ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1422-0154
Current Organisation
University of Toronto
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOCD.2018.01.002
Abstract: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a medical imaging device which has become the method of choice for the measurement of body composition in athletes. The objectives of this review were to evaluate published longitudinal DXA body composition studies in athletic populations for interpretation of "meaningful" change, and to propose a best practice measurement protocol. An online search of PubMed and CINAHL via EBSCO Host and Web of Science enabled the identification of studies published until November 2016. Those that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed independently by 2 authors according to their methodological quality and interpretation of body composition change. Twenty-five studies published between 1996 and November 2016 were reviewed (male athletes: 13, female athletes: 3, mixed: 9) and s le sizes ranged from n = 1 to 212. The same number of eligible studies was published between 2013 and 2016, as over the 16 yr prior (between 1996 and 2012). Seven did not include precision error, and fewer than half provided athlete-specific precision error. There were shortfalls in the s le sizes on which precision estimates were based and inconsistencies in the level of pre-scan standardization, with some reporting full standardization protocols and others reporting only single (e.g., overnight fast) or no control measures. There is a need for standardized practice and reporting in athletic populations for the longitudinal measurement of body composition using DXA. Based on this review and those of others, plus the official position of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, our recommendations and protocol are proposed as a guide to support best practice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JOCD.2017.06.005
Abstract: The skeleton of a cricket fast bowler is exposed to a unique combination of gravitational and torsional loading in the form of substantial ground reaction forces delivered through the front landing foot, and anterior-posterior shear forces mediated by regional muscle contractions across the lumbo-pelvic region. The objectives of this study were to compare the hip structural characteristics of elite fast bowlers with recreationally active age-matched controls, and to examine unilateral bone properties in fast bowlers. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the proximal femur was performed in 26 elite male fast bowlers and 26 normally active controls. Hip structural analysis (GE Lunar enCORE version 15.0) determined areal bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur, and cross-sectional area, section modulus (Z), cross-sectional moment of inertia, and femoral strength index at the narrow region of the femoral neck. Mean femoral neck and trochanter BMD were greater in fast bowlers than in controls (p <0.001). All bone geometry properties, except for cross-sectional moment of inertia, were superior in fast bowlers (p 0.05). Elite fast bowlers have superior bone characteristics of the proximal femur, with results inferring enhanced resistance to axial compression (cross-sectional area), and bending (Z) forces, and enhanced strength to withstand a fall impact as indicated by their higher femoral strength index. No asymmetries in hip bone properties were identified, suggesting that both torsional and gravitational loading offer significant osteogenic potential.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Matthew Lees.