ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2772-2914
Current Organisations
American University of Beirut
,
University of Queensland
,
James Cook University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2018.01.002
Abstract: This study aims to explore if there is a causal association between adolescence sleep problems and overweight/obesity (Ow/Ob) in young adults. Youth self-reports were used to explore if adolescence (mean age 13.90 years, SD ±0.32) sleep problems lead to general Ow/Ob, computed from body mass index (n = 1075), or abdominal Ow/Ob, computed from waist circumference and waist to height ratio (n = 1179), in young adults (mean age 20.65 years, SD±0.82). Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify potential confounders, modified Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to model the associations, and inverse probability weights were used to account for loss to follow-up. At adolescence, 27.37% of the subjects reported having frequent sleep problems, and about a fifth of these subjects (22.65%) developed general Ow/Ob at young adulthood. Unadjusted regression analysis indicates a link between adolescent sleep problems and general Ow/Ob in young adults (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.03), and this link was robust to adjustment for potential confounders (IRR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07-2.02). However, no such association was seen for adolescence sleep problems, and abdominal Ow/Ob computed from waist circumference (IRR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.91-1.87) and waist to height ratio (IRR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.86-1.88). Although there is evidence for a causal association between sleep problems and general Ow/Ob, the link between sleep problems and abdominal Ow/Ob needs more research to produce conclusive results. Nonetheless, behavioral interventions encouraging healthy sleep practice in young subjects are likely to influence future Ow/Ob outcome.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-04-2020
DOI: 10.1111/APA.15219
Abstract: To explore sleep patterns in indigenous Australian children and assess the role of sleep timing in longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI). Latent profile analysis was conducted with the Australian Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) cohort data (wave 5), to determine distinct patterns of bed and wake timing, taking account of weekday sleep duration, weekday and weekend bedtimes, and weekday wake times. Multilevel models with a random intercept were used to investigate the role of baseline sleep pattern in predicting longitudinal changes in BMI. Baseline data for 1258 children (50.7% males), mean age 6.32 ± 1.52 years, indicated the presence of five classes of sleep patterns: early/long sleepers (4.5%), normative sleepers (25.5%), late sleepers (49.9%), consistent late sleepers (11.1%) and early risers (9%). Late sleeping was significantly associated with longitudinal gains in BMI. Compared with early sleepers, consistent late sleepers experienced 1.03 unit gain in BMI at follow‐up (95% CI: 0.001‐2.05, P = .05). This study underscores the importance of looking beyond sleep duration and highlights the positive outcomes of early bedtimes in children. As sleep timing is modifiable, this offers the opportunity for improvement in sleep and protecting against future weight gain in indigenous children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-01-2015
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12245
Abstract: Short sleep duration is considered a potential risk for overweight/obesity in childhood and adolescence. However, most of the evidence on this topic is obtained from cross-sectional studies therefore, the nature and extent of the longitudinal associations are unclear. This study explores the prospective association between short sleep and overweight/obesity in young subjects. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, and CINAHL databases were searched for English-language articles, published until May 2014, reporting longitudinal association between sleep and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Recommendations of the Sleep Health Foundation were used to standardize reference sleep duration. Sleep category, with sleep duration less than the reference sleep, was considered as the short sleep category. Meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between short sleep and overweight/obesity. A review of 22 longitudinal studies, with subjects from erse backgrounds, suggested an inverse association between sleep duration and BMI. Meta-analysis of 11 longitudinal studies, comprising 24,821 participants, revealed that subjects sleeping for short duration had twice the risk of being overweight/obese, compared with subjects sleeping for long duration (odds ratio 2.15 95% confidence interval: 1.64-2.81). This study provides evidence that short sleep duration in young subjects is significantly associated with future overweight/obesity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-07-2016
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12444
Abstract: To assess the effect of poor sleep quality on Overweight/Obesity (Ow/Ob) in young subjects, and explore if this association is independent of sleep duration. Pubmed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases were searched for papers on sleep quality and overweight/obesity, focusing on children, adolescents, and young adults. Studies based on subjects with medical sychological problems or published in languages other than English were excluded. Quality effects model was used to pool studies for meta-analysis. Findings from the systematic review suggest a link between poor sleep quality and Ow/Ob in young subjects. Pooled estimate (from 26,553 subjects) suggest a role of inadequate sleep (including both short duration and poor quality) in Ow/Ob (OR: 1.27 95% CI: 1.05-1.53). Sub-group-analyses suggest considerably higher odds of Ow/Ob (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24-1.72) in young subjects with poor sleep quality (independent of duration). Poor sleep quality seems to be associated with Ow/Ob, and some studies indicate this association to be independent of duration. Therefore, considering only sleep duration might not help in disentangling sleep-obesity association. However, this review is mostly composed of cross-sectional studies. Therefore, a causal link or the stability of the sleep quality and Ow/Ob association could not be established.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S178138
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-08-2019
Abstract: A growing body of qualitative literature globally describes post-hospital experiences during early recovery from a traumatic brain injury. For Indigenous Australians, however, little published information is available. This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of Indigenous Australians during the 6 months post-discharge, identify the help and supports accessed during transition and understand the gaps in service provision or difficulties experienced. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at 6 months after hospital discharge to gain an understanding of the needs and lived experiences of 11 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians who had suffered traumatic brain injury in Queensland and Northern Territory, Australia. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Five major themes were identified within the data. These were labelled ‘hospital experiences’, ‘engaging with medical and community-based supports’, ‘health and wellbeing impacts from the injury’, ‘everyday living’ and ‘family adjustments post-injury’. While some of the transition experiences for Indigenous Australians were similar to those found in other populations, the transition period for Indigenous Australians is influenced by additional factors in hospital and during their recovery process. Lack of meaningful interaction with treating clinicians in hospital, challenges managing direct contact with multiple service providers and the injury-related psychological impacts are some of the factors that could prevent Indigenous Australians from receiving the supports they require to achieve their best possible health outcomes in the long term. A holistic approach to care, with an in idualised, coordinated transition support, may reduce the risks for re-admission with further head injuries.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/BIRT.12708
Abstract: Infants with low birthweight (LBW, birthweight g) have increased in many high‐resource countries over the past two decades. This study aimed to investigate the time trends, projections, and spatial distribution of LBW in Australia, 2009–2030. We used standard aggregate data on 3 346 808 births from 2009 to 2019 from Australia's National Perinatal Data Collection. Bayesian linear regression model was used to estimate the trends in the prevalence of LBW in Australia. Wefound that the prevalence of LBW was 6.18% in 2009, which has increased to 6.64% in 2019 (average annual rate of change, AARC = +0.76%). If the national trend remains the same, the projected prevalence of LBW in Australia will increase to 7.34% (95% uncertainty interval, UI = 6.99, 7.68) in 2030. Observing AARC across different subpopulations, the trend of LBW was stable among Indigenous mothers, whereas it increased among non‐Indigenous mothers (AARC = +0.81%). There is also an increase among the most disadvantaged mothers (AARC = +1.08%), birthing people in either of two extreme age groups (AARC = +1.99% and +1.53% for years and ≥40 years, respectively), and mothers who smoked during pregnancy (AARC = +1.52%). Spatiotemporal maps showed that some of the Statistical Area level 3 (SA3) in Northern Territory and Queensland had consistently higher prevalence for LBW than the national average from 2014 to 2019. Overall, the prevalence of LBW has increased in Australia during 2009–2019 however, the trends vary across different subpopulations. If trends persist, Australia will not achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of a 30% reduction in LBW by 2030. Centering and supporting the most vulnerable subpopulations is vital to progress the SDGs and improves perinatal and infant health in Australia.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JSR.13326
Abstract: Despite the strong evidence on circadian rhythm disruption in shift workers and consequent increased vulnerability for infection, longitudinal association between shift work and COVID‐19 infection is unexplored. In this study, data from UK Biobank participants who were tested for COVID‐19 infection (16 March to 7 September 2020) were used to explore the link between shift work and COVID‐19 infection. Using the baseline occupational information, participants were categorised as non‐shift workers, day shift workers, mixed shift workers and night shift workers. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between shift work and COVID‐19 infection. Among the 18,221 participants (9.4% positive cases), 11.2% were health workers, and 16.4% were involved in shift‐work‐based jobs. Ethnic minorities (18%) and people in night‐shift‐based jobs (18.1%) had a significantly higher prevalence of COVID‐19 infection than others. Adjusted logistics regression model suggest that, compared with their counterparts, people employed in a night‐shift‐based job were 1.85‐fold (95% CI: 1.42–2.41) more likely to have COVID‐19 infection. Sensitivity analysis focusing on people working in a non‐healthcare setting suggests that people in shift‐work‐based jobs had 1.81‐fold (95% CI: 1.04%–3.18%) higher odds of COVID‐19 infection than their counterparts. Shift workers, particularly night shift workers, irrespective of their occupational group, seem to be at high risk of COVID‐19 infection. If similar results are obtained from other studies, then it would mandate to revisit the criteria for defining high‐risk groups for COVID‐19 and implementing appropriate interventions to protect people in shift‐based jobs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEEP.2021.12.014
Abstract: To examine geographical variations in the association between bullying victimization and sleep loss over worry among adolescents. We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted between 2003 and 2017 in 91 countries across the globe. Sleep loss was categorised as: none/minimum (reported never or rarely sleep loss), moderate (reported sometimes), and severe (reported most of the time or always). We obtained country-specific estimates from multiple multinomial logistic regression analyses and pooled estimates from meta-analyses. Of 282,036 adolescents 13-17 years of age, 28.1% (male: 25.4%, female: 31.0%) and 8.4% (male: 7.3%, female: 9.5%) of adolescents reported moderate and severe sleep loss respectively. Adolescents who frequently experienced bullying (≥3 per 30 days) reported higher prevalence of severe sleep loss. Meta-analyses showed that increased frequency of bullying victimization is associated with increased odds of sleep loss, with adolescents who experienced bullying for ≥3 days in the past 30 days were 1.65 and 2.65 times more likely than adolescents without being bullied to experience respectively moderate (OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.59-1.72) and severe (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 2.52-2.79) sleep loss. Irrespective of sex, the association between bullying victimization and sleep loss was significant in all regions, income groups, and in all but a few countries. Increased frequency of bullying victimization is positively associated with increased sleep loss among adolescents. Appropriate policies and programmes to stop bullying at school could help downgrade the risk of sleep loss among adolescents.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-023-03185-X
Abstract: Dietary patterns (DPs) during pregnancy have been well researched. However, little is known about maternal diet after pregnancy. The aim of the study was to explore maternal DPs longitudinally, examine trajectories over 12 years after pregnancy and identify associated factors. Of 14,541 pregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) complete dietary information was available for 5336 women. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to derive DPs. DP scores at each time point were used to create DP trajectories using group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM). Multinomial logistic regression assessed the association with maternal factors. A total of six distinct DPs were identified over time with different numbers of DPs at each time point. The “healthy” and “processed” DPs persisted over the 12-year post-pregnancy. Three trajectories of “healthy” and “processed” DPs were identified from GBTM. Half the women were on the moderately healthy DP trajectory with 37% on the lower trajectory and 9% on the higher healthy DP trajectory. 59% of women were on the lower processed DP trajectory with 38% on the moderate trajectory and 3.3% on the higher processed DP trajectory. Low educational attainment, low social class and smoking in pregnancy were independently associated with being on a less favourable DP trajectory over the 12 years. Health professionals should provide support on smoking cessation along with healthy eating advice during ante-natal counselling. Continued support on eating healthily after pregnancy would be beneficial for mothers and families.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2019.12.007
Abstract: To quantify the changes in sleep duration over two generations of young adults. We used data from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort to compare sleep duration in mother and offspring. The analyses were restricted to 1,731 mothers who were young adults (mean age 21.96 years SD±1.90) at the baseline measurement, and their offspring who were about the same age (mean age 20.6 years SD±0.86) when assessed 21 years later. Maternal sleep was explored by asking the mother, during the first trimester, about her typical sleep duration prior to pregnancy, while offspring participants were asked about the sleep duration in the last month at the time assessed. Multinomial logistic regression for correlated responses was used to assess generational changes. We found that offspring had 3.2 (2.7, 3.9) times the odds of sleeping for short duration (≤6 hours/night) and 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) times the odds of sleeping for a longer duration (≥9 hours/night) compared with their mothers. Gender-based analysis found that daughters had 3.0 (2.3, 5.0) times the odds of sleeping for a short duration, while sons had 3.4 (2.6, 6.4) times the odds of sleeping for a short duration compared with their mothers. There is a significant decline in sleep duration below recommendations as well as a substantial increase in long-duration above the recommendations over two generations of young adults. Therefore, the focus of sleep health should not be limited to short sleep, but on the need for achieving optimal sleep recommended for the age.
Publisher: University of Queensland Library
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-12-2022
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13405
Abstract: There is a strong link between parental and offspring obesity status. However, the state of epidemiological evidence on multigenerational transmission of overweight/obesity, such as from grandparents to grandchildren, is relatively unknown. This systematic review collates and appraises existing evidence on multigenerational transmission of overweight/obesity and uses meta-analytic estimates for quantitative synthesis. Six electronic databases were searched for publications reporting the relationship between grandparents and their grandchildren overweight/obesity status. A total of 25 studies from 17 countries with a combined population of 238,771 study participants met the inclusion criteria. About 60% (15) of the reviewed studies reported a positive association between grandparent-grandchild (GP-GC) overweight/obesity, out of which 11 were statistically significant. Seven studies reported odds ratios of GP-GC overweight/obesity associations and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates showed a significant GP-GC association in overweight/obesity status (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.57). Thus, the current research evidence shows that grandchildren's overweight/obesity status is associated with their grandparents' overweight/obesity status, indicating a multigenerational transmission of obesity. However, more studies, especially from developing countries, are required to assess the robustness of these findings. Future studies should also focus on the mechanisms through which this transmission occurs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SLEH.2017.04.004
Abstract: Considering the lack of evidence on incidence and continuity of sleep problems from adolescence to young adulthood, this study explores sleep problems' incidence and their continuation rates from 14 to 21 years. Sleep data from the 14-year (n = 4,924) and 21-year (n = 3660) follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort were used. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychological conditions were explored for their role in sleep problems. Modified Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to identify predictors. Inverse probability weights were used to account for attrition. Of all subjects, 26.0% of the subjects at 14 years and 28.3% of the subjects at 21 years reported "often" sleep problems, with 41.7% of adolescent sleep problems persisting at 21 years. Perinatal and early-life maternal factors, for ex le, drug abuse (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.32 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.71), smoking, depression, and anxiety, were significant predictors of adolescent sleep problems. Female sex (IRR, 2.13 95% CI, 1.55-2.94), advanced pubertal stages, and smoking were the important predictors of sleep problems at 21 years. Adolescent depression/anxiety supported the continuity of sleep problems (IRR, 1.21 95% CI, 1.05-1.40), whereas exercise was seen to exert a protective effect. This study indicates high rates of sleep problems in young subjects, with around half of sleep problems originating in adolescence persisting in young adulthood. Therefore, early interventions are needed to manage sleep problems in young subjects and prevent further progression to other life stages. Future studies should explore if sleep problems in young adults also persist in later life stages and identify the factors supporting the continuity of sleep problems.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-05-2021
Abstract: While appropriate hand hygiene practices (HHP) are protective against infections, the paucity of evidence on global estimates and determinants of HHP in adolescents limits effective design and planning of intervention to improve HHP in young people. We examined the prevalence and correlates of HHP in adolescents. We used nationally representative data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003–2017) from 92 countries. HHP were categorized as “appropriate”, “inappropriate” and “lacking” based on the information about “hand washing before eating”, “hand washing after using the toilet”, and “hand washing with soap”. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to assess the role of socio-demographic, health, lifestyle, school, and family-related variables in HHP. Among 354,422 adolescents (13–17 years), only 30.3% were found to practice appropriate hand hygiene. Multivariable models suggest that sedentary behavior (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.31–1.51)), and bullying victimization (ARRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.30) promoted inappropriate HHP. In contrast, parental supervision (ARRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.50–0.59) and parental bonding (ARRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.87) were protective against inappropriate HHP. From a policy perspective, hand hygiene promotion policies and programs should focus on both school (bullying, exercise) and family-level factors (parental supervision and parental bonding) factors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: AME Publishing Company
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.21037/JTD-21-1353
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12706
Abstract: To estimate the number of general practice‐appropriate attendances in a remote emergency department and explore the reasons for patients’ choice of service. A four‐step case study approach was adopted, focusing on hospital emergency department (ED) attendances that were potentially manageable in general practice. A large, remote community with substantial populations of Indigenous peoples and fly‐in, fly‐out mining industry workers. The ED is experiencing rapid growth in demand for services for lower urgency. Patients attending the emergency department with lower urgency problems. ED attendance data for 2016 were reviewed to identify lower urgency presentations. Patient records for 400 randomly selected presentations were subject to deeper analysis. A prospective survey was conducted over 6 months of 369 ED patients with lower urgency presentations. The proportion of patients attending the ED with GP‐appropriate problems and influences on their decisions to attend the ED. About 48% of all attendances met the agreed definition of GP‐appropriate problems. About half of presentations were during the normal work hours and about half of patients stated that GP services were unavailable. Younger age, lack of information about local GP services, and perceptions of convenience contributed significantly to seeking ED care. Increasing the availability of GP services alone is unlikely to be sufficient to change service utilisation. Strategies should include raising community awareness of how and when to utilise the appropriate service, understanding different models of care, and the need to register with a general practice.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S140989
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-01-2021
DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.12769
Abstract: Measuring obesity at a single time point does not explain the independent association between C‐section birth and obesity in a child's life course. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal link between C‐section with obesity trajectories during childhood. We analysed data from a nationally representative birth cohort study named “Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)”, commenced in 2004. General obesity was measured through the Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal obesity by the Waist Circumference (WC) using the biennially collected data from age 2 to 13 years (2006‐2016). Group‐based trajectory modelling was applied to identify the distinct pattern of BMI & WC trajectories. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the association between C‐section and obesity trajectories after adjusting for perinatal factors. Of the 3524 study children, 30% were born by C‐section. Three distinct BMI trajectory groups emerged: stable normal (60%), moderately rising (33%) and accelerated (7%). The WC trajectories were, stable normal (58%), moderate (34%) and accelerated (8%). Compared with the stable normal group, children born through C‐section had a higher risk to follow accelerated trajectories for both BMI (OR:1.72 95% CI: 1.28‐2.32) and WC (OR: 1.51 95% CI: 1.15‐1.98) with P‐value .01. Adjustment of potential confounders did not alter these associations substantially. C‐section birth significantly increases the risk of having an accelerated obesity trajectory in children. Limiting the C‐section for absolute clinical causes and early institution of preventive approach can reduce the obesity burden among children delivered through C‐section.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Abstract: To examine the association of cesarean section (C-section) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk biomarkers among Australian children. The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) birth cohort was prospectively followed for body mass index (BMI) trajectory, and then linked with CVD risk indicators of children waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), fat mass index (FMI) and composite metabolic syndrome (CMetS) score. Multivariable linear regression analysis was done to assess the association of C-sections with CVD risk biomarkers. Of 1,874 study children, 30% had C-sections the mean age (SD) was 11.50 (0.50) years, and 49% were female. Against the vaginally-born cohort, Caesarean-born children showed a higher Z- score for five of the seven CVD risk indicators in regression analysis WC (0.15 p=0.003), SBP (0.16 p=0.003), inverse HDL (0.15 p=0.003), FMI (0.12 p=0.004), and CMetS (0.45 p=0.004) score. Children with accelerated BMI trajectory had higher CMetS scores for both the delivery types while the C-section cohort showed statistical association only (1.69 p=0.006) Conclusion: C-section was independently associated with increased CVD risk profiles of children, further increased with high BMI trajectory. Implication for public health: The chronic disease risk of C-sections should be discussed with families to reduce clinically unrequired C-sections.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2021
Abstract: To provide updated information about between‐country variations, temporal trends and changes in inequalities within countries in caesarean delivery (CD) rates. Cross‐sectional study of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) during 1990–2018. 74 low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Women 15–49 years of age who had live births in the last 3 years. Bayesian linear regression analysis was performed and absolute differences were calculated. Population‐level CD by countries and sociodemographic characteristics of mothers over time. CD rates, based on the latest DHS rounds, varied substantially between the study countries, from 1.5% (95% CI 1.1–1.9%) in Madagascar to 58.9% (95% CI 56.0–61.6%) in the Dominican Republic. Of 62 LMICs with at least two surveys, 57 countries showed a rise in CD during 1990–2018, with the greatest increase in Sierra Leone (19.3%). Large variations in CD rates were observed across mother's wealth, residence, education and age, with a higher rate of CD by the richest and urban mothers. These inequalities have widened in many countries. Stratified analyses suggest greater provisioning of CD by the richest mothers in private facilities and poorest mothers in public facilities. CD rates varied substantially across geographical locations and over time, irrespective of public or private health facilities. Changes in CD rates continue across wealth, place of residence, education, and age of mother, and are widening in most study countries. Increasing caesarean delivery rates were greater among the richest and urban mothers than their counterparts, with widened gaps in LMICs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/APA.13404
Abstract: To compare parent and adolescent reports in exploring adolescent sleep problems and to identify the factors associated with adolescent sleep problem disclosures. Parent (n = 5185) and adolescent reports (n = 5171, age=13.9 ± 0.3 years), from a birth cohort were used to explore adolescent sleep problems. Kappa coefficients were used to assess the agreement, whereas, conditional agreement and disagreement ratios were used to identify the optimal informant. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting adolescent sleep problem disclosure. Parental reports identified only about one-third of the sleep problems reported by adolescents. Whereas adolescent reports identified up to two-thirds of the sleep problems reported by parents. Combined reports of parents and adolescent did not show any considerable difference from the adolescent report. Adolescent and parent health, maternal depression, and family communication were significantly associated with adolescents sleep problem disclosures. Adolescent reports could be used as the preferred source to explore adolescent sleep problems. Parental reports should be used when parents as observers are more reliable reporters, or where adolescents are cognitively unable to report sleep problems. Additionally, the impact of poor health, maternal depression and family communication on sleep problems disclosure should be considered for adolescent sleep problem diagnosis.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-06-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021002482
Abstract: To examine geographical variations, trends and projections in the prevalence of childhood anemia at national and subpopulation levels. Repeated cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted during 2000–2018. Fifty-three low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) Totally, 776 689 children aged 6–59 months. During the latest DHS rounds between 2005 and 2018, the prevalence of child anemia was 20 % in fifty-two out of fifty-three countries and ranged from 15·9 % in Armenia in 2016 to 87·8 % in Burkina Faso in 2010. Out of thirty-six countries with at least two surveys during 2000–2018, the prevalence of child anemia decreased in twenty-two countries, highest in Zimbabwe (–4·2 %) and increased in fourteen countries, highest in Burundi (5·0 %). Based on the trend, eleven and twenty-two out of thirty-six countries are projected to experience, respectively, moderate and severe public health problem according to the WHO criteria (moderate problem: 20–39·9 % and severe problem: ≥ 40 %) due to child anemia in 2030, with the highest prevalence in Liberia (87·5 %, 95 % credible interval 52·0–98·8 %). The prevalence of child anemia varied across the mother’s education and age, child sex, wealth quintiles, and place of residence, with the highest rate of child anemia among the poorest, rural and low-educated mothers. These scenarios are projected to continue. The probability of reducing child anemia at 0·5 % by 2030 is 0 % for all study countries. The prevalence of child anemia varied between and within countries. None of the thirty-six LMIC is likely to eradicate child anemia by 2030.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/PY16110
Abstract: This study explored the views of key stakeholders on cultural appropriateness of primary health care (PHC) services for Aboriginal people. A total of 78 participants, including healthcare providers, administrative team members (n=24, ~30% of study s le) and Aboriginal community members (n=54, ∼70% of study s le) living in remote North West Queensland participated in the study. Outcome measures were assessed by administering survey questionnaires comprising qualitative questions and various subscales (e.g. provider behaviours and attitudes, communication, physical environment and facilities, and support from administrative staff). Descriptive statistics were used to present quantitative findings, whereas inductive thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. In contrast to the views of PHC providers, a significant number of Aboriginal people did not perceive that they were receiving culturally appropriate services. Although PHC providers acknowledged cultural awareness training for familiarising themselves with Aboriginal culture, they found the training to be general, superficial and lacking prospective evaluation. PHC providers should understand that culturally inappropriate clinical encounters generate mistrust and dissatisfaction. Therefore, a broad approach involving culturally respectful association between PHC providers, Aboriginal consumers and administrative staff is required to bring sustainable changes at the practice level to improve the health of Aboriginal people.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 21-12-2007
DOI: 10.1117/12.758543
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: Johns Hopkins School Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs
Date: 12-10-2020
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 20-10-2018
Abstract: This study aims to identify the prenatal and early life predictors of adolescence sleep problems. Sleep data (n = 5081) from the 14-year (13.92 ± 0.34 years) follow-up of a birth cohort were analyzed to explore the predictors of adolescence trouble sleeping, nightmares, snoring and sleep talking/walking. Data from the antenatal period till adolescence were explored for identifying predictors of adolescence sleep problems. Modified Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to identify significant predictors. Our results suggest that about a quarter of adolescents in our study s le had sleep maintenance problems (nightmares: 27.88%, snoring: 23.20%, sleepwalking/talking 27.72%). The prevalence rate of sleep initiation problems was even higher (trouble sleeping: 40.61%). Our results suggest that antenatal and early-life factors, e.g. maternal smoking, anxiety, sleep problems in childhood, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and poor health are significant predictors of adolescence sleep problems. This study demonstrates the predictive role of prenatal and early life risk factors in adolescence sleep problems. It seems that exposure to prenatal and early life risk factors increase the vulnerability for sleep problems later in life, which is further supported by poor health and lifestyle choices in adolescence. Therefore, close observation and mitigation of factors associated with early life risk factors could be a potential strategy for preventing sleep problems later in life.
Publisher: Marshfield Clinic Research Institute
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Johns Hopkins School Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs
Date: 09-02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3684452
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2020
Funder: University of Queensland
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2019
Funder: James Cook University
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2025
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 2023
Funder: Medical Research Future Fund
View Funded Activity