ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7374-7063
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Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-06-2017
Abstract: Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has significantly influenced aquatic ecosystems, especially with regard to their N budgets and phytoplankton growth potentials. Compared to a considerable number of studies on oligotrophic lakes and oceanic waters, little evidence for the importance of N deposition has been generated for eutrophic lakes, even though emphasis has been placed on reducing external N inputs to control eutrophication in these lakes. Our high-resolution observations of atmospheric depositions and riverine inputs of biologically reactive N species into eutrophic Lake Dianchi (the sixth largest freshwater lake in China) shed new light onto the contribution of N deposition to total N loads. Annual N deposition accounted for 15.7% to 16.6% of total N loads under variable precipitation conditions, 2-fold higher than previous estimates (7.6%) for the Lake Dianchi. The proportion of N deposition to total N loads further increased to 27-48% in May and June when toxic blooms of the ubiquitous non-N
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2021EF001975
Abstract: Biomass burning contributes considerably to black carbon (BC) emissions in South Asia, but such emissions have not been linked with the Green Revolution (GR) which has enabled substantial crop production growth in South Asian countries, India in particular. Here, we use an Earth system model to quantify climate change through the direct radiative forcing (DRF) by agriculture‐emitted BC associated with the GR in India. We show that the BC DRF in India has increased significantly since the GR, especially during the post‐GR period. The estimated BC DRF in India rose from +0.197 W/m 2 in 1961 to +0.805 W/m 2 in 2011 this represents a fourfold increase in DRF since the onset of the GR. The contribution of BC DRF by India's intensive agriculture to the global BC forcing also increased from 2.6% to 4.4% during the GR. Our results reveal that increasing BC emissions associated with the GR raises the importance of emission mitigation from agriculture source.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1021/ES0726106
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-08-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-10-2019
Abstract: Given the lack of understanding of the complex physiochemical and environmental processes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic and around the globe, atmospheric models often yield large errors in the predicted atmospheric concentrations of POPs. Here, we developed a recurrent neural network (RNN) method based on nonparametric deep learning algorithms. The RNN model was implemented to predict monthly air concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the high Arctic monitoring station Alert. To train the RNN system, we used MODIS satellite remotely sensed forest fire data, air emissions, meteorological data, sea ice cover area, and s led PAH concentration data from 1996 to 2012. The system was applied to forecast monthly PAH concentrations from 2012 to 2014 at the Alert station. The results were compared with monitored PAHs and an atmospheric transport model (CanMETOP) for POPs. We show that the RNN significantly improved PHE and BaP predictions from 2012 to 2014 by 62.5 and 91.1%, respectively, compared to CanMETOP predictions. The sensitivity analysis using the Shapley value reveals that air emissions determined the magnitude of PAH levels in the high Arctic, whereas forest fires played a significant role in the changes in PAH concentrations in the high Arctic, followed by air temperature and meridional wind fields.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-06-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-12-2018
Abstract: Household energy use is an important aspect of environmental pollution and sustainable development. From a nationwide residential energy survey, this study revealed that household fuel "stacking"-mixed use of multiple fuels-is becoming noticeable over the 20 years from 1992 to 2012, particularly in northern China where space heating is needed in the winter. Approximately 28% of rural households used only one single energy type in 1992, whereas the percentage declined to merely 11% in 2012. The number of energy types correlated positively with the heating degree days and negatively with the household income in areas with limited or no heating requirements. Combined use of biomass and fossil fuels may lead to extra energy use, up to 40% for cooking and 20% for heating. Some fuels, as supplementary ones, are used more often than others, and the energy consumption of coal and honeycomb briquette could be underestimated by 34% and 22% if only the primary energy was accounted for. Generally, household energy is shifting from solid fuels to cleaner ones, such as electricity or gas for both cooking and heating, but with different patterns and transition rates. Transition pathways varied extensively from one region to another due to the imbalanced development. Clean transitions initially occur in well-developed provinces and megacities and then extend to inland provinces approximately 5-10 years later. Rapid energy transitions and urbanization have led to nearly 50% reduction in residential energy consumption over these two decades, consequently resulting in significant declines in emissions of most air pollutants. The updated residential emission of primary PM
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 07-06-2023
DOI: 10.22541/ESSOAR.168614587.74614285/V1
Abstract: East Asia (China, Japan, Koreas and Mongolia) has been the world’s economic engine over at least the past two decades, exhibiting a rapid increase in fossil fuel emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and has expressed the recent ambition to achieve climate neutrality by mid-century. However, the GHG balance of its terrestrial ecosystems remains poorly constrained. Here, we present a synthesis of the three most important long-lived greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) budgets over East Asia during the decades of 2000s and 2010s, following a dual constraint bottom-up and top-down approach. We estimate that terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia is close to neutrality of GHGs, with a magnitude of between 196.9 ± 527.0 Tg CO2eq yr-1 (the top-down approach) and -20.8 ± 205.5 Tg CO2eq yr-1 (the bottom-up approach) during 2000-2019. This net GHG emission includes a large land CO2 sink (-1251.3 ± 456.9 Tg CO2 yr-1 based on the top-down approach and -1356.1 ± 155.6 Tg CO2 yr-1 based on the bottom-up approach), which is being fully offset by biogenic CH4 and N2O emissions, predominantly coming from the agricultural sector. Emerging data sources and modelling capacities have helped achieve agreement between the top-down and bottom-up approaches to within 20% for all three GHGs, but sizeable uncertainties remain in several flux terms. For ex le, the reported CO2 flux from land use and land cover change varies from a net source of more than 300 Tg CO2 yr-1 to a net sink of ~-700 Tg CO2 yr-1.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-06-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-12-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-03-2022
Abstract: Urbanization perturbs air pollutants from a dynamic and thermodynamic perspective, which has inspired extensive investigations in China due to rapid urban land expansion in the past four decades. However, knowledge gaps remain in the long-term and nationwide responses to air pollutants to urbanization. The evolution of tropospheric ozone associated with urban land expansion across China was assessed from 1980 to 2017 using a coupled WRF-Chem model based on a recently updated land use change (LUC) data set. The results revealed that urban-land expansion drove growing ozone trends for this period and contributed about 3-9% to its summer maximum concentrations during the 2010s in major urban agglomerations across China. The association between a long-term change in summer O
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-10-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-10-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-12-2021
Abstract: Industry relocation under globalization has altered the origins and strength of emission sources of many air pollutants. We develop global emission inventories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) embodied in the production and consumption of goods and services. We implement these inventories within a global atmospheric transport model and simulate spatial-temporal changes in atmospheric concentrations of benzo[α]pyrene (BaP), the most toxic congener in unsubstituted PAHs, and depositions across the Arctic subject to global trade and industry relocation. We show that interregional trade and industry relocation dramatically reduce the atmospheric levels and deposition of BaP in the Arctic. The most significant BaP decline occurs in the European and North American Arctic regions due to attenuated sources in the two well-developed continents proximate to the polar region induced by the relocation of high-PAH pollution industries to many developing countries far from the Arctic. Although BaP emissions embodied in industry relocations in China, India, and South and Southeast Asia resulted in increased BaP contamination in the Asian Arctic, such increases in pollution are minor compared to significant BaP reductions occurring in the European and North American Arctic regions. We find that "North-to-South" industry transfer could reduce trade-related BaP contamination by 60% in the Arctic.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-08-2018
Abstract: Although PM
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 17-08-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2021GL094465
Abstract: The secondary circulation (SC) plays a vital role in the vertical exchange of meteorological variables and aerosol particles between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the free atmosphere. We show that, under favorable synoptic‐scale weather conditions aggravating PM 2.5 pollution, heavy particle contaminations reduce wind speed in the low ABL via an aerosol feedback mechanism that perturbs the SCs. We examine the aerosol feedback impact on the reinforcement of SCs subject to heavy PM 2.5 pollution occurring in Beijing and its surroundings in China. Results reveal that episodic and composite heavy PM 2.5 events simulated by the aerosol feedback model runs reduce the ABL wind speeds and enhance the SC. We identify the SC signals by the differences of resultant wind speeds and PM 2.5 concentrations between “feedback” and “nonfeedback” simulations under the presence of a hill topographic forcing, which is conducive to the vertical exchange of PM 2.5 between the ABL and free atmosphere.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 30-10-2020
Abstract: Residential contributions are substantially magnified from energy use, emissions, air pollution, to health impacts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-11-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-03-2023
DOI: 10.1093/PNASNEXUS/PGAD097
Abstract: Carbon, the human's most reliable fuel type in the past, must be neutralized in this century toward the Paris Agreement temperature goals. Solar power is widely believed a key fossil fuel substitute but suffers from the needs of large space occupation and huge energy storage for peak shaving. Here, we propose a solar network circumnavigating the globe to connecting large-scale desert photovoltaics among continents. By evaluating the generation potential of desert photovoltaic plants on each continent (taking dust accumulation into account) and the hourly maximum transmission potential that each inhabited continent can receive (taking transmission loss into account), we find that the current total annual human demand for electricity will be more than met by this solar network. The local imbalanced diurnal generation of photovoltaic energy can be made up by transcontinental power transmission from other power stations in the network to meet the hourly electricity demand. We also find that laying solar panels over a large space may darken the Earth's surface, but this albedo warming effect is orders of magnitude lower than that of CO2 released from thermal power plants. From practical needs and ecological effects, this powerful and stable power network with lower climate perturbability could potentially help to phase out global carbon emissions in the 21st century.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-05-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-09-2019
Abstract: Historically, beehive coke ovens (BCOs) were extensively operated in China and emitted large quantities of pollutants, including primary PM
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 17-10-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2022JD037623
Abstract: Sulfate is a major atmospheric pollutant and radiative forcing (RF) factor that influences air quality, cloud microphysics, and climate. Therefore, a better evaluation of sulfate concentrations and RF patterns is essential for policy‐making and the management of air pollution and climate change. This study comprehensively estimates the global distribution of sulfate concentrations and RFs and analyzes the sources of uncertainty in the Community Earth System Model version 2 and the Parallel Offline Radiative Transfer model. Compared with the observations, the incorporation of detailed in‐cloud aqueous‐phase chemistry and the enhanced wet deposition (WD) flux of sulfate significantly improved the simulations of sulfur species both near the ground and at high altitudes, which is beneficial for a more accurate estimation of the global RF of sulfate. The improved simulated RF of sulfate from 1850 to 2015 is −0.502 Wˑm −2 . This study finds that WD is the key process governing both the horizontal and vertical distributions of sulfate concentrations. The overestimation of surface sulfate and the underestimation of high‐altitude sulfate made by the model are essential uncertainty factors of the sulfate RF estimation. This study emphasizes the importance of improving the simulation of global sulfate distribution as well as its RF, which may strongly pressure the near‐future warming potential when witnessing a rapid transition to a carbon neutral world that is phasing out fossil fuel. A more accurate assessment of sulfate levels and radiation effects will play a remarkable guiding role in the formulation of global emission reduction‐related policies in the future.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-07-2022
Abstract: Increasing worldwide demand for beef products promotes international beef trade. Cattle raising and beef products as significant sources of methane (CH
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-09-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-05-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-05-2023
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-06-2015
Abstract: Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of iron (Fe) plays an important role in controlling oceanic primary productivity. However, the sources of Fe in the atmosphere are not well understood. In particular, the combustion sources of Fe and the subsequent deposition to the oceans have been accounted for in only few ocean biogeochemical models of the carbon cycle. Here we used a mass-balance method to estimate the emissions of Fe from the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass by accounting for the Fe contents in fuel and the partitioning of Fe during combustion. The emissions of Fe attached to aerosols from combustion sources were estimated by particle size, and their uncertainties were quantified by a Monte Carlo simulation. The emissions of Fe from mineral sources were estimated using the latest soil mineralogical database to date. As a result, the total Fe emissions from combustion averaged for 1960–2007 were estimated to be 5.3 Tg yr−1 (90% confidence of 2.3 to 12.1). Of these emissions, 1, 27 and 72% were emitted in particles 1 μm (PM1), 1–10 μm (PM1-10), and 10 μm (PM 10), respectively, compared to a total Fe emission from mineral dust of 41.0 Tg yr−1 in a log-normal distribution with a mass median diameter of 2.5 μm and a geometric standard deviation of 2. For combustion sources, different temporal trends were found in fine and medium-to-coarse particles, with a notable increase in Fe emissions in PM1 since 2000 due to an increase in Fe emission from motor vehicles (from 0.008 to 0.0103 Tg yr−1 in 2000 and 2007, respectively). These emissions have been introduced in a global 3-D transport model run at a spatial resolution of 0.94° latitude by 1.28° longitude to evaluate our estimation of Fe emissions. The modelled Fe concentrations as monthly means were compared with the monthly (57 sites) or daily (768 sites) measured concentrations at a total of 825 s ling stations. The deviation between modelled and observed Fe concentrations attached to aerosols at the surface was within a factor of 2 at most s ling stations, and the deviation was within a factor of 1.5 at s ling stations dominated by combustion sources. We analysed the relative contribution of combustion sources to total Fe concentrations over different regions of the world. The new mineralogical database led to a modest improvement in the simulation relative to station data even in dust-dominated regions, but could provide useful information on the chemical forms of Fe in dust for coupling with ocean biota models. We estimated a total Fe deposition sink of 8.4 Tg yr−1 over global oceans, 7% of which originated from the combustion sources. Our central estimates of Fe emissions from fossil fuel combustion (mainly from coal) are generally higher than those in previous studies, although they are within the uncertainty range of our estimates. In particular, the higher than previously estimated Fe emission from coal combustion implies a larger atmospheric anthropogenic input of soluble Fe to the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific Oceans, which is expected to enhance the biological carbon pump in those regions.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-07-2021
No related grants have been discovered for Shu Tao.