction resulted in significant reductions in lean mass ( P = 0.035). Resistance exercise dosage or prescription of aerobic exercise was not associated with change in these outcomes. Resistance-based programs improve body composition regardless of the resistance exercise dosage or aerobic component prescribed in adults who are overweight or obese. In addition, subgroups based on demographic characteristics, baseline levels, and presence of caloric restriction may present with more favorable responses in body composition.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S1093-3263(00)00103-0
Abstract: Rice Blast Disease, caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most important diseases of rice. Several enzymes in the melanin biosynthetic pathway have proven to be valuable targets for development of rice blast fungicides. In particular, inhibitors of trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (3HNR), which catalyzes the conversion of trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone, have yielded commercially useful rice fungicides. The X-ray structure of 3HNR has been published recently, presenting an opportunity to use this information in the de novo design of novel 3HNR inhibitors that may exhibit useful rice blast activity. We used the LeapFrog program to develop a docking model for interaction of ligands with the active site of THNR. The final model gave a good correlation between calculated binding energy and log Ki and was used to design novel ligands and score compounds for synthesis. Using this as a tool, we synthesized inhibitors in the nanomolar range and also developed several inhibitors that did not conform to the properties of the THNR active site. Leapfrog was able to locate a previously unrecognized binding pocket that could accommodate these otherwise anomalous regions of structure.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-10-2023
DOI: 10.1002/CNCR.35043
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003813
Abstract: Grazioli, R, Loturco, I, Lopez, P, Setuain, I, Goulart, J, Veeck, F, Inácio, M, Izquierdo, M, Pinto, RS, and Cadore, EL. Effects of moderate-to-heavy sled training using different magnitudes of velocity loss in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 629–635, 2023—This study investigated the effects of a 11-week moderate-to-heavy sled training intervention with different magnitudes of velocity loss on sprint and jump performance, mechanical muscle function, and body composition in professional soccer players. Seventeen players (age 25.8 ± 4.3 years height 180.0 ± 8.6 cm mass 77.7 ± 9.7 kg) were randomly allocated into 2 groups, based on different magnitudes of velocity loss: 10% of velocity decrease (G10, n = 8) and 20% of velocity decrease (G20, n = 9). The velocity-based sled training consisted of 20-m resisted sprints with a progressive loading increase from 45 to 65% of body-mass throughout the intervention. Pre-intervention and postintervention sprint and jump performance, hamstring and quadriceps peak torque and isometric rate of torque development, and lower-limb lean mass measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry were assessed and compared. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant time-effect for decreases in 10- and 20-m sprint times ( p = 0.018 and p = 0.033, respectively), but without a time-group interaction. The G10 showed greater beneficial effects than G20 for both 10-m (−5.5 ± 3.3%, magnitude-based inference [MBI]: possibly vs. −1.7 ± 5.9%, MBI: possibly trivial) and 20-m (−2.5 ± 2.1%, MBI: possibly vs. −1.4 ± 3.7%, MBI: likely trivial) sprint times. Moreover, there was a significant time effect for countermovement jump height and quadriceps isometric peak torque, which decreased significantly after training ( p = 0.019 and p = 0.010, respectively), with no within-group effect of time vs. group interaction for these respective outcomes. The novel velocity-based sled model proposed here, especially under lower magnitudes of velocity loss, was able to significantly improve linear sprint performance in professional soccer players.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-05-2000
DOI: 10.1021/TX9900627
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1039/A904145A
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41391-021-00442-0
Abstract: To systematically review and analyse the associations between fat and muscle mass measures with overall survival in men with prostate cancer. A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 2020, while abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COSA), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) conferences were searched from 2014 to 2020. Eligible articles examined the association of body composition measures, such as fat mass (e.g., fat mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures, with overall survival in prostate cancer patients at any treatment stage. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting multivariable or univariable analysis assessing the associations of fat mass measures (i.e., fat mass, VAT, SAT, VAT/SAT) and muscle mass measures with overall survival. Sixteen cohort studies that comprised 4807 men with prostate cancer were included. Total adiposity (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% CI: 0.75–1.28, p = 0.888) and VAT (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.74–1.43, p = 0.873) were not significantly associated with overall survival, while higher subcutaneous adipose tissue levels were associated with higher survival (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.84, p = 0.001). Greater mortality risk was found in patients with localised (HR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.40–2.62, p 0.001) and advanced disease (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.07–1.92, p = 0.020) presenting with low levels of muscle mass compared to those presenting with high levels. These results indicate that although overall adiposity should be cautiously interpreted in regards to survival, high muscle mass and SAT, and low VAT/SAT ratio values are associated with overall survival in men with prostate cancer.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1039/A904064A
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S40520-017-0863-Z
Abstract: Exercise is one of the most important components in frailty prevention and treatment. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the effect of resistance training (RT) alone or combined with multimodal exercise intervention on muscle hypertrophy, maximal strength, power output, functional performance, and falls incidence in physically frail elderly. MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from 2005 to 2017. Studies must have mentioned the effects of RT (i.e., included or not in multimodal training) on at least one of the following parameters: muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle power, functional capacity, and risk of falls in frail elderly. The initial search identified 371 studies and 16 were used for qualitative analysis for describing the effect of strength training performed alone or in a multimodal exercise intervention. We observed that RT alone or in a multimodal training may induce increases of 6.6-37% in maximal strength 3.4-7.5% in muscle mass, 8.2% in muscle power, 4.7-58.1% in functional capacity and risk of falls, although some studies did not show enhancements. Frequency of 1-6 sessions per week, training volume of 1-3 sets of 6-15 repetitions and intensity of 30-70%1-RM promoted significant enhancements on muscle strength, muscle power, and functional outcomes. Therefore, in agreement with previous studies, we suggest that supervised and controlled RT represents an effective intervention in frailty treatment.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/15347354211040757
Abstract: Although exercise medicine is recommended to counter treatment-related side-effects and improve health-related outcomes of patients affected by different cancers, no specific recommendations exist for patients with melanoma. As a result, we systematically examined the current evidence regarding the effects of physical activity and exercise on objectively-measured and patient-reported outcomes among patients with melanoma. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. This review included published data involving physical activity or exercise and objectively-measured or patient-reported outcomes of patients with cutaneous melanoma. The quality of included studies was assessed using the McMaster University Critical Appraisal Tool for Quantitative Studies. Six studies including 882 patients with melanoma were included. Studies presented heterogeneity of design with 2 cross-sectional surveys, 2 retrospective analyses, and 2 non-randomized intervention trials. No statistically significant change in quality of life, fatigue, physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, psychological distress, cognitive function, or treatment-related side-effects were attributable to physical activity or exercise. Importantly, physical activity or exercise during melanoma treatment or into survivorship did not adversely impact patients/survivors. In summary, physical activity or exercise did not adversely impact quality of life, objectively-measured or patient-reported outcomes in patients with melanoma. In addition, there is a paucity of quality studies examining the effects of physical activity or exercise on patients with melanoma throughout the cancer care continuum.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-04-2001
DOI: 10.1021/CI000459C
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1093/BIB/3.1.73
Publisher: ClinMed International Library
Date: 16-12-2019
Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
Date: 03-08-2023
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00209-2023
Abstract: Little is known about activity behaviours and quality-of-life (QoL) of patients with parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE) after hospital discharge. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial (dexamethasone versus placebo) for hospitalised patients with PPE. We: (i) described the patients’ activity behaviour patterns and QoL measured at discharge and at 30 days post-discharge and (ii) examined the association between activity behaviours and QoL scores. Activity behaviour (7-day accelerometry Actigraph GT3X+) and QoL (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36) were assessed. Repeated measures analysis of covariance controlling for baseline values and a series of linear regression models were undertaken. Thirty-six out of 53 eligible participants completed accelerometry assessments. Despite modest increases in light physical activity (+7.5%) and some domains of QoL ( points) from discharge to 30 days post-discharge, patients had persistently high levels of sedentary behaviour ( % of waking wear time) and poor QoL (≤50 out of 100 points) irrespective of treatment group (p=0.135–0.903). Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with higher scores on most QoL domains (p=0.006–0.037). Linear regression indicates that a clinically important difference of 5 points in physical composite QoL score can be achieved by reallocating 16.1 min·day −1 of sedentary time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Patients with PPE had low levels of physical activity and QoL at discharge and 30-days post irrespective of treatment. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity participation was associated with higher QoL scores. Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity following discharge from the hospital may be associated with improvements in QoL.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-10-1999
DOI: 10.1021/CI980070D
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/CAM4.6091
Abstract: To determine the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of a telehealth supervised exercise programme in patients with advanced melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy. A 8‐week non‐randomised feasibility pilot trial utilising a telehealth delivered multimodal exercise programme undertaken thrice weekly with assessments at baseline and post‐intervention. The study was considered feasible if there were no severe or life‐threatening adverse events as a result of exercise, and three or more of the following criteria were met: the recruitment rate was %, completion rate was %, median programme attendance was %, median exercise compliance %, and average tolerance was %. Preliminary efficacy was assessed for objective measures of physical function (2‐min step test, repeated chair stand test, 30‐s push‐up test, and a modified static balance test) and quality of life (QoL), fatigue and other patient‐reported outcomes were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. Eleven patients (32–80 years) were included in the study (6 female, 5 male). The recruitment rate was 48%, completion rate 91%, programme attendance 88%, median exercise compliance 82.1% and 84.9% for resistance and aerobic exercise, respectively, and tolerance 88%, with no severe or life‐threatening adverse events as a result of exercise. In terms of preliminary efficacy, physical function significantly improved while QoL was maintained following the intervention. An 8‐week telehealth exercise intervention is feasible and safe for patients with advanced melanoma and appears to improve physical function while preserving QoL during checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2000
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-11-2022
Abstract: A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD −0.76, 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD −0.74, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be in idualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1620863
Abstract: Match-induced fatigue of knee muscle strength and agonist-antagonist strength-ratios may affect both performance and risk of injury in soccer players. Once explosive tasks are imperative in soccer as well as hamstring strain injuries occur during high-velocity moments, rapid force capacity of this muscle group is especially important. This study evaluated the effect of match-induced fatigue on knee muscle strength and strength-ratio parameters after a single professional soccer match. Male professional soccer players (
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 21-07-2022
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004319
Abstract: Kraemer, WJ, Caldwell, LK, Post, EM, Beeler, MK, Emerson, A, Volek, JS, Maresh, CM, Fogt, JS, Fogt, N, Häkkinen, K, Newton, RU, Lopez, P, Sanchez, BN, and Onate, JA. Arousal/stress effects of “Overwatch” eSports game competition in collegiate gamers. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2671–2675, 2022—To date, no physical response data are available for one of the most popular eSport games, Overwatch . The purpose of this investigation was to describe the stress signaling associated with competitive Overwatch play and to understand how acute hormonal responses may affect performance. Thirty-two male college-aged gamers (age: 21.3 ± 2.7 years estimated time played per week: 18 ± 15 hours) completed the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 6-player team to compete in a tournament-style match. Salivary measures of cortisol and testosterone were collected immediately before (PRE) and after (POST) the first-round game, with the heart rate recorded continuously during the match. The mean characteristics were calculated for each variable and comparisons made by the skill level. Significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. There were no differences in measures of salivary cortisol. A differential response pattern was observed by the skill level for testosterone. The low skill group displayed a significant increase in testosterone with game play (mean ± SD , testosterone PRE: 418.3 ± 89.5 pmol·L −1 , POST: 527.6 ± 132.4 pmol·L −1 , p 0.001), whereas no change was observed in the high skill group. There were no differences in heart rate characteristics between skill groups. Overall, the average heart rate was 107.2 ± 17.8 bpm with an average max heart rate of 133.3 ± 19.1 bpm. This study provides unique physiological evidence that a sedentary Overwatch match modulates endocrine and cardiovascular responses, with the skill level emerging as a potential modulator.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 23-12-2021
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002843
Abstract: To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to investigate the most effective intervention for improving body composition outcomes in prostate cancer patients during or after treatment. A systematic search was undertaken in multiple databases from inception to December 2020. Randomized clinical trials examining the effects of exercise hysical activity and/or nutrition interventions on body composition and body weight measures in prostate cancer patients were included. The primary endpoints were both whole-body and regional fat mass and lean mass measures, with body weight and BMI as secondary outcomes. A frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the clustering effect of intervention modalities or control groups on the outcomes of interest. The study protocol is publicly available on PROSPERO (CRD42020202339). Fifty articles describing 47 trials ( n = 3207) were included. Resistance training and combined resistance and aerobic exercise were the most effective interventions to reduce body fat percentage (−0.9% 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.4% to −0.3%) and fat mass (−0.5 kg 95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1 kg), respectively. For whole-body and regional lean mass, combined resistance and aerobic exercise + healthy diet (0.6 kg 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.0 kg) and resistance training alone (0.7 kg, 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.0 kg) were the best intervention, respectively. A low-fat diet was the most effective for reducing body weight immediately after or at follow-up, while no intervention promoted significant reductions in BMI. These results indicate that a resistance-based exercise program alone or combined with a general healthy diet are the most effective interventions for improving overall body composition in men with prostate cancer.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-09-2003
DOI: 10.1021/CI034108K
Abstract: Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), Bayesian regularized artificial neural network (BRANN), and support vector machine (SVM) methodologies were compared by their ability to classify substrates and nonsubstrates of 12 isoforms of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), an enzyme "superfamily" involved in the metabolism of drugs, nondrug xenobiotics, and endogenous compounds. Simple two-dimensional descriptors were used to capture chemical information. For each data set, 70% of the data were used for training, and the remainder were used to assess the generalization performance. In general, the SVM methodology was able to produce models with the best predictive performance, followed by BRANN and then PLSDA. However, a small number of data sets showed either equivalent or better predictability using PLSDA, which may indicate relatively linear relationships in these data sets. All SVM models showed predictive ability (>60% of test set predicted correctly) and five out of the 12 test sets showed excellent prediction (>80% prediction accuracy). These models represent the first use of pattern recognition methods to discriminate between substrates and nonsubstrates of human drug metabolizing enzymes and the first thorough assessment of three classification algorithms using multiple metabolic data sets.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTRASMEDBIO.2018.10.010
Abstract: In the work described here, our aim was to determine, in an elderly population, changes in muscle thickness (MT), cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI) of the quadriceps muscles at four time points (0, 5, 10 and 15 min i.e., T0, T5, T10 and T15, respectively) after changing from a standing to supine position. Twenty-one elderly participants (14 men: 68.1 ± 4.6 y 8 women: 66.8 ± 4.1 y) were evaluated at four time points. Rectus femoris CSA (RF
Publisher: Humana Press
Date: 2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-023-00585-5
Abstract: The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle are important determinants of daily function and metabolic health. Various forms of physical exercise can improve muscle function, but this effect can be inconsistent and has not been systematically examined across the health-neurological disease continuum. The purpose of this systematic scoping review with meta-analyses was to determine the effects and potential moderators of exercise training on morphological and neuromuscular muscle quality (MMQ, NMQ) in healthy older in iduals. In addition and in the form of a scoping review, we examined the effects of exercise training on NMQ and MMQ in in iduals with neurological conditions. A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were included that examined the effects of exercise training on muscle quality (MQ) in older in iduals with and without neurological conditions. Risk of bias and study quality were assessed (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0). We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested moderators using the approximate Hotelling–Zhang test. Thirty studies ( n = 1494, 34% females) in healthy older in iduals and no studies in in iduals with neurological conditions were eligible for inclusion. Exercise training had small effects on MMQ ( g = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.40, p = 0.029). Heterogeneity was low (median I 2 = 16%). Training and demographic variables did not moderate the effects of exercise on MMQ. There was no association between changes in MMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training improved NMQ ( g = 0.68, 95% CI 0.35–1.01, p 0.000) across all studies, in particular in higher-functioning older in iduals ( g = 0.72, 95% CI 0.38–1.06, p 0.001), in lower extremity muscles ( g = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35–1.13, p = 0.001), and after resistance training ( g = 0.91 95% CI 0.42–1.41, p = 0.001). Heterogeneity was very high (median I 2 = 79%). Of the training and demographic variables, only resistance training moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ. High- versus low-intensity exercise moderated the exercise-effects on NMQ, but these effects were considered unreliable due to a low number of studies at high intensity. There was no association between changes in NMQ and changes in functional outcomes. Exercise training has small effects on MMQ and medium-large effects on NMQ in healthy older in iduals. There was no association between improvements in MQ and increases in muscle strength, mobility, and balance. Information on dose-response relations following training is currently lacking. There is a critical gap in muscle quality data for older in iduals with lower function and neurological conditions after exercise training. Health practitioners should use resistance training to improve muscle function in older in iduals. Well-designed studies are needed to examine the relevance of exercise training-induced changes in MQ in daily function in older in iduals, especially to those with lower function and neurological conditions.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 18-05-2015
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003063
Abstract: Lanferdini, FJ, Manganelli, BF, Lopez, P, Klein, KD, Cadore, EL, and Vaz, MA. Echo intensity reliability for the analysis of different muscle areas in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3353–3360, 2019—Skeletal muscles' echo intensity (EI) is used as a parameter to evaluate muscle damage and muscle quality after exercise or training. However, recent muscle EI studies have used regions of interest (ROIs) of different sizes for assessing muscle damage and muscle quality, which may lead to different results if the different ROIs from the same muscle are not reliable. Although a maximum rectangular ROI (RET-ROI), included in the muscles' anatomical cross-sectional area, can be used to represent the maximum muscle ROI (MAX-ROI), no studies were found that investigated the reliability of the evaluations of different ROIs for the EI of superficial vs. deep muscles of the thigh. In addition, no studies have evaluated different ROIs in cyclists, at different days and analyzed by different raters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the EI reliability of rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles of cyclists. Twenty cyclists visited the laboratory 4 times for the evaluation of RF and VI muscles transversal ultrasound images. Echo intensity was determined from grayscale mean values by 2 examiners who performed the analysis with 3 different ROIs: MAX-ROI, RET-ROI, and 1-cm 2 ROI (1CM-ROI). The between-ROI EI data reliability showed a strong correlation in both RF ( r ≥ 0.79) and VI ( r ≥ 0.87) muscles. Bland-Altman tests demonstrated high agreement among RF ROI muscle areas ( p 0.05), with no agreement between the VI areas ( p 0.05). Only the RF muscle MAX-ROI, RET-ROI, and 1CM-ROI areas are similar for EI analysis, with no similarities for the same VI muscle areas.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-09-2002
DOI: 10.1021/JP021338D
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-02-2023
Abstract: To investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and adiposity measures with disease-free progression (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving immunotherapy, we retrospectively analysed 97 patients (age: 67.5 ± 10.2 years) with lung cancer who were treated with immunotherapy between March 2014 and June 2019. From computed tomography scans, we assessed the radiological measures of skeletal muscle mass, and intramuscular, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue at the third lumbar vertebra. Patients were ided into two groups based on specific or median values at baseline and changes throughout treatment. A total number of 96 patients (99.0%) had disease progression (median of 11.3 months) and died (median of 15.4 months) during follow-up. Increases of 10% in intramuscular adipose tissue were significantly associated with DFS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.95) and OS (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.95), while increases of 10% in subcutaneous adipose tissue were associated with DFS (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.95). These results indicate that, although muscle mass and visceral adipose tissue were not associated with DFS or OS, changes in intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue can predict immunotherapy clinical outcomes in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-10-2000
DOI: 10.1021/CI000450A
Publisher: Convergences Editorial
Date: 09-09-2021
DOI: 10.33233/RBFEX.V20I4.4789
Abstract: Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos e os moderadores do exercício físico na fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória de pacientes com câncer de mama em tratamento primário, bem como a relação entre o exercício físico e sobrevida nessa população. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa de estudos que examinaram os efeitos do exercício na fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres com câncer de mama. Além disso, examinamos informações relevantes sobre a relação entre exercício e sobrevivência em pacientes com câncer. Resultados: O exercício reduziu significativamente a fadiga relacionada ao câncer com maiores reduções observadas em pacientes que realizaram exercício de forma supervisionada ou apresentaram maiores queixas de fadiga. Na capacidade cardiorrespiratória, aumentos significativos foram observados após a realização de programas baseados em treinamento aeróbio. Pacientes mais jovens, que realizaram programas supervisionados, ou que participaram de prescrição não-lineares de treinamento aeróbio apresentaram maiores efeitos. Apesar de estudos epidemiológicos indicarem associações entre maiores níveis de atividade física e sobrevivência, ensaios clínicos randomizados são necessários para confirmar tal relação em pacientes com câncer. Conclusão: Sugerimos a promoção do exercício na redução da fadiga e aumento da capacidade cardiorrespiratória em mulheres com câncer de mama. Além disso, grupos específicos de pacientes baseados na idade e níveis iniciais parecem responder melhor ao exercício que outros.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001753
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the health-related effects of exercise in patients with pancreatic cancer (PanCa) through a systematic review of current evidence. Studies were obtained through searching PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library databases with additional hand searches. All intervention-based studies were included if it involved (1) adult patients with PanCa, (2) exercise training, and (3) findings in quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, psychological distress, and physical function. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020154684. Seven trials described in 9 publications were included consisting of 201 patients with early-stage and advanced PanCa. Participants were required to perform supervised and/or home-based, low- to moderate-intensity resistance and/or aerobic exercise for 12 to 35 weeks or duration of neoadjuvant therapy. There were no exercise-related adverse events with a reported retention rate of 71% to 90% and exercise attendance of 64% to 96%. The programs were consistently associated with improvements in cancer-related fatigue, psychological distress, and physical function, with mixed effects on quality of life. Exercise training seems to be safe and feasible and may have a beneficial effect on various physical and psychological outcomes in patients with PanCa. Further work with rigorous study designs is required to consolidate and advance current findings.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003137
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the feasibility and potential efficacy of presurgical exercise in patients with bladder cancer scheduled for open radical cystectomy with follow-up postsurgery. Prospective single-group design with assessments at baseline, presurgery, and 3 months postsurgery was used in this study. Multimodal supervised resistance and aerobic exercise was undertaken 2–3 d·wk −1 at moderate intensity for a median of 3.5 wk (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.3–5.6). Feasibility was assessed by recruitment and completion rates, patient safety, program tolerance, adherence, and compliance. Lean and fat mass were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, physical function by a battery of tests (chest press and leg press strength, 6-min walk test [6MWT], timed up-and-go, repeated chair rise), and quality of life (QoL), psychological distress, and body image by questionnaire. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and complications were assessed by medical records. Thirty-seven patients were referred with 20 recruited (67.3 ± 12.2 yr) and a presurgery intervention completion rate of 80% (16 of 20). The in idual median program adherence was 100.0% (IQR = 89.4–100.0) with compliance of 100.0% (IQR = 90.5–100.0) for resistance exercise and 81.8% (IQR = 55.0–99.5) for aerobic exercise. There were no exercise-related adverse events. Body composition did not change presurgery however, there were improvements ( P 0.05) in leg press strength (16%), 6MWT distance (8%), timed up-and-go (12%), chair rise (10%), and multiple QoL domains including mental health. Median LOS was 8.0 d (IQR = 7.0, 15.0). Postsurgery, there were declines in components of QoL and apparent body image dissatisfaction. A preradical cystectomy exercise program is feasible, safe, and well tolerated with improvements in physical function and QoL. Supervised multimodal exercise in bladder cancer patients before cystectomy can enhance physical and mental health potentially buffering the effects of surgery.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2017
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/CH03146
Abstract: Analogues of chlorhexidine and chemically related antimicrobial compounds were synthesized, based on a model in which the bisbiguanide moieties were replaced by conformationally restricted cyclic isosteres. This model was tested by measuring the antimicrobial activities of the compounds. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies showed a parabolic dependence of antimicrobial activity on the lipophilicity of the compounds. The basicity of the functional groups in the molecules was also very important, as uncharged molecules were not able to disrupt the microbial phospholipid bilayer and cause an antimicrobial effect. We compared our QSAR results to those reported in other studies of antimicrobials of erse structure. We found very similar QSAR models for all compounds studies with a log P (octanol/water partition constant) optimum at 5.5 (neutral log P value). The form of the QSAR equations were similar, suggesting a common mode of action for these agents.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-01-2018
DOI: 10.1093/SLEEP/ZSY016
Abstract: Interventions that decrease leg fluid retention reduce obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in nonrandomized experiments. We aimed to investigate in a randomized trial the effect of interventions that reduce fluid volume on OSA severity. Men diagnosed with severe OSA were randomized to receive daily spironolactone 100 mg + furosemide 20 mg or nutritional counseling to sodium-restricted diet plus placebo pill or placebo pill. All participants underwent home sleep apnea testing at baseline and after 1 week follow-up. The change in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was the primary outcome. The study included 54 participants and all were assessed at follow-up. The average baseline value of the AHI was similar among groups and from baseline to follow-up the AHI reduced 14.4 per cent (δ value -7.3 events per hour 95% confidence interval, -13.8 to -0.9) in the diuretic group, 22.3 per cent (-10.7 95% CI, -15.6 to -5.7) in the diet group, and 0.8 per cent (0.4 95% CI, -2.5 to 3.2) in the placebo group (p = .001 for time × group interaction). None of the patients had their AHI returned to normal. The reduction in the total body water was 2.2 ± 2.2 L in the diuretic group (p < .001) and 1.0 ± 1.6 l in the low salt diet group (p = .002). Sleepiness and neck circumference were significantly reduced only in the diet group (p = .007 and p < .001 for the time × group interactions, respectively). Interventions to reduce bodily fluid content in men with severe OSA promoted a limited decrease of apnea frequency. This finding suggests that rostral fluid displacement affects only partially the OSA severity and/or that other factors prevail in determining pharyngeal collapsibility. Sodium-Restricted Diet and Diuretic in the Treatment of Severe Sleep Apnea (DESALT), t2/show/NCT01945801 ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01945801.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1021/JA9940423
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.13451
Abstract: This study compared the effects of 20 weeks of concurrent training with and without repetitions to failure on neuromuscular and functional adaptations in older men. Thirty-six older men (67.1 ± 5.1 years) were randomized into three groups: one performing repetitions to failure (RFG, n = 13), another performing repetitions not to failure and 50% of the repetitions of the RFG (NFG, n = 12), and a third performing repetitions not to failure with equal training volume of the RFG (ENFG, n = 11). Training was performed twice a week for 20 weeks at intensities ranging from 65% to 80% of maximal strength. In each session, the in iduals started with strengthening exercises and then performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill. Before and after the intervention, in iduals were assessed for their one repetition maximum (1RM) for leg press (LP) and knee extension (KE) exercises, knee extensors' isometric peak torque (PT After training, there were significant (P < 0.001) increases in the LP and KE 1RM, PT Concurrent training using repetitions to concentric failure did not promote additional benefits for neuromuscular function, muscle thickness, or functional capacity of older in iduals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 1999
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2001
DOI: 10.1002/JCC.1090
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2018.03.017
Abstract: This randomized clinical trial compared the neuromuscular adaptations induced by concurrent training (CT) performed with repetitions to concentric failure and not to failure in elderly men. Fifty-two in iduals (66.2 ± 5.2 years) completed the pre- and post-measurements and were ided into three groups: repetitions to failure (RFG, n = 17) repetitions not to failure (NFG, n = 20) and repetitions not to failure with total volume equalized to RFG (ENFG, n = 15). Participants were assessed in isometric knee extension peak torque (PT
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-01-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2018
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1495271
Abstract: Isokinetic hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratios are frequently used to assess knee muscle strength imbalances and risk of injuries/re-injuries. The use of peak torque (PT) or total work (TW) to estimate joint stability may lead to different results because of the differences between these two neuromuscular variables. Thus, the current study aimed to compare the conventional and functional H:Q ratios calculated by PT and TW. Ninety-three male professional soccer players from Brazilian first ision teams performed isokinetic concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps and the hamstrings at 60°/s. Muscle strength balance was calculated using the conventional torque ratio (CTR) and conventional work ratio (CWR), functional torque ratio (FTR) and functional work ratio (FWR) were highly and moderately correlated between them (r = 0.83 and r = 0.73, respectively). The Wilcoxon statistical test revealed significant differences between CTR and CWR, as well as FTR and FWR (p < 0.05). T-test demonstrated significant differences in mean CTR-CWR and FTR-FWR, whereas Bland-Altman plots showed non-consistent bias. In addition, the chi-square test demonstrated significant differences between players below the conventional reference values and functional reference values (p < 0.001). In conclusion, TW ratios seem to provide distinct and additional information regarding the H:Q strength balance in professional soccer players. Moreover, taking into account that TW captures torque information throughout the entire range of motion, it is possible that TW ratios represent a more comprehensive assessment of muscle strength imbalance.
No related grants have been discovered for Pedro Lopez da Cruz.