ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8833-4501
Current Organisations
The University of Auckland
,
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTN002
Abstract: Tobacco promotion increases the likelihood that adolescents will start smoking. Much of the tobacco industry's promotional budget is spent on point of sale (PoS) promotion in many jurisdictions. Consequently, tobacco is an eye-catching feature at the PoS in many places. We reviewed the evidence that PoS tobacco promotion influences key smoking-related behaviors and beliefs, increases susceptibility to smoking in youth, undermines smokers' quit attempts, and promotes relapse among ex-smokers. We found 12 peer-reviewed studies, 10 of which were focused on children. Seven of 8 observational studies found statistically significant associations between exposure to tobacco promotion at the PoS and smoking initiation or susceptibility to smoking. Two experimental studies of children found statistically significant associations between exposure to PoS tobacco promotions and beliefs about ease of getting tobacco and smoking prevalence among their peers. An experimental study with adults found that a picture of collected tobacco pack elicited cravings for cigarettes among smokers. A cross-sectional study found that 25% of adult smokers reported impulse purchasing and a third of recent ex-smokers reported urges to start smoking after seeing tobacco displayed. More prospective studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between exposure to PoS tobacco and outcome. However, given the addictiveness of tobacco, the severity of the health hazards posed by smoking, the evidence that tobacco promotion encourages children to start smoking, and the consistency of the evidence that PoS promotion influences children's smoking, we believe that le justification exists for banning PoS advertising and displays of smoked tobacco products.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Pacific Society for Reproductive Health Charitable Trust
Date: 20-08-2018
Abstract: Introduction The aim of this paper is to understand knowledge and awareness of gynaecological cancer among Pacific women. The key objectives are to examine the level of awareness Pacific women have about gynaecological cancers, to identify the barriers accessing gynaecological services and to obtain feedback as to what would be the best way of educating and informing Pacific women. Methodology Data was collected through semi structured interviews which took place in Auckland. Twenty Pasifika women were interviewed during 2015-2017. A general inductive approach was used to analyse the data. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Auckland Human Subjects Committee Ethics Reference Number 016670. Findings The definitions of gynaecology varied with many Pacific women never hearing of the term gynaecological cancers. The women identified that their primary sources of information for health and gynaecological health were personal experiences, relatives that were previously diagnosed, health professionals, p hlets and posters, school sex education, referrals through the health system, website searches, friends and family. There were a number of barriers to accessing gynaecological services. These included a lack of awareness of services, personal fear, shame, busy schedules, physical examinations, and attitudes, preference for a female doctor, poor health literacy, language difficulties, costs, public health system versus private health system., Participants identified a number of key areas strategies for gynaecological cancers. Their needs to be more information about the types of services that are available, accessing services, community outreach programmes and services, flexible opening hours and culturally appropriate information. Conclusion Given the multi-faceted and complex nature of this project, the recommendations provided are multi-levelled and will require inter-sectoral partnerships for community and education awareness is needed to enhance Pacific women’s access to gynaecological services in New Zealand.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2018
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201806.0495.V1
Abstract: Gonorrhea is a major global public health problem with emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains with no effective vaccine. This retrospective cohort study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the New Zealand meningococcal B vaccine against gonorrhea associated hospitalization. The cohort consisted of in iduals born 1984-1999 residing in New Zealand, therefore eligible for meningococcal B vaccination during 2004-2008. Administrative datasets of demographics, customs, hospitalization, education, income tax and immunization, were linked using the national Integrated Data Infrastructure. The primary outcome was hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of gonorrhea. Cox& rsquo s proportional hazards models were applied with a Firth correction for rare outcomes to generate estimates of hazard ratios. Vaccine effectiveness estimates were calculated as 1-Hazard Ratio expressed as percent. There were 1,143,897 eligible cohort members, with 135 missing information on gender, 16,245 missing ethnicity and/or 197,502 missing deprivation hence 935,496 were included in the analysis. After adjustment for gender, ethnicity and deprivation, vaccine effectiveness (MeNZB& trade ) against hospitalization caused by gonorrhea was estimated to be 24% (95% CI 1-42%). In conclusion, vaccination with MeNZB& trade significantly reduced the rate of hospitalization from gonorrhea. This supports prior research indicating possible cross protection of this vaccine against gonorrhea acquisition and disease in the outpatient setting.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 16-08-2013
DOI: 10.1017/JSC.2013.22
Abstract: Introduction: In March 2011, the New Zealand government committed to the goal of reducing the prevalence of current smokers to less than 5% by 2025. Smoking prevalence is significantly higher for Māori and Pacific peoples. To ensure a proportionately larger decrease in smoking prevalence for Māori and Pacific peoples by 2025, more effective strategies for prompting cessation among these groups are needed. Aim: This study aimed to identify what motivates Māori and Pacific people to quit smoking so that communications and mass media quit c aigns can be more effective at triggering quitting among them. Method: A qualitative approach utilising focus groups (N = 168) was used to ask participants to rank reasons why people say they should quit smoking (the ‘talk’) which we compared with participants’ reasons for actually quitting (the ‘walk’). The results were plotted on a scatter graph using a method devised by the authors. Results: Health, children and pregnancy were perceived to be strong motivating reasons to quit and they were frequently cited as triggering past quit attempts. Cost was plotted high for Pacific but low for Māori especially for talk. ‘It stinks’ was cited as triggering past quit attempts, but was not perceived as a reason to quit. Conclusion: Emotionally important reasons and more immediate reasons for quitting are likely to be more effective at prompting Māori and Pacific peoples to stop smoking.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-12-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0261163
Abstract: New Zealand’s rate of suicide persistently exceeds the global average. The burden of suicide in New Zealand is disproportionately borne by youth, males and Māori (NZ indigenous people). While the demographic characteristics of suicide decedents are established, there is a need to identify potential points of contact with health services where preventative action could take place. This paper aims to determine if suicide deaths in New Zealand were likely to be preceded by contact with health services, and the type and time frame in which these contacts took place. This study utilised a whole-of-population-cohort of all in iduals age 15 years and over, who were alive on March 5 th 2013, followed up to December 2015. Associations between the odds of suicide, demographic factors, area-based deprivation, and the timing of last contact with primary, secondary, and tertiary services were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Contact with a health service in the 6 Months prior to death was associated with the highest odds of suicide. Over half of the suicide decedent population (59.4%) had contacted primary health services during this period. Large proportions of the suicide decedent population contacted secondary and tertiary services in the 6 Months prior to death, 46.5% and 30.4% respectively. Contact with primary, secondary and tertiary services in the prior 6 Months, were associated with an increased odds of suicide of 2.51 times [95% CI 2.19–2.88], 4.45 times [95% CI 3.69–4.66] and 6.57 times [95% CI 5.84–7.38], respectively, compared to those who had no health services contact.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-12-2011
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTR299
Abstract: This study investigates the epidemiology of menthol cigarette preference, its association with smoking initiation, and nicotine addiction measured by loss of autonomy among New Zealand adolescent smokers. Data from the 2006-2009 national surveys among New Zealand Year 10 students (14-15 years old) were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Menthol preference was an outcome variable demographic factors and smoking status were covariates. Loss of autonomy and menthol preference were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist measured loss of autonomy as an outcome variable. Menthol status, smoking status, and demographic factors were covariates. All analyses were controlled for clustering of data by school. Overall, 17.7% of New Zealand 14- to 15-year-old smokers in this study indicated a preference for menthol cigarette, with greater odds of menthol cigarette preference among girls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43 95% CI = 2.15-2.75), ethnic minorities (Māori OR = 1.21 95% CI = 1.07-1.36, Asians OR = 2.24 95% CI = 1.79-2.82, Pacific Islanders OR = 1.83 95% CI = 1.52-2.19), smokers from high socioeconomic status schools (OR = 1.24 95% CI = 1.03-1.49), when parents smoked (OR = 1.16 95% CI = 1.03-1.31), and newer smokers (smoked 11-100 cigarettes OR = 1.16 95% CI = 1.03-1.31, smoking on a monthly OR = 1.17 95% CI = 1.00-1.37, and a weekly basis OR = 1.29 95% CI = 1.15-1.44). No significant correlation was found among those who smoked 1-10 cigarettes in total (OR = 1.02 95% CI = 0.86-1.20) nor was any correlation found between menthol preference and nicotine addiction measured by loss of autonomy (coef. = -.21, p value = .165). This study found inequalities in menthol cigarette preference among New Zealand adolescent smokers, consistent with patterns found in the United States but did not find any significant correlation between menthol preference and loss of autonomy.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 31-03-2014
DOI: 10.1017/JSC.2014.9
Abstract: Smoking prevalence amongst service users from the mental health and addictions sectors is higher than the general population. Cross-sectional web- or paper-based surveys comprising open and closed response options were used to examine changes in prevailing attitudes and practices amongst non-government mental health service staff and users. Thematic analysis was used to interpret and present open response answers. Multi-variate logistic models were used to investigate which factors are associated with smoke-free attitudes and practices. Staff who smoke were found to be less likely to provide cessation support to clients (AOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.82) and gave significantly lower estimates of the percentage of clients who wish to stop smoking (30% vs 44%, p 0.0001). Those who had completed cessation training also had more positive views about the importance of providing cessation support and service user desire to stop smoking. Staff who had not completed cessation training had significantly lower odds of reporting they carried out quit smoking support often and routinely (AOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.23–0.47) The results suggest that continuing improvement will be enabled by increasing rates of cessation training amongst staff of mental health and addictions non-government organisations. In addition, there is a need for increased incentive and support for staff who smoke to quit.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-060145
Abstract: In New Zealand, significant inequities exist between Māori and Pacific peoples compared with non-Māori, non-Pacific peoples in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, hospitalisations and management rates. This review will quantify and qualify already-reported gaps in CVD risk assessment and management in primary care for Māori and Pacific peoples compared with non-Māori/non-Pacific peoples in New Zealand. We will conduct a systematic search of the following electronic databases and websites from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, NZresearch.org, National Library Catalogue (Te Puna), Index New Zealand (INNZ), Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre. In addition, we will search relevant websites such as the Ministry of Health and research organisations. Data sources will include published peer reviewed articles, reports and theses employing qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts of the citations and grade each as eligible, not eligible or might be eligible. Two reviewers will read each full report, with one medically qualified reviewer reading all reports and two other reviewers reading half each. The final list of included citations will be compiled from the results of the full report reading and agreed on by three reviewers. Data abstracted will include authors, title, year, study characteristics and participant characteristics. Data analysis and interpretation will involve critical inquiry and a strength-based approach that is inclusive of Māori and Pacific values. This means that critical appraisal includes an assessment of quality from an Indigenous perspective. Ethical approval is not required. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with stakeholders. This review contributes to a larger project which creates a Quality-Improvement Equity Roadmap to reduce barriers to Māori and Pacific peoples accessing evidence-based CVD care.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-03-2019
Abstract: Kenyon (2019) is correct to suggest that there is limited evidence of longer term effectiveness.[...]
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-03-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.11.21253424
Abstract: Recent research from the UK, USA, Australia, and Canada point to male-favouring Sex Ratios at Birth (SRB) among their Asian minority populations, attributed to son preference and sex-selective abortion within these cultural groups. The present study conducts a similar investigation of SRBs among New Zealand’s Asian minority and migrant populations, who comprise 15% of the population. The New Zealand historical census series between 1976-2013 was used to examine SRBs between ages 0-5 by ethnicity. A retrospective birth cohort in New Zealand was created using the Stats NZ Integrated Data Infrastructure from 2003-2018. A logistic regression was conducted and adjusted for selected variables of interest including visa group, parity, maternal age and deprivation. Finally, associations between family size, ethnicity and family gender composition were examined in a subset of this cohort (families with 2 or 3 children). There was no evidence of ‘missing women’ or gender bias as indicated by a deviation from the biological norm in New Zealand’s Asian population. However, Indian and Chinese families were significantly more likely to have a third child if their first two children were females compared to two male children. The analyses did not reveal male-favouring SRBs or any conclusive evidence of sex-selective abortion among Indian and Chinese populations. Based on this data, we conclude that in comparison to other western countries, New Zealand’s Asian migrant populations presents as an anomaly. The larger family sizes for Indian and Chinese populations where the first two children were girls suggested potentially ‘soft’ practices of son preference. - There are discrepancies in Sex Ratios at Birth (SRB) among the Asian minority migrant populations – particularly Indian and Chinese populations –in countries like Canada, UK, USA. SRBs show a pronounced number of males over female children, suggesting a widespread practice of sex-selective abortions in these communities since the 1970s. - These trends implicitly reflect social norms of gender bias through son preference, and daughter devaluation. - The present study did not find evidence of skewed SRBs that favour boys over girls among Asian ethnicities. The analyses however did find a tendency for Indian and Chinese families to have larger families especially when the first two children were girls. - Overall, the findings suggest the absence of widespread practices of sex-selective abortion making New Zealand an anomaly relative to other migrant-receiving countries. However, there are still vestiges of son preference that are seen through decisions around family size and gender composition.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-03-2022
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIAC188
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-01-2019
Abstract: Gonorrhea is a major global public health problem with emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains with no effective vaccine. This retrospective cohort study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the New Zealand meningococcal B vaccine against gonorrhea-associated hospitalization. The cohort consisted of in iduals born from 1984 to 1999 residing in New Zealand. Therefore, it was eligible for meningococcal B vaccination from 2004 to 2008. Administrative datasets of demographics, customs, hospitalization, education, income tax, and immunization were linked using the national Integrated Data Infrastructure. The primary outcome was hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of gonorrhea. Cox’s proportional hazards models were applied with a Firth correction for rare outcomes to generate estimates of hazard ratios. Vaccine effectiveness estimates were calculated as 1-Hazard Ratio expressed as a percentage. There were 1,143,897 eligible cohort members with 135 missing information on gender, 16,245 missing ethnicity, and 197,502 missing deprivation. Therefore, only 935,496 cohort members were included in the analysis. After adjustment for gender, ethnicity, and deprivation, vaccine effectiveness (MeNZB™) against hospitalization caused by gonorrhea was estimated to be 24% (95% CI 1–42%). In conclusion, the data suggests vaccination with MeNZB™ significantly reduced the rate of hospitalization from gonorrhea. This supports prior research indicating possible cross protection of this vaccine against gonorrhea acquisition and disease in the outpatient setting.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-02-2012
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTR239
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the attitudes of young people toward tobacco control and explore the association between these attitudes and both smoking intentions and behavior. The study used data from a national survey of 14- and 15-year-old students in New Zealand (NZ) investigating tobacco use and attitudes. Attitudes to tobacco control were assessed using student responses to 7 statements relating to specific tobacco control measures outdoor smoking bans, increased and hypothecated tax, display bans, plain packaging, and reduced access. Analysis was conducted on a final s le of 24,495 students aged 14-15 years. Chi-square testing was used to determine group differences in smoking status and attitudes toward tobacco control measures, while logistic regression was used to test associations between youth attitudes and both smoking susceptibility and current smoking. Our results demonstrate youth support for tobacco control interventions in NZ. Commercial access measures received the most support, while plain packaging and display bans were the least supported measures among young people. Young people's attitudes toward tobacco control measures were found to be associated with smoking behavior those who were opposed to measures were more likely to be susceptible to smoking or be current smokers. Young people in NZ have opinions when it comes to tobacco control, and it is important to investigate these when developing tobacco control policies that are aimed to have an effect on this demographic. The results provide evidence to support the proposed "end game" strategies currently being considered in NZ.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2016
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-07-2009
Abstract: To examine the association between exposure to tobacco displays at the point of sale and teenage smoking and susceptibility to the uptake of smoking. The s le comprised a national cross-section of 14-15 year olds with two measures of exposure to tobacco displays at the point of sale and three outcome measures. The outcome measures were susceptibility to smoking initiation, experimenting with smoking or current smoking. Compared with visiting stores less often than weekly, a greater frequency of store visits was related to increased odds of being susceptible to smoking (daily visits, adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2) and experimenting with smoking (daily visits, adjusted OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.4 to 3.1). The likelihood of being a current smoker increased with a greater frequency of store visits among students of medium and high socioeconomic status, but not among those of low socioeconomic status. Although these findings are cross-sectional in nature, they are consistent with the notion that greater exposure to tobacco displays at the point of sale increases youth smoking, and suggest display bans are needed.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 14-04-2015
DOI: 10.1136/TOBACCOCONTROL-2014-052045
Abstract: Reduction of the availability of tobacco has been proposed as a means of reducing and denormalising tobacco use. Some retailers have stopped selling tobacco. Therefore, we investigated how willing New Zealand convenience store owners were to stop selling tobacco or sell nicotine replacement therapy. Promotion of their stores was offered as an incentive to stop selling tobacco. We asked convenience store owners in the Auckland metropolitan region of New Zealand to choose one of three actions. The first was to stop selling tobacco for a short period of time the second was to restrict the hours that they sold tobacco the third was to display and sell nicotine replacement therapy. All participating retailers completed a short interview about selling tobacco. We also surveyed customers about nicotine replacement and cessation. One-third of eligible retailers agreed to participate. Most who participated (93%) were unwilling to stop or restrict tobacco sales and 2 (7%) had already stopped selling tobacco. Tobacco was perceived as a key product for their businesses. Very few customers who purchased cigarettes noticed nicotine replacement therapy or obtained it from convenience stores. Substantially reducing the availability of tobacco in communities is likely to require legislative approaches, underpinned by sustained community pressure and support for convenience store owners who are willing to change their business model.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-023-39595-Y
Abstract: In Aotearoa New Zealand, zoster vaccine live is used for the prevention of zoster and associated complications in adults. This study assessed the risk of pre-specified serious adverse events following zoster vaccine live immunisation among adults in routine clinical practice. We conducted a self-controlled case series study using routinely collected national data. We compared the incidence of serious adverse events during the at-risk period with the control period. Rate ratios were estimated using Conditional Poisson regression models. Falsification outcomes analyses were used to evaluate biases in our study population. From April 2018 to July 2021, 278,375 received the vaccine. The rate ratio of serious adverse events following immunisation was 0·43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0·37–0·50). There was no significant increase in the risk of cerebrovascular accidents, acute myocardial infarction, acute pericarditis, acute myocarditis, and Ramsay–Hunt Syndrome. The herpes zoster vaccine is safe in adults in Aotearoa New Zealand.
No related grants have been discovered for Janine Paynter.